PREFACE.

In face of the cordial reception given to the first two volumes of MM. Perrot and Chipiez's History of Ancient Art, any words of introduction from me to this second instalment would be presumptuous. On my own part, however, I may be allowed to express my gratitude for the approval vouchsafed to my humble share in the introduction of the History of Art in Ancient Egypt to a new public, and to hope that nothing may be found in the following pages to change that approval into blame.

W. A.

October 10, 1883.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHALDÆO-ASSYRIAN CIVILIZATION.
PAGE
§ 1. [Situation and Boundaries of Chaldæa and Assyria]1-8
§ 2. [Nature in the Basin of the Euphrates and Tigris]8-13
§ 3. [The Primitive Elements of the Population]13-21
§ 4. [The Wedges]21-33
§ 5. [The History of Chaldæa and Assyria]33-55
§ 6. [The Chaldæan Religion]55-89
§ 7. [The People and Government]89-113

CHAPTER II.

THE PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHALDÆO-ASSYRIAN ARCHITECTURE.
§ 1. [Materials]114-126
§ 2. [The General Principles of Form]126-146
§ 3. [Construction]146-200
§ 4. [The Column]200-221
§ 5. [The Arch]221-236
§ 6. [Secondary Forms]236-260
§ 7. [Decoration]260-311
§ 8. [On the Orientation of Buildings and Foundation Ceremonies]311-322
§ 9. [Mechanical Resources]322-326
§ 10. [On the Graphic Processes Employed in the Representations of Buildings]327-334

CHAPTER III.

FUNERARY ARCHITECTURE.
§ 1. [Chaldæan and Assyrian Notions as to a Future Life]335-355
§ 2. [The Chaldæan Tomb]355-363

CHAPTER IV.

RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE.
§ 1. [Attempts to Restore the Principal Types]364-382
§ 2. [Ruins of Staged Towers]382-391
§ 3. [Subordinate Types of the Temple]391-398

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATES.
I. [Babil]To face page 154
II. [Rectangular Chaldæan temple]370
III. [Square double-ramped Chaldæan temple]378
IV. [Square Assyrian temple]380
FIG. PAGE
1. [Brick from Erech]24
2. [Fragment of an inscription engraved upon the back of a statue from Tello]25
3. [Seal of Ourkam]38
4. [Genius in the attitude of adoration]42
5. [Assurbanipal at the chase]45
6. [Demons]61
7. [Demons]62
8. [Eagle-headed divinity]63
9. [Anou or Dagon]64
10. [Stone of Merodach-Baladan I]73
11. [Assyrian cylinder]74
12. [Assyrian cylinder]74
13. [Gods carried in procession]75
14. [Gods carried in procession]76
15. [Statue of Nebo]81
16. [Terra-cotta statuette]83
17. [A Chaldæan cylinder]84
18. [The winged globe]87
19. [The winged globe with human figure]87
20. [Chaldæan cylinder]95
21. [Chaldæan cylinder]95
22. [The King Sargon and his Grand Vizier]97
23. [The suite of Sargon]99
24. [The suite of Sargon]101
25. [Fragment of a bas-relief in alabaster]105
26. [Bas-relief of Tiglath Pileser II]106
27. [Feast of Assurbanipal]107
28. [Feast of Assurbanipal]108
29. [Offerings to a god]109
30. [Convoy of prisoners]111
31. [Convoy of prisoners]112
32. [Babylonian brick]118
33. [Brick from Khorsabad]119
34. [Temple]128
35. [Tell-Ede, in Lower Chaldæa]129
36. [Haman, in Lower Chaldæa]131
37. [Babil, at Babylon]135
38. [A fortress]138
39. [View of a town and its palaces]140
40. [House in Kurdistan]141
41. [Temple on the bank of a river, Khorsabad]142
42. [Temple in a royal park, Kouyundjik]143
43. [View of a group of buildings, Kouyundjik]145
44. [Plan of angle, Khorsabad]147
45. [Section of wall through AB in Fig. 44]147
46. [Elevation of wall, Khorsabad]148
47. [Section in perspective through the south-western part of Sargon's palace at Khorsabad]149
48. [Temple at Mugheir]154
49. [Upper part of the drainage arrangements of a mound]159
50. [Present state of one of the city gates, Khorsabad]161
51. [Fortress; from the Balawat gates, in the British Museum]164
52. [The palace at Firouz-Abad]170
53. [The palace at Sarbistan]170
54. [Section through the palace at Sarbistan]171
55. [Restoration of a hall in the harem at Khorsabad]174
56. [Royal tent, Kouyundjik]175
57. [Tent, Kouyundjik]175
58. [Interior of a Yezidi house]178
59. [Fortress]180
60. [Crude brick construction]181
61. [Armenian "lantern"]183
62-65. [Terra-cotta cylinders in elevation, section and plan]184
66. [Outside staircases in the ruins of Abou-Sharein]191
67. [Interior of the royal tent]193
68. [Tabernacle; from the Balawat gates]194
69. [The seal of Sennacherib]196
70. [Type of open architecture in Assyria]197
71. [Homage to Samas or Shamas]203
72. [Sheath of a cedar-wood mast, bronze]205
73. [Interior of a house supported by wooden pillars; from the gates of Balawat]206
74. [Assyrian capital, in perspective]207
75. [Capital; from a small temple]209
76. [View of a palace]210
77. [Capital; from a small temple]212
78. [Capital]212
79. [Chaldæan tabernacle]212
80. [Ivory plaque found at Nimroud]212
81. [The Tree of Life]213
82. [Ornamental base, in limestone]214
83. [Model of a base, side view]215
84. [The same, seen from in front]215
85. [Winged Sphinx carrying the base of a column]216
86. [Façade of an Assyrian building]216
87, 88. [Bases of columns]217
89. [Tomb-chamber at Mugheir]222
90. [Interior of a chamber in the harem of Sargon's palace at Khorsabad]225
91. [Return round the angle of an archivolt in one of the gates of Dour-Saryoukin]227
92. [Drain at Khorsabad, with pointed arch]229
93. [Sewer at Khorsabad, with semicircular vault]232
94. [Sewer at Khorsabad, with elliptical vault]233
95. [Decorated lintel]238
96. [Sill of a door, from Khorsabad]240
97. [Bronze foot, from the Balawat gates, and its socket]243
98, 99. [Assyrian mouldings. Section and elevation]245
100. [Façade of a ruined building at Warka]246
101. [Decoration of one of the harem gates, at Khorsabad]247
102. [View of an angle of the Observatory at Khorsabad]249
103. [Lateral façade of the palace at Firouz-Abad]251
104. [Battlements from an Assyrian palace]251
105. [Battlements from the Khorsabad Observatory]252
106. [Battlements of Sargon's palace at Khorsabad]255
107. [Altar]255
108. [Altar in the Louvre]256
109. [Altar in the British Museum]257
110. [Stele from Khorsabad]258
111. [The obelisk of Shalmaneser II. in the British Museum]258
112. [Rock-cut stele from Kouyundjik]259
113. [Fragment from Babylon]263
114. [Human-headed lion]267
115. [Bas-relief with several registers]269
116. [Ornament painted upon plaster]275
117. [Ornament painted upon plaster]275
118. [Ornament painted upon plaster]276
119. [Plan and elevation of part of a façade at Warka]278
120. [Cone with coloured base]279
121, 122. [Rosettes in glazed pottery]290
123. [Detail of enamelled archivolt]291
124. [Detail of enamelled archivolt]292
125. [Enamelled brick in the British Museum]293
126. [Ornament upon enamelled brick]294
127. [Fragment of a glazed brick]295
128. [Fragment of a glazed brick]297
129. [Ivory tablet in the British Museum]301
130. [Fragment of an ivory tablet]301
131. [Threshold from Kouyundjik]303
132. [Rosette]304
133. [Bouquet of flowers and buds]305
134. [Painted border]306
135. [Fragment of a threshold]306
136. [Door ornament]307
137. [Palmette]308
138. [Goats and palmette]308
139. [Winged bulls and palmette]309
140. [Stag upon a palmette]310
141. [Winged bull upon a rosette]311
142. [Stag, palmette, and rosette]311
143. [Plan of a temple at Mugheir]312
144. [Plan of the town and palace of Sargon at Khorsabad]313
145. [General plan of the remains at Nimroud]314
146. [Bronze statuette]316
147. [Bronze statuette]317
148. [Bronze statuette]318
149. [Terra-cotta cone]319
150. [Terra-cotta cylinder]320
151. [The transport of a bull]324
152. [Putting a bull in place]326
153. [Chaldæan plan]327
154. [Assyrian plan; from the Balawat gates in the British Museum]329
155. [Plan and section of a fortress]329
156. [Plan, section, and elevation of a fortified city]330
157. [Plan and elevation of a fortified city]331
158. [Fortress with its defenders]333
159, 160. [Vases]342
161. [Plaque of chiselled bronze. Obverse]350
162. [Plaque of chiselled bronze. Reverse]351
163. [Tomb at Mugheir]357
164. [Tomb at Mugheir]358
165. [Tomb at Mugheir]358
166. [Tomb, or coffin, at Mugheir]359
167. [Map of the ruins of Mugheir]362
168. [View of the Birs-Nimroud]367
169-171. [Longitudinal section, plan, and horizontal section of the rectangular type of Chaldæan temple]370
172. [Map of Warka, with its ruins]371
173. [Type of square, single-ramped Chaldæan temple]375
174-176. [Transverse section, plan, and horizontal section of a square, single-ramped, Chaldæan temple]377
177-179. [Transverse section, plan, and horizontal section of a square, double-ramped Chaldæan temple]378
180-182. [Square Assyrian temple. Longitudinal section, horizontal section, and plan]380
183. [Map of the ruins of Babylon]383
184. [Actual condition of the so-called Observatory, at Khorsabad]387
185. [The Observatory restored. Elevation]388
186. [The Observatory restored. Plan]389
187. [The Observatory. Transverse section through AB]390
188. [Plan of a small temple at Nimroud]393
189. [Plan of a small temple at Nimroud]393
190. [Temple with triangular pediment]394
TAIL-PIECES, &c.
[Lion's head, gold (French National Library)]Title-page
[Lion's head, glazed earthenware (Louvre)]113
[Two rabbits' heads, ivory (Louvre)]334
[Cow's head, ivory (British Museum)]363
[Eagle, from a bas-relief (British Museum)]398