Thomas Jefferson, the Apostle of Americanism

by Gilbert Chinard

INDEX

Absolutism, evils of, [203]
Adams, Abigail, Jefferson shops for, [160];
the "New England Juno", [323];
and Jefferson, [382], [383], [386], [518], [519]
Adams, Henry, his criticism of Jefferson's conduct of foreign affairs, [409], [440], [441], [453], [459], [460], [464]
Adams, John, Jefferson's correspondence with, [23], [482], [490], [503], [512], [517], [521], [526], [529];
his first impression of Jefferson, [59];
on committee of Continental Congress appointed to answer Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", [62];
assists in framing resolution instructing colonies to form governments, [66];
his part in Declaration of Independence, [69], [70];
on committee to suggest United States seal, [86];
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of Commerce with foreign nations, [152], [162];
his wines, [160];
in favor of loose association of States, [196];
and the Barbary pirates, [206];
Jefferson gives estimate of, [248];
his quarrel with Jefferson, [259-261];
reëlection of, as Vice-President, [273];
elected President, [319];
attempts reconciliation with Jefferson, [321], [322], [325];
inaugural address, [321], [322];
not a party man or party leader, [323];
a complicated and contradictory figure, [323];
action in XYZ case, [325], [331], [336-338], [348], [355];
nominated for Presidency in 1800, [362];
changes in his Cabinet, [368];
in election of 1800, [367-369];
"midnight" appointments, [373], [374];
refuses to welcome successor, [375];
reconciliation with Jefferson, [518], [519];
his study of religious controversies, [522];
on life, [527]
Adams, John Quincy, removed from office by Jefferson, [382], [383]
Adams, Samuel, [359], [361]
Addison, Judge, deposition of, by Senate of Pennsylvania, [384]
Albemarle resolutions, [45-47]
Alexander I of Russia, [448]
Algiers, [206]
Alien Bills, [340], [342-347]
Aliens, their right to hold real property denied, [151]
Allen, Ethan, declaration concerning, drafted by Jefferson, [65]
American civilization, underlying ideas of, [85].
American imperialism, [398-400]
American public education, first charter of, [95-100]
American Revolution, remonstrance in House of Burgesses, [38];
articles of association directed against British merchandise, [38];
as to causes of, [42];
effect of passage of Boston Port Bill, in Virginia, [43], [44];
proposal to form Congress, [44];
declaration of mutual defence, [45];
resolutions adopted by freeholders of Albemarle County, Va., [45-47];
resolutions adopted by Assembly of Fairfax County, [45-47];
regulation of American commerce, [46];
doctrine of expatriation, [47], [50];
first Continental Congress, [54];
second Continental Congress, [59];
Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition" answered, [62];
independence not at first aimed at, [63-65];
colonies instructed to form governments, [66];
Declaration of Independence, [69-71];
treatment of prisoners in, [109-112].
See also British colonies
Americanism, cardinal principles of, [52], [61];
creed of, formulated by Jefferson, [62], [120];
Jefferson's conception of, when he wrote "Notes on Virginia", [136];
practical idealism a tenet of, [275];
pure, [334], [335];
definition of, [352];
Jefferson's system of, [423], [428], [468]

Armstrong, Gen. John, American representative in Paris, [462]
Arnold, Benedict, [108]
"Arrears of Interest, Report on", Jefferson, [146]
Articles of Confederation, discussion of, in Congress, [80];
defects in, [145], [146], [195], [197]
"Assumption" of the State debts, [250-255]
Aurora, journal, [311], [313], [343], [354]
Austin, Benjamin, [491]
Bache's Aurora, [311], [313], [343], [356]
Balance of power, [476]
Bank Bill, Hamilton's, [255-258]
Bannister, J. B., Jr., letter to, [172]
Barbary pirates, [205-207], [428], [443]
Barbé-Marbois, secretary of French legation in United States, [118], [414]
Bastille, capture of, [235]
Bayard, James A., nominated plenipotentiary to French Republic, [373], [374]
Bellini, letter to, [173]
Berlin Decree, [450]
Beveridge, Albert J., his "Life of Marshall", [384], [385], [434]
Bill for a General Revision of the Laws, Virginia, [90]
Bill for Amending the Charter for William and Mary, [98], [99], [105], [106]
Bill for Proportioning Crimes and Punishments, Virginia, [93-95]
Bill for Religious Freedom, Virginia, [89], [100-103], [106], [365]
Bill for the more General Diffusion of Knowledge, Virginia, [95-99], [105], [505], [508]
Bill of Rights, [198-201], [204]
Bill on the Naturalization of Foreigners, [89]
Bill to Abolish Entails, Virginia, [88], [89]
Bingham, Mrs., [160]
Bishop, Samuel, appointed collector of New Haven, [381]
Blennerhasset, Harman, and the Burr conspiracy, [431], [432]
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, his influence on Jefferson, [21], [23], [26], [31]
Bollman, and the Burr conspiracy, [432], [433]
Bonaparte, his projected invasion of England, [336];
Jefferson's opinion of, [359], [475], [476];
precedent established by, [360]
Boston Port Bill, [43]
Brazil, [483]
Breckenridge, James, on board of visitors of University of Virginia, [509]
Breckenridge, John, letters to, [370], [371], [416]
British colonies, contractual theory of government of, [45], [46];
regulation of commerce of, [46], [47];
rights of, [48-53].
See also American Revolution
Brunswick, Duke of, defeat, [273]
Buchan, Lord, letter to, [444]
Budget, presented by Jefferson, [146]
Buffon, G. L. L. de, theory of, concerning
animals in America, [121], [122]
Burke, "History of Virginia", [12], [515]
Burlamaqui, Jean Jacques, quotation from, [73]
Burnaby, English tourist, quoted on Virginia colonists, [42]
Burr, Col. Aaron, letters to, [332], [354];
nominated for Vice-Presidency (1800), [362];
in the 1800-election, [369-373];
his presence in government an annoyance to Jefferson, [382];
conspiracy, [429-439];
duel with Hamilton, [431]
Burwell, Rebecca, and Jefferson, [16], [17]
Cabanis, P. J. G., [161];
letter to, [422]
Cabell, Joseph C., [507];
on board of visitors of University of Virginia, [509];
letters to, [512]
Cabell, Gov. William H., [451]
Cabinet, the President's, in Washington's time, [247];
Adams's, [322], [323], [368];
relation to President, [392]
Callender, [356], [427];
employed by Jefferson, [361];
Jefferson's interest in, [363];
his pamphlet, "The Prospect Before Us" ("History of the Administration of John Adams"), [382]
Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, [178], [182]
Calvinism, [522]
Canning, George, [453]
Capital, of United States, seat of, [252], [253]
Capitol, at Washington, the new, question of putting inscription on, [479]
Caracas, constitution of, [498]
Carleton, Guy, governor of Canada, [111]
Carmichael, [198], [211], [226], [263], [276], [288]

Carr, Dabney, death, [40], [41]
Carr, Peter, [21], [175]
Carrington, Edward, letters to, [196], [213], [219]
Carthagenes, constitution of, [498]
Cary, Col. Archibald, [139]
Ceres, sailing-vessel, [153], [159]
Champion de Cicé, Archbishop of Bordeaux, [235]
Charlottesville, Va., war prisoners at, [109]
Chase, Judge Samuel, impeachment of, [387-389]
Chastellux, Chevalier de, friend of Jefferson, [154]
Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [451-453]
Church, Mrs., [298], [299]
Church of England, in Virginia, [90], [103]
Cincinnati, Society of the, [152], [306]
Clay, Rev. Mr. Charles, subscription for support of, [103-105]
Clinton, George, Vice-President, [395], [463], [464]
Cocke, J. H., on board of visitors of University of Virginia, [509]
Collot, Gen., [402]
Colvin, J. B., letter to, [469]
Comité du Commerce, [178], [183]
Commerce, one of the great causes of war, [83];
Treaty of, [143], [144];
Gallo-American, [181-184];
Report of Jefferson on Privileges and Restrictions of, [302]
Commercial monopolies, [151], [152]
Commercial treaties, [149-152]
Committees of safety, [54]
Confederation, Treaty of Commerce, [143], [144];
defects in, [145], [146], [195], [197];
monetary system, [146], [147];
new States, [148];
slavery, [148], [149];
hereditary titles, [148], [149];
commercial treaties, [149-152].
See also Articles of Confederation; United States
Congress, first proposal for, [44].
See also Continental Congress
Congressional election, see Election
Congressional Library, destroyed by English, [476]
Constitution of United States, [195-202]
Continental Congress, First, [54], [83];
Second, [59];
of the Confederation, [143-152]
Contraband, [151], [152], [422], [423]
Cooper, Thomas, [510];
letters to, [492], [512], [521]
Coray, Mr., [516]
Corny, M. de, [234]
Corny, Madame de, [161], [245], [246], [274], [298], [299]
Correa de Serra, [484], [516]
Coxe, Tench, letters to, [304], [371], [372]
Crawford, Dr. John, letter to, [480]
Crimes and punishments, in Virginia, [93-95]
Cuba, [470], [485]
Cutting, letter to, [225]
Dalrymple, Sir John, his "Essay Towards a General History of Feudal Property", [30]
Dandridge, Mr., [14]
Danville, Duchesse, [274]
Deane, Silas, quoted on Southern delegates to first Continental Congress, [42];
elected commissioner to France, [87]
Dearborn, Henry, Secretary of War in Jefferson's Cabinet, [374]
Debts of United States, foreign, domestic, and State, [250-255], [258]
"Déclaration Européenne des droits de l'homme et du citoyen", Lafayette, [232-234]
Declaration of Independence, the story of, [69-71];
origin of, [71-74], [77];
as literature, [72];
"the pursuit of happiness" in, [75-76];
highest achievement of eighteenth-century philosophy, [76];
suggests tone of Greek tragedy, [77]
Declaration of Rights of 1774, [73]
Declaration on Violation of Rights, adopted by First Continental Congress, [83]
Dejean, Lieut., [111]
Democrat, sailing-vessel, [294]
Democratic societies, [306], [334]
De Moustier, letter to, [254]
Destutt de Tracy, A. L. C., meeting with Jefferson, [161];
letter to, [484];
his "Political Economy", [495];
living embodiment of political faith of nineteenth century, [514]
Dexter, Samuel, Secretary of War in Adams's Cabinet, [368];
Secretary of the Treasury in Adams's Cabinet, [374]
Dickinson, John, in Continental Congress, [60];
letter of, [361]

Dictator, proposition for appointment of, [127], [128]
Douglas, Dr., clergyman, [5], [20]
Duane, William, flogged, [355];
letter to, [475]
Dumas, financial agent of the United States at the Hague, [185], [187], [197], [209], [252], [253], [289]
Dunbar, William, discussions with Jefferson, [371]
Dunglison, Dr., on visitors at Monticello, [516];
on Jefferson's religious belief, [520];
his account of Jefferson's death, [531]
Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, governor of Virginia, [43], [44], [54], [55], [66]
Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre S., Jefferson's association with, [215];
his "Plan of a National Education", [358], [506], [507], [512];
theories and practice of, [395];
correspondence with Jefferson, [405-409], [411], [414], [415], [420], [452], [471], [478], [493], [497], [498], [514];
and the Louisiana problem, [407-409], [412-415];
never fully understood Jefferson, [496];
draws up plan of government for the "Equinoctial republics", [498];
living embodiment of political faith of nineteenth century, [513], [514]
Edwards, Jonathan, [430]
Election, of 1792, [272], [273];
of 1796, [316-319];
of 1800, [363-373];
of 1804, [389], [395]
Ellsworth, Oliver, appointed Plenipotentiary to France, [355]
Embargo of 1807, [428], [456-462], [470], [471]
"Encyclopédie Méthodique", [160], [214]
English, their monopoly of the American market, [326], [327]
Entails, abolished in Virginia, [88], [89]
Epicurism, [521]
Eppes, Mrs., sister of Mrs. Jefferson, [153]
Equinoctial republics, [498]
Essex case, [447]
Estaing, Admiral d', [206]
Euripides, [22], [24]
Eustis, Dr. William, letter to, [461]
Excise tax, [254], [255], [393];
revolt against (Whisky Insurrection), [305], [306];
Jefferson's bitterness against, [306], [307]
Expatriation, doctrine of, [47], [50], [89], [107]
Fairfax resolutions, [45-48]
Farmers-general, [177-181]
Farming taxes, [177-181]
Fauquier, Dr., of Floirac, [12]
Fauquier, Gov. Francis, his intimacy with Jefferson, [12], [13]
Federal Government, prerogatives of, [83]
Federalist, the, [200]
Federalists, their power broken, [355], [362];
in election of 1800, [367-373], [389];
in Jefferson's administration, [380], [381]
Feudal system, abolishment of, in Virginia, [88], [89]
Fleming, William, letters to, [78], [79];
on committee on religion, [89]
Florida, Western and Eastern, [445], [446]
Foster, Dwight, Senator, makes offer to Jefferson, [373]
Fox blockade,

[450]
France, educational system of, [98];
colonizing designs of, feared, [207];
difficulties with, [288], [323-325], [331-342], [440], [447-462].
See also French Revolution
Franklin, Benjamin, on committee of Continental Congress appointed to answer Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", [62];
his part in Declaration of Independence, [69], [70];
on committee to suggest United States seal, [86];
elected commissioner to France, [87];
Jefferson's view of, [122];
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of commerce, [152], [162];
interview with Jefferson, [247]
Franklin, William Temple, papers entrusted to, by Benjamin Franklin, [247]
Free ports, [182]
Freedom of speech, [427]
Freedom of the press, importance of, [203], [427]
Freedom of thought, Jefferson's understanding of, [103]
Freeholders, rights of, [52]
French constitution, [143]
French debt, of United States, [176], [177], [181], [182], [184-193]
French Revolution, Declaration of June 23, 1793, [76];
Declaration of May 29, 1793, [82];
Assembly of the Notables, [219-222], [225];
convocation of States-General, [227], [229];
National Assembly, [231], [232];
capture of the Bastille, [235];
defeat of Duke of Brunswick, [273];
becomes international issue, [279];
flight of king, [282];
execution of king, [287]
Freneau, Philip, his paper, the National Gazette, [261-263], [269]
Fry, Joshua, professor in William and Mary College, [5]
Gallatin, Albert, defies excise law, [305];
speech of, [311];
letter to, [480]
Gates, Horatio, letters to, [416], [445]
Gazette of the United States, attacks Jefferson, [268], [269]
Geismer, Baron de, [110], [163]
Generations of men, rights of, [234]
Genêt, Citizen Edmond C., the case of, [288-297]
Gerry, Elbridge, letters to, [325], [351-353];
appointed envoy extraordinary to France, [333]
Ghent, Treaty of, [485]
Giles, William B., and Jefferson, [311];
letters to, [307], [309], [436]
Gilmer, Francis Walker, and Jefferson, [253];
sent to England to recruit faculty for University of Virginia, [511]
"Government by the people", [237]
Granger, Gideon, letter to, [363]
Great Britain, United States debt to, [186-193];
her hatred of United States, [208], [209];
and France, war between, [288], [440], [447-462];
her navy, policies of, in regard to contraband and impressment, [422], [423]
Greene, William, letter to, [356]
Hamilton, Alexander, quarrel with Jefferson, [127], [255-258], [263], [265], [266], [268-271];
Secretary of the Treasury, [247];
Jefferson gives estimate of, [248];
Reports of, [249];
his Bank Bill, [255-257];
his actions supported by Washington, [271];
attitude toward England, [290];
and Whisky Insurrection, [306];
would encourage American manufactures, [327], [443];
his plans of administrative reorganization, [349], [350];
in election campaign of 1800, [367], [368];
duel with Burr, [431]
Hamilton, Gov., of Kaskakias, [111]
Hammond, George, British minister to United States, [291], [292]
Hardy, Samuel, delegate to Congress from Virginia, [140]
Harrison, Gov., letters to, [145], [415]
Hawkesbury, Lord, [402], [404]
Hawkins, Col. Benjamin, discussions with Jefferson, [358];
letter to, [364]
Hay, George, [436]
Helvétius, Madame, [161], [215]
Henry, Patrick, and Jefferson, [14], [15], [26], [27], [37], [63];
his study of the law, [28];
after passage of Boston Port Bill, [43];
and Jefferson's "Summary View", [47];
speech at second Virginia Convention, [54];
opposes Bill to Abolish Entails, [89];
seconds motion for appointment of dictator, [127];
appointed Plenipotentiary to France, [355]
Hereditary titles, in the Confederation, [148], [149]
Hervey, John, guardian of Jefferson, [8]
Hobbes, Thomas, [82]
Holland, United States debt to, [187-193]
Hopkinson, Francis, [200]
Hopkinson, Mrs., [153]
Houdetot, Madame d', [161], [274]
Howe, Lord, negotiations of Franklin with, [247]
Howick, Lord, [450]
Humboldt, Baron Alexander von, letter to, [481]
Humphreys, Col. David, secretary of legation in Paris, [153], [159], [223], [228]
Immigration, Jefferson's views of, [123-125]
Impeachment, the Republican understanding of, [385], [387]
"Implied powers", doctrine of, [256]
Impressment, of British sailors on neutral vessels, [423];
an issue of the War of 1812, [478]
Income tax, [494]
Indians, [7];
study of customs and languages of, [99];
atrocities of, in American Revolution, [111];
eloquence of, [121];
affairs of, treated in Jefferson's second inaugural, [425-427]
Industrialism, dangers of, [492]
Isham, Mary, [3]
Jackson, Andrew, [431]
Jacobins, see Republicans

Jay, John, letters to, [223], [224], [231], [234], [236], [239].
See also Jay treaty
Jay, Gov. John, letter to, [491]
Jay treaty, [305], [307], [308], [316], [324]
Jefferson, Lucy Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, [139];
death, [163]
Jefferson, Martha, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, her account of Mrs. Jefferson's death, [138];
date of birth, [139];
accompanies father to Europe, [153], [159];
marriage, [246];
at Monticello, [300];
Jefferson's farewell message to, [532]
Jefferson, Mary, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, [139], [161];
joins father in Paris, [163]
Jefferson, Peter, father of Thomas Jefferson, [4], [5]
Jefferson, Mrs. Peter, see Randolph, Jane
Jefferson, Thomas, birth, [3];
ancestry and parentage, [3-5];
"Autobiography", see below;
schooling, [5-7];
early reading, [6];
life at Shadwell, [6-8];
at William and Mary College, [8-17];
oratorical ambitions, [14];
influence of Patrick Henry upon, [14], [15], [26], [27], [37];
love episode with Rebecca Burwell, [16-18];
commonplace books, [19], see also below;
change in religious belief, [19-24];
distrust of women, [22];
his system of morality, [24-26], see also Morality;
influence of Greek Stoics upon, [26];
studies law, [27-31];
his revindication of the Saxon liberties, [31], [32];
his acquaintance with languages and books, [33];
practices law, [34], [36];
life as farmer at Shadwell, [34], [35];
his "Garden Books", [35], [39];
his scorn of rhetoric, [36], [37];
character of his mind, [37];
in House of Burgesses, [38];
his library, [39];
marriage, [39], [40];
life at Monticello, [41];
after passing of Boston Port Bill, [43], [44];
his declaration of mutual defence, [45];
writes Albemarle resolutions, [45-47];
his doctrine of expatriation, [47], [50], [89], [107];
drafts instructions to Virginia delegates to first Continental Congress, [47], [53];
his "A Summary View of the Rights of British America", [48-53];
his discussion of land tenures, [49];
speaks as pioneer, [52], [53];
in second Virginia Convention, [54];
delegate to second Continental Congress, [54], [55], [64];
his part of "Declaration of the Cause of Taking Up Arms", [59-62];
his answer to Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", [62];
influence of Greek and Latin orators on his style, [63];
his view of independence, [63-65];
his absence from Congress during preliminary steps to Declaration of Independence, [66];
appointed Lieutenant and Commander in chief of the Militia of the County of Albemarle, [66];
drafts constitution for Virginia, [66-69];
and the Declaration of Independence, [69-78];
resigns from Congress and enters Virginia Legislature, [78], [79];
his view of the social compact and liberty, [80-82], [85], [204], [365], [498];
his philosophy of natural and civil rights, [80-85], [106], [204], [346], [365];
his conception of state sovereignty, [82], [83];
his views on property, [84], [85];
his suggestion for United States seal, [86];
the source of his political philosophy, [87];
refuses post of commissioner to France, [87], [88];
birth of son, [88];
his part in revision of laws of Virginia, [88-103];
starts subscription for Rev. Charles Clay, [103-105];
his doctrine of government, [105-107];
as Governor of Virginia, [107-114];
his attitude toward British prisoners, [109-112];
a stern, but little observed, trait in his character, [111-113];
nearly taken by the British, [113];
charges against his conduct as governor, [114], [115];
impatient at public criticism, [115];
refuses new appointment to European post, [115], [116];
his determination to return to private life, [116-118], [153];
his description of natural scenery, [120], [121];
his studies in natural history, [121], [122];
his answer to Abbé Raynal, [122], [123];
his views on immigration, [123-125];
his combination of faith and pessimism in reference to government, [125], [126];
his view of the best government, [126], [127];
his opposition to dictator, [127], [128];
his belief in efficacy of universal suffrage, [129], [130];
his pessimism as regards human nature and human society, [130];
his views of slavery and the Negro, [131], see also Slavery;
his view of American civilization as agricultural, [132];
advises peace and preparedness, [133], [134];
his ideal picture of America, [135], [136];
death of his wife, [137], [138];
appointed Plenipotentiary to Europe, but appointment canceled, [139], [140];
delegate to Congress (June, 1782 to July 5, 1784), [140], [143-152];
founds American monetary system, [147];
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of commerce with foreign nations, [152];
his qualifications for European task, [153-155];
his quarters in Paris, [159];
his views of Paris, [160];
his friends and acquaintances at Paris, [161], [162];
rooms in Carthusian Monastery, [163];
his travels in Europe, [164-171];
advises against sending youth to Europe, [172];
compares Europe with America, [173-175];
his duties at Paris, [176];
and foreign debts, [176], [177], [181-193];
and the tobacco trade, [177-181];
his efforts to promote Gallo-American commerce, [181-184];
puts all questions on a practical basis, [194];
his views on the American Constitution, [195-202];
his political philosophy, [203-205];
his management of the problem of the Barbary pirates, [205-207];
his fear of French, English, and Spanish designs in New World, [207-211];
his belief in policy of isolation for United States, [211], [212];
originates policy of watchful waiting, [214];
his attitude toward French Revolution, [215-237];
draws up "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation", [230];
his emendations and corrections to Lafayette's "Déclaration Européenne des droits de l'homme et du citoyen", [232-234];
his house made the scene of French committee meeting, [235-237];
how far he believed in "government by the people", [237], [238];
on the French people, [238-240];
asserts one standard of morality for nations and individuals, [240], [241];
accepts post of Secretary of State, [245], [246];
pays respects to Franklin, [247];
the "Anas", [248], [251], [295], [515];
his attitude toward United States debts, [250-255];
quarrel with Hamilton, [255-258], [263], [265], [266], [268-271];
his opposition to Bank Bill, [255-258];
his theory of State rights, [257], [365];
his quarrel with Adams, [258-261];
reaches an impasse, [264];
his proposed changes in Virginia Constitution, [264], [265];
his indictment of Hamilton's system, [265-267];
urges Washington to run a second time for Presidency, [267];
attacked by Gazette of the United States, [268], [269];
becomes leader of new party, [269];
his fears of a monarchy, [271], [272], [344];
letters to French friends, [274];
his practical idealism, [275], [381], [382];
efforts to obtain New Orleans, [276-278];
becomes sympathetic with republican government in France, [278-280], [282], [285-287];
his efforts to obtain commercial privileges with West Indies, [280-282];
cautious in action, [283];
his principles as to recognition of foreign governments, [284], [286];
and the war between England and France, and Citizen Genêt, [287-297];
resigns Secretaryship, [297];
in retirement at Monticello, [298-320];
his admiration for Madame de Corny, [298], [299];
avoids politics, [299-303];
his Report on the Privileges and Restrictions of the Commerce of the United States, [302];
hopes for avoidance of war with Great Britain, [303-305];
views on current political events, [308-313];
writes indiscreet letter to Mazzei, [312], [333];
pen-portrait of, [314], [315];
chosen Vice-President, [320];
attempted reconciliation with Adams, [321], [322], [325];
desires peace with Europe, [324], [326], [337], [339], [343];
his "Parliamentary Manual", [325];
his view of manufactures, [327], [329];
forms certain political conclusions, [334], [335];
his self-mastery, [339], [340];
opposed to break in the Union, [340], [341];
newspaper war against, [341], [343];
his share in Kentucky and Virginia nullification resolutions, [345];
luminous exposition of his doctrine (program of the Democratic party), [351], [352];
as political leader, [352-362];
nominated for Presidency (1800), [362];
in the campaign, [363-368];
in the election, [368-373];
inauguration, [375];
inaugural address, [379];
his removals from office, [380], [381];
his attack on the judiciary, [383-390], [436];
reëlected (1804), [389], [395];
convinced of the evil of the intrusion of churches into politics, [390];
hostility to, [390], [391];
his relation to Cabinet members, [392];
his reform in financial system of United States, [393];
his attitude toward agriculture and manufactures, [394], [395];
his imperialist views, [398-400], [449];
and Louisiana Purchase, [405-421];
sends Lewis on Western exploring expedition, [421], [422];
his policy in war between England and France, [424], [440], [441], [444], [447-462];
his second inaugural address, [425-428], [442];
the ordeal of his second term, [428], [429];
inconsistency of his conduct in Burr case, [437-439];
tries to obtain the Floridas, [445], [446];
offers alliance with England, [446];
writes to Alexander of Russia concerning rights of neutrals, [448];
imperialistic proposition of, [449];
his letters, [468], [514], [516];

his views of Executive and Congress, [468-470];
opposed to English mercantilism, [471];
his detestation of English policies and rulers, [470-473];
his ideas on War of 1812, [473-478];
offers library to Congress, [477];
his feeling for England as distinguished from English government, [479];
opinions on affairs of Europe and South America, [479-486];
and the Monroe Doctrine, [483], [486-488];
formulates the gospel of American democracy, [489];
economic and banking theories of, [490-496];
his view of best government for France, [496], [497];
his theory of the function of the people in a democracy, [499-502];
sees germs of national weakness in United States government, [502-505];
his services to education (University of Virginia), [505-512];
his interests, [514-516];
his conclusion on the future of democracy, [517];
reconciliation with Adams, [518], [519];
his later religious views, [519-528];
his faith in ultimate recognition of ideals, [528], [529];
his last years and death, [529-532]
"Autobiography", references to, [4], [53], [80], [88], [91], [93], [105], [108], [148], [236];
quoted on proposal for Congress, [44];
on expatriation, [47];
on Jefferson's retirement from Congress, [79];
on simplification of statutes, [92];
on self-government of the people, [106];
on method of composition used in "Notes on Virginia", [119];
on attendance at Congress, [143];
on Committee of Congress, [145];
on Jefferson's duties in Paris, [176];
picture of events preceding French Revolution in, [224];
on refusal of invitation to attend meeting of French committee, [235];
the writing of, [515]
"Commonplace Book", [19], [39];
law matters in, [28-30];
provincialism in, [32];
Kames quoted in, [45], [84];
on rights of Dominion of Virginia, [46];
passages from James Wilson in, [73];
Montesquieu and Beccaria copied in, [94];
extracts on history of Common Law in, [101];
on death, [530], [531];
other references to, [47], [49]
"Literary Bible", [19], [21], [22], [25], [26], [41];
provincialism in, [32];
Milton in, [40]
"Notes on Virginia", references to, [69], [98], [100], [101], [103], [153], [164], [169], [171], [215], [425], [508];
publication of, [118-120];
contents of, [120-136];
memorandum on new constitution for Virginia in, [141];
on value of education, [505]
Jones, Prof. Hugh, his description of Williamsburg, [8]
Jones, Paul, [207]
Jones, Dr. Walter, letter to, [499]
Journal de Paris, imprisonment of chief editor of, [217]
Judiciary, assault on, under Jefferson, [383-390], [436]
Judiciary Act of 1801, repeal of, [384]
Kaims (Kames), Henry Home, Lord, his "Historical Law Tracts", [29], [30];
on mutual defence, [45];
his distinction of "property" and "possession", [84], [85];
referred to, [304]
Kant, Immanuel, criterium of, [525]
Keith, Mary, wife of Thomas Marshall, [4]
Kentucky nullification resolutions, [345-347]
Kercheval, Samuel, letter to, [234], [504]
King, Rufus, [402-405], [408]

Knox, Gen. Henry, Secretary of War under Washington, [247]
Kosciusko, [516]
Lafayette, Marquis de, his plan for a "declaration of the rights of man and the citizen", [76];
sent to arrest Arnold, [108];
friend of Jefferson, [154];
his family and friends, [161];
and the tobacco monopoly, [177-179];
efforts of, in commercial transactions, [181], [182];
and the Barbary pirates, [206];
advice of Jefferson to, [220];
Jefferson sends "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation" to, [230];
letters of, [232];
his "Déclaration Européenne des droits de l'homme et du citoyen", [232-234];
brings about committee meeting in Jefferson's house, [236];
letters to, [274], [283];
living embodiment of political faith of nineteenth century, [514];
his final leave-taking of Jefferson, [531]
Lambert, British traveler, [460]
Lamothe, Lieut., [111]
Land Office, ordinance concerning establishment of, [149]
Land tenures, origin of, [49]
"La Peyrouse's voyage to the South Seas", [207]
La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, visits Monticello, [313-315], [327]
Latude, Jean Henri de, [219]
Law, Thomas, letters to, [478], [524]
Law, and free institutions, in Saxon society, [31], [32]
"Law of nature", [23]
League of Nations, [330]
Lee, Arthur, delegate to Congress from Virginia, [140]
Lee, C., appointed judge by Adams, [374]
Lee, F. L., of Virginia Assembly, [43]
Lee, Richard H., of Virginia Assembly, [43];
on committee of continental Congress appointed to answer Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", [62];
assists in framing resolution instructing colonies to form governments, [66];
mentioned, [79]
Lee, Thomas Ludwell, appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, [90-92]
Leib, Dr., [311], [343];
letter to, [458]
Lewis (Merriwether) and Clark (William) Expedition, [421], [422]
Liberty, Jefferson's definition of, [82]
Lincoln, Abraham, Gettysburg address, [77]
Little Sarah, British prize, [294]
Livingston, Edward, member of Congress from New York, [368]
Livingston, Robert R., on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, [69];
letters to, [362], [368], [419];
United States Minister to France, [374];
and Louisiana, [402-416]
Lobbying, [502]
Locke, John, his "Treatise on Civil Government", [30];
and the Declaration of Independence, [71], [72];
his hypothesis of society, [82], [84], [204]
Logan, Dr., idealistic pacifist, [341]
Logan Law, [350]
Louis XVI, Jefferson's pen-portrait of, [222], [229];
flight of, [282];
execution of, [287]
Louisiana Purchase, [393], [400-421]
"Louisianais", acceptance of, to citizenship, [423]
McGregory, letter to, [365]
McHenry, James, Secretary of War in Cabinets of Washington and Adams, [323], [336];
dismissed by Adams, [368]
Madison, Bishop, discusses religion with Jefferson, [358]
Madison, James, disapproves of Jefferson's determination to withdraw from public life, [117];
delegate to Congress, [140];
Jefferson's correspondence with, [198], [222], [231], [234], [239], [240], [291], [302], [303], [306], [307], [335], [337], [338], [347], [351], [355], [462], [468], [476];
urges Jefferson to accept post of Secretary of State, [246];
Jefferson's unofficial representative in Congress, [250], [251];
Bank Bill opposed by, [255];
speeches, [257];
his copy of "The Rights of Man", [258];
accompanies Jefferson on trip, [259];
objections to, as Minister to France, [321], [322];
envoy to France, [324];
silent on French dispute, [339];
recommends Virginia nullification resolutions, [345];
letter of, [411];
election of, to Presidency, [464];
on board of visitors to University of Virginia, [509]

Madrid, Treaty of, [403]
Mann, Thomas, letter to, [308]
Manufactures, Hamilton's Report on, [249], [266];
Hamilton's view of, [327];
Jefferson's view of, [327-329];
change in Jefferson's view of, [491], [492]
"Marbury versus Madison", [384], [385]
Marshall, John, ancestry, [3];
appointed envoy extraordinary to France, [333];
returns from France, [341];
Secretary of State in Adams's Cabinet, [368];
administers oath to Jefferson, [375];
head of Federalists, [381];
his decision in "Marbury versus Madison", [384], [385];
asserts power of Supreme Court to declare law unconstitutional, [385], [386];
findings of, in Burr conspiracy case, [433], [434], [436], [437];
his "History of Washington", [515]
Marshall, Thomas, family of, [4]
Martin, Luther, in Chase impeachment case, [389]
Mason, George, resolutions written by, [45], [46], [48];
"Virginia Bill of Rights" written by, [73];
appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, [90-93];
mentioned, [251]
Mason, John, letter to, [455]
Mason, Stephens Thompson, letter to, [344]
Mason, Thomas, [307]
Mathews, Col. George, [112]
Maury, James, letters to, [454], [473], [478]
Maury, Rev. Dr., schoolmaster, [6], [20], [63]
Mazzei, Philip, neighbor and friend of Jefferson, [35];
letters to, [321], [333], [391]
Mellish, John, traveler, [460]
Mercer, John F., delegate to Congress from Virginia, [140], [273]
Mexico, [481]
Middlemen, in tobacco trade, [177-181]
"Midnight judges", [373], [374], [385]
Milton, John, his accusations against female usurpations, [22];
quotation from, [40]
Mint, Hamilton's Report on Establishment of, [249]
Mississippi, navigation of, [276]
Missouri question, [502], [503]
Mitchell, Dr., unpublished letter to, [390]
Monocrats, [273], [306], [316]
Monroe, James, disapproves of Jefferson's determination to withdraw from public life, [117];
delegate to Congress from Virginia, [140];
Jefferson's correspondence with, [217], [251], [260], [290], [301-303], [316], [317], [354], [357], [363], [373], [399], [463], [485], [486];
on Washington's proclamation of neutrality, [293];
sent as special envoy to France to negotiate for Louisiana, [411], [413], [415], [416];
his fear of alliance of Great Britain and France against United States, [423];
negotiates, with Pinkney, treaty with England, [448-450];
considered for Presidency in 1808, [463], [464];
on board of visitors to University of Virginia, [509]
Monroe Doctrine, [483], [486-488]
Montaigne, M. E. de, [130]
Montesquieu, Baron de, [233]
Monticello, the building of, [34], [39];
life at, [41];
Jefferson in retirement at, [298-320];
a self-supporting economic unit, [327], [467];
visitors to, [515]
Montmorency, [234]
Montmorin, Minister, [220], [237], [274], [278]
Morality, and religion, [24], [25], [523-525];
test of, [525];
code of, [526]
Morellet, Abbé, translator of "Notes on Virginia", [118];
meets Jefferson, [161], [215]
Morocco, Emperor, treaty with, [312]
Morris, Gouverneur, his accusation against Jefferson, [224];
letters to, [254], [263], [286], [293], [294], [295];
Minister to France, [283];
letters from, [284];
conduct as Minister to France, [323];
offers to use political influence for Jefferson, [372]
Morris, Robert, Financier of U. S., [146], [179]
Mutual defence, [45], [84]
National Gazette, foundation of, [261-263]
Natural Bridge, description of, [120], [175]
Necker, Jacques, [229], [231]
Negro, Jefferson's view of status of, [131]
Nelson, Gen., elected governor of Virginia, [113]
Nelson, Thomas, Jr., letter to, [66]
Neutrality, Washington's proclamation of, [289], [293];
Jefferson's policy of, [424]
New Granada, constitution of, [498]
New London Bee, [368]
New Orleans, Jefferson's efforts to obtain, [276-278]

Nicholas, George, his charges against Jefferson, [114], [115], [127];
proposes dictator 127;
his share in Kentucky and Virginia nullification resolutions, [345]
Nicholas, Robert C., [28]
Nicholas, Wilson C., his share in Kentucky and Virginia nullification resolutions, [345];
refutes Federalists, [357]
Nicholson, Joseph N., member of Congress, [372]
Nock, A. J., historian of Jefferson, [457], [458]
Non-Intercourse Act, [461]
North, Lord, his "Conciliatory Proposition", [54];
Jefferson's answer to his "Conciliatory Proposition", [62]
Nullification resolutions, [345-347]
Ogden, John, arrest of, [354]
Ogilvie, James, [502]
Oratory, American school of, [388], [389]
Orders in Council (Nov. 11, 1807), [453], [457]
Otis, H. G., nominated District Attorney by Adams, [374]
Page, John, Jefferson's correspondence with, [15], [16], [19], [20], [38], [78], [166];
on committee on religion, [89]
Paine, Thomas, his "Common Sense", influence of, [60];
letter to, [227], [228];
his "The Rights of Man", [258-261];
Jefferson's regard for, resented, [390], [391]
Paradise, Comtesse Barziza, Lucy, [162]
Parsons, Theophilus, nominated Attorney-General, [373]
"Parson's Case", [15]
Patowmac River, [120]
Pendleton, Edmund, letters to, [78], [87], [88];
opposes Bill to Abolish Entails, [89];
appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, [90];
appeal of Jefferson to, [353];
congratulates Jefferson, [362]
Physiocrats, [142], [233], [328], [395], [471], [493-495], [498]
Pichon, French chargé at The Hague, [354];
Minister in Washington, [419]
Pickering, Judge, impeachment of, [384]
Pickering, Timothy, in Cabinets of Washington and Adams, [323], [336];
dismissed by Adams, [368]
Picket, F. J., of Geneva, [507]
Pinckney, Charles, Minister to Spain, [402];
letter to, [458]
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, his treatment by the French Directory, [324], [325], [331];
appointed envoy extraordinary to France, [333];
nominated for Vice-Presidency (1800), [362];
candidate for President (1808), [464]
Pinckney, Thomas, Minister to Great Britain, [290];
letter to, [331]
Pinkney, William, and Monroe, negotiate treaty with England, [448-450]
Politics, foreign and domestic, [248]
Presidential election, see Election
Priestley, Joseph, letters to, [358], [420], [517];
befriended by Jefferson, [366];
his "Hints Concerning Public Education", [506];
his treatise, "Of Socrates and Jesus compared", [526]
Privateering, [151], [152]
Privateers, outfitted and commissioned by Genêt, [291], [292]
"Proclamation announcing ratification of definitive treaties, Draft for", [144]
Property, the right to, [83-85], [233];
and possession, distinction between, [85]
Prospect, [361]
Protestants, edict on, [224]
Public opinion, [203], [204], [301], [429]
"Pursuit of happiness", as a right, [75], [76]
Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, Va., [9],

[17], [23], [44]
Randolph, Edmund, letters to, [115], [117], [254], [300];
Attorney-General under Washington, [247], [255], [256], [292];
opinion of, attacked by Jefferson, [309]
Randolph, Jane, mother of Thomas Jefferson, [3], [4];
death, [65], [78]
Randolph, John, [28];
removes to England, [63], [64], [107]
Randolph, John, of Roanoke, refutes Federalists, [356];
in Chase impeachment case, [389];
"Resolution" of, on judiciary, [390];
leader of discontented Republicans, [428];
his "Remonstrance of the people of Louisiana", [429];
his attacks on Madison, [439]
Randolph, Peyton, [28], [47], [63];
president of first Continental Congress, [54];
recalled from Congress, [54]

Randolph, Mrs. Sarah, her "Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson", [529]
Randolph, Thomas Mann, Jr., marries Martha Jefferson, [246];
letters to, [251], [262], [263], [293];
at Monticello, [301]
Randolph, William, [3]
Raynal, Abbé, his application of theory of Buffon to American settlers, [122];
answer of Jefferson to, [122], [123]
Religion, and morality, [24], [25], [523], [527]
Religious freedom, in Virginia, [89], [90], [100-103]
Republicans, in election of 1792, [273]
Richmond, Va., establishment of Free Public Library at, [99]
Riedesel, Maj.-Gen. Baron de, [110]
Rights, natural and civil, [80-85], [204], [233], [346]
Rochefoucauld, Comtesse de la, [162]
Rochefoucauld, Duc de La, [274]
Rodney, Caesar A., letter to, [469]
Rotation in office, [502]
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, his hypothesis of society, [82], [84];
on morality, [525]
Rush, Benjamin, [458];
deplores estrangement of Jefferson and Adams, [518];
Jefferson writes "Syllabus of an Estimate of the Merit of the Doctrines of Jesus, compared with those of others" for, [526], [527]
Rush, Richard, letter to, [489]
Rutledge, letters to, [225], [309], [317], [330], [334], [335]
Saint Étienne, Rabaud de, Jefferson sends "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation" to, [230]
San Ildefonso, Treaty of, [402]
Santo Domingo, and Government of the United States, [283], [285]
Sedgwick, Theodore, speaker of the House, [373]
Sedition Law, [342-347], [383]
Seward, W. W., letter to, [212]
Shadwell, Jefferson estate, [3], [7], [8], [28], [32], [34], [35];
burning of, [38], [39]
Shaw, Samuel, consul at Canton, [289]
Sherman, Roger, on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, [69]
"Shirt-sleeve" diplomacy, [178]
Short, William, private secretary of Jefferson, [153], [159];
studies French, [161];
correspondence with Jefferson, [275-277], [280], [282], [285], [288], [398], [462], [517], [521];
transferred to the Hague, [283];
rebuked by Jefferson, [286]
Skelton, Bathurst, [39]
Skelton, Martha, married to Jefferson, [39], [40];
death, [137], [138];
grave and inscription, [138]
Slavery, Jefferson's attitude toward, [119], [131], [142], [148], [152], [492], [503];
in the Confederation, [148], [149]
Small, Dr. William, professor in William and Mary College, his intimacy with Jefferson, [11-13], [63]
Smith, Rev. Cotton Mather, his accusation against Jefferson, [363]
Smith, James, letter to, [520]
Smith, Robert, Attorney-General, [437]
Smith, Samuel H., letters to, [343], [477]
Smith, Col. W. S., [287], [288]
Social compact, Jefferson's view of, [45], [46], [80-82], [85], [204], [365], [498]
Society, man and, conflict between, [107];
contractual and physiocratic doctrines of, [141], [142]
South America, see Spanish colonies
Spanish colonies in America, [209-211];
revolt of, [481-485]
Sprigg resolution, against war with France, [337], [338]
Staël, Madame de, Jefferson's correspondence with, [476]
State rights, Jefferson's theory of, [257], [365]
State sovereignty, Jefferson's conception of, [82], [83]
State universities, [512]
States, provision for new, [148], [149]
Stewart, Dugald, [5], [11]
Stoddart, Benjamin, Secretary of the Navy in Adams's Cabinet, [374]
Stuart, Archibald, [264]
Suffrage, universal, [129], [130];
limitation of, [499]
Sullivan, Francis Stoughton, his "An Historical Treatise of the Feudal Laws and the Constitution of the Laws of England", [30]
Supreme Court, Jefferson's attitude toward, [346];
Marshall's doctrine of the powers of, [385], [386]
Swartwout, and the Burr conspiracy, [432], [433]

Tariff, and the French debt, [181];
belief and practice in, [212], [213];
advocated by Jefferson's party, [394]
Tarleton, Col. Sir Bannastre, attempts to capture Legislature and Governor of Virginia, [113]
Taxation, forms of, [493], [494]
Taylor, John, letter to, [347];
efforts to secure appointment of dictator, [356]
Taylor, Keith, appointed judge by Adams, [374]
Tazewell, H., letter to, [308]
Ternant, French Minister to United States, [287], [290], [291]
Tessé, Madame de, [161], [170], [221];
correspondence with, [514]
Thomson, Charles, letter to, [530]
Ticknor, George, [510]
Tobacco monopoly, [177-181]
Tott, Madame de, [162]
"Transfers", problem of, [181]
Treaties, see Commercial treaties
Treaty of Alliance with France (1778), [211], [212]
Treaty of Commerce, with Great Britain, [143], [144]
Trial by jury, [237]
Tripoli, war with, [443]
Trist, Mrs., [163], [216], [530]
Unger, Louis de, German officer, [110]
Unitarianism, [520]
United States, suggestions for seal of, [86];
proclaimed as one nation, [144], [150];
establishment of monetary system of, [146], [147];
provision for new States, [148];
foreign debts, [176], [177], [181], [182], [184-193];
western lands, sale of, [188];
Constitution, [195-202];
desire of isolation, [211];
often accused of hypocrisy in foreign dealings, [213];
has tried to combine political aloofness and industrial and commercial development, [330];
relation to foreign nations, [396];
neutrality of, in war between England and France, [424], [440];
imports and exports of, at beginning of nineteenth century, [440];
population of, at beginning of nineteenth century, [441].
See also American Revolution; Articles of Confederation; Declaration of Independence; Louisiana Purchase
University of Geneva, [505]
University of Virginia, [509-512]
Vans Murray, American Minister at The Hague, [349], [354]
Vans Murray-Pichon papers, [354], [355]
Venable, [356]
Vergennes, Charles G., Count de, [178], [185], [206]
Virginia, family life in, before the Revolution, [4];
books in, [5];
religion in, [6];
plantation life in, [35], [41];
House of Burgesses, [38], [54];
temper of colonists of, [42];
Constitution (1776), drafted by Jefferson, [67-69];
revision of laws of, [88-107];
ideas on new constitution for, [140-143];
Jefferson proposes changes in constitution, [264].
See also American Revolution; Shadwell; Williamsburg
Virginia Bill of Rights, [73], [74], [76], [83], [100]
Virginia Convention, first, [47], [53];
second, [54]
Virginia nullification resolutions, [345-347]
Virginia Company of Comedians, [34]
Volney, Constantin F. C. B., Count de, [319], [339], [340], [366], [400], [401]
Walker, Col., guardian of Jefferson, [10], [11]
War of 1812, [473-478]
Washington, D. C., in 1800, [362]
Washington, George, presides over Assembly of Fairfax County, [45];
and Jefferson, differ as regards treatment of British prisoners, [112];
Jefferson's view of, [122], [139];
his wines, [160];
his Cabinet, [245-247];
urged by Jefferson to run a second time for Presidency, [267];
distressed at dissensions in Cabinet, [269];
supports Hamilton's actions, [271];
reëlection of, [272];
letter to, [304];
harsh words of Jefferson against, [311]
Watchful waiting, policy of, advocated by Jefferson, [214], [423], [452]
Watson, David, on board of visitors to University of Virginia, [509]
Wayles, John, father-in-law of Jefferson, [39]
West Indies, commerce with, [151], [280-282], [295], [329];
Jefferson opposed to change of ownership of, [303]

Western lands, sale of, [254]
Whisky Insurrection, [305], [306]
White House, burned by English, [476]
Wilkinson, James, and the Burr conspiracy, [429-435], [438]
William and Mary College, [8-11];
reorganization of, [98], [99];
transformation of, [358]
Williamsburg, Va., society in, [8], [9], [34]
Williamson, Hugh, discussions with Jefferson, [371]
Wilson, James, and the Declaration of Independence, [73], [76]
Wilson, Woodrow, political aloofness and industrial development conspicuous in his position, [330];
his phrase, "too proud to fight", [398];
neutrality of, [424];
his hope of preserving peace, [444];
his situation in 1914-1917 compared to that of Jefferson in 1808, [455], [456]
Wistar, Caspar, discussions with Jefferson, [371]
Wolcott, Oliver, Secretary of the Treasury under Washington and Adams, [323], [336]
Woodward, Augustus S., letter to, [521]
Wythe, George, professor in William and Mary College, and Jefferson, [12], [13], [27], [28], [34], [63];
appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, [90-93];
congratulates Jefferson, [362];
mentioned, [310], [325]
XYZ Case, [337].
See also France