An Introductorie for to Lerne to Read, To Pronounce, and to Speke French Trewly

by Giles Du Wés

THE PROLOGUE.

How beit that I do nat, nat knowe how that many as well lerned in good
Combien que ne ignore point que pluisieurs tant qualifiéz es bonnes
lettres as also well spoken in the frenche tonge (at the lest nat beyng
lectres come aussy élégant en la langue francoise (au moins pour non estre
naturall and borne of the lande and countrey) have composed, and written rules and
naturél et natif du territoire et pais) ont composés et escripz régles et
principles for introduction in the sayd tonge the whiche par aventure, as
principes pour introduction en la dicte langue les quelz peult estre, come
witnessed saint Hierome to Paulin, have tought before that they have ben
tiesmoigne saint Hierome a Paulin, ont ensegnés auant que auoir esté
conynge, for how beit that arte is folower of nature folowyng her right nygh,
scauantz, car ja soit que art soit imitatrice de nature lensuiuant de bien pres,

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yet neuerthelesse can nat she ouertake her. Wherfore the sayd composytours
sy ne la peult elle toutefois aconsuiuir. Pourquoy les ditz compilateurs
all togyder leanyng to the same ben by nature in sondrie places checked reproued
du tout adherens à icelle sont par nature en diuers lieux cancellés repris
and corrected. Shulde it nat seme a thynge selde and strange to se a Frenchman
et corrigéz. Ne sembleroit ce point chose rare et estrange ueoir ung Francois
endeuoir and inforce himself to teche unto the Germayns the langage of Almaine:
se ingerer et efforcer dapprendre aux Allemans la lange tyoise,
ye and that more over is, upon the same to compyle rules and principles, how beit
uoire et qui plus est, sur icelle composer régles et principes, combien
that agaynst me and my reason some body myght say, that one
que contre moy et ma rayson quelque ung pourroit dire que on
shulde fynde no body whiche shulde teche Hebreu, Greke, nor Laten, if it were nat
ne trouueroit ame qui ensegneroit Hebrieu, Grec, ne Latin, sil ne
laufull to any body so to do but to him which shulde have it of nature: to whom I
loisoit a auscun de ce faire sinon a celui qui laroit de nature: a quoy je
answere that it is another thyng to teche and instruct by the principles
respons que cest aultre chose densegnér et daprendre par les principes
and reules made by divers well expertz auctours, by great space and longe proces
et régles faictz par diuérs expertz aucteurs, par interualle et diuturnité
of longe tyme well approved, than at the fyrst metyng and nat havyng a
de long temps bien approuuéez, que de premiére abordée et nauoir ung
language but meanely and as a thynge borowed to be wyllyng by and by
langage que moienement et come par emprunt, en uoulloir cy pris cy mis,
nat only instructe the others, but also to compyle upon the same reules
non seullement ensegnér les aultres, mais aussy composér sur ce régles
certayne, the whiche doyng is nat graunted but unto ryght few of them whiche
infallibles, ce que scauoir faire nest ottroie a bien peu de ceulz qui
ben borne of the sayd langage, for touchyng my self to whom the sayd
sont mesme natif du dict langage, car touchant moy mesmes a qui la dicte
tonge is maternall or naturall, and whiche by the space of therty yeres
langue est maternelle ou naturelle, et qui par lespase de trente ans
and more have besyed me how beit that I am ryght ignorant, to teche
et plus me suis entremis (combien que soie tres ignorant) densegnér

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and instruct many great princes and princesses, as to decessed of
et apprendre pluisieurs grandz princes et princesses, comme a feu de
noble and recomended memory the prince Arthur, the noble kyng Henry
noble et recommandée memoire le prince Arthur, le noble roy Henry
for the present prosperously regnyng, to whom God gyve lyfe perpetuall:
pour le present prospereusement regnant, a qui Dieu doint uie perpetuelle:
the quenes of France and Scotlande, with the noble marquis of Excestre,
les roynes de France et dEscosse, auec le noble marquis dExcestre, etc.
for the whiche thynge to fulfyll I have done my power and dever to serche
pour la quelle chose accomplir jay fait mon pouoir et debuoir de perscruter
and seke all that which hath semed me to this purpose te serve: I have nat nevertheless
et cercher tout ce qui ma semblé a ce propos seruir: sy nay je toutesuois
founde rules infallybles, bycause that it is nat possyble to fynde any
peu trouvér régles infalibles, pour ce quil nest possible de telles les
suche, that is to say, suche whiche may serve without any faulte, as do
trouuer, cest a dire, telles que puissent seruir infalliblement, comme font
the rules compiled for to lerne Laten, Greke and Hebreu and other suche
les régles composéez pour apprendre Latin, Grec et Hebrieu et autres telz
languages: the whiche nevertheless the sayd compilatours have overtaken,
langages: ce que neantmoins les ditz compilateurs ont entrepris
te the ende that I ne say presumed to do, how beit they have nat ben but lytell
(affin que ne die presumés) de faire, ja soit quilz naient esté que petit de
tyme to lerne it, but now beit so that suche rules and techyng ben
temps a laprendre, mais or soit ainsy que telz régles et ensegnementz soient
sufficient and farre above my workes, by cause nevertheless that
tressuffisans et loing par desus mes oeuures, pour ce toutes fois que
now natwithstandyng myn ignorancy, I am agayne by my most redoubted
maintenant (nonobstant mon ignorance) suis derechief (par mon tres redoubté
lorde and prince the kynge above named, ordayned to administre myn accustomed
seigneur et prince le roy dessus nommé) ordonné dadministrer mon accoustumé
poore and unworthy servyce to most illustre, ryght exellente and ryght
poure et indigne seruice a tres illustre, tres exellente et tres
vertuouse lady my lady Mary of Englande his ryght entierly well beloved
uertueuse dame ma dame Mary dEngleterre sa tres entierement bien aymée

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doughter, the whiche right specially and straytly hath me commanded and
fille, laquelle tres espécialement et estroitement ma comandé et
encharged to reduce and to put by writtynge the maner how I have proceded
enchargé de reduire et mectre par escript la maniere coment jay procédé
towarde her sayd progenitours and predecessours, as that same also by the which
enuers ses dictz progeniteurs et predecesseurs, come celle aussy par la quelle
I have her so so taught, and do teche dayly whiche to refuse,
je lay tellement quellement instruit, et instruis journellement, ce que refuser
nat withstandynge the reasons above sayd alleged, I durst nat, nor wolde nat
(nonobstant les raisons dessus dictes alleguée) noseroie ne uouldroie,
how beit that I am ryght well assured to merite more for and by cause of myn
combien que soie tres asseuré de plus meriter pour et cause de mon
obedience than by any seruice or sacrifyce that to her I may do, fulfyllyng
obedience que par aulcun seruice ou sacrifice que luy puisse prestér, accomplissant
her most noble and gracious comandement, gratious say I, by cause
son tresnoble et gracieux comandement, gracieus dis je, pour ce
that her beniuolence and good wyll is to proffite to others as to
que sa beniuolence et bon uoulloir est de prouffiter aux aultres come a
herselfe, wherfore I supplie and require all reders the causes and reasons
elle mesme, pourquoi je suplie et requier tous lecteurs les causes et raisons
aboue sayd contempled and consydered to have me for to be excused, and ther
dessus dictes contempléez et consideréez mauoir pour excusé, et la
where they shall se the good Homer have ben aslepe to be wyllyng by good maner
où ilz verront le bon Homère auoir dormy le uoulloir par bonne maniere
to wake him, in correctyng the fautes in the whiche by cause of the same he is
esueiller en corrigeant les faultes esquelles a cause de ce il est
fallin, the whiche doyng they shall deserve nat only to be lauded and praysed,
encouru, ce que faisantz ilz mériteront nonseullement destre loués et prisés,
but also in theyr workes and operations taxed and estimed of maner
mais aussy en leurs euures et operations taxés et estimés de maniere
lyke, and to the same answeryng.
reciprocque et corespondent.

ENDE OF THE PROLOGUE.

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HERE AFTER FOLOWETH THE TABLE OF THIS PRESENT TREATYSE.

This lytle worke shalbe devided in two bokes, wherof the fyrst shal have two partes.

In the fyrst part shalbe treated of rules, that is redyng frenche, and what letters shall be lefte unbesounde, and the cause therof.

The seconde parte shalbe of nownes, pronownes, adverbes, participles, with verbes, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Also certayne rules for conjugations.

Item fyve or six maners of conjugations with one verbe.

Item conjugations with two pronownes and with thre and fynally combining or joinyng II verbes togeder.

The second boke shall be of lettres missyves in prose and in ryme.

Also diuerse comunications by way of dialoges, to receyve a messager from the emperour, the frenche kynge, or any other prince.

Also other comunications of the propriete of mete, of love, of peas, of warres, of the exposicion of the masse, and what mannes soule is, with the division of tyme, and other conseites.

FINIS.

---

A PROLOGUE FOR AN INTRODUCTORY.

The thynges that directely expressed maye nat be ought to be declared
Les choses qui a droit exprimer ne se peuuent doibuent estre declareez
by syncopation of sylence, by cause that by sylence one doth answer to many
par sincopacion taciturne, pour ce que par silence on respond a pluisieurs
thynges. Syncopation is none other thyng but abreviation of length, and prolixite
choses. Sincopation nest aultre chose quabreuiacion de prolixite, et prolixite
is superfluitie of wordes in declarying a thyng. Wherfore in all
est superfluite de paroles en declarant une chose. Pourquoy en toutes
workes one ought to be shorte. We shall begynne this boke than in the name
oeuures on doibt estre brief. Nous commencerons ce liure doncques ou nom
of God all mighty and shall ende it with the helpe of hym, procedyng by the
de Dieu tout puissant et lacheuerons a laide diceluy, procedant par le
counsayle of Orace, whiche is as shorte as possible shalbe.
conseil dOrace, qui est le plus brief que possible sera.

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HERE FOLOWETH THE FYRST BOKE OF SEVYN RULES FOR TO REDE
AND TO PRONOUNCE FRENCHE TREWLY.

THE FYRST

is howe the fyve vowels, that is to saye a, e, i, o, and v, shalbe sounded in redyng french.

Ye shal pronounce your a, as wyde open mouthed as ye can; your e, as ye do in latyn, almost as brode as ye pronounce your a in englysshe; your i, as sharpe as can be; o, as ye do in englyssh, and v after the Skottes, as in this worde gud. These fyve uowels be consonantes when they receyve nat their full sounde, as in this worde jamais the fyrst a is a uowell, and the seconde is a consonant.

Example of e, as déité and magesté, where bothe ees of deite be uowels, and the fyrst of magesté is a consonant and the seconde is a uowell. Wherfore ye shall understande that the moste parte of ees in french be consonantes, save fewe with suche wordes as come out of latyn. Example of consonantes

me, the, hym, that, of, the, do, to say, to put, oure, your,
me, te, se, que, de, le, faire, dire, mectre, nostre, vostre,

wher is never a uowel. All the

ees

that shalbe uowels in this present boke shalbe marked as the dyptong is in latyn, thus

é

.

THE SECONDE RULE.

Also in redyng frenche ye shall leave the last letter of every worde unsounde, endyng in s, t, and p, save of the same worde wherupon ye do pause or rest, for if ye do pronounce every worde by hymselfe, that is to say, restyng upon the same, ye ought for to pronounce and sounde him thorowe. And if any word endyng with an s, have the next worde folowyng begynning with a uowell, than shall ye sounde the said s, lyke a z, as in these wordes jamais aultres ye shal rede jamaiz aultre (never others) , as it were but one worde, but if the next worde commyng after the s be a consonant, than shall the said s remayne unsounde, as in these wordes jamais narés, (never shall ye have) the s of jamais shall nat be sounde. Provyded alwayes, as is sayde before, that ye do nat pause nor rest upon the worde, for so doyng ye must sounde it parfitely.

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THE THYRDE RULE.

Whan one worde doth ende with a uowell, and the next folowyng after begyn with another, than the fyrste shalbe unsounde, as in these wordes, but in you have que en uous, ye shall rede quen uous, and

I me have I the have I him have
je me ay, je te ay, je le ay,
ye shall rede je may, je tay, je lay,

and so of all suche lyke, excepte some wordes whiche be nat used in Fraunce, as tu as, thou hast. Where bothe uowels must be sounde, howbeit the Picardes sounde it after the sayd rule, sayeng tas for tu as, tes for tu es, thou arte. And if ye fynde two ees endynge and begynnynge a worde, ye shall leave the tone, as in these wordes,

it is with the well
il te est bien,
ye shall rede il test bien.

And of e, and a, as in these wordes que a, but te, ye shall rede qua. Of e, and o, as in these wordes, que on, but one, ye shal rede quon. Of a and o, as in these wordes, pourra on, may one, ye shall rede pourran. And in lyke maner of all other of that termynation.

THE FOURTH RULE.

An s, in the begynnynge of a worde hath his full sounde, as dothe appere by these wordes folowyng,

wyse, wylde
sage, sauuage, sapient, etc.

but in the myddes beynge eyther before a consonant or a uowell, shall be sounded lyke a z, as in these wordes

I sayde I dyd I brake I holde peace.
disoie, faisoie, brisoie, taisoie, etc.

THE FYFTH RULE.

Whan st dothe come togider in a worde hauing a uowell before it, than the sayde s shall remayne unsounde, but it shall encreace the sounde of the sayde uowell, as in these wordes

to wast to taste to haste,
gaster, taster, haster,
ye shall rede gaater, taater, haater.
And myne hoste come agayne anone
mon hoste reuenes tantost:
ye shall rede mon hoote reuenes tanto:

ye shall nevertheles except al those that be nyghe the latyn, as

to protest to shewe, to withstande:
protester, manifester, contester,

and suche lyke, whiche must have the sayd s, well and parfitly sounded and pronounced, for it is nat possyble to fynde a rule so generall and infallible to serue for euery worde as was said aboue in the prologue.

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THE SIXT RULE.

There is in french dyuers wordes, whiche for denotation or signifycation of plurarite dothe ende with an s, or with a z, for without he same they be synguler nombre, as these wordes and such lyke

worde fyste write a lefe
mot, puing, escript, feullet,

whiche be all synguler nombres: and if ye do adde a z, at the latter ende of them, than are they plurell nombres, as

motz, puingz, escriptz, feulletz:

and than shall ye nat sounde the letter before the sayd z, redynge

mos, puins, feullés.

And lyke wise whan a worde hath a p, or b, in the myddes endyng the syllable, ye shall leaue them unsounde, as in these wordes and suche lyke,

dewtie, dette, to write,
debuoir, debte, escripre:
ye shal rede deuoir, det, escrire.

But whan they do begyn the worde or the syllable, than shall they be pronounced, as these wordes,

putte away debated to breke
deboute, debatu, debriser, etc.

THE SEVENTH RULE.

There is two maner of wordes harde for to be pronounced in french. The fyrst is written with a double ll whiche must be souned togider, as lla, lle, lly, llo, llu, as in these wordes,

gave cutte gader lefe bayly fayle
bailla, tailla, ceulle, feulle, bally, fally,
white knele a tymer hamer full of leaves
moullet, engenoullet, mallot, feullu, houllu.

The seconde maner harde to pronounce ben written with gn, before a uowell, as gna, gne, gni, gno, gnu. As in these wordes

wan dyd blede lyne combe vyne scabbe felowe
gagna, saigna, ligne, pigne, uigne, tigne, compagne,
swell wanton wanton
laigne, mignon, mignarde,

ye shal except many wordes that be so written and nat so pronounced, endyng specially in e, as

worthy swanne hyghe corage
digne, cigne, magnanime, etc.

They that can pronounce these wordes in latyn after the Italians maner, as (agnus, dignus, magnus, magnanimus) have bothe the understandyng and the pronouncynge of the sayde rule and of the wordes. Ye shall fynde many suche among the nownes, uerbes, and adverbes that herafter be folowynge, the whiche shall have the double l, thus written ll, besyde the word and gn, besyde the tother.

THE NAMES OF MEMBRES LONGYNG TO MANNES BODY
ASWELL INWARDE AS OUT WARDE.

the heed or chyfe le chief

the scoull la teste

the heeres les cheueulz

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womens heares les tresches the busshe la cheuelure the perwyke la perrucque the heares ll. la cheuechalle the forhed le front the temples les temples the browes les sourcilz the visage le visage the berde la barbe the face le viaire the face la face the eye or eyes loeul the eyes les yeux the lydde la paulpiere the lyddes les paulpieres the ball of the eye la pupille the nose le naes the nose thrilles ll. les narilles the chekes les joes

the nether chekes les bajoes the eare loreille the eares les oreilles the mowth la bouce beastes mowthe la geule the lyppes les leures the tonge la langue the rouf of the mowth le palais or ou palet the teeth les dentz the gommes les genciues the jaws les machoires the inward jawes les mandibulles the chynne le menton the throte bo?te le gosier the gorge la gargate the gorge la gorge the necke le col the knot of the neck le neu du col

the hole of the necke la fosse du col the kenel of the necke la canol du col the sholder lespaule the armes les bras the elbowe la coude the elbowes les coudes the fyste le puing the fystes les puingz the hande la main the handes les mains the bat of the hande le dos de la main the balle of the hande la paulme the balles les paulmes the finger le doigt the fingers les doigz the thombe le poulce the thombes les poulces the jointe la joincte the joyntes les joinctes

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the naile longle the nayles les ongles the brest la poictrine the forke of the brest la fourcelle the breste la mamelle the brestes les mamelles the body le corps the wast le fauz du corpz the holes under the armes les esselles the bely le uentre the nauyl le nombril the backe le dos the chyne leschine the rayns les rains the buttockes les fesses the buttocke la fesse the hippe la hanche the hippes les hanches the grynes les ames

the nether beerde la penilliere the thighe la cuisse the thighes les cuisses the knee le genouil the knees les genoulz the hamme le jaret the hammes les jaretz the legge la jambe the legges les jambes the chyne boone la greue or the backe of ou le dos de the legge la jambe the calfe of the legge le pomeau the ancle ll. la cheuille the ancles ll. les cheuilles the hele le talon the foote le pied the feetes les piedz the back of the foote le dos du pied

the soole la plante the sooles les plantes the great too le graunt orteil the toes les orteilz THE INWARD MEMBRES. the braine le cerueau the hering louye the sight la ueue the smellyng lolfact the smellyng le flairer the taste le goust the telynge le taste the chawyng le macer the swalowyng laualler the hert le ceur the stomake lestomac the galle le feil the leuer le foie the lyver le gisier

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the longe le poulmo the mylte lesplene or the mylte ou la rate or mylte ou ratelle the bledder la uessie the kydneys gn. les rognons the uryne lurine the guttes les boiaulz the small guttes les intestins thinward part of the bely ll. les entrailles the gader la coree the blode le sang the coller la colere the melancoly la melencolie the fleame le flegme the senewes les nerfz the ueynes les uaines the ueynes of the puls les arteres the pulse le pulse

the rybbes les costes the bones les os the brethe lalaine the spyttell la saliue the spyttyng le crachat OTHER NAMES BEYNG IN MAN. the soule lame the spyrite lesperit the wytte le sens the wyll le uoullior the wyll la uoullente the rayson la raison the memory la memoire the understandyng lentendement the thought la pensée the ymagination limagination the jugement le jugement the opynyon lopinion the stomake le courage

the hardynesse la hardiesse the cowardnesse la couardise feblenesse of corage la lacheté the feare la peur the truthe la uerité the leasyng le mensonge the drede la crainte the ferefulnesse lespouantement the strength la force the feblenesse la foiblesse the mansuetude la debonaireté the angrefull disposition la felonie the malyce la malice the cruelnesse la cruaulté the goodnesse la bonté the frowardnesse la mauuaisté the peace la paix the rest le repos the trouble le trouble

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the labour ll. le trauaill the stedfastnesse la constance the unstedfastnesse la uariableté the hatered la hayne the frendship lamitié the joye la joye the sorowe la tristesse the heuynesse lennuy the rejoysyng le rejouissement the angre le corous the sporte lesbatement the wrath lire the pacyence la pacience the pride lorgeul the mekenesse lhumilité the envy lenuie the charyte la charité the dilygence la deligence the lytell corage la pusillanimité

the glotony la glotonnie the sobernesse la sobrieté lechery luxure the chastyte la chasteté coueytyse conuoitise lyberalytie liberalité auaryce auarice waste prodigalité to go about rychesse ambicion wylfull pouertie uoluntaire poureté boostyng la uantance presumptuous larrogance the truthe in lyueng la preudomie the falsehed la faulceté the lyfe la uie the dethe la mort the youthe la jeunesse the age ll. la uiellesse the ignorauncy lignoraunce

the wysdome la sagesse the byrth la neissance the chyldhode lenfance the feblenesse la debilité the manhood la uirilité the foulenesse la turpitude the honeste lhonnesteté the insolency linsolence the stablenes la fermeté the bondage la seruitude the fredome la liberté the honoure lhonneur the shame la honte the rychesse la richesse the nedynes la poureté the sikenes la maladie the helth la santé the pourete lindigence the plente la plenté

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the plenty labondance the nigardnes la chiceté the rudenes la rudesse the swyftness la promptitude the inclynation la propension facyle inclynation la procliuité the desyre to slepe lassoupissement the quyckenesse la uiuacité the graunt lottroy the denyeng le deniement the heate la challeur the coldnesse la froydure the drynesse la seicheur the moystnesse lhumidité the laughyng le rire the wepyng le plourer the complaynyng le playndre the lamentyng le lamenter the yexyng le sanglouter

the neesyng lesternuer the snowring le ronfler the syghynges le souperer syghes soupirs the yexynges les sanglous the spyttyng le cracher to blowe the nose le mouchér the slepynge le dormir the watchyng le ueillier the slepe le sompne the dreamyng le songer the drinkyng le boire the eatynge le menger the sacyate le saoul the hungry le familleus THE NAMES OF WOMENS REMENTES. the smocke le chemisse the coler le colet the sleves les manches

the gussettes le goucerons the surfyls les ourletz the seames les coustures the kyrtell le corset the krytell la cottelette the petycote la cotte simple the gowne la robbe the placharde le placart the cuffes les bonbardes the purfyll la bordure the lynynge la doublure the furre la fourrure the under gyrdell le demy chaint the gyrdell la chainture the purse la bourse the pyncase lespinceau or the case for pynnes ou lespinglier the heed atayre lattour the frenche hode le chapperon a plis

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the bonette le bonnet the crispynes les crespines the frontler of velvet ll. les beatilles the templettes les templettes the partelet le gorgias the necke kerchef la colerette the kercher le ceuurechief the partelet le colet the partelet le colier the bracel le bracelet the tache lesgrappe the ringes les aneaulz the owche la bague to close the necke kercher ll. le fermall a broche lafficque an image limage the gabardine la gauardine the tipet la cornette the cloke le manteau

the bone grace le moufflet the knyves les coulteaus the beedes les patenostres the hande kercher lesmouchail the hande kercher ou mouchoir the lace le lacz the small lace le lacet the combe le pigne the lye la lessiue the gloves les gantz the tymble le does the nydel ll. lesguille the pynnes les espingles the brusshe to les espoussettes, la uerge a swepe esterdre the hooses les chausses the garters les jartiers the pynson showes les eschapins

the showes les soliés the buskyns les brousequins the slyppars les pantouffles the sheres les forces the small sheres ou forcettes MENS REMENT. the sherte la chemisse the doublet le pourpoint the coote le seon or say the jacquete la jacquete the jacquete le hecqueton the gowne la robbe the partelet le colet the hat le chapiau lappe of man la tocque the cappe le bonnet the hoode le chaperon the gyrdel la chainture the sworde lespee

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the spanische sworde la rapiere the dagar la dague the bagge la gibessiere the purse la louiere the purse laulmoniere the bootes les botes the bootes les houseaus the spores les esperons the shylde lescu the paueys la parme a great buccler la taloche the buccler le bouclier the camell le camiau the drommadary le dromadaire the asse lasne the horse le cheual and all beestes et touttes bestes bearyng sadyls portant selles or fardels ou fardeau

or packes ou uoiture have nede ont mestier of packe sadyls or of de batz ou de saddyls, the whiche selles, les quelles have a pomell a pommeau backe and boweth dos et archons sursyngles soursangles and pannels et paneaus than the heed puis la testierre, stall, reyne, and resne, et byttes, make the mors, font la bridell bride the petrell le poitral the gyrthes les sengles the styroppes les estries the styrop ledders les estriuieres the crouper la croupiere the buckeles les boucles and the nayles et les clous

that one can nat quon ne peult make nor forge faire ne forger without the anuyle sans lenclume the fyle the la lime, le hammer marteau the pyncettes ll. les tenailles the coles les charbons with the fyre auec le feu ayre, water, and aire, eaue et erthe, with the terre, auec le smyth marechall or locker ou serrurier THE CHAMBRE. the bedde le lict the bolster le trauersin or the bolster ou le chauet the pyllowes ll. les oreilliers the blankettes les blanchetz the shetes les linceulz

Page 909

the couerlette le couuertoir the sparuer le ciel the sparuer ll. le pauillon the curtyns les courtines the hangyng la tapisserie the carpettes les tapis uelus the quyishens les carriaus all one les coissins the bedde portatyve le lict de camp the bedstede le chalict the borde la table the trestels les tresteaus the forme le banc the chayres les chaieres the stools les escabelles the forte stoole le marce pied the table cloth la nape the napkyns les seruiettes the salt le sel

the salt saler la saliere the chafyng dysshe la chauffette the spones les cuillieres the trenchers les trenchoirs the platters les platz the dysshes les escuelles the sawcers les saussiers the bred le pain the fleshe la cher the butter le beurre the chese le fromage the egges les oeufz the whyte wyn le uin blanc the claret le claret the rede darke ll. le uermeill the wyne red le uin rouge ypocras ypocras the waffers les oubliez the succades la succad

the confittes la dragerie the confections les confitures the coup borde le buffet the pottes les potz the flagons les flagons the couppes les couppes the boles les tasses a genial name for cuppes les hanapz the gobbelettes les gobeletz the glasses les uoires and the water et leau for to washe them pour les rincer the bacin le bacin the ewer lesguiere THE KECHIN. the mayster coke le sommelier the yoman coke les cuisinies gromes of the kechin uarletz de cuisin turne broches les galopins

Page 910

the pottes les potz the pannes les poelles the caudrons les chaudrons the spyttes les hastiez the spyttes les broches the morters les mortiers the pestels les pestiaus the serces les tamis the stamels les estamines the instrument for to larde le lardeur the bacon le lard the mustarde la moustarde the grene sauce la sausse uerde the gambon le jambon the befe le beuf the bull le tor the cowe la uache the calfe, vele le ueau the mutton le mouton

the sholder lespoule the gygot, a brest le gigot the chyne leschine the rybbes les costes the necks le colet the trotters les trottins the lambe gn. lagneau the heed la teste the gader or nombles la couree the skynne la piau the ramme le belin the ewe la brebis the he gotte le bouc the she gotte la chieuure the swyne or hogge le pourceau the boore le uerrart the boore le uer the wylde boore le senglier the sowe la truye

the pygge le cochon HAUKES OF PRAY SYXTENE KYNDES. the egle laigle gerfaucon gerfau the tercell gerk sacres sacres the tercell sacretz falcons faulcons the tercell tierceletz lenners lainers lanerettes laneretz meryllons ll. esmerillons hobbeys hobriaus goshaukes austours tercels tierceletz uperhaukes esparuiers muskettes mouchetz crystrels cretreulles the thrusshe mauluis

Page 911

the cocowe coucou cocowe cocou glede mellans puttockes escoufles the blewe kyte faulz perdrier bussardes busartz bruhiers bruhiers greater than the egle uoultoires the ducke oule le duc chahuan the oule le chahuan the lytell oule la chouette the ravyn le corbiau the crowe la cornaille the highwale lespec the unthatche le picmars the dawe le canne the pye la pie the pye lagace the jaye le jay

the henne la poulle the henne le geline the chekyns les poucins the cocke le coc the capon le chappon the partryche la perdris the yong partryches les pertriaus the fesaunt le faisant the dove le coulomb the rynged dove le ramier the stocke dove le creuset the turtle dove la tourtrelle the pygions les pigeons the cormorande le cormorain the wodcocke la becasse the quayle la quaille the larke lalouette the plouuer le pluuier the lapwyng le uaniau

the crane la grue the bustarde lautarde the pecoke le paon the swanne le signe the goose louoye wylde souuage tame domenche the barnacle le barnacle the gander le jar the goslynges les oisons the heyron le heron the shoveler le trublet theggret laigret the byttour le buto the storke la cigoin the malarde le malard the malarde le canart the ducke la canne the ducke lanette

Page 912

the ducklyns les annetons the coote la joudelle the coote la blarie the teyle le cercelle the starlyng lestourneau the star lesprohon the felde fare la griue the osyll le merle the sparowe le passereau the sparowe le moisson the fynche le pinchon the blewe back and redbrest la pioue the wagtayle la bergieronnet the wagtayle le hochecul the grene fynche le frion the grene fynche la verdiere the gold fynche la cardinotte the lynnet la linotte the coldmouse la messange

the nyghtyngale gn. le rossignol rocyn redbrest la robaille the wrenne le rotelet FRUTES. cherys cherises small cherys guingues great cherys gascongnes small cherys merises [missing] cormes [missing] sorbes raspyse franboises gose berrys groiselles strawberys freses apples pommes perys poires plummes prunes dampsons prunes de damas peches pesches mulberys moures

melons melons gourdes gourdes coucumbers coucombres granades grenades orenges orenges openarses mesles medlers neffles chestayns gn. chatangnes walnottes nois fylberdes nois franches small nottes noisettes WHYT MEATES. custardes dariolles flawnes flans tartes tartes pasteys pastés frytters bignetz VENESON. the harte le cerf

Page 913

the hynde la biche the bucke le dain the doe la daine the robucke le saillant the robucke la capreolle the robucke le cheuriau the hare le leure the watte le leurart the conys les connis the rabettes les lapriaus the rabettes les lapins FYSHES. alose or shaddes aloses eeles ll. anguilles whelkes balaines barbyls barbeaus base bars breames bresmes pykes brocetz

carpes carpes haddockes cableaus myllers thombes caboceaus congers congres coccles cocques crabbes crabbes dogge fysshe chien de mer cheuyns chieuennes shrimpes creuettes porpasse daulphin sturgyons esturgeons smeltes espelans creuice deau douce escreuice goienne gougeons crevyce of the see houmars whyte heryng harenc blanc reed heryng harenc sor lampreys lamproiez loches loches

makerell macreaus muskels moulles whytynges melans mullettes muletz the see swyne marsouin oysters hiutres perches perces plaise plais ray or thornbacke rayes roches roches husses roussettes rochettes rougetz salmons saulmons solles solles tonyne toninnes tenches tences gournardes tumbes trowtes treute turbottes turbot

Page 914

menews uerron [missing] uendoise TREES. the almande tre amandier thelder aulne hau thorne bearing aubespin portant the beris curelles wodde, tymber bois, fust tymber fewell mairien laigne fagottes faceaus, fagotz logges buches kyndlyng fagottes bourreez barberis barberis boxe buis heyth bruiere busshes buissons byrche bouill a place full of hasels couldrieres hasell couldre

chestayne tree chataignier chery tree cherisier honysocle tre eiebrou all one chieurefeul tyller of a crosbowe cormier cornus ll. cornillier oke beryng chesnes portant acornes glandz cipre tree cipres quyne aple tre coingz palmier datiers maples errables thornes blacke espines noire and whyte et blanche eglentine esglentier biche or the tre fou ou haitre that beareth qui porte the maste foynes figge tre figuier

raspis tre francboisier ashe fresne small chery tre guinguier the same agayne badeolier wylde cherys merisier great chery tre gascongnier gowsbery tre groiselier grenade tre grenadier browme genistres the pocke tre gaiaqz ou eban holy or holme houll jue yerre jenoper jenopure ewe iff firres or gost songniarins ou rauenelles the bay tre laurier more bery tre mourier medler meslier

Page 915

opyners tre nefflier walnot tre noier basels noisiers oliue tre oliuiers wylows or osiers osiers orange tre orengiers elmes ourmes aple tre pommiers peerre tre poiriers plomme tre pruniers peche tre peschiers pinaple tre pins plane planes poplar tre poupeliers rosiers rosiers breeres rouces rosmarie rosmarins fyrs sapins the place of wilowes saussoie

wylowes saus serues tre seruiers elder tre sehuc aspes trembles tron a lytell tre trosne vynes uignes cornes bledz whette fourment rye seigle daruell iuraie all one jargerie all one or zizany droe ootes auaine barley myll orge myll beanes febues peeses pois great peeses cices small peeses ll. lentilles small beanes lupins

all one lobis ryse rifz fetche uesche hempe sede canebuise line side linuuy rape side nauette mostard syde senneué strawe estrain straw or hay feurre hey foyn litter or chaff paille pease strawe pesas mele flour farine fleur branne tercou alle one son trowgh mayt paste levyn paste leuain to knede pestrir ouuen four

Page 916

to put in the ouuen enfourner { white { blanc { brede { black pain { bis { { brown { brun NAMES OF OFFICERS REGALLES. the great master le grand maistre the steward le maistre dhostel the great chamberlayn le chambrier the second chamberlin le chamberlain the cuppe bearer le echanson the seuer le pannetier sergeantes officers le somellier master of horses le grant escuier the squier under him lescuier descurie the great hownter le grant ueneur the master of hawkes le grant faulconner the master of the forest le verdier the see la mer of the see la marinne

of the see in the masculin marin the tyde marée springe sourjon springe sourse fountayne fontaine riuer riuiere the shawre riue a furde le gué the poole le uiuier the great poole lestant the hole la fosse the dykes les fosses the broke le rieu the broke or chenell le ruisseau cysterne citerne a shyppe nauire a barge nef a shyppe bote scaffe a lytell bote nacelle

a ferry bote bac a square bote bacquet a lytell barge chalan all one santine a whery cymbe to suche flocke a tel aumaille suche shepherde tel bergier { of shepe { de brebis { flocke { of gotes ung { de chieures tropeau { { of kyne { de uaches { { of mares { de jumentz stoude of stalons haras destalons of coltes de poulains PROPERTES OF BEESTES. a man dothe syng ung homme chante an asse ung asne recane a cowe lowes une uache mugist a shepe bletes une brebis beste a wolfe and a ung loup et ung

Page 917

dogge houles chien hulent the cat and the lyon le chat et le lion grynneth groulent a hogge ung pourceau groneth grongne a chorle hommeth ung uillain or grudgeth hongne a dogge barketh ung chien abaie a foxe and ung renart et an otter panteth ung putois glatissent the serpentes hysses les serpens siblent the byrdes les oiseauz chermes and chattereth jargonent et degoisent the man is well lhomme est bien shaped, that hath the fourmé, qui a le troncke ryght, and the tronc droit, et le remenaunt lyke tige semblable longe long, longue shorte court, courte

brefe brief, briefue great grand, grande groose gros, grosse dimynutyve groset, grossette small or sclender gresle fatte gras, grasse thynne delié tenue small menu menue thycke espes espesse thycke or rype drue drue lyght legier legiere hevy pesant pesante holowe creu creuse hole or sounde entier entiere solude massif massifue streyght estroit estroite large large largeur ynough plenté all one prou

plentie foison inough assés ynough lytell assés pou all one assés petit to moche trop more lesse plus moins nygarde escars, escarse softe mol molle harde dur dure duret durette lyar menteur mentresse swete douls doulce bytter amer amere bytternesse amertume vyle ord orde foule sal salle spotted souillé souillée vyllayne villain villaine craver truand truande

Page 918

begger belitre, belitresse lepre pouacre infect knave coquin coquine begger kemand kemande boy gyrle garcon garce boy gyrle hardeau hardele glotton gourmand gourmande malapert cocard cocarde lykerous friand friande

wanton mignon mignart wanton woman mignarde lyar mensongier mensongiere jester bourdeur bourderesse beggler trompeur trompeuse jangler cacqueteur cacquetresse reprover ramponeur ramponeresse hore monger paillard

hore paillarde hore monger ribauld hoore ribaulde hoore monger putier hoore putain baude macreau macquerelle a thefe laron a she thefe laronnesse

SALUTATYONS IN FRENCHE, WHICHE MAY BE TOURNED TWO MANER WAYES,
AS WHAN YE SAYE IN ENGLISSHE, GOD GYVE YOU GOOD MOROWE,
YE MAY SAYE, GOOD MOROWE GYVE YOU GOD,
AS YE SHALL SE HERE FOLOWYNGE.
good morowe
bon jour
good yere
bon an
good evenyng
bon vespre
good evyn
bon soir
good nyght
bonne nuyt
good meetyng
bon encontre
good joye
bon joie

Page 919

me good lyfe and longe me
me bonne vie et longue me
the good fortune the
te bonne fortune te
God hym gyve good prosperyte and to you him gyve God
Dieu luy doint bonne prosperité et a vous luy doint Dieu
us well to prospere us
nous bien prosperer nous
you good lucke you
vous bon heur vous
them good begynnyng them
leurs bon commencement leurs
good meane
bon moien
good ende, and well to fynisshe
bon fin, ou bien acheuer
well to lyve, well to dye
bien uiure, bien mourir
good helthe
bonne sante
paradyse at the ende
paradis en la fin
the hole, or the fulfyllyng of your desyres
lentier ou laccomplissement de vos desirs
God kepe, God blesse, God save, God gyde you.
Dieu gart, Dieu benie, Dieu sauue, Dieu uous conduye.
God be within, God be your helpe, God be wyllynge to helpe you,
Dieu soit ceans, Dieu vous soit en aide, Dieu vous veulle aider,
God kepe you from yvell and trouble, I bydde you farwell, God be with you,
Dieu vous garde de mal et dencombrier, a dieu vous dis, a dieu soiez,
I take my leave of you, farwell tyll we se agayne.
adieu sans adieu, adieu jusques au reueoir.

Page 920

THE GENERATION OF COLOURS WITH THE BLASON OF THEM.

Colour is lyght incorporate in a body visyble pure and clene. There
Coulleur est lumiere incorporée en ung perspectif pur et nect. Ilz
ben two dyfference of perspectyves, the one is pure, separate of erthlynesse,
sont deux difference de perspectifz, lung est pur, séparé de terrestréité,
and the tother is spotted by the same and myxed lyght is devyded in
et lautre est coinquiné par icelle et mixtioné lumiere est
four partes, that is to say clere, darke plentuous or scant, whiche is to understande
quadri-partite, cest a dire clere, obscure habondante et rare, qui est a entendre
great or small. Wherfore it appereth that thre thynges dothe cause
grande ou petite. Pourquoy il appert que trois choses causent
the essence of whythnesse, that is to say, clerenesse with habundaunce of the same,
lessence de blancheur, cest a scauoir, clarté avec multitude dicelle,
and a body visyble clene and pure. And thre thynges lykewyse ben cause of
et ung perspectif pur et nect. Et trois choses semblablement sont cause de
blacke colour, it is to say, lyght, darke with scarsnesse of it, and
coulleur noir, cest a scauoir, lumiere, obscure auec paucite dicelle, et
perspectyve unclene. And by this is open the sayeng of Arystotell, and of Avenrois,
perspectif impur. Et par ce est esclarcy le dict dAristote et de Avenrois,
whiche have put blacknesse for privation and whytnesse for habytude
qui ont mis noircheur pour priuacion et blancheur pour habitude
or forme. And knowe ye that in these two colours lyeth all the others.
ou forme. Et sachés quen ces deux coulleurs gisent toutes les aultres.
mournyng blacke
deul noir sable
mekenesse whyte sylver
humilite blanc argent
pride reed
orgeul rouge geule
love grene
amoureus verd sinople
stedfast blewe
constant bleu asure

Page 921

gyle darke blewe
deception pers
werynes tawny
fatygation tauné
possessyon yelowe
jouissance jaulne
hoope gray
esperance gris
purple
magesté pourple
blody colour
cherité sanguin
vyolette
trahison violet
flour of peche tree
fleur de pescier
carnatyon
dissymulation carnation
chaungeable
changeant
pale pale darke colour
pasle blesme obscur
deed colour horse flesshe
coulleur morte cher de cheual

HERE FOLOWETH DYVERS REASONS WITH SOME STRANGE WORDES
FOR INTRODUCTION OF THE FRENCHE TONGE.

Out sette the hevynesse of slepe vayne and longe, a quyete slepe
Hors mis lentommissement du somne vain et long, ung taisible dormir
is right necessary and delycious.
est tres necessaire et delicieus.
A man doutfull and suspect of jelous is sone converted and tourned in
Ung homme doubteus et soupeconeus est tost conuerty et tourné en
smerte.
cusancon.

Page 922

A man alredy luke warme in deedly hete, kyndled of angre and
Homme desja tiéde en mortelle challeur, embrasé de corous et
madde of dispayre.
forsené de désespoir.
A goodly lady, meke, trymmed, currteyse: damosell stedfast, symple,
Dame gaillarde, benigne, cointe, courtoise: damoiselle constant, symple,
chaste, shamefast and honest.
chaste, pudique et honeste.
A woman dishonest, redy to fall, shamelesse, wanton, subtyle, paynted
Femme impudicque, lubricque, affrontée, mignarde, affaitée, fardée
and disceyvable.
et rusée.
A gyrle havyng laughyng eyes, full of swete promyse, bearyng wytnesse
Une garce aiant yeulx riantz, plains de doulx promettre, faisant foy
of a wanton wyll.
dung voulloir feminin.
He is worthy of prayse, whiche enforceth him to gete by vertue greater
Il est digne de louenge, qui senforce dacquerer par vertu plus haulte
lyght, for of it to sparcle the beames through all the worlde.
lucence pour en espandre les rais par tout le monde.
It is folly to set our trust in thynges whiche shall fall sythe that we knowe
Cest folie de nous fier ez choses qui cherront puisque cognoissons
selfely the soveraygne lyghtnesse to be darked of a lyght cloude.
neiz les souuerains resplendisseurs estre obscurciez dune legiere nuée.
O fortune, sorowe encreasyng, and slombryng all delyces with great blame
O fortune, doulleur aggrauant, et soupissant tous delices, a grant tort
a body by a lytell immoderate colere, doth angre hymself agaynst
une personne par ung petit de colere immoderée, se indigne contre
his frende, at the lest without a faute goyng before.
son amy, au moins sans prealable offence.
It is shame to a noble person with his strength to darke his honour
Cest honte a une noble personne selon sa force obscurcir son honneur
by his shame.
par ses hontes.

Page 923

If the humayne inclynation, whiche is wont for the most parte to refuse that
Se lhumaine propension, qui seult pour la plus part refuser ce
which one to him doth ministre for most necessary, is nat somwhat restrayned,
quon luy administre pour plus necessaire nest aulcunement cohibée,
scante shalbe able in any scyence to profyte.
a paine pourra en aulcune science prouffiter.
We be right nygh clevyng the one to the other, bycause of naturall
Nous sommes de pres adherentes les ung des aultres, a cause de naturalle
inclynation, specially havyng symilytude of maners togyder.
procliuité, signament aiantz confirmité de meurs ensemble.
Those whiche by dignyties ben shewed above others ought to then
Ceulz qui par dignites sont prééminence par dessus les aultres deueroient
sample of God, to put downe their pride and highnesse.
selon Dieu, rabaisser leur crestes et haultesses.
To do the contrary is an infortunate accident springyng of malyce, and
Faire au contraire est ung fortuit accident procedant de malice, et
yeldyng a man right dull, wherfore for nat to be gainsayeng and
rendant ung homme fort empos, pour quoy pour non estre restif et
refusyng good counsayle: it is farre better to sustayne a good quarell,
oppugnant bon conseil, trope mieulx vault soubstenir bonne querelle,
than to yelde hymselfe in suche trouble.
que de soy rendre en telle berelle.

Pronownes devyded by the sixe articles of declynation, both synguler and plurell nombre. And these that ende in a, as ma, ta, sa, la, ben all feminyn. And all those that dothe ende in on, and in e, as mon, ton, son; me, te, se, le, ben all masculyne. And mien, tien, sien, synguler nombre and masculyn, miens, tiens, siens; mes, tes, ses, plurell nombre and masculyn. Mienne, tienne, sienne, singuler; miennes, tiennes, siennes, plurell nombre and feminyn. But there ben certayne names of the femynyn, whiche do requyre the pronownes masculyns that must be excepted, as mon ame, mon hotesse, and suche lyke: where both ame and hotesse ben femynyn gender, and monmasculyn. And me, te, se, ben indifferent, as in these wordes:

he (she) sayth to me, he (she) saith to the, he (she) saith to him;
il, (elle) me dit, il (elle) te dit, il (elle) se dit;

where me, te, se, serve

Page 924

I, of me, to me, at me, o me,
bothe for the masculyn and femynin. Je, de moy, a moy, a me, a moy, o moy,
for me, to me, of me. our, we, ours; of ours, to us,
pour moy, a moy, de moy. Plurell, nos, nous, nostres; les nostres, a nous,
by our. for Thou, of the, to the; by the: o thou,
par nos. O nous, o nos, pour nous. Tu, de toy, a toy; par te, par toy: o tu, o toy:
by the. your, you, of yours; to you, by your, o ye: by you. He
par toy. Plurell, vos, vous, des vostres; a vous, par vos, o vous: pour vous. Il
she, he, him; that same the same, that same, that or this. They, they,
elle; cil, luy; celuy, celle, icelle, icelluy, cestuy, ceste. Ilz, ceulx, elles,
them, those. What, howe, which, the which, of whom, to have.
celles, icelles, eulz, iceulz. Que, qui, quel, lequel, laquelle, de qui, a cui,
by whom, the whiche. My, myne: to my, of my, myne: for
par quel, quelz, laquelle, lesquelles. Mon, mien: a mon, de mon, mien: pour
me, for my: for myne: o my, o myne, for me, for
me, pour mon: pour le mien, par le mien: o mon, o my, o mien: pour me, pour
myne, for Plurell nombre, Thy, my, his: thy, my, his:
mien, pour mon. Mes, miens, mienne, miennes, Ta, ma, sa: tes, mes, ses:
thyne, myne, his:
tiens, miens, siens: miennes, tiennes, siennes.

Example for the femynin:

Ma mere, ma seur, ma maistresse, ma cousine:
Ta mere, ta seur, ta maistresse, ta cousine:
Sa mere, sa seur, sa maistresse, sa cousine:
La mere, la seur, la maistresse, la cousine.
Example howe the pronowne masculyne shal be applyed as
Mon pere, mon frere, mon maistre, mon cousin:
Ton pere, ton frere, ton maistre, ton cousin:
Son pere, son frere, son maistre, son cousin:
Le pere, le frere, le maistre, le cousin, and mes, tes, ses, les, for bothe plurell.

Also there be two pronownes, that ben pronounced in french by syncopation, as
the same and that same:
cestuy cy et cestuy la:
for the femynine: ceste cy et ceste la:
where ye shall take but the last syllable of them, sayeng
stuicy, stuyla: stecy, stela.

PREPOSITIONS.

Nyghe, nyghe: towarde, towarde: for, by, up, downe, above, under
Pres, joucte: enuers, deuers: pour, par, sus, jus, dessus, dessoubz:

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afore, before, agaynst, with, to, to the, of the, of, at this syde,
auant, deuant, contre, en contre: auec, a, au, du, de, deca,
beyonde.
dela.

CONJUNCTIONS.

If, if, and,
Sy, se, et, etc.

Here foloweth the adverbes, and howe ye shall turn, and forme an adverbe from englisshe into frenche, and specially those that signifye qualities, takyng this syllable ly from them, and addyng ment for it, as in these wordes folowynge:

propre } parfaite } honeste } habondant } cordial } prompte } incessante } real } instante } due } ment commune } ly signant } competente } reuerente } decente } couarde } harde } loial } condicional } compendieuse } OTHER ADVERBES IN GENERALL. this day huy all this day meshuy in this day au jourdhuy yester day hiér before yester day auant hiér

the tother day lautre hiér to morowe demain the day after lendemain after to morowe appres demain from hens forth desormais ones agayne derechief from hens forth dicy en auant from hens forwarde de la en auant this yere ouan al this yere mesouan not long a gone nagaires

but lytel agone depuis nagare { lytel { petit { sith { lytel depuis { pou { { lytel { peu of tyme de temps anone tost anone or sone tantost incontynent incontinent by and by cy pris cy mis nowe maintenant { up { sus { now { here ore { ca { { there { la

Page 926

yere while orains nowe ades at this tyme a ceste heure somtyme jadis tyme paste temps fust than lors from than des lors at that tyme alors for that tyme pour lors for all that toutesfois alwayes toutteuoies many tymes maintefois oftentymes souuentefois at somtyme a la fois many tymes pluisieurs fois betyme parfois somtyme aulcunnefois in the meane tyme endementiers duryng the tyme entandis

whyle it was tandis alwayes toudis ever tousjours never jamais for ever a jamais never syns oncques puis never more oncques mais than donques at that tyme adonques alredy desja unto this jusques cy unto that jusques la moche moult right or most tres in maner de maniere in so moche en tant in the meane whyle entretant duryng that tyme ce pendant of maner de sorte

in maner en sorte in a facyon en fachon of facyon de fachon in suche wyse tellement as it was quellement almost quasy natwithstandyng nonobstant withstandyng obstant natwithstandyng non pourtant nat neverthelesse non pourquant neverthelesse neant mains howbeit combien all beit ja soit as comme howe, and howe moche comment what quoy to what a quoy of what de quoy in what en quoy

Page 927

for what pour quoy upon what sur quoy as what come quoy selfely mesmement farre loing a longe whyle longuement more late plus tard to soone or tymely trop tempre ADVERBES OF SWERYNG. i, so ouy, sy no, nay non, nenny in earnes a certes for earnes pour certes of earnes de certes in certayne a certain for certayne pour certain of certayne de certain certaynly certainement in trewth en uerité

in sothe en uray for truthe pour uerité for sothe pour uray of truthe de uerité of sothe de uray trewly urayment veritably veritablement in my God en mon Dieu in good lucke en bon omen by the faith of par la foy de fayre women belles femmes I you assure je vous asseure I promyse you je vous promectz I certifye you je vous certifie without any faute sans faulte in my trewth en ma uerité in my loyaltie en ma loyaulté in my worthynesse en ma prudommie by my holynesse par ma saincteté

trewe man preudhomme trewe woman preude femme yare so aincois ainsy otherwyse aultrement also aussy quickely uitement goodly bonnement betyme tempre tymely temprement early matin at the prick of day au point du jour the dawing of the day a laube du jour at the dayeng a lajourner at the cockes crowynge au chant du coc at pryme a prime at thirde hour a heure de tierce at noone a none at mydde day a mydy at evynsong a vespre

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at evenyng au soir betwene lyght and dark entre chien et loup

at the sonne settynge a soleil couchant at mydnyght a mie nuyt

at the day au jour at the nyght a la nuyt

ADVERBES OF NOMBRES, WITH THEIR DIRIVATYVES, WHERE THE LONGEST
OF TWO BEYNG LYKE IS FOR THE FEMYNYNE, AND THE TOTHER
MASCULYNE: AND BOTHE OF ONE SIGNIFYCATION.

UNG I fyrst, fyrst, emprent, premier fyrstly, one premierment, ung, une onely, evyn, unie, unicque, uniement, uny, evenly, union, unie, uniement, unite, of one voyce, of variable signification. uniuocque, equiuocque. onely all onely seul, seulle, seulement, seullet, solytary. seullette, solitaire. DEUX II seconde, seconde, deusiésme: second, seconde, double, doubled, double, doublé, doublée, doublenesse, dualité, duplicité, doublement, secondary, parted in two. secondement, bipartit. TROIS III thyrde, thirdly, tiers, tierce, tiercement,

the thirde, troisiéme, trinité, all one, ternil, triangle, triplicité, triple, terciane, tripartit. QUATRE IIII fourth, the fourth, quart, quarte, quatriesme, fourthly, quartement, quaternité, the fourth parte, square, quadril, quarré, quarrée, foure cornarde, quadrangle, foure double, a crosse way, quadruple, quarefour, the quartayne, forthy, quartaine, quarantaine, forthy or lent, lent. quadragesime, quaresme. CINCQ V fyfth, fyfthly, quint, quinte, quintement, the fyfth, of fyve, cinquiesme, quintuplice, pentecost, whit sonday. cinquesme.

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SIX VI the sixte sixtely sixt, sixte, sixtement, of sixe, sixe cornarde sextil, sextangle, sisiéme, sexagesime. SEPT VII the seventh seventhly, septiesme, septiesmement, ones sevyn, in sevyn septaine, septuplice, sevyn corners. septangle, septuagesime. HUIT VIII the eight huitaine, huitiésme huitiésmement NEUF IX the nynth nyne neuuiésme, neuuayne, nynthly neuuiésmement DIX X tenne dix, disiésme, is he that hath charge of x men. desinier, disayne. ONSE XI theleventh onsiéme onsaine. DOUSE XII twelfthly dousiéme, dousaine.

TRAISE XIII the thirtenth traisiéme. QUATORSE XIIII the fourtenth quatorsiéme QUINSE XV the fyftenth quinsiéme. SAISE XVI the sixtenth saisiéme DIX SEPT XVII the sevententh dix septiésme DIX HUIT XVIII the eightenth dishuitiésme. DISNEUF XIX the nyntenth disneufiésme VINGT XX twenty the twenteth vintaine, vingtiéme TRENTE XXX the thirteth, thirtie trentiesme, trentaine QUARANTE XL the fourteth quarantiésme CINQUANTE L acompte of fyftie the fyfteth cincquantaine, cincquantiésme.

Page 930

SOISSANTE LX the sixteth threscore. soissantieme, soisantaine. SEPTANTE LXX the sevynteth septantiésme OCTANTE LXXX the eighteth octantiésme NONANTE XC the nynteth nonantiésme CENT C hundreth, the hundreth, centaine, centiésme,

the hundredeth, lykewyse centeniér, centurion. DEUX CENS CC TROIS CENS CCC QUATRE CENTZ CCCC CINQ CENTZ V. C. SIX CENTZ VI. C. SEPT CENTZ VII. C. HUIT CENTZ VIII. C. NEUF CENTZ IX. C. MIL. A THOUSANDE DIX MILE X. M. CENT MILE C. M. UNG MILION M. M.

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FORMATYON OF THE INDICATYVE PRESENT TENSE.

Here after foloweth the maner, howe one shall make and fourme the present of the indicatyve or shewyng mode, of the verbes folowyng.

The maner to fourme the present of the verbes infynityve mode, here after folowynge, is: that all those that ende in er, puttyng the r away, and makyng the e a consonant, ye shall have the present of the indicatyve, as in these wordes: parler, appeller, appaiser, appuier, etc.; puttyng r away, ye have: parle, appelle, appaise; appuie: sayeng, japelle, tu appelle, il appelle, nous appellons, vous appelles, ilz appellent. Ye shall neverthelesse except some verbes defectyves, as aller that do make, je voy, tu vas, in the present, and such lyke.

Also all suche as have d in the last syllable, ye shall leave all the letters commynge after the d, and shall adde s, or z to it: ye shall have the plurell nombre of them, as in those wordes tordre, mordre, prendre, attaindre, auaindre, and such lyke, puttynge s or z to the d: ye shall have tordz, mordz, prendz, attainz, auaindz: howbeit that ye shall nat sounde the sayde d, accordynge to the sixte rule in the begynnyng of this worke.

Also all those that doth ende in ir, as tenir, uenir, with all them that be dirivate of them: as contenir, maintenir, soubstenir, preuenir, reuenir, paruenir, deuenir, and such lyke, must be all ended in iens, as tiens, viens, contiens,

Page 931

maintiens, soubstiens, preuiens, reuiens, paruiens, deuiens. Sayeng: je tiens, tu tiens, il tient, nous tenons, vous tenes, ilz tienent. There is another sorte endyng in ir, as conuertir, assoupir, appourir, attendrir, benir, bannir, etc. the whiche chaungynge the r in s, ye have conuertis, assoupis, appouris, benis, bannis; sayeng: je bannis, tu bannis, il bannist, nous bannissons, vous bannisses, ilz bannissent; and lykewyse of the tothers. Also there must be many except, as consentir, assentir, mourir, querir, dormir, whiche do make their present: je consens, je assens, je meurs, je quiers, je dors, tu dors, il dort, nous dormons, vous dormes, ilz dorment.

Also there is two other that doth ende in oir, the tone hath an a, in the penultyme syllable, as auoir and scauoir; whiche do make ay and scay in the present. The tother maner hath lyke termynation without an a, as apperceuoir, deuoir, pouruoir, concepuoir, decepuoir, whiche do make their present, japercoy, je doy, je pouruoy, je concoy, je decoy; how be it ualloir and uolloir must be except which do make in the present je vaulz, and voulloir, je veulz, tu ueulz, il ueult, nous uoulons, uous uoules, ilz ueulent.

Also there is another sorte endynge in e, in the infinitive, as,

saying, laughyng, redyng, frieng,
dire, rire, lire, frire, etc.
which make in their present, say, laugh, rede, frye;
dis, ris, lis, fris;

sayeng, je lis, tu lis, il list, nous lisons, vous lises, ilz lisent.

Also there ben others endyng in ore, as clore, shitte, with all his compost, that is to saye, disclore, unshitte, forclore, shitte out, etc. whiche do make in their present, clos, declos, forclos, etc. and for cause that rules ben infinites, and that they ben more necessary for the teacher than for the lernar, I suppose that those above sayd ben sufficyent for the indicative present.

It is to be noted that in the frenche tongue is but two cojugacions: the first shal be discerned and knowen by the first persone plurel nombre of the present in the shewynge moode, for where the sayd fyrst persone hath no s in the seconde sillable before his termination or ende, than it is of the

we love, we have, we bette, we gyve,
first, as in these verbes, aymons, auons, batons, donons,

with such lyke; and where there is an s begynning the last syllable of the forsayd fyrst persone, than it is of the second, as in these verbes, baisons, taisons, brisons, faisons, disons, lisons, pensons, etc.

Page 932

Ye shal note lykewyse that in the indicative mode ye have for the moste parte, foure preterites, that is to say, the imperfect, parfect and indiffinitive with the plusperfect, whiche ben communely founde in all verbes save in them that ben defectives, as it apereth by this verbe,

I say, thou sayest,
je dis, tu dis,
I dyde say;
wherfore the preterit imperfyte is: je disoie;
I sayde,
the perfect, je deis;
I have sayd;
the indiffynitive, jay dit;
I had sayd.
the plusperfect, jauoie dit.

Nevertheles for the most part there is no difference in englysshe betwene the perf. and imperf. that is to say, betwene I dyd say, and I sayd: but bycause it is otherwise in french, I must use the said difference.

OF THE FORMATION OF THE PRETERIT IMPARFYTE.

Ye shall forme the preterit imperf. in all verbes of both conjugations by the fyrst person plurell nombre, turnyng this syllable ons, whiche is in every verbe, in oie for the fyrst conjugation: and sons in soie, in the second, soundynge s, lyke a z, as zons, zoie.

Example for the fyrst conjugation as in this verbe aymons, whiche is the fyrst person plurell nombre of jaime, chaungyng this syllable ons in oie, ye have aimoie; of auons, ye have auoie; of donnons, donnoie.

Example for the seconde conjugation, as in these worde: baisons, turnynge the last syllable, whiche is sons in soie, ye have of brisons, brisoie; of faisons, faisoie; of disons, disoie; and the seconde persone shall termyne in ois, the thirde in oit; the fyrst plurell nombre in ions for the fyrst, and sons for the seconde, as it shall appere clerely in the conjugations herafter folowing, and this rule is infallyble for all preterites imparfyte.

OF THE PRETERIT PARFYTE.

The preterit parfyte, as well of the fyrst as of the seconde conjugation hath dyvers termynations, but there is four speciall, that is to say in us, in is, in ins and in ay.

Example of us: as je bus, je fus, je leus, je congneus, etc.
of is: as je escripuis, je deis, je mis, je feis.
of ins: as je tins, je prins, je uins, japrins.
of ay: as jaimay, je donnay, je baisay, je prisay, je laissay.

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And so the verbe that ende in us shalbe, je bus, tu bus, il but, nous bumes, vous butes, ilz burent.

Example of is: as je feis, tu feis, il feist, nous fismes, vous feistes, ilz firent.
of ins: as je uins, tu uins, il uint, nous uimmes, uous uintes, ilz uindrent.
of ay: as je donnay, tu donnas, il donna, nous donnasmes, vous donnastes, ilz donnerent.

THE PRETERIT INDIFFYNITYVE.

Ye shall ever fourme the preterit indiffynityve with the thre persons, both singuler and plurell nombres of this verbe (have) in the present tensis, saying, jay aymé, I have loved; tu as aymé, thou hast loved; il a aymé, nous auons, uous aues, ilz ont aymé; and likewise of all other verbes with the sayd have, as jay dit, jay bu, jay lu, jay fait.

OF THE FORMATION OF THE PRETER PLUS PARFYTE.

The preterit most parfect is ever formed with the preterit imperfyte of the foresayd verbe (have) as the indiffynityve is with the presente, sayeng I have done, thou haddest done, that is to say, jauoie dit, jauoie aymé, jauoie bus, jauoie requis; and so thorowe the thre persons, never chaungynge the terminacion of the verbe, as jauoie dit, tu auois dit, il auoit dit, nous auions dit, uous auies dit, ilz auoient dit; and so of all other lyke.

THE FUTUR OF THE INDICATYVE.

Ye shall understande that all maner verbes in generall ben termyned in their thre persons synguler and plurell nombres after this wayes: ray, ras, ra: rons, res, ront, so that ye shall take the verbe in the present, and put the s away at the later ende, if it be of the seconde or the fyrst conjugacion, and adde therto the foresayd terminacyon: as in this worde dis, I saye; ye shall take awaye s and adde ray, sayeng diray, diras, dira, dirons, dires, diront. Jaimeray, tu aymeras, il aymera, nous aymerons, uous aymeres, ilz aymeront. There be some verbes must have more addicion, as dors, I slepe, whiche must have mi, added unto it, sayeng, dormiray, and boy, drinke, which sygnify I drinke; ye shal nat say boiray, but buueray, I shall drinke; and so of some other, as doy, ought; and metre, I put. How be it they be all termined with the above sayd termination.

Page 934

OF THE IMPERATIVE, WHICHE SIGNIFYETH COMMAUNDYNG.

The imperative for the most parte is ever lyke the verbe present tensis of the indicatyve moode, leavyng the fyrst persone and puttyng the pronowne after the verbe, for it differs nat: save in the thyrde persone synguler, and plurell nombre of some verbes, as jay, whiche doth make in the thirde person synguler, il a; and the thirde persone of the imperatyve is quil ayt, or ayt cil, ou celuy; and lykewyse of scay. But of the moste parte of others, it is lyke the present, leavyng the fyrst persone, whiche is nat in the imperatyve synguler nombre, as in this verbe jaime, tu aime, il aime, nous aimons, uous aimes, ilz aiment; which his present is that is a lyke in the imperatyve, leavynge the fyrst persone, sayeng aime tu, aime cil, aimons nous, aimes uous, quilz aiment; puttyng ever the pronowne after the verbe.

The sayde imperatyve hath two futures, the tone affyrmatyve, and the tother negatyve, whiche have evermore these frenche wordes going before every person:

do, kepe, se, Se that thou speke; loke that he move nat;
faitz, garde, voy, as in this example: Voy que tu parle; garde quil ne se meuue;

prenons garde que nous ne mouuons, que vous ne mouues; prenez garde quilz ne se meuuent; and lykewise of the affyrmative, leavyng this worde ne.

THE OPTATYVE.

After the olde grammer was wonte to be all one with his preterit imperf. but we shall make hym different from hym, puttyng before the verbe this worde oh, or je vous prie, sayeng, oh que je boiue, je te prie que tu boiue, etc.

The sayd optatyve hath thre preterites, that is to say, imperf., parfyte, and plusperf., puttynge alwayes a ma uoullente, or plust a Dieu before the verbe. The preterit imperf. is moost termyned in usse, inse, and in asse, whiche may serve lykewyse for the present, as in these verbes: Pleust à Dieu que jaimasse; a ma uoullente que tu me congneusse; pleust a Dieu que tu prinsses courage. The parfyte is moche lyke the preterit indiffynityve of the indicatyve, as a ma uoullente que jaie aimé. The plus perfyt hath ever this verbe jeusse (I had) before hym, as jeusse aimé, jeusse dit, etc. His presente doth serve for his future, addyng either tantost or demain, sayeng pleust a Dieu que je uoise demain auec uous; a ma uoullente que deuiegne bon, a ma uoullente quil soit tantost corrige.

Page 935

THE SUBJUNCTIVE OR CONJUNCTIVE.

The conjunctive is lyke the optative in his present and preterittes, save that we say in stede of pleust a Dieu, a ma uoullente; sy, come, quant, or ueu, sayeng for the present, sy je fuisse maintenant, comme jay congneu, quant jeusse sentu.

The sayd conjunctyve hath two futures, the tone hath alwayes this worde mais, goyng before the verbe, as mais que je soie joieulz, etc.

The tother is borowed of the potenciall mode, and hath for his termynation, roy, rois, roit: rions, ries, roient, as jaimeroie, tu aimerois, il aimeroit, nous aimerions, uous aimeries, ilz aimeroient; and likewyse of all others. The termination of the infinityve shall appere in the verbes here after folowyng, wherfore in eschewyng prolixite, I will no further speke of it. The preterit must ever have this verbe infynityve moode: auoir, before hym, as auoir parlé, auoir dit, auoir mordz, etc.

The gerundyve is formed of the infinityve, and of the participle present tensis, as de parler, pour conferer, en communicant, etc. The overthrowen or supins which ben called reuerses, ye shall ever put the preterit parfit or the second futur of the conjunctive before him, sayeng: je te uoulsisse, or je te uouldroye bien aimé de Dieu, etc.

A RULE FOR TO MAKE PARTICIPLES, ADVERBES AND NOWNES
OF THE VERBES FOLOWYNGE.

All maner verbes infinitive mode endyng in er, takyng the r away, ye have the preterit masculin, and addyng an e to the é that remaine, ye have the participle feminin of the preterit tensis, as in this verbe enseigner, take away the r, ye have enseigné, which is masculin, and addyng another e to it, ye have enseignée, which is the preterit feminin, soundyng the first e as a uowel, and if ye adde ment to it, ye shal have enseignement, which is an adverbe, and puttyng both es away, and addyng ant, ye have the participle present, whiche is enseignant, and this rule is generall for the termination. Also all verbes endyng in ir, as uenir, and such as come of him must al change ir in u for the preterit masculyn, and addyng an e to the sayd u for the feminin. Exemple for the masculin, if ye take ir away from uenir, tenir, souuenir, soubstenir, maintenir, and adde u for it, ye shall have, uenu, tenu, souuenu, maintenu, and addyng an e to it, ye shall have the feminin, whiche

Page 936

be, uenue, tenue, souuenue, maintenue, etc. and if ye put away the sayd u and e, and put ant for it, ye shall have the participle present tensis, as uenant, tenant, souuenant, maintenant. There ben other verbes ending in ir, whiche must chaunge the r in e for the feminin, and without the e for the masculin, as benir, take away the r, ye have beny, which is preterit masculin, and adde an e to it, ye have benie, whiche is the feminin, and lykewyse of bannir, banni, bannie; rauy, rauie, and adding ssant to the masculin, ye have banissant, benissant, rauissant. Mourir and querir must be excepted: for mourir hath mort for his masculyn, and morte for the femynyn, and querir, quis and quise; mourant and querant for the participle present tense.

Also those wherof the infynityve termyne or ende in tre, or in dre, the e beyng a consonant, as batre, abatre, combatre, rabatre, debatre: pendre, fendre, deffendre, tendre, rendre, uendre, must all chaunge re in u for the masculyn, sayeng batu, abatu, combatu, pendu, fendu, deffendu, uendu, tondu, addyng an e to it for the femynyn, sayeng batue, uendue, fendue, tondue; ye must except prendre with all his dirivatives, and make pris, prise; repris, reprise; compris, comprise; mespris, mesprise. There ben other that ende in e, as mectre, with all that of hym ben diryvate; whiche must folowe the sayd rule, as permis, permise; mis, mise; demis, demise; commis, commise; promis, promise; remis, remise; compris, etc. and bycause they be noted for the most parte among the Catalogue of verbes, and howe ye shall fourme lykewyse both nownes and adverbes: and also that it is harde for to fynde a rule generall and infallyble, I do here termyne the sayde rules.

HERE AFTER FOLOWETH SOME VERBES AFTER THE LETTERS OF THE A, B, C.

A. to cast downe abattre to barke abaier to stoupe abaisser to araye abiller to bourde aborder

to water abruuer to make a fole or beest abestir to abuse abuser to leane the backe adosser to distroy abolir to make swete adoulcir

to dresse or to order addouber to warne aduertir to touche adeser to auowe aduouer to wyne or to adde adjouter to swere adjurer

Page 937

to go out of the way adirer to clyppe accoller to pacifye accoyser to tryme a woman achesmer to agre accorder to aquent accoynter to gader accumuler to bow downe, croked accroper to accepte accepter to bye acheter to harken accoupter to certyfye acertener to cache with a hoke acrocher to directe adrecer to mynister administrer to ordre at pleasure affaitter to make one lame affoller to make sharpe affiler to put on a mantel affubler

to make fast affycher to make feble affoyblir to make fre affranchir to dresse agencer to tache with a hoke aggrapper to make more greuous aggrauer to tache aggripper to knele agenouller to flatter alechier to cherysshe aloser to gader amasser to wrappe amallotter to tye amarer to wake ambuler to leade amener to mende amender to love aimer to make lesse amaindrir to make softe amollir

to make leane amesgrir to make smale amenuser to heape amonceler to drye adurer to arnat or prepare aourner to gyve sucke allaiter to kyndel alumer to alter alterer to waste anuller to anounce anoncer to appere apparoistre to pacify apaiser to aparel appareiller to call appeller to perceyve apercepuoir to make redy aprester to learne aprendre to flatre with myrth aploudir to aproche aprocher

Page 938

to waxe poore apourir to tame apriuoiser to appoint apointer to leane upon appuier to go before anticiper to make propre aproprier to assemble assembler to assigne assigner to assure asseurer to kyl with a clubbe assommer to fulfyl assouuir to make one bownde asseruir to assople assouldre to make sadde assoupir to invade assailir to consent assentir to flatter assotir to make to swere assermenter to make subget assubgetter

to resemble assimuller to fall in company associer to helpe assister to reste a man arester to enquere one araisonner to come or to lande arriuer to ronde or go about arondir to water or sparcle water arrouser to fal in the company arouter to tye atacher to tary or abyde attendre to dresse atourner to catche subtelly attraper to hitte or ouertake attaindre to reche auaindre to take hede auiser to go about auironner to auance auancer to have auoir

to gyve auctorite auctoriser to somen adjourner to dawne ajourner to jeopard aduenturer to swalow or go downe aualler B to bete battre to buylde baatir to cast butter upon rost bastir to banysshe bannir to bast the roste bassér to stoupe baissér to kysse baisér to mocke bauér to barre a dore barrér to barter baretér to gape beer to gape ll. basllier to blote ll. barbouller

Page 939

to bable lyke a duck barbottér to plee the fole baguenauder to beate at ars bacculer to shake a sworde brandir to brew brassér to bragge braguér to stutte begguér to ete lyke a gote broutér to brawle or to wage bransler to rocke the cradel berchér to hunt beres bersér to blysse benir to begge belistrér to bourde or jape bourdér to bathe baignér to put bouttér to crye or wepe braire to breke briser to speke fayre blandir

to juste behourdér to bargayne barguignér to blame blasmer to swere blasphemér to yexe ll. balliér to bable ll. babillér to swepe baliér to stut balbutér to lyspe besguér to shave barbiér to blasonne blassonnér to drinke boire to eate gredely briffér to springe bourjonér to budde bouttonnér to set a broche brochér to bridel brider to worke besongnér to blotte broullér

to bribe briber to hurte blesser to sethe or boyle boullonner to delve bescher to tourne away bestourner to dounse balloyer to cut busshes buissoner to burne brusler to stutte brettonner to brunishe brunir C to play at cardes carder to trifle cabasser to hide cacer to breke casser to hunte chasser to spit cracer to chope brede chapler to clatter caqueter

Page 940

to rele chanceler to shake canceler to tickel catouller to danse caroler to cloute showes carler to charme charmer to hewe charpenter to carie charier to put on hoses chausser to caffe or warme chauffer to charge charger to do reverence chaproner to over charge crauenter to cherisshe cherir to shyfte cheuir to geder ceullier to certify certifier to walke cheminer to somme citer

to tame cicurer to take right away ciffrer to cleyme clamer to shit clore to halte clocer to cover couurir to guyde conduire to knowe congnoistre to runne courrir to counsell consellér to ronne togider concourrir to correcte corrigér to speke togider conferér to situat colloquér to stoupe coytir to constrayne cohercér to reduce narowly coartér to confounde confoundre to go about costoiér

to compasse compasser to nayle clouér to contryve controuuér to whelpe chiennér to tourne to a purpose conuertir to reken comptér to comprehende comprendre to strive contendre to make composér to compile compilér to discerne concernér to kepe conseruér to comaunde comandér to fortyfe corroborér to constrayne contraindre to graunt consentir to suffre comportér to forgyve condonnér to conceyve concepuoir

Page 941

as liker throw a cloth coulér to corrumpe or corrupt corompre to shrive confessér to deffende cohibér to conforte confortér to ayde consoler to be ydel connuér to be suerte caucionér to sowe coudre to resyste contrestér to lye couchér to beshitte conchiér to winke clignér to drede craindre to feare crennir to burste creuér to farte or to burste crepitér to afferme creancér to crye criér

to bake cuire to smarte cuyre D to dampne damnér to danse dansér to date dattér to cast a dart darder to aske demander to pay the costes deffroiér to disconfit desconfire to defende deffendre to unnayle desclouér to owe debuior to debate debatre to overcome debellér to juge decidér to begile defraudér to go out of the way desuoiér to denye deniér

to spende despendre to unhange despendre to dye deuiér to purpose deliberér to unbynde desliér to devore deuorér to take away destituér to distrempe destrempér to disloge deslogér to deuine deuinér to bacbite detractér to deceyve decepuoir to gyve sentence determinér to discusse desrainér to distroy desmollir to distourbe destourber to untrusse destroussér to deliver deliurér to unneste deuisér

Page 942

to prejudice deroguer to put of rementes ll. despoullér to disprayse desprisér to devise deuisér to come downe descendre to unfolde desuelopér to deprave deprauér to put downe deprimér to make fowle deturpér to unknowe descognoistre to forsake delaissér to devoure deglubér to sease desistér to robbe desrobér to go out of order desreglér to temper destrempér to unbridel desbridér to discharge deschargér to discorde descordér

to put downe desmectre to denye sayeng desdire to put out deboutér to uncover descouurir to take away lande desterrér to disenherite desheritér to breke faste desunér to distroy destruire to dishonoure deshonorér to defyle deflorér to go from merite desmeritér to unpurvey despourueoir to rele desuidér to discorage descoragér to put out of the place desloquér to distroy the people depopulér to take awaye maydenhed despucelér to spoyle despredér to set forth and go back desmarchér

to unbende a crosbowe descochér to clatter out descliquér to unhose deschaussér to spoyle despouller to unbende desbendér to unlace deslachér to make myrth as byrdes degoiger to deserve deseruir to delate delater to distroy dissiper to dispute discepter to dispence dispenser to say dire to have lordeshippe dominer to gyve donnér to slepe dormir to tame domptér to display despliér to unarme desarmér

Page 943

E to sporte esbatre to bashe esbahir to be bawlde esbaudir to blusshe esblouir to here or harken escoutér to set upon the spit embrochér to teche endoctrinér to kepe skowte wache eschauguetér to scarche esgratignér to make softe emollir to wexe harde endurcir to wrappe enfardeler to folde up enueloper to put in the ovyn enfourner to esteme esmér to cromme esmiér to spare espargnér to sparcle espardre

to sparcle about esparpilliér to enforce enforcér to hunt away enchassér to lyghten esclarcir to hyde away esconsér to eschewe escheoir to shake of excutér to bringe to passe executér to be delivered of a childe enfantér to breke enfraindre to sinke enfondrér to sinke enfonsér to set togider narowly enferrer to go out of the way escartér to put or blot out effacer to go out of the way egarér to waxe great engrossir to move esmouuoir to clyppe enbracér

to lyght esclerér to scape eschappér to skyrmysshe escarmuchér to quarter escartelér to mocke escharmir to make afrayde espouentér to be marveyled esmerueillér to gete corage esuertuér to prove esprouuér to spurre esperonnér to understande entendre to cancre ll. enrouillér to waxe madde enragér to waxe riche enrichir to breake entamer to put in prison emprisonnér to grynde esmouldre to stoupe estoupér to sette at large eslargir

Page 944

to sette up erigér to exalte exaltér to styre one exagitér to put out of order exorbitér to be buse exercitér to take without ryght extorquér to distroy exterminér to excuse excusér to shake of escussér to say nay escondire to declare explicquér to declare epiloquér to go about enuironnér to serche nygh expliquér to poyson empoysonnér to wrappe entortillér to flee escorchér to spye espiér to pluc away esraciér

to hope esperér to enmayle esmaillér to stere out the brain esceruelér to clene the nose esmouchér to waxe a slepe endormir to wake esueillér to invade empaindre to press on espraindre to kyndle esprendre to teche enseignér to launch a bote esquipér to shake escouer to set a thyng in the wynde esuentér to drye uppe essuer to be abasshed estonnér to put liker in a vessel entonnér to put in the case estuyér to quenche estaindre to stablisshe establir

to strive estriuér to sparcle estincilér to inforce enforcér to take corage encouragér to encrease encroistre to set a stringe upon a bowe encorder to write escripre to curse escomunier to undertake enprendre to undertake entreprendre to stretche estendre to tye with a chayne enchainér to close enclore to mete encontrér to borowe empruntér to bury ensepuelir to move esmouuoir to waxe riche enrichir to put in the grounde enterrér

Page 945

to stanche estancer to lede away enmener to eschew euitér to set upon a hepe entassér to cut entaillér to folow ensuiuir to dye espirér to kyndle esprendre to lette empeschér to enbrace embrachér to make thicke espessir to ladle espuisér to bere away emportér to exorte enortér to nese estrenuér to sende enuoiér to scratche esgratignér to geve the first hansel estrinér to stoppe estanchér

to pluck up parforce enrachér to kyndle embrasér to waxe fayre embellir to spotte with myre embouér to beshytte embrenér to scalde eschaudér to chaffe eschauffér to pluc from the shelle eschallér to make worse empirér to set in presse empressér to except exceptér to banishe exillér to breke a dere euiscerér F to talke fabulér to forge fabricquér to go about nought fatroullér to fantesy fantasiér to mow faulchér

to penetre faussér to make false falsifiér to fayle faillir to do faire to paint as women do farder to wrappe fardeler to play or mocke farcér to stuffe mete farsir to feyne faindre to facion a thynge fassonnér to helpe fauorisér to make one wery facér to fawne faonnér to swadel fachér to make fertil fecondér to cleve fendre to strike ferir to make hay fenér to make feste festoiér

Page 946

to put the levain fermenter to show horses ferrér to shytt fermér to forme or shape figurér to spinne filér to kasten a thynge on the grounde fichér to congele foitir to melte fondre to forge forger to hurte or to dresse cloth fouller to serche ll. fouller to furre fourrer to provaile fourboullir to go out of the way fouruier to waxe madde forsener to be killed with tempest fouldroier to play the fole folloier to confort a membre with a bathe fomenter to donge fienter

to lay out fonser to shitte out forclore to furbisshe fourbir to banisshe forbanir to forfect forfaire to draw from another fortraire to forswere forjurer to scourge fouetter to fly fouir to fetche vitall fourrager to go from the lyne forligner to enforce forcer to shape former to use idel wordes flagorner to flatter flatter to smell flairer to tormente flageller to pipe flajoller to wade flaistrir

to bow fleschir to florisshe flourir to haunte frequenter to quake fremir to frye fricquassér to frye frire to play the galant fringner to shake of the ague frissonnér to bruse froiér to rubbe frotér to breake froissér to ronne away fouir to assyst fulcir to thretten fulminér to fume fumér to disceyve frustrér G to mocke gabér to lay a wayes gagér

Page 947

to gage a vessell gaugér to distroy any thyng garconnér to kepe gardér to garnysshe garnir to graunt garantir to galope a horse galloper to lette blode garsér to clatter garrulér to waste gaistér to rejoise gaudir to make mery, or to prike gallér to wynne gaigner to lye downe gesir to dresse gencér to frese gellér to turmente gehinér to confesse gehir to playne gemir to double geminér

to tourne gerér to discryve the world or therth geographer to springe germiner to eate as a glotton gourmander to say meate gouster to droppe goutter to governe gouuerner to parbreke gosiller to barke as a fulmer glatir to gleane glenner to glorifye glorifier to glose gloser to folde togyder glomerer to glew glutiner to clawe grater to grave or sculpe grauer to noy greuer to grese botes gresser to hayle gresler

to sclyde ll. griller to sclyde glisser to scratche griffer to grynne gn. grigner to gryppe or to clyme gripper to grudge gn. grongner to curle as a cattle gruler to heale guerir to rewarde guerdonner to forsake guerpir to caste geler to make warre guerroier to complayne guermenter to voyde guenchir to lyfte up guinder to gyde guyder to watche guetter to loke with one eye guigner

Page 948

H to leave alone habandonner to have plentie habonder to cutte small hacher to haunte hanter to be sonne burnde hasler to plucke up ll. haller to rele threde hapler to catche happer to harpe herper to hate hair to pyke a quarell harceler to pyke a quarell harier to ryse up haulser to play at dyce hasarder to harborowe hebreger to lodge hosteler to harowe hercher to ney as a horse hennir

to succede to heritage heriter to move hobber to be wery hoder to spotte honnir to make one ashame hontoier to grudge gn. hongner to put on botes houser to wynde up housser to calle hucher to suppe humer to humme huner to stryke with horns hurter to be meke humilier to hurtel togider hurteler to make a creste lyke a coke fighting hurer to houle as a dogge huler to set up the heres as a hedge dog herissonner I to boost jacter

to chatter as byrdes jargonner to folowe imiter to trouble infester to say unto inferer to injury injurier to put upon inculquer to call inciter to bringe in introduire to stablysh a bisshop introniser to put in parforce intruser to enquere interroguer to teache instruire to attempte inuestiguer to finde inuenter to make unhappe infortuner to move instiguer to reprove improperer to wrappe intriguer to sacrify immoler

Page 949

to invade inuader to intoxicat infectioner to be importunat importuner to require implorer to call inuocquer to gete impetrer to put on imputer to jeopart ingerer to inspire inspirer involver to printe imprimer to cal to inviter to ordenne instituer to let interpeller to induce induire to teche or bringe in introduire to juste jouster to play jouer to joine joindre

to fast juner to juge juger to swere jurer to justify justifier to do justice justicier to angre irriter to winter iuerner to go out issir to cut the trouth juguler to ronne upon one irruer to use dronkenship iurongner L to labour labourer to lace lacer to lose or let go lascer to provoke lacesser to leave laisser to wery lasser to lance lancer

to stele larciner to sile a wale lambroisser to complayne lamenter to drinke as a dogge lapper to wepe larmoier to wepe lacrimer to stone to deth lapider to larde larder to lathe with lathes latter to wache lauer to lyke lescher to lyfte leuer to lure, as a hawke leurer to tye lier to fyle as a smyte limer to deliver liurer to rede lire to here louer to lawde loer

Page 950

to shine luire to wrestell luiter M to chewe macher to mary marier to angre marir to blaspheme maulgrier to barguine marchander to martir martirer to martir martiriser to mastry maistrier to waxe leane maigrir to worke as a mason massonner to mainteyn maintenir to curse mauldire to handle manier to make foule maculer to make blacke machurer to trede marcher

to marke marquer to hamer marteler to putte mectre to begge mendier to muse mediter to eate menger to thanke mercier to backebyte mesdire to medyll mesler to reken falce mescompter to do a mysse mesprendre to disprease mespriser to murdre meurdrir to lye mentir to deserve meriter to mysknowe mescognoistre to loke in a glasse mirer to dyg in the grounde miner to lede mener

to asswage metiguer to shewe monstrer to mortifie mortifier to grounde mouldre to move mouuoir to make a molde mouller to wite ll. mouller to mue as a hawke muer to hide mucer to fortify munir to multiply multiplier to go to hervest moissonner all one messonner to playe the husbande mesnager to byte mordre to dye mourir to mounte monter to swepe the nose moucer to morfounde morfoundre

Page 951

to mocke mocquer to put one yvell maumectre to mysdo mesfaire all one mesprendre N to swym nager to shewe narrer to serve at tennes nacqueter to give posession nantir to wounde naurer to be borne naistre to make mattes nater to set sinewes on a sadle neruer to make clene nettoier to denye nier to bride nidger to snuf with the nose niffler to becke with hedde niquer to knytte nouer

to swimme noer to drowne noier to nombre nombrer to notte notter to nourishe norir to shade noncer to make black noircer to certify notiffier to name nommer to hurt nuyre to strive noisir O to obaye obair to be ocupyed occuper to darken obscurer to say yvell obtrecter to obtaine obtenir to bynde obliger to binde is all one obliger

bloted forgotten obliterer to forgette oublier to withstande obuier to darken obfusquer to offende offencer to offrende offrir to kyll occire to hide occulter to make fole ordoier to ordayne ordonner to leve obmectre to hurte oultrager to uttre oultrer to obtaine obtenir to graunte obtemperer to constrayne opprimer to opose oposer to wene oppiner to oppresse oppresser

Page 952

to dare oser to pray orer to enoisel as a hauke oisiler to warye ourdir to worke ouurer to open ouurir to take awaye oster to here ouir to graunte ottroier P to forgyve pardonner to prepare parer to speke parler to painte paindre to forswere parjurer to parforme parformer to make an ende parfaire to lese perdre to passe passer

to perce percer to perceyve percepuoir to suffre permectre to waye peser to thynke penser to do perpetrer to perysshe pericliter to synne pecher to fysshe pescher to preache prescher to penetre or throwe penetrer to presente presenter to contynew preseruer to lose perdre to farte petter to knede pestrir to warantise pleuir to bere porter to thynke pourpenser

to walke pourmener to prove prouuer to wepe plourer to dowke plonger to lye down as a hore prostituer to brynge forthe produire to shuldre pousser to powte poussir to bowe ploier to fole as a mare poulener to pygge as a sowe pourceler to sette planter to playde plaider to please plaire to plane planer to make even planier to lay a thynge downe or to rest poser to combe the hedde gn. pigner to pysse pisser

Page 953

to prycke picquer to stampe piller to robbe ll. piller to take awaye priuer to banysshe prescripre to presuppose presuposer to beare perhiber to defende prohiber to procure procurer to say before predire to prayse priser to make poudre pulueriser to multiply as birdes pululler to purchase purchasser to polisshe as silver polire to caste downe precipiter to publysshe publier to sounde pasmer to complayne plaindre

to lade out water puiser to suffre permectre Q to double furre quadrupler to square quarer to square quadrer to stoupe quatir to douke ou coitir to sertche or demande querir to pyke a quarell quereller to begge as a pardoner quester to move a questyon questionner to begge quemander to quyte quitter to begge quoquiner to play the fole quocarder R to bring lower rabaisser to bate of a somme rabattre

to bring agayne ramener to gyve yll wordes ramponer to ravysshe rauir to take away all raser to raunsome ranconner to overtake rataindre to rake with a rake rateler to rampe as a cat ramper to remembre agayne ramenteuoir to alowe it ratifier to refresshe raffreschir to recreate recreér to spyll respandre to answere respondre to rejoyce resjouir to refuse refuser to feare resuer to reduce reduire to refuce recuser

Page 954

to lament regretter to restore rendre to rebounde rebunder to reprove reprouuer to rest reposer to grudge gn. recigner to eate at after noon reciner to restore restituer to reherce recencer to resygne resigner to go backe reculer to reforme refermer to shave rere to reherce referer to releve releuer to bewray reueler to reherce reciter to repete repeter to repugne repugner

to revoke reuocquer to restore in agayne restablir to restrayne restraindre to robbe rober to cancre ll. rouiller to stare ll. rouller to role rouller to snore ronfler to gnawe ronger to ruffle rouffler to take all away riffler to ryme rimer to rowe rymer to woe a woman rouuer to speke in ones ere runer to use subtilte ruser to repete by him self ruminer to strike agayne reuerberer to shine resplendir

to rewarde remunerer to reise agayn resouldre to bye agayne racheter S to salte saller to salute saluer to lepe saulter to ken scauoir to blede saigner to yelke sangloutir to save sauluer to tast sauuorer to heale saner to halowe sainctifier to sacrify sacrifier to wede yvel herbes sarcler to grave sculper to saciate saouler to satisfie satisfaire

Page 955

to saw semer to somme semondre to serve seruir to preche sermonner to sojourne sojourner to devide segreger to devyde separer to gyve jugement sentencier to signe signer to sporte solager to suffre souffrir to suspecte soupeconner to sawe soier to wysshe souhaiter to overcome sourmonter to subdue soubmectre to dreame songer to slombre sommeiller to assoyle souldre

to syghe soupirer to beare or staye soubstenir to remembre souuenir to come sodenly souruenir to swete suer to set seoir to sowke sucher to folow suiuir to succede succeder to take sodenly surprendre to ayde suffulter to rone over suronder to soupe soupper to kare soucier to surname sournommer to helpe up sustenter to strayne serrer to flater sugerer to over wene surcuider

to be sodenly afraide soursaillir to suffice suppeter to withdrawe soubstraire to begyle suplanter to calcule or nombre supputer to be delygent songnier T to blot or spote tacher to go about tacer to tabure tabourer to prike with heles tallonner to syfte tamisser to dye taindre to dresse ledder tanner to pike quarel tarier to grope or taste taster to taxe taxer to cut ll. tailler to taxe tausser

Page 956

to bende or go about tendre to shere tondre to ley a tente tenter to tempte tenter to abide temporiser to make besynesse tempester to tempre temprer to holde tenir to make one wery tenner to vade ternir to ende terminer to karve trancher to chide tencer to plat heres trescher to draw tirer to styrre the fyre tiser to dresse a woman tiffer to clyppe heares touser to tourne tourner

to swepe torcher to bete torcer to take away tollir to medle ll. touller to coughe toussir to wip teurdre to traite traiter to go overthwarde trauerser to forshape transmuer to trace, as a hare tracér to strike or blot out tracér to sounde transir to sende transmectre to transporte transporter to betray trahir to tremble trembler to draw trainer to find trouuer to travayle ll. trauailler

to begyle tromper to trusse trousser to cut in gobettes tronchonner to falle tumber to kylle tuer to mocke trouffer to tormente tourmenter to just or fyght tournoier to begge truander to go thorow trespercher to expownde tropographer to drawe or to milke a cowe traire to crye crier U to varye uaciller to vayncquysshe uaincre to be worthe ualloir to fanne corne uaner to boste uanter

Page 957

to varye uarier to be avenged uenger to go aboute uacquer to selle uendre to comme uenir to fysel uener to uernysshe uernir to boxe uentouser to verifye uerifier to make verses uersifier to serche the uttermoste uentiler

to lye on the bely uentrouller to fil the cup uerser to make wynde uenter to shyt the bolte uerrouller to make grene uerdoier to shame uergonder to fysell uessir all one uesner to watche ll. uellier to se ueoir

to muse uiser to vysyte uiseter to live uiure to turne uirer to shame uituperer to pisse uriner to put out uoyder to devoure uorrer to gather grapes uendenger to make shadowe umbroier

Here consequently foloweth the conjugations wherof the fyrst shalbe tourned in one tens, synguler nombre and plurell, sixe and thirty maner awaye, every person sixe maner wayes, that is to say, the affyrmatyve thre wayes and the negatyve lykewise; as whan I say: I have, which is affyrmation or grauntyng, if ye do turne it, ye shall have, have I. And if ye put this worde, why, before it, ye shall have a questyon, as: why have I, and lykewyse of the negation or denying, whiche is, I have nat; turne it, ye have, have nat I: and puttyng why before it, ye have a question, whiche is: why have nat I. And in lyke maner thorowe every persone synguler and plurell; and so shall it be sixe and thirty wayes in one tens, and this rule is generall for every verbe.

Also there is another maner, whiche shall serve for every verbe lykewyse, and shalbe turned in one tens an hundred and eyght wayes, with thre pronownes, that is to say: me, the, hym.

Example for the fyrst persone: I have me, I have the, I have hym. And

Page 958

we tourne it, we shall have: have I me, have I the, have I hym. Than puttyng why before it, we shall have: Why have I me, why have I the, why have I hym; and this is nyne wayes in the affyrmatyve.

Nowe, if ye do lykewise in the negatyve, ye shall have other nyne wayes, as whan ye say: I have nat me, I have nat the, I have nat him, and tournyng it, ye have: have I nat me, have I nat the, have I nat hym; and puttyng why before, I have: why have nat I me, why have nat I the, why have nat I hym. And doynge lykewise of the seconde persone and the thyrde, and consequently with the plurell nombre, ye shall have syx tymes eightene variable and sondry wayes, which do amount to an hundred and viii wayes in one tense, and may be lykewise of every verbe; and if ye do take but the fyrste worde of every persone, ye shall have a syngle conjugacion, as: I have, thou hast, he hath: we have, ye have, they have, etc.

Page 959

Here after foloweth the fyrst conjugation whiche is sixe and thyrty wayes
in the presente, and lykewyse of every preteryte and future,
in every tense and mode, except all the imperatyves the
present of the optatyves. And bycause we can nat specifye
by our wordes any of our dedes, signyfyeng action,
without this verbe (have) we shall begyn with
the same, addyng to it a worde or two for
to shewe an example, howe one may
make dyverse and many sentences
with one worde, and percon-
sequent come shortely
to the french
speche.

Page 960

THE INDICATYVE PRESENT.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

I have jay have I ay je have I ay je I have nat je nay pas have nat I nay je pas have nat I nay je pas

great desyre grant desir great desyre grand desir

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

thou hast tu as hast thou as tu hast thou as tu thou hast nat tu nas pas hast thou nat nas tu pas hast thou nat nas tu pas

good appetyte bon appetit good appetyte bon appetit

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

he hath il a hath he a il hath he a il he hath nat il na pas hath he nat nas tu pas hath he nat nas tu pas

sorowe deul sorowe deul

Page 961

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

we have nous auons have we auons nous have we auons nous we have nat nous nauons mie have nat we nauons nous mie have nat we nauons nous mie

joye joie joye joie

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

ye have uous auéz have we auons nous have we auons nous ye have nat uous nauéz point have ye nat nauéz uous point have ye nat nauéz uous point

right droit right droit

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

they have ilz ont have they ont ilz have they ont ilz they have nat ilz nont pas have they nat nont ilz pas have they nat nont ilz pas

shame honte shame honte

Page 962

THE PRETERIT IMPARFYTE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

I dyd have, or I was havyng, or I had jauoy had I auoy je had I auoy je I had nat je nauoy point had nat I nauoy je point had nat I nauoy je point

good hope bonne esperance good hope bonne esperance

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

thou haddes tu auois haddest thou auois tu haddest thou auois tu thou haddest nat tu nauois mie haddest thou nat nauois tu mie haddest thou nat nauois tu mie

great feare belle peur great feare belle peur

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

he dyd have or had il auoit had he auoit il had he auoit il he had nat il nauoit pas had nat he nauoit il pas had nat he nauoit il pas

understandyng entendement understandyng entendement

Page 963

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

we had nous auions had we auions nous had we auions nous we had nat nous nauions pas had nat we nauions nous pas had nat we nauions nous pas

layser loisir layser loisir

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

they had ilz auoient had they auoient ilz had they auoient ilz they had nat ilz nauoient pas had they nat nauoient ilz pas had they nat nauoient ilz pas

well sayd bien dit well sayd bien dit

Page 964

THE PRETERIT PARFYTE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

I had je eus had I eus je had I eus je I had nat je neus pas had nat I neus je pas had nat I neus je pas

fayre pastyme beau passe temps fayre pastyme beau passe temps

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

thou haddest tu eus haddest thou eus tu haddest thou eus tu thou haddest nat tu neus point haddest nat thou neus tu point haddest nat thou neus tu point

moche a do a besongnier moche a do a besongnier

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

he had il eust had he eust il had he eust il he had nat il neust pas had nat he neust il pas had nat he neust il pas

that that he sought ce quil cerchoit that that he sought ce quil cerchoit

Page 965

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

we had nous eusmes had we eusmes nous had we eusmes nous we had nat nous neusmes pas had nat we neusmes nous pas had nat we neusmes nous pas

good corage bon courage good corage bon courage

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

ye had uous eustes had ye eustes uous had ye eustes uous ye had nat uous neustes pas had nat ye neustes uous pas had nat ye neustes uous pas

the prise le pris the prise le pris

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

they had ilz eurent had they eurent ilz had they eurent ilz they had nat ilz neurent pas had they nat neurent ilz pas had they nat neurent ilz pas

the aduauntage laduantage the aduauntage laduantage

Page 966

THE PRETERIT INDIFFYNITYVE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

I have had jay eu have I had ay je eu have I had ay je eu I have nat had je nay pas eu have nat I had nay je pas eu have nat I had nay je pas eu

to drinke a boire to drinke a boire

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

thou hast had tu as eu hast thou had as tu eu hast thou had as tu eu thou hast nat had tu nas pas eu hast thou nat had nas tu pas eu hast thou nat had nas tu pas eu

thurst soif thurst soif

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

he hath had il a eu hath he had a il eu hath he had a il eu he hath nat had il na pas eu hath he nat had na il pas eu hath he nat had na il pas eu

to eate a manger to eate a manger

Page 967

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

we have had nous auons eu have we had auons nous eu have we had auons nous eu we have nat had nous nauons pas eu have we nat had nauons nous pas eu have we nat had nauons nous pas eu

patience pacience pacyence pacience

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

ye have had uous auez eu have ye had auéz uous eu have ye had auéz uous eu ye have nat had uous nauéz pas eu have ye nat had nauéz uous pas eu have ye nat had nauéz uous pas eu

nede necessite nede necessite

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

they have had ilz ont eu have they had ont ilz eu have they had ont ilz eu they have nat had ilz nont pas eu have they nat had nont ilz pas eu have they nat had nont ilz pas eu

their wages leur gages their wages leur gages

Page 968

THE PRETERIT MOST PARFYTE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

I had had jauoy eu had I had auoy je eu had I had auoy je eu I had nat had je nauoy pas eu had nat I had nauoy je pas eu had nat I had nauoy je pas eu

the payne la paine the payne la paine

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

thou haddest had tu auois eu haddest thou had auois tu eu haddest thou had auois tu eu thou haddest nat had tu nauois pas eu haddest thou nat had nauois tu pas eu haddest thou nat had nauois tu pas eu

profyte prouffit profyte prouffit

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

he had had il auoit eu had he had auoit il eu had he had auoit il eu he had nat had il nauoit pas eu had he nat had nauoit il pas eu had he nat had nauoit il pas eu

damage domage damage domage

Page 969

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

we had had nous auions eu had we had auions nous eu had we had auions nous eu we had nat had nous nauions pas eu had we nat had nauions nous pas eu had we nat had nauions nous pas eu

wynnyng gagnage wynnyng gagnage

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

ye had had nous auions eu had ye had auions nous eu had ye had auions nous eu ye had nat had nous nauions pas eu had ye nat had nauions nous pas eu had ye nat had nauions nous pas eu

losse perte losse perte

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

they had had ilz auoient eu had they had auoient ilz eu had they had auoient ilz eu they had nat had ilz nauoient pas eu had they nat had nauoient ilz pas eu had they nat had nauoient ilz pas eu

their pleasure pleur plaisir their pleasure leur plaisir

Page 970

THE FUTURE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

I shall have je aray shall I have aray je shall I have aray je I shall nat have je naray pas shall nat I have naray je pas shall nat I have nanaray je pas

better fortune meilleur fortune better fortune meilleur fortune

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

thou shalte have tu aras shalte thou have aras tu shalte thou have aras tu thou shalte nat have tu naras pas shalte thou nat have naras tu pas shalte thou nat have naras tu pas

moche a do bien a faire moche a do bien a faire

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

he shall have il ara shall he have ara il shall he have ara il he shall nat have il nara pas shall he nat have nara il pas shall he nat have nara il pas

a strawe ung festu a strawe ung festu

Page 971

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

we shall have nous arons shall we have arons nous shall we have arons nous we shall nat have nous narons pas shall we nat have narons nous pas shall we nat have narons nous pas

that that we wene ce que nous cuidons that that we wene ce que nous cuidons

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

ye shall have uous aréz shall ye have aréz uous shall ye have aréz uous ye shall nat have uous naréz point shall ye nat have naréz uous point shall ye nat have naréz uous point

your purpose uostre purpose uostre purpose ce que nous cuidons

why pourquoy why pourquoy

---

they shall have ilz aront shall they have aront ilz shall they have aront ilz they shall nat have ilz naront pas shall they nat have naront ilz pas shall they nat have naront ilz pas

the goyng for the comming laler pour le uenir the goyng for the comming laler pour le uenir

Page 972

THE IMPARATYVE WHICHE IS SYNGLE.

Have thou selfe, have the selfe, have he
Ay tu mesme, ay toi mesme, ayt il,
Have him, have she.--have we, have ye.
Ayt celuy, ayt celle.--aions nous, aiéz uous.
Have they.
Aient ceulz, ou celles.

THE FUTURE.

Loke that thou have, that he have, that we have, that ye have, that they have.
Garde que tu aye, quil ait, que nous aions, que uous aiéz, quilz aient.

THE SECONDE FUTURE NEGATYVE.

Do that thou have nat, do that he have nat, do that we have nat, that ye have nat,
Fais que tu naye point, quil nait pas, que nous naions mie, que uous naiéz pas,
that they have nat.
quilz naient pas.

The optatyve whiche is syngle lykewyse, the which shall serve for a future, with an addicion of the tyme to come, as tantost or demain, etc.

I praye you that I have, that thou have, that he have,
Je uous prie que jaye, que tu aie, quil ayt,
With my wyll that we have, that ye have, that they have.
A ma uoullenté que nous ayons, que uous aiéz, quilz aient.

The preterit imparfyte, whiche may serve lykewyse for the present, after the olde grammer.

Wolde God that I had, that thou hadest, that he had.
Pleust a Dieu que je eusse, que tu eusse, quil eust.
Wolde God that we had, that ye had, that they had.
Pleust a Dieu que nous eussions, que uous eussiéz, quilz eussent.

THE PRETERIT PARFYTE.

Wolde to God that I have had, that thou, that he.
A ma uoullenté que jaye eu, que tu aie eu, quil ait eu.
Wolde to God that we have had, that ye have had, that they have had.
A ma uoullenté que nous aions eu, que uous aiez eu, quilz aient eu.

Page 973

THE PRETERIT MOST PARFYTE.

O if I had had, thou hadest had, he had had.
O sy jeusse eu, tu eusse eu, il eust eu.
O if we had had, ye had had, they had had.
O sy nous eussions eu, uous eussiés eu, ilz eussent eu.

The subjunctyve is lyke the optatyve save the future sayeng, comme or quant.

I have
jaye
thou have of custome
Comme tu aye de coustome
he have
il ayt
we have, ye have they have.
Comme nous aions, uous aiéz, ilz ayent.

THE PRETERITE IMPARFYTE.

As I had or dyd have, as thou haddest, as he had, as
Comme jeusse ou jauois, comme tu eusses ou auois, comme il eust ou auoit, comme
we had or dyd have, as ye had, as they had.
nous eussons ou auions, comme uous eusséz ou auyés, comme ilz eussent ou auoient.

THE PRETERITE PARFYTE.

As I have had, as thou hast had, as he hath had, as we have had,
Comme jaye eu, comme tu aye eu, comme il ayt eu, comme nous ayons eu,
as ye have had, as they have had.
comme uous ayéz eu, comme ilz ayént eu.

THE PRETERITE PLUSPARFYTE.

If I had had, if thou hadest had, if he had had, if we had had, if ye had
Se jeusse eu, se tu eusse eu, se il eust eu, se nous eussions eu, se uous eussiez
had, if they had had.
eu, se ilz eussent eu.

The fyrst future, which may be tourned XXXVI maner of wayes as the indicatyve.

As I shulde have, thou he we
Comme jaroie, tu arois, il aroit, nous arions,
ye shulde have, they shulde have.
uous ariez, ilz aroient.

Page 974

THE SECONDE FUTURE.

So that I have, that thou have, that he have, that we have, that ye have,
that they have.
Mais que jaye, que tu aye, quil ayt, que nous aions, que vous ayes,
quilz ayent.

THE INFINITIF.

To have.
Auoir.
THE PRETERIT. To have had.
Auoir eu.
GERUNDIVES. To have, for to have, in havynge.
Dauoir, pour auoir, en ayant.
THE OVERTHROWEN or I you wolde had, I you desire had.
SUPINS. Je uous uouldroie eu, je vous desire eu.

And thus endeth the conjugation of this verbe, have.

Here foloweth a conjugation of an hundred and eight wayes in one
tence onely, wher ye shall reherce twise the interrogatyves
of bothe the affirmatyve and negatyve: the fyrst
tyme as it standeth written, and the seconde tyme,
puttinge outher why or howe before it.

THE FYRST PERSONE.

I knowe me, I knowe the, I knowe hym.
Je me congnoy, je te congnoy, je le congnoy.
Why knowe I me, why knowe I the, why knowe I hym.
Pourquoy me congnoy je, pourquoy te congnoy je, pourquoy le congnoy je.
I knowe nat me, I knowe nat the, I knowe nat hym.
Je ne me congnoy pas, je ne te congnoy pas, je ne le congnoy pas
Howe knowe nat I me, howe knowe nat I the, howe knowe nat I hym.
Come ne me congnoy je pas, come ne te congnoy je pas, come ne le congnoy je pas

THE SECOND PERSONE.

Thou knowest me, thou the, thou him.
Tu me congnois, tu te congnois, tu le congnois.
How knowest thou me, how thou the, howe thou hym.
Come me congnois tu, come te congnoys tu, come le congnoys tu.

Page 975

Thou knowest nat me, thou nat the, thou nat hym.
Tu ne me congnois pas, tu ne te congnois pas, tu ne le congnois pas.
Howe knowest thou nat me, howe thou nat the, howe thou nat hym.
Come ne me congnoys tu pas, come ne te congnois tu pas, come ne le congnois tu pas.

THE THIRDE PERSON.

He knewe me, he the, he him.
Il me congnoit, il te congnoit, il le congnoit.
Howe knewe he me, howe he the, howe he him.
Come me congnoit il, come te congnoit il, come le congnoit il.
He knewe nat me, he nat the, he nat him.
Il ne me congnoit pas, il ne te congnoyt pas, il ne le congnoit pas.
How knewe nat he me, howe nat he the, howe nat he him.
Come ne me congnoit il pas, come ne te congnoit il pas, come ne le congnoit il pas.

THE PLUREL NOMBRE.

We knowe us, we you, we them.
Nous nous congnoissons, nous uous congnoissons, nous les congnoissons.
How know we us, how we you, how we them.
Come nous cognoissons nous, come uous cognoissons nous, come les cognoissons nous.
We know us nat, we you nat, we them nat.
Nous ne nous cognoissons pas, nous ne uous cognoissons pas, nous ne les cognoissons pas.
Why do we nat know us, why do we nat you,
Pourquoy ne nous cognoissons nous pas, pourquoy ne uous cognoissons nous pas,
why do we nat them.
pourquoy ne les congnoissons nous pas.

THE SECONDE PERSONE.

Ye us know, ye you know, ye them know.
Uous nous cognoissés, uous uous cognoissés, uous les congnoissés.
Howe know ye us, how you us, how they us.
Come nous congnoissés uous, come uous congnoissés uous, come les congnoissés uous.
Ye know us nat, ye you nat, you them
Uous ne nous congnoissés pas, uous ne uous congnoissés pas, uous ne les congnoissés
nat.
pas.
How know ye nat us, how ye nat you, how
Come ne nous cognoissés uous pas, come ne uous congnoissés uous pas, come ne les
ye nat them.
cognoissés uous pas.

Page 976

THE THYRDE PERSONE.

They know us, they you, they them.
Ilz nous congnoissent, ilz uous congnoissent, ilz les congnoissent.
How know they us, how they you, how they them.
Come nous congnoissent ilz, come uous congnoissent ilz, come les congnoissent ilz.
They dyd nat know us, they dyd nat you, they dyd nat them.
Ilz ne nous cognoissent pas, ilz ne uous congnoissent pas, ilz ne les congnoissent pas.
How know they nat us, how they nat you,
Come ne nous cognoissent ilz pas, come ne uous cognoissent ilz pas,
howe they nat them.
come ne les cognoissent ilz pas.

THE PRETERIT IMPARFET.

I dyd know me, I dyd the, I dyd him.
Je me cognoissoie, je te cognoissoie, je le cognoissoie.
How dyd I know me, how dyd I the, how dyd I him.
Come je me cognoissoye je, come te cognoissoie je, come le cognoissoie je.
I dyd nat knowe me, I dyd nat the, I dyd nat him.
Je ne me cognoissoie pas, je ne te congnoissoie pas, je ne le congnoissoie pas.
Why dyd nat I know me, how dyd I nat you,
Pourquoy ne me cognoissoie je pas, pourquoy ne te cognoissoie je pas,
how dyd nat I him.
pourquoy ne le congnoissoie je pas.

THE SECONDE PERSONE.

Thou dydest knew me, thou dydest the, thou dydest him.
Tu me cognoissois, tu te cognoissois, tu le cognoissois.
How dydest thou know me, howe dydest thou the, how dydest thou him.
Come me cognoissois tu, come te cognoissois tu, come le congnoissois tu.
Thou dydest nat know me, thou dydest nat the, thou dydest nat him.
Tu ne me cognoissois pas, tu ne te cognoissois pas, tu ne le cognoissois pas.
How dydest thou nat know me, how dydest thou nat the, how dydest thou nat him.
Come ne me congnoissois tu pas, come ne te congnoissois tu pas, come ne le congnoissois tu pas.

THE THYRDE PERSONE.

He dyd know me, he dyd the, he dyd hym.
Il me cognoissoit, il te cognoissoit, il le cognoissoit.

Page 977

Howe dyd he knowe me, how dyd he the, howe dyd he hym.
Come me cognoissoit il, come te cognoissoit il, come le congnoissoit il.
He dyd nat knowe me, he dyd nat the, he dyd nat hym.
Il ne me cognoissoit pas, il ne te cognoissoit pas, il ne le cognoissoit pas.
How dyd nat he know me, howe dyd nat he the, how dyd nat he him.
Come ne me congnoissoit il pas, come ne te congnoissoit il pas, come ne le congnoissoit il pas.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We dyd knowe us, we dyd you, we dyd them.
Nous nous congnoissions, nous uous congnoissions, nous les congnoissions.
Howe dyd we knowe us, howe dyd we you, how dyd we them.
Come nous congnoissions nous, come uous congnoissions nous, come les congnoissions nous.
We dyd nat know us, we dyd nat you, we dyd nat them.
Nous ne nous congnoissions pas, nous ne uous congnoissions pas, nous ne les congnoissions pas.
Why dyd nat we know us, why dyd nat we know you,
why dyd nat we know them.
Pourquoy ne nous congnoissions nous pas, pourquoy ne uous cognoissions nous pas,
pourquoy ne les congnoissions nous pas.

THE SECONDE PERSONE.

Ye dyd knowe us, ye dyd knowe you, ye dyd knowe them.
Uous nous cognoissés, uous uous cognoissés, uous les cognoissés.
Howe dyd ye knowe us, howe dyd ye knowe you, how dyd ye know them.
Come nous cognoissés uous, come uous cognoissés uous, come les congnoissés uous.
Ye dyd nat know us, ye dyd nat know you, ye dyd nat know them.
Uous ne nous congnoissés pas, uous ne uous cognoissés pas, uous ne les congnoissés pas.
Howe dyd ye nat knowe us, how dyd ye nat know you,
how dyd ye nat know them.
Come ne nous cognoissés uous pas, come ne uous cognoissés uous pas,
come ne les cognoissés uous pas.

THE THYRDE PERSONE.

They dyd know us, they dyd you, they dyd them.
Ilz nous cognoissoient, ilz uous cognoissoient, ilz les cognoissoient.

Page 978

How dyd they know us, how dyd they you, how dyd they them.
Come nous congnoissoient ilz, come uous congnoissoient ilz, come les cognoissoient ilz.
They dyd nat know us, they dyd nat you, they dyd nat them,
Ilz ne nous cognoissoient pas, ilz ne uous cognoissoient pas, ilz ne les cognoissoient pas.
How dyd they nat know us, how dyd they nat you, how dyd they
Come ne nous cognoissoient ilz pas, come ne uous cognoissoient ilz pas, come ne les
nat them,
cognoissoient ilz pas.

THE PRETERIT PARFET.

I knew me, I the, I him.
Je me cogneus, je le cogneus, je le cogneus.
How knew I me, how I the, how I him.
Come me cogneus je, come te cogneus je, come le cogneus je.
I knewe nat me, I nat the, I nat him.
Je ne me cogneus pas, je ne le cogneus pas, je ne le congneus pas.
Howe knew nat I me, howe nat I the, howe nat I him.
Come ne me cogneus je pas, come ne te congneus je pas, come ne le cogneus je pas.

THE SECONDE PARSONE.

Thou knewest me, thou the, thou him.
Tu me cogneus, tu te cogneus, tu le cogneus.
Why knewest the me, why the the, why the him.
Pourquoy me cogneus tu, pourquoy te cogneus tu, pourquoy le cogneus tu.
Thou knewest nat me, thou nat the, thou nat him.
Tu ne me cogneus pas, tu ne te cogneus pas, tu ne le cogneus pas.
How knewest thou nat me, how thou nat the, how thou nat him.
Come ne me cogneus tu pas, come ne te congneus tu pas, come ne le cogneus tu pas.

THE THYRDE PERSONE.

He knew me, he the, he him.
Il me congneut, il te congneut, il le cogneut.
How knew he me, how he the, how he him.
Come me cogneut il, come te cogneut il, come le cogneut il.
He knew nat me, he nat the, he nat him.
Il ne me congneut pas, il ne le congneut pas, il ne le cogneut pas.
Why knew nat he me, why nat he the, why
Pourquoy ne me cogneut il pas, pourquoy ne te cogneut il pas, pourquoy ne le
nat he him.
cogneut il pas.

Page 979

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We knew us, we you, we them.
Nous nous cogneusmes, nous uous cogneusmes, nous les cogneusmes.
How knew we us, how we you, how we
Come nous cogneusmes nous, come uous cogneusmes nous, come les cogneusmes
them.
nous.
We knew nat us, we nat you, we nat
Nous ne nous cogneusmes pas, nous ne uous cogneusmes pas, nous ne les cogneusmes
them.
pas.
How knew we nat us, how we nat you, how
Come ne nous cogneusmes nous pas, come ne uous cogneusmes nous pas, come ne
we nat them.
les cogneusmes nous pas.

THE SECONDE PERSONE.

Ye knew us, ye you, ye them.
Uous nous cogneustes, uous uous cogneustes, uous les cogneustes.
How knew ye us, how ye you, how ye them.
Come nous cogneustes uous, come uous cogneustes uous, come les cogneustes uous.
Ye knew nat us, ye nat you, ye nat
Uous ne nous congneustes pas, uous ne uous congneustes pas, uous ne les cogneustes
them.
pas.
How knew ye nat us, how ye nat you, how
Come ne nous cogneustes uous pas, come ne uous cogneustes uous pas, come ne
ye nat them.
les cogneustes uous pas.

THE THYRDE PERSONE.

They knew us, they you, they them.
Ilz nous cogneurent, ilz uous cogneurent, ilz les cogneurent.
How knew they us, how they you, how they them.
Come nous cogneurent ilz, come uous cogneurent ilz, come les cogneurent ilz.
They knewe nat us, they nat you, they nat them.
Ilz ne nous congneurent pas, ilz ne uous congneurent pas, ilz ne les cogneurent pas.

Page 980

Howe knewe they nat us, how they nat you, how
Come ne nous cogneurent ilz pas, come ne uous cogneurent ilz pas, come ne les
they nat them.
cogneurent ilz pas.

THE PRETERIT INDIFFINITIF.

I have knowen me, I have the, I have him.
Je may cogneu, je tay cogneu, je lay cogneu.
How have I knowen me, how have I the, howe have I him.
Come may je cogneu, come tay je congneu, come lay je cogneu.
How have nat I knowen me, how have nat I the, how have nat I him.
Come ne may je pas congneu, come ne tay je pas cogneu, come ne lay je pas cogneu.

THE SECONDE PARSONE.

Thou hast knowen me, thou hast the, thou hast him.
Tu mas cogneu, tu te as cogneu, tu las cogneu.
How hast thou knowen me, how hast thou the, how hast thou him.
Come mas tu congneu, come tas tu congneu, come las tu cogneu.
Thou hast nat knowen me, thou hast nat the, thou hast nat him.
Tu ne mas pas cogneu, tu ne tas pas cogneu, tu ne las pas cogneu.
How hast nat thou knowen me, how hast nat thou the, how hast nat thou him.
Come ne mas tu pas cogneu, come ne las tu pas cogneu, come ne las tu pas cogneu.

THE THYRDE PERSONE.

He hath knowen me, he hath the, he hath him,
Il ma congneu, il ta congneu, il la congneu.
How hath he knowen me, how hath he he, how hath he him.
Come ma il cogneu, come ta il cogneu, come la il cogneu.
He hath nat knowen me, he hath nat the, he hath nat him.
Il ne ma pas congneu, il ne ta pas congneu, il ne la pas congneu.
How hath nat he knowen me, how hath nat he the, how hath nat he him.
Come ne ma il pas cogneu, come ne ta il pas cogneu, come ne la il pas cogneu.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We have knowen us, we have you, we have them.
Nous nous auons cogneu, nous uous auons cogneu, nous les auons cogneu.
Howe have we knowen us, how have we you, how have we
Come nous auons nous cogneu, come uous auons nous cogneu, come les auons
them.
nous cogneu.

Page 981

We have nat knowen us, we have nat you, we have nat
Nous ne nous auons pas cogneu, nous ne nous auons pas cogneu, nous ne les auons
them.
pas cogneu.
How have we nat knowen us, how have we nat you, how
Come ne nous auons nous pas cogneu, come ne uous auons nous pas cogneu, come
have we nat them.
ne les auons nous pas cogneu.

THE SECONDE PERSONE.

Ye have knowen us, ye have you, ye have knowen them.
Uous nous aues cogneu, uous uous aues cogneu, uous les aues cogneu.
Howe have ye knowen us, have ye you, have ye
Come nous aues uous cogneu, come uous aues uous cogneu, come les aues uous
them.
cogneu.
Ye have nat knowen us, ye have nat you, ye have nat
Uous ne nous aues pas cogneu, uous ne uous aues pas cogneu, uous ne les aues
them.
pas cogneu.
How have nat you knowen us, how have nat ye you, how
Come ne nous aues uous pas congneu, come ne uous aues uous pas congneu, come
have nat ye them.
ne les aues uous pas cogneu.

THE THYRDE PERSONE.

They have knowen me, they have you, they have them.
Ilz me ont cogneu, ilz te ont cogneu, ilz les ont cogneu.
How have they knowen me, how have they the, how have they them.
Come mont ilz cogneu, come te ont ilz cogneu, come les ont ilz cogneu.
They have nat knowen me, they have nat you, they have nat them.
Ilz ne mont pas cogneu, ilz ne tont pas cogneu, ilz ne les ont pas cogneu.
How have they nat knowen me, how have they nat you, how have they nat
Come ne mont ilz pas cogneu, come ne tont ilz pas cogneu, come ne les ont ilz pas
them.
cogneu.

THE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET.

I had knowen me, I had the, I had him.
Je mauoy cogneu, je tauoy cogneu, je lauoy cogneu.

Page 982

How had I knowen me, how had I the, how had I him.
Come mauoy je cogneu, come tauoy je cogneu, come lauoy je cogneu.
I had nat knowen me, I had nat the, I had nat him.
Je ne mauoy pas congneu, je ne tauoy pas cogneu, je ne lauoy pas cogneu.
How had nat I knowen me, how had nat I the, how had nat I him.
Come ne mauoy je pas cogneu, come ne tauoy je pas cogneu, come ne lauoy je pas cogneu.

THE SECONDE PERSONE.

Thou hadest knowen me, thou hadest the, thou hadest him.
Tu mauoys cogneu, tu tauoys cogneu, tu lauoys congneu.
How hadest thou knowen me, how hadest thou the, how hadest thou him.
Come mauoys tu cogneu, come tauoys tu cogneu, come lauoys tu cogneu.
Thou hadest nat knowen me, thou hadest nat the, thou hadest nat him.
Tu ne mauoys pas cogneu, tu ne tauoys pas cogneu, tu ne lauoys pas cogneu.
How hadest thou nat knowen me, how hadest thou nat the, how hadest thou nat him.
Come ne mauois tu pas cogneu, come ne tauoys tu pas cogneu, come ne lauoys tu pas cogneu.

THE THYRDE PERSONE.

He had knowen me, he had the, he had him.
Il mauoit cogneu, il tauoit cogneu, il lavoit cogneu.
How had he knowen me, how had he the, how had he him.
Come mauoit il cogneu, come tauoyt il cogneu, come lauoyt il cogneu.
He had nat knowen me, he had nat the, he had nat him.
Il ne mauoit pas cogneu, il ne tauoyt pas cogneu, il ne lauoyt pas cogneu.
How had nat he knowen me, how had nat he the, how had nat he him.
Come ne mauoyt il pas cogneu, come ne tauoit il pas cogneu, come ne lavoit il pas cogneu.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We had knowen us, we had you, we had him.
Nous nous auions cogneu, nous uous auions cogneu, nous les auious cogneu.
How had we knowen us, how had we you, how had we them.
Come nous auions nous cogneu, come uous auions nous cogneu, come les auions nous cogneu.

Page 983

We had nat knowen us, we had nat you, we had nat them.
Nous ne nous auions pas cogneu, nous ne uous auions pas cogneu, nous ne les auions pas cogneu.
Howe had nat we knowen us, how had nat we you,
how had nat we them.
Come ne nous auions nous pas cogneu, come ne uous auions nous pas cogneu,
come ne les auions nous pas cogneu.

THE SECONDE PERSONE.

Ye had knowen us, ye had you, ye had them.
Uous nous auies cogneu, uous uous auies cogneu, uous les auies cogneu.
How had ye knowen us, how had ye you, how had ye them.
Come nous auies uous cogneu, come uous auiez nous cogneu, come les auies uous cogneu.
Ye had nat knowen us, ye had nat you, ye had nat them.
Uous ne nous auies pas cogneu, uous ne uous auies pas cogneu, uous ne les auies pas cogneu.
How had nat ye knowen me, how had nat ye you,
Come ne nous auies uous pas cogneu, come ne les auies uous pas cogneu,
how had nat ye them.
come ne uous auies uous pas cogneu.

THE THYRDE PERSONE.

They had knowen us, they had you, they had them.
Ilz nous auoient cogneu, ilz uous auoient cogneu, ilz les auoient cogneu.
How had they knowen us, how had they you, how had they them.
Come nous auoient ilz cogneu, come uous auoient ilz cogneu, come les auoient ilz cogneu.
They had nat knowen us, they had nat you, they had nat them.
Ilz ne nous auoient pas cogneu, ilz ne uous auoient pas cogneu, ilz ne les auoient pas cogneu.
How had they nat knowen us, how had they nat you,
how had they nat them.
Come ne nous auoient ilz pas congneu, come ne uous auoient ilz pas congneu,
come ne les auoient ilz pas cogneu.

Page 984

THE FUTURE.

I shall know me, I shall the, I shall him.
Je me cognoistray, je te cognoistray, je le cognoistray.
How shall I know me, how shall I the, how shall I him.
Come me cognoistray je, come te cognoistray je, come le cognoistray je.
I shall nat know me, I shall nat the, I shall nat him.
Je ne me congnoistray pas, je ne te congnoistray pas, je ne le congnoistray pas.
How shall nat I know me, how shall nat I the, how shall nat I him.
Come ne me cognoistray je pas, come ne te cognoistray je pas, come ne le cognoistray je pas.

THE SECONDE PERSONE.

Thou shalt know me, thou shall the, thou shalt him.
Tu me cognoistras, tu te cognoistras, tu le cognoistras.
How shalt thou knowe me, how shalt thou the, how shalt thou him.
Come me cognoistras tu, come te cognoistras tu, come le cognoistras tu.
Thou shalt nat knowe me, thou shalt nat the, thou shalt nat him.
Tu ne me cognoistras pas, tu ne te cognoistras pas, tu ne le cognoistras pas.
How shalt thou nat knowe me, how shalt thou nat the, how shall thou nat him.
Come ne me cognoistras tu pas, come ne te cognoistras tu pas, come ne le cognoistras tu pas.

THE THIRDE PERSONE.

He shall know me, he shall the, he shall him.
Il me cognoistras, il te cognoistras, il le cognoistras.
How shall he knowe me, how shall he the, how shall he him.
Come me cognoistra il, come te cognoistra il, come le cognoistra il.
He shall nat knowe me, he shall nat the, he shall nat him.
Il ne me cognoistras pas, il ne te cognoistras pas, il ne le cognoistras pas.
How shall nat he knowe me, how shall nat he the, how shall nat he him.
Come ne me cognoistra il pas, come ne te cognoistra il pas, come ne le cognoistra il pas.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We shall know us, we shall you, we shall them.
Nous nous cognoistrons, nous uous cognoistrons, nous les cognoistrons.

Page 985

How shall we know us, how shall we you, how shall we them.
Come nous cognoistrons nous, come uous cognoistrons nous, come les cognoistrons nous.
We shall nat knowe us, we shall nat you, we shall nat them.
Nous ne nous cognoistrons pas, nous ne uous cognoistrons pas, nous ne les cognoistrons pas.
How shall nat we knowe us, how shall nat we you,
Come ne nous cognoistrons nous pas, come ne uous congnoistrons nous pas,
how shall nat we them.
come ne les congnoistrons nous pas.

THE SECONDE PERSONE.

Ye shall know us, ye shall you, ye shall them.
Uous nous cognoistres, uous uous cognoistres, uous les cognoistres.
How shall ye know us, how shall ye you, how shall ye them.
Come nous cognoistres uous, come uous cognoistres uous, come les cognoistres nous.
Ye shall nat knowe us, ye shall nat you, ye shall nat them.
Uous ne nous cognoistres pas, uous ne uous cognoistres pas, uous ne les cognoistres pas.
How shall ye nat know us, how shall ye nat you,
how shall ye nat them.
Come ne nous cognoistres uous pas, come ne uous cognoistres nous pas,
come ne les congnoistres uous pas.

THE THIRDE PARSONE.

They shall know us, they shall you, they shall them.
Ilz nous cognoistront, ilz uous cognoistront, ilz les cognoistront.
How shall they know us, ow shall they you, how shall they them.
Come nous cognoistront ilz, come uous congnoistront ilz, come les congnoistront ilz.
They shall nat know us, they shall nat you, they shall nat them.
Ilz ne nous cognoistront pas, ilz ne uous cognoistront pas, ilz ne les cognoistront pas.
How shall they nat know us, how shall they nat you,
Come ne nous cognoistront ilz pas, come ne uous cognoistront ilz pas,
how shall they nat them.
come ne les cognoistront ilz pas.

Page 986

THE IMPERATYVE.

Know thou, know he or him, know we, know ye know they.
Cognoys toi, cognoisse soy, cognoissons nous, cognoisses uous, cognoissent eulz ou elles.

THE FUTURE.

Loke that thou know the, that he himselfe, that we know us,
Garde que tu te cognoisse, quil se cognoisse, que nous nous cognoissons,
That ye you, that they themselfe.
que uous uous cognoissez, quilz se cognoissent.

THE FUTUR NEGATYVE.

Do that thou knoweth nat, that he knoweth nat, that we knoweth nat,
Faitz que tu ne cognoisse, quil ne cognoisse, que nous ne cognoissons,
that ye nat, that they nat.
que uous ne cognoissez, quilz ne cognoissent.

THE OPTATIVE FUTUR.

I pray you that I may knowe, that thou know.
Je uous prie que je congnoisse, que tu congnoisse, etc. lyke the imperatyve.

THE PRETERIT IMPARFET.

O yf I knew, yf thou, yf he, yf we knew,
O se je cogneusse, se tu congneusse, se il cogneusse, se nous cogneussions,
yf you , yf they knew.
se uous cogneussies, se ilz cogneussent.

THE PRETERIT PARFET.

With my wyll that I have knowen, that thou hast , that he hath , that we have,
A ma uoullente que jaye cogneu, que tu aye cogneu, quil ayt cogneu, que nous ayons cogneu,
that ye have , that they have knowen.
que uous ayez cogneu, quilz ayent cogneu.

THE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET.

Wold to God that I had knowen, that thou hadest , that he had ,
Pleust a Dieu que jeusse cogneu, que tu eusse cogneu, quil eust cogueu,
that we had , that ye had , that they had knowen.
que nous eussions cogneu, que uous eussiez cogneu, quilz eussent cogneu.

Page 987

The subjunctive present and thre preterites is lyke the optative, puttyng before the verbe, ueu, or come, etc.

THE FYRST FUTURE OF THE CONJUNCTYVE.

Whan I shall knowe, thou shall, he shall know: we shall,
Mais que je cognoisse, que tu , quil cognoisse; que nous cognoissons,
ye shall , they shall know.
que uous cognoisses, quilz cognoissent.

THE SECONDE FUTURE.

Whan I shulde knowe, thou shulde , he shulde: we shulde,
Quant je cognoistroye, que tu cognoistrois, quil cognoistroit: que nous cognoistrions,
ye shulde , they shuld know.
que uous cognoistriez, quilz cognoistroient.
to know. to have knowen. to know,

THE INFINITIVE, cognoistre. THE PRETERIT, auoir cogneu. THE GERUNDIF, a cognoistre,

for to knowe, in knowyng. I the wyshe knowen.
pour cognoistre, en cognoissant. THE SUPIN or OVERTHROWEN, je te souhaite cogneu.

And so ende this conjugation.

Here doth folowe the conjugation of this verbe am, the which is as an
instrument wherby we do expresse by our wordes all verbes passives,
fewe except, and all that we do suffre, the whiche may be turned
lyke the verbe precedent, as je me, je te, je le suis.
But for to eschewe prolixite, we shal tourne
him but VI maner ways in
every persone.
I am, why am I.
Je suis, pourquoy suis je.
I am nat, why am nat I.
Je ne suis pas, come ne suis je pas.
Thou arte, why art thou.
Tu es, come es tu.
Thou art nat, why art nat thou.
Tu nes pas, pourquoy nes tu pas.

Page 988

He is, why is he.
Il est, pourquoy est il.
He is nat, why is he nat.
Il nest pas, come nest il pas.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We be, why be we.
Nous somes, pourquoy somes nous.
We be nat, why be nat we.
Nous ne somes pas, pourquoy ne somes nous pas.
Ye be, why be ye.
Uous estes, pourquoy estes uous.
Ye be nat, why be ye nat.
Uous nestes pas, pourquoy nestes uous pas.
They be, why be they.
Ilz sont, pourquoy sont ilz.
They be nat, why be nat they.
Ilz ne sont pas, pourquoy ne sont ilz pas.

THE PRETERIT IMPARFET.

Note that the preterit imperfet and perfet have but one exposicion in this verbe.

I was beyng, why was I.
Jestoie, pourquoy estoye je.
I was nat, why was nat I.
Je nestoy pas, pourquoy nestoy je pas.
Thou was, why was thou.
Tu estois, pourquoy estois tu.
Thou was nat, why was nat thou.
Tu nestois pas, pourquoy nestois tu pas.
He was, why was he,
Il estoit, pourquoy estoit il.
He was nat, why was nat he.
Il nestoit pas, pourquoy nestoit il pas.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We were, why were we.
Nous estions, pourquoy estions nous.
We were nat, why were we nat.
Nous nestions pas, pourquoy nestions nous pas.

Page 989

Ye were, why were ye.
Uous estiez, pourquoy estiez uous.
Ye were nat, why were ye nat.
Uous nestiez pas, pourquoy nestiez uous pas.
They were, why were they.
Ilz estoient, pourquoi estoient ilz.
They were nat, why were they nat.
Ilz nestoient pas, pourquoy nestoient ilz pas.

THE PRETERIT PARFET.

I was, why was I.
Je fus, pourquoy fus je.
I was nat, why was nat I.
Je ne fus point, pourquoy ne fus je point.
Thou was, why was thou.
Tu fus, pourquoy fus tu.
Thou was nat, why was nat thou.
Tu ne fus pas, pourquoy ne fus tu pas.
He was, why was he.
Il fust, pourquoy fust il.
He was nat, why was nat he.
Il ne fust pas, pourquoy ne fust il pas.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We were, why were we.
Nous fusmes, pourquoy fusmes nous.
We were nat, why were nat we.
Nous ne fusmes pas, pourquoy ne fusmes nous pas.
Ye were, why were ye.
Uous fustes, pourquoy fustes uous.
Ye were nat, why were nat ye.
Uous ne fustes pas, pourquoy ne fustes uous pas.
They were nat, why were they nat.
Ilz ne furent pas, pourquoy ne furent ilz pas.

THE PRETERIT INDIFINITYF.

I have ben, why have I ben.
Jay esté, pourquoy ay je esté.

990

I have nat ben, why have nat I ben.
Je nay pas esté, pourquoy nay je pas esté.
Thou hast ben, why hast thou ben.
Tu as esté, pourquoy as tu esté.
Thou hast nat ben, why hast nat thou ben.
Tu nas pas esté, pourquoy nas tu pas esté.
He hath ben, why hath he ben.
Il a esté, pourquoy a il esté.
He hath nat ben, why hath nat he ben.
Il na pas esté, pourquoy na il pas esté.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We have ben, why have we ben.
Nous auons esté, pourquoy auons nous esté.
We have nat ben, why have we nat ben.
Nous nauons pas esté, pourquoy nauons nous pas esté.
Ye have ben, why have ye ben.
Uous auez esté, pourquoy aués-uous esté.
Ye have nat ben, why have nat ye ben.
Uous naués pas esté, pourquoy naués uous pas esté.
They have ben, why have they ben.
Ilz ont esté, pourquoy ont ilz esté.
They have nat ben, why have nat they ben.
Ilz nont pas esté, pourquoy nont ilz pas esté.

THE PRETERIT MOST PARFET.

I had ben, why had I ben.
Jauoy esté, come auoy je esté.
I had nat ben, why had nat I ben.
Je nauoys pas esté, come nauoy je pas esté.
Thou hadest ben, why hadest thou ben.
Tu auoys esté, come auois tu esté.
Thou hadest nat ben, why hadest nat thou ben.
Tu nauois pas esté, come nauois tu pas esté.
He had nat ben, why had nat he ben.
Il nauoit pas esté, come nauoit il pas esté.

Page 991

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We had ben, why had we ben.
Nous auions esté, pourquoy auions nous esté.
We had nat ben, why had nat we ben.
Nous nauions pas esté, pourquoy nauions nous pas esté.
Ye had ben, why had ye ben.
Uous auiez esté, pourquoy auiez uous esté.
Ye had nat ben, why had nat ye ben.
Uous nauiez pas esté, pourquoy nauiez uous pas esté.
They had ben, why had they ben.
Ils auoient esté, come auoient ilz esté.
They had nat ben, why had they nat ben.
Ilz nauoient pas esté, come nauoient ilz pas esté.

THE FUTURE.

I shall be, why shal I be.
Je seray, come seray je.
I shall nat be, why shall nat I be.
Je ne seray pas, come ne seray je pas.
Thou shalt be, why shalt thou be.
Tu seras, pourquoy seras tu.
Thou shalt nat be, why shalt thou nat be.
Tu ne seras pas, pourquoy ne seras tu pas.
He shalbe, why shall he be.
Il sera, pourquoy sera il.
He shall nat be, why shall nat he be.
Il ne sera pas, pourquoy ne sera il pas.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We shalbe, why shall we be.
Nous serons, pourquoy serons nous.
We shall nat be, why shall we nat be.
Nous ne serons pas, pourquoy ne serons nous pas.
Ye shalbe, why shall ye be.
Uous seres, pourquoy seres uous.
Ye shall nat be, why shall nat ye be.
Uous ne serés pas, pourquoy ne serés uous pas.

Page 992

They shall nat be, why shall nat they be.
Ilz ne seront pas, pourquoy ne seront ilz pas.

THE IMPERATYVE.

Be thou, be he, be we, be ye, be they.
Sois toy, soit il, soions nous, soiéz uous, soient ilz.

BOTH THE FUTURES.

Do that thou be, that he be, that we be, that ye be, that they be.
Fais que tu sois, quil soyt, que nous soions, que uous soyez, quilz soient.
Do that thou be nat, that he be nat, that we be nat, that ye be
Fais que tu ne sois pas, quil ne soit pas, que nous ne soyons pas, que uous ne
nat, that they be nat.
soiez pas, quilz ne soient pas.

THE OPTATYVE.

I pray you that I be, that thou be, that he be, that we be, that ye be,
Je uous prie que je soie, que tu sois, quil soit, que nous soions, que uous soyez,
that they be.
quils soyent.

THE PRETERIT IMPARFIT.

Wold to God that I were, that thou , that he ,
Pleust a Dieu que je fusse, que tu fusse, quil fusse.
That we , that ye , that they were.
Que nous fussions, que uous fussés, quilz fussent.

THE PRETERIT PARFET.

With my wyll that I have ben, that thou, that he, that we,
A ma uoullenté que jaye esté, que tu aye esté, quil ayt esté, que nous ayons esté,
that ye , that they have ben.
que uous ayez esté, quilz ayent esté.

THE PRETERIT PLUS PARFYTE.

Oh if I had ben, if thou haddest ben, if he , if we had ben ,
O sy jeusse esté, se tu eusse esté, sil eust esté, se nous eussons esté,
if ye , if they .
se uous eusses esté, silz eussent esté.

The conjunctive is both in the present and preterites, lyke the optatyve.

Page 993

Whan I shalbe, thou, he: we,
THE FYRST FUTURE. Mais que soie, que tu sois, quil soit: mais que nous soyons,
ye, they shalbe.
que uous soyéz, quilz soient.

THE FUTURE BOROWED OF THE POTENCIALL MODE.

I shulde be, thou shulde be, he shuld be: we shulde be, ye shulde be, they shulde be.
Je seroye, tu serois, il seroit: nous serions, uous seriés, ilz seroient.
to be. haue ben. for to be, in beyng.
THE INFINITYVE, estre. THE PRETERIT, avoir esté, GERUNDIF, pour estre, en estant, etc.

And thus finishe this conjugation.

Also it is to be noted that there ben certayne answeres bothe in the affyrmatyon, and negation of a thyng: as whan one doth say, I am: and they may say, ye be nat: where he may answere agayne, I am: and the other grauntyng the same shall say, so are ye. And lykewise whan one doth affirme a thyng by way of negation: as whan he doth say, I am nat, if any wyll deny the same, he shall saye, ye be, and if he wyll graunt unto it, he shall saye, no more are ye. For example of the whiche I wyll make therof a conjugation full requisyte and necessary to the frenche tonge. But ye shall understande that thre verbes onely shall serve you to this purpose: that is to say, have, do, and am: for if one say I am, ye may say, ye be nat: I have, ye have nat: and I do, ye do nat: the whiche thre ben principall in this rule.

THE INDICATIVE OF AFFIRMATION.

I am, thou art, he is.
Je suis, tu es, il est.
I am nat, thou art nat, he is nat.
Non suis, non es, non est.
But I am, But thou arte, but he is.
Sy suis, Sy es, sy est.
So am I, So arte thou, so is he.
Ce suis mon, ce es mon, ce est mon.
We be, ye be, they be.
Nous sommes, uous estes, Ilz sont.
We be nat, ye be nat, they be nat.
Non sommes, non estes, non sont.

Page 994

But we be, but ye be, but they be.
Sy sommes, sy estes, sy sont.
So we be, so be ye, so be they.
Ce sommes mon, ce estes mon, ce sont mon.

And so forth thorow al the tenses and modes of all the tother twayne, as:

I was, I was nat, but I was: so was I. I sayde, I dyd nat,
but I dyd,
Jestoye, non estoye, sy estoie: cestoie mon. Je dysoie, non faisoie,
sy faisoie,
so dyd I. I had, I had nat, but I had, so had I:
ce faisoie mon. Jauoie, non auoie, sy auoie, ce auoie mon: je eus, non eus:
I shal have, I shall nat, but I shall, so shall I.
jaray, non aray, sy aray, ce aray mon.

Which thre wordes shall serve you to any verbes signifieng either doing or suffryng.

EXAMPLE FOR NEGATION.

I am nat: but I am. I am nat: no more I am.
Je ne suis pas: sy suis. non suis: ce ne suis mon.
I do nat: but I do. I do nat: no more do I.
Je ne fay pas: sy fay. non fay: ce ne fay mon.
I have nat: but I have. I have nat: no more have I.
Je nay pas: sy ay. non ay: ce nay mon.
Thou hast nat: but thou hast. thou hast nat: no more hast thou.
Tu nas pas: sy as. non as: ce nas mon, etc.

Touchyng the conjugation interrogative, as,

Am I: do I: have I: or no,
Suis je: fays je: ay je: ou non,

ye shall answere, ouy, nenny, non: and to the interrogation negatyve, as,

Am nat I, do nat I, have nat I,
Ne suis je pas, ne fay je pas, nai je pas,

ye shal answer as is said before in thexample of the negation, wherfore this is sufficient for this present rule.

Another conjugation of these two verbes in latyn uado and eo, whiche both verbes of one signifycation signifyeth in englyssh, I go, the which go is defectyve in the frenche tonge, wherfore the tone must helpe the other.

Page 995

THE PRESENT OF THE SHEWYNG MOODE.

I go, why go I.
Je uoy, pourquoy uoy je.
I go nat, why go nat I.
Je ne uoy poynt, pourquoy ne uoy je point.
Thou goest, why goest thou.
Tu uas, pourquoy uas tu.
Thou goest nat, why goest thou nat.
Tu ne uas pas, pourquoy ne uas tu pas.
He goeth, why goeth he.
Il ua, pourquoy ua il.
He goeth nat, why goeth nat he.
Il ne ua pas, pourquoy ne ua il pas.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We go, why go we.
Nous allons, pourquoy allons nous.
We go nat, why go nat we.
Nous nallons pas, pourquoy nallons nous pas.
Ye go, why go ye.
Uous alles, pourquoy alles uous.
Ye go nat, why go nat ye.
Uous nalles point, pourquoy nalles uous point.
They go, why go they.
Ilz uont, pourquoy uont ilz.
They go nat, why go nat they.
Ilz ne uont mie, pourquoy ne uont ilz mie.

THE PRETERIT IMPARFET.

I dyd go, why dyd I go.
Jallois, pourquoy allois je.
I dyd nat go, why dyd nat I go.
Je nallois pas, pourquoy nallois je pas.
Thou dydest go, why dydest thou go.
Tu allois, pourquoy allois tu.
Thou dydest nat go, why dydest thou nat go.
Tu nallois point, pourquoy nallois tu point.

Page 996

He dyd go, why dyd he go.
Il alloit; pourquoy alloit il.
He dyd nat go, why dyd nat he go.
Il nalloit pas, pourquoy nalloit il pas.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We dyd go, why dyd we go.
Nous allions, pourquoy allions nous.
We dyd nat go, why dyd nat we go.
Nous nallions mie, pourquoy nallions nous mie.
Ye dyd go, how dyd ye go.
Uous alliéz, coment alliéz uous.
Ye dyd nat go, how dyd nat ye go.
Uous nalliés point, coment nalliéz uous point.
They dyd go, how dyd they go.
Ilz alloient, come alloient ilz.
They dyd nat go, how dyd they nat go.
Ilz nalloient pas, come nalloient ilz pas.

THE PRETERIT PARFET.

I went, how went I.
Jalay, coment alay je.
I went nat, how went nat I.
Je nallay pas, coment nallay je pas.
Thou wenst, how wenst thou.
Tu alas, come alas tu.
Thou wenst nat, how wenst nat thou.
Tu nalas mie, come nalas tu mye.
He went, how went he.
Il ala, coment ala il.
He went nat, how went nat he.
Il nala point, coment nala il point.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We went, how went we.
Nous alasmes, come alasmes nous.
We went nat, howe went we nat.
Nous nalasmes point, come nalasmes nous point.

Page 997

Ye went, why went ye.
Uous alastes, pourquoy alastes uous.
Ye went nat, why went ye nat.
Uous nalastes pas, pourquoy nalastes uous pas.
They went, why went they.
Ilz allérent, pourquoy allérent ilz.
They went nat, why went nat they.
Ilz nallérent mie, pourquoy nallérent ilz mye.

THE PRETERIT INDIFINITIF.

I have gone, how have I gone.
Jay allé, coment ay je allé.
I have nat gone, how have nat I gone.
Je nay pas allé, coment nay je pas allé.
Thou hast gone, why hast thou gone.
Tu as allé, pourquoy as tu allé.
Thou hast nat gone, why hast thou nat gone.
Tu nas pas allé, pourquoy nas tu pas allé.
He hath gone, why hath he gone.
Il a allé, pourquoy a il allé.
He hath nat gone, why hath nat he gone.
Il na point allé, pourquoy na il point allé.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We have gone, why have we gone.
Nous auons allé, pourquoy auons nous allé.
We have nat gone, why have we nat gone.
Nous nauons pas allé, pourquoy nauons nous pas allé.
Ye have gone, why have ye gone.
Uous aues allé, pourquoy aues uous allé.
Ye have nat gone, why have nat ye gone.
Uous naués pas allé, pourquoy naues uous pas allé.
They have gone, how have they gone.
Ilz ont allé, come ont ilz allé.
They have nat gone, how have they nat gone.
Ilz nont pas allé, come nont ilz pas allé.

Page 998

THE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET.

I had gone, how had I gone.
Jauoy allé, coment auoy je allé.
I had nat gone, how had nat I gone.
Je nauoy point allé, coment nauoy je point allé.
Thou hadest gone, why hadest thou gone.
Tu auois allé, pourquoy auois tu allé.
Thou hadest nat gone, why hadest thou nat gone.
Tu nauois point allé, pourquoy nauois tu point allé.
He had gone, how had he gone.
Il auoit allé, come auoit il allé.
He had nat gone, how had nat he gone.
Il nauoit pas allé, come nauoit il pas allé.

THE PLURELL NOMBRE.

We had gone, how had we gone.
Nous auions allé, coment auions nous allé.
We had nat gone, how had we nat gone.
Nous nauions point allé, coment nauions nous point allé.
Ye had gone, why had ye gone.
Uous auiez allé, pourquoy auiez uous allé.
Ye had nat gone, why had nat ye gone.
Uous nauiez mie allé, pourquoy nauiez uous mie allé.
They had gone, why had they gone.
Ils auoient allé, pourquoy auoyent ilz allé.
They had nat gone, why had they nat gone.
Ilz nauoient point allé, pourquoy nauoient ilz point allé.

THE FUTURE

I shall go, why shall I go.
Je yray, pourquoy yray je.
I shall nat go, why shall nat I go.
Je nyray pas, pourquoy niray je pas.
Thou shalt go, howe shalt thou go.
Tu yras, coment yras tu.
Thou shalt nat go, howe shalt nat thou go.
Tu niras pas, coment niras tu pas.

Page 999

He shall go, howe shall he go.
Il yra, coment yra il.
He shall nat go, howe shall nat he go.
Il nira point, comment nyra il point.

THE PLURELL.

We shall go, why shall we go.
Nous yrons, pourquoy yrons nous.
We shall nat go, why shall nat we go.
Nous nirons pas, pourquoy nirons nous pas.
Ye shall go, why shall ye go.
Uous yrés, pourquoy yrés uous.
Ye shall nat go, why shall nat ye go.
Uous nirés pas, pourquoy nirés uous pas.
They shall go, howe shall they go.
Ilz yront, coment yront ilz.
They shall nat go, howe shall they nat go.
Ilz niront mie, coment niront ilz mie.

THE IMPERATYVE.

Go thou, go he, all one; go we, go ye, go they.
Ua toy, aylle luy, uoise luy; alons nous, allés uous, uoisent ou aillent eulx.

THE FYRST FUTURE.

Do that thou go, that he go, that we go, that ye go,
Fais que tu uoyse ou aylle, quil uoise ou aille, que nous allons, que uous allés,
that they go.
quilz uoisent ou aillent.

THE SECOND FUTURE NEGATIF.

Kepe that thou go nat, all one, that he go nat,
Garde que tu ne aylle point, que tu ne uoise point, quil naile poynt,
all one: that we go nat, that ye go nat, that they go nat,
quil ne uoise point: que nous nallons, que uous nallés, quilz ne aillent point,
all one.
uilz ne uoisent point.

THE OPTATIF.

Wold to God, or I pray you that I go, that thou go, that he go:
Pleust a Dieu, ou je uous prie que jaille ou uoise, que tu aille, que il aille:
that we go, that ye go, that they go.
que nous allons, que uous allés, quilz aillent ou uoisent.

Page 1000

THE PRETERIT IMPARFET.

With my wyll that I went, that thou went, that he went: that we went,
A ma uoullenté que jallasse, que tu allasse, que il allast: que nous allissions,
that ye went, that they went.
que uous allissiez, quilz allassent.

THE PRETERIT PARFET.

Wolde to God that I have gone, that thou have gone, that he have gone:
A la mienne uoullenté que jay allé, que tu aie allé, quil ayt allé:
that we have gone, that ye have gone, that they have gone.
que nous ayons allé, que uous ayés allé, quilz ayent allé.

PRETERIT PLUSPARFYTE.

O if I had gone, if thou had gone, if he had gone, if we had gone,
O sy jeusse allé, se tu eusse allé, se il eust allé, se nous eussons allé,
if ye had gone, if they had gone.
se uous eussés allé, se ilz eussent allé.

Ye may make a future of the present, sayenge:

With my wyll that I may go anone, etc. all one.
A ma uoullenté que je aylle tantost, etc. que je uoise tantost, etc.
The conjunctif present and thre preterites is lyke the optatif, sayeng:
as whan wolde to God
come or quant, before the verbe, leuyng a ma uoullenté, etc.

The future boroweth of the potentiall moode whiche may be tourned six maner of wayes after the indicatif, or elles XVIII, after the seconde conjunction:

I shuld go, thou , he : we shuld go, ye shuld go, they shuld go.
Je yroie, tu yrois, il yroit: nous yrions, uous yriez, ilz yroient.

THE SECONDE FUTURE.

Whan I shall go, all one, whan thou shalt go, all one, whan he shuld go,
Mais que je aille, que je uoise, que tu aille, que tu uoise, que il aille,
all one, whan we shuld go, whan ye shall go, whan they shal go, all one.
quil uoise, que nous allons, que uous allés, quilz aillent, quilz uoisent.
to go. to be gone. goyng.
THE INFINITYVE, aller. THE PRETERIT, estre allé. THE GERUNDIF, allant.

Finis.

Page 1001

Here foloweth another conjugation, whiche may be turned XXXVI maner wayes lyke the precedent, or els XII in every person, addyng me, te, le: lyke the fyrst conjugation, but for to eschewe prolixite it shalbe syngle.

I se, thou seest, he seeth, we se, ye se, they se.
Je uoy, tu uois, il uoit nous ueons, uous uoiez, ilz uoient.

PRETERIT IMPARF.

I dyd se, thou dedest se, he dyd se: we dyd se, ye dyd se, they dyd se.
Je uéoie, tu uéois, il uéoit: nous uéions, uous uéiez, ilz uéioient.

PRETERIT PARF.

I saw, thou saw, he saw: we saw, ye saw, they saw.
Je ueis, tu ueis, il ueist: nous ueismes, uous ueistes, ilz ueirent.

PRETERIT INDIFFINIT.

I have sene, thou hast sene, he hath sene: we have sene, ye have sene,
Jay ueu, tu as ueu, il a ueu: nous auons ueu, uous aués ueu,
they have sene.
ilz ont ueu.

PRETERIT MOST PARFET.

I had sene, thou hadest , he had : we had sene, ye had ,
Jauoie ueu, tu auois ueu, il auoit ueu: nous auions ueu, uous auiez ueu,
they had sene.
ilz auoient ueu.

THE FUTURE.

I shall se, thou shalt, he shall: we shall se, ye shall , they shall se.
Je uoiray, tu uoiras, il uoira: nous uoirons, uous uoirés, ilz uoiront.

THE IMPERATIF.

Se thou or he, se we, se ye, se they.
Uois toy ou luy, uoions nous, uoiés uous, uoient eulx, elles, celles.

BOTH FUTURES, AFFIRMATIF AND NEGATIF.

Do that thou seest, or that thou sest nat, that he seeth or that he seeth nat: that
Fais que tu uoie, ou que tu ne uoie point, quil uoie ou quil ne uoie point: que
we se, or that we se nat, that ye se or that ye se
nous uoions, ou que nous ne uoions point, que uous uoiéz ou que uous ne uoiez
nat, that they se, or that they seeth nat.
point, quilz uoient, ou quelles ne uoient point.

Page 1002

THE OPTATIF PRESENT.

Wolde to God, or I pray you that I may se, that thou mayst se, that he may se:
A la mienne uoullenté, ou je uous prie que je uoie, que tu uoie, quil uoie:
that we may se, that ye may se, that they may se.
que nous uoions, que uous uoiez, quilz uoient.

PRETERIT IMPARFET.

Wold to God that I coud se, that thou , that he : that we coude se,
Pleust a Dieu que je ueisse, que tu ueisse, quil ueisse: que nous ueissions,
that ye , that they .
que uous ueissiez, quilz ueissent.

PRETERIT PARFYTE.

With my wyll that I have sene, that thou , that he : that we have sene,
A ma uoullenté que jaie ueu, que tu aie ueu, quil aie ueu: que nous aions ueu,
that ye , that they .
que uous aiéz ueu, quilz aient ueu.

PLUSPARF.

O if I had sene, if thou hadest, if he had sene: yf we had, if ye had,
O se jeusse ueu, se tu eusse ueu, sil eusse ueu: se nous eussions, se uous eussiez,
if they had sene.
silz eussent ueu.

The subjunctif is lyke the optatif.

The fyrste future of the subjunctyve is:

I shulde,
Je uoiroie, uoirois, uoiroit, uoirions, uoiriéz, uoiroient.
whan I shall se thou he we
THE SECONDE FUTUR: mais que je uoie, que tu uoie, quil uoie: que nous uoions,
you they.
que uous uoiés, quilz uoient.
to se. to have sene, seyng.
THE INFINITIF: ueoir. PRETERIT: auoir ueu, uoiant.

Another conjugation upon howe do you, and how do ye fare: and if ye do take the verbe after the fyrst conjugation, sayeng: je porte, porte je, pourquoy porte je, etc. and lykewise of je fay, fay je, etc. ye shal tourne it XXXVI wayes in one tense, and if ye turne it after the seconde conjugacion, ye

Page 1003

shall have an hundred and VIII wayes in one tense, addyng to it me, te, le, nous nous, uous uous, ilz se.

Howe do I fare, or beare me, how dost thou fare, or bere the, howe dothe he fare:
Coment me porte je, coment te porte tu, coment se porte il:
howe do we fare, howe do ye fare, howe do they fare,
coment nous portons nous, coment uous portés uous, coment se portent ilz.

THE PRETERIT IMPARFET.

Howe dyd I , howe dedest thou , howe dyd he , howe dyd we
Coment me portoy je, coment te portois tu, coment se portoit il, coment nous
bere us, how dyd ye , howe dyd they .
portions nous, coment uous portiez uous, coment se portoient ilz.

THE PRETERIT PARFET.

Howe dyd I , howe dedest thou , howe dyd he , howe dyd we
Come me portay je, coment te portas tu, coment se porta il, coment nous
beare us, how dyd ye beare you, how dyd they beare them.
portasmes nous, coment uous portaste uous, coment se portérent ilz.

THE PRETERIT INDIFINITIF.

Howe have I borne me, howe have I , howe hath he : howe have
Coment may je porté, coment tay je porté, coment sa il porté: coment nous
we borne us, howe have ye borne you, howe have they borne them.
auons nous porté, coment uous aués uous porté, coment se sont ilz porté.

THE PRETERIT MOST PARFYTE.

Howe had I borne me, howe hadest thou , howe had he borne him, howe
Coment mauoy je porté, coment tauois tu porté, coment se auoit il porté, coment
had we borne us, howe had ye borne you, howe had they borne them,
nous auions nous porté, coment uous auiéz uous porté, coment se auoient ilz porté.

THE FUTURE.

Howe shall I beare me, howe shalt thou bere the, howe shall he beare hym: howe shall
Coment me porteray je, coment te porteras tu, coment se portera il: coment nous
we beare us, howe shall you beare you, howe shall they beare them.
porterons nous, coment uous porterés uous, coment se porteront ilz.

The imperatyve, optatyve, and conjunctyve may nat serve with this

Page 1004

worde, coment, save onely the future of the potentiall mode, whiche is:

I shulde beare, thou shuldest, he shulde: we shulde bere, ye shuld, they shulde bere.
Porteroie, porterois, porteroit: porterions, porteriez, porteroient.

And if ye wyll go thorowe the sayd modes, ye shall folowe the termination of this verbe, I go, whiche is sette before.

And touchyng, howe do you, ye shall ever put le before the verbe, sayeng:

Howe do I, howe dost thou, howe dothe he: howe do we,
Coment le fay je, coment le fais tu, coment le fait il: coment faisons nous,
do ye, do they.
faictes uous, font ilz ou elles.

And lykewise of all the preterites, sayeng:

Howe dyd I, etc. howe dyd I, howe have I done, howe had I done,
Coment le faisoi je, etc. coment le feiz je, coment lay je fait, coment lauoy je fait,
howe shall I do, howe shulde I do, etc.
coment le feray je, coment le feroy je, etc.

Finis.

Here foloweth the conjugation of a verbe defectyve in frenche, whiche is I am wont, because it is a verbe rare and syldome used.

I am wont, thou art, he is wont: we be wonte, ye be wonte, they be wonte.
Je seulz, tu seulz, il seult: nous seulmes, uous seultes, ilz seulent.

THE PRETERIT IMPARFET.

I was , thou , he : we , ye, they.
Je soulloie, tu soullois, il soulloit: nous soulions, uous souliez, ilz souloient.
I was ,
Je seulz, tu seulz, il seult: nous seulmes, uous seultes, ilz seulrent.

There is nomore of this verbe, for if we procede any further, we do say:

I have , I had customed, I shall custome.
je ay de coustume, jauoy de coustume, and jaray de coustume, and so forth.

Anoder verbe defectif which is, it is lawful to me; this verbe may be turned XXXVI wayes, accordyng to the fyrst conjugation.

It is to me laufull, it is to the, it is to him, it is to us, it is to you, it is to them laufull.
Il me loise, il te loise, il luy loise, il nous, il uous, ilz leur loise.

Page 1005

PRETERIT IMPARFET.

It was to me laufull, to the, to him laufull: to us, to you, to them laufull or licite.
Il me loisoit, il te, il luy loisoit: il nous, il uous, ilz leur loisoit.

PRETERIT PARFET.

It was ,
Il me loisit, il te, il luy loisit: il nous, il uous, ilz leur loisit.

THE INDIFFINITIF.

It hath ben to me laufull, to the, to him, to us, to you, to them laufull, or behovable.
Il ma esté loisible, il ta esté, il luy a, il nous a, il uous a, ilz leur a esté loisible.

THE PLUS PARFET.

It had ben to me, or els it had behoved me.
Il mauoit esté loisible, il tauoit esté loisible, il luy auoit esté loisible,
il nous, il uous, ilz leur auoit esté loisible.
It shalbe to me,
THE FUTURE is: Il me loysera, ou il me sera loisyble.
Loke that it be nat laufull to the.
THE FUTURE OF THE IMPERATIF, whiche is negatif is: Garde ou faitz quil ne te loise.
That it were to me laufull.
THE OPTATIF. Quil me fust loisible.
THE PRETERIT IMPARFET. Quil me loisisse.
That it have ben to me, that it have ben to him.
THE PARFET. Quil maie esté, quil luy ayt esté loysible, and so forth.
That it had ben to me laufull.
THE PLUS PARFET. Quil meust esté loysible.
THE SUBJUNCTIF, is lyke the optatyve, taking the present for the seconde future.
How it shulde be laufull to me,
THE FYRST FUTURE. Come il me loiseroit, come il te loyseroit, come il luy loyseroit:
come ilz nous loiseroit, come ilz uous loiseroit, come ilz leur loiseroit.

Finis.

A conjugation of this verbe care, which for the most parte is negatyve, as I care nat, and if ye wyll adde this worde it unto the same, sayeng: I care nat for it: ye shall put an n after every pronoun, as: il ne men chault, il ne ten, il ne luy en, il ne nous en, il ne uous en, il ne leur en chault.

I care nat, thou carest nat, he we ye they.
Il ne me chault, il ne te chault, il ne luy: il ne nous, il ne uous, ilz ne leur chault.

Page 1006

PRETERIT IMPARFYTE.

I dyd nat care, ye they
Il ne me, il ne te, il ne luy chaloit: ilz ne nous, ilz ne uous, ilz ne leur chaloit.

PRETERIT PERFECT.

I cared nat,
Il ne me, il ne te, il ne luy chalut: ilz ne nous, ilz ne vous, ilz ne leur chalut.

THE PRETERIT INDIFFINITIF.

I have nat cared.
Il ne ma chalu, etc.

PRETERIT PLUS PERFET.

I had nat cared. ye they
Il ne mauoit, il ne tauoit, il ne luy auoit: ilz ne nous, ilz ne uous, ilz ne leur
avoit chalu.

THE FUTURE.

I shall nat care.
Il ne me chauldra, il ne te, il ne luy: ilz ne nous, ilz ne uous, ilz ne leur chauldra.

IMPERATIFE.

Care thou nat, him : care we nat, care ye, care they nat.
Ne te, ne luy chaille: ne nous, ne uous, ne leur chaille.

BOTH FUTURES.

Se that thou care, that thou care nat. Se we that we care, that we nat
Garde quil te chaille, quil ne te chaille. Gardons quil nous chaille, quil ne nous
care. Se ye that ye care, that ye nat care. Let them se that they care.
chaille. Gardés quil uous chaille, quil ne vous chaille. Gardent quil leur chaille,
that they nat care.
quil ne leur chaille.

OPTATIF.

With my wyll that I care, that thou care, that he care: that we care,
A ma uoullenté quil me chaille, quil te chaille, quil luy chaille: quil nous chaille,
that ye care, that they care.
quil uous chaille, quil leur chaille.

THE IMPARFET.

Wold to God that I care, that thou , that he , that we,
Pleust a Dieu quil me chalusse, quil te chalusse, quil luy chalusse, quil nous
that ye, that they care.
chalusse, quil uous chalusse, quil leur chalusse.

Page 1007

PRETERIT PARFET.

With my wyll that I have , that thou hast , that he hath care: that we,
A ma uoullenté quil maie chalu, quil taie chalu, quil luy ayt chalu: quil nous,
that ye , that they have care.
quil uous, quil leur ayt chalu.

THE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET.

O if I had care, if thou hadest, if he had care: if we, if ye, if they
O sil me eust, sil teust, sil luy eust chalu: sil nous, sil uous, sil leur
had care.
eust chalu.

The futur is lyke the present as:

I praye to God that I care nat, or that I care.
Je prie a Dieu quil ne me chaille, ou quil me chaille.

The subjunctif is lyke the optatif.

Whan I shall care.
THE FUTURE: Mais quil me chaille, and so forth.
I shulde nat care, thou shuld nat care, he shuld nat care.
THE SECONDE FUTURE: Il ne me chauldroit, il ne te chauldroit, il ne luy chauldroit, etc.
It maketh no matter, or it skylleth nat.
THE INFINITIVE: Il ne peult chaloir.

Note that if ye leve this worde, ne, whiche is before every pronowne, it is affirmative, and if ye do put it unto the sayd pronowne it is negative.

Another conjugation of two verbes together, that is to say, I serche in englishe, and because I wyll eschewe prolixite, I wyll touche but the synguler nombre of every tense.

I seke, all one, thou , he : we serche,
Je cerche, je quiers, tu cerche, tu quiers, il cerche, il quiers: nous cerchons,
ye they
nous quierons, uous cerchés, uous quierés, ilz cerchent, ilz quierent.

PRETERIT IMPARFET.

I dyd seke, or serche.
Je cerchoie, ou querois.
I sauht.
THE PRETERIT PARFET. Je cerchay, ou quis.

Page 1008

I have sought.
THE PRETERIT INDIFFINITIF. Jay cerché, ou quis.
I had sought.
THE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET. Jauoie cerché, ou quis.
I shall serche.
THE FUTURE. Je cercheray, ou quereray.
Seke thou, or seke the, seke we,
THE IMPERATIVE. Cerche toy, ou quiers toy, querons nous, cerchons nous,
seke ye, seke they.
querés uous, cerches, quierent eulz, cerchent eulz.
Se that thou seke, that thou serche.
THE FUTURE. Garde que tu cerche, que tu quiere.
Loke that thou serche nat.
THE SECOND FUTUR. Garde que ne cerche, ou quiere.
With my wyll, that I serche or seke.
THE OPTATIF. A ma uoullenté, que je cerche ou quiere.
Wold to God that I dyd serche.
PRETERIT IMPARFET. Pleust a Dieu que je cerchasse, pleust a Dieu que je quisse.
With my wyll that I have sought.
THE PRETERIT PARFET. A ma uoullenté que jaie cerché ou quis.
O if I had sought, if thou had, if he had, etc.
THE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET. O se jeusse cerché ou quis, se tu eusse, sil eust, etc.

The subjunctif is lyke the optatif, with his thre preterites.

Whan I shall serche,
THE FYRST FUTURE. Mais que je cerche, ou quiere.
I shulde serche
THE SECONDE FUTURE. Je cercheroie, ou quereroie, quererois, roit: rions, riéz, roient.
To seke and to serche.
THE INFINITIF. Cercher et querir.

Note that this conjugation may be turned six and thirty maner wayes

I seke, seke I: why seke I: I seke nat,
after the fyrst sayenge: je cerche, cerche je: pourquoy cerche je: je ne cerche
seke nat I, why seke nat I.
pas, ne cerche je pas, pourquoy ne cerche je pas, etc. or elles an hondred and
I seke me, I
VIII wayes in one tense, sayeng after the II conjugation: je me quiers, je te
seke the, I seke him
quiers, je le quiers, and so forth, turninge it with the questions. (Loke upon
the seconde conjugation.)

Finis.

Page 1009

A conjugation of a verbe that must be pronounced with double ll, accordyng to the seventh rule that is immediatly after the prologue whiche shalbe a patron and example for all suche verbes, the which conjugation may be turned syx and thirty wayes after the fyrste, or an hundred and VIII after the seconde.

I knele, I blotte, I wyte, make foule,
The verbes ben je mengenoulle, je broulle, je toulle, je moulle, je soulle,
I stare I cut, I gyve, I gape,
je roulle, je catoulle, je fatroulle, je barboulle, je talle, je balle, je baslle,
I rayle.
je ralle, and suche lyke.
I knele, thou knele, he knele: we knele,
Je mengenoulle, tu tengenoulle, il sengenoulle: nous nous engenoullons,
you knele, they knele.
uous uous engenoullés, ilz sengenoullent.

THE PRETERIT IMPARFET.

I dyd knele, thou , he : we ,
Je mengenoulloie, tu tengenoullois, il sengenoulloit: nous nous engenoullions,
you , they .
uous uous engenoulliez, ilz sengenoulloient.

THE PRETERIT PARFET.

I dyd knele, thou , he : we ,
Je mengenoullay, tu tengenoullas, il sengenoulla : nous nous engenoullames,
you , they .
uous uous engenoullates, ilz sengenoullerent.

PRETERIT INDIFFINITIF.

I have kneled, thou hast kneled, he hath : we have,
Je may engenoullé, tu tas engenoullé, il sa engenoullé: nous nous auons
you , they .
engenoullé, uous uous aues engenoullé, ilz se sont engenoullé.

THE PRETERIT PLUS PARFET.

I had kneled, thou , he : we ,
Je mauoie engenoullé, tu te auois engenoullé, il se auoit engenoullé: nous nous
you , they .
auions engenoullés, uous uous auiez engenoullé, ilz se auoient engenoullés.

Page 1010

THE FUTURE.

I shall knele, thou , he : we ,
Je mengenoulleray, tu tengenoulleras, il sengenoullera: nous nous engenoullerons,
you , they .
uous uous engenoullerés, ilz sengenoulleront.

THIMPERATIF.

Knele thou or he, knele we, knele ye, let them knele.
Engenoulle toy ou soy, engenoullons nous, engenoullés uous, quilz sengenoullent.

BOTH FUTURS NEGATIF AND AFFIRMATIF.

Se that thou knele, that thou knele nat: that he knele, that he
Garde que tu tengenoulle, que tu ne tengenoulle pas: quil sengenoulle, quil ne
knele nat. That we knele, that we knele nat,
sengenoulle pas. Que nous nous engenoullons, que nous ne nous engenoullons pas,
that ye do knele, ye do nat knele. Do that they
que uous uous engenoullés, que uous ne uous engenoullés pas. Faictes quilz
knele, do that they knele nat.
sengenoullent, faictes quilz ne sengenoullent pas.

THE OPTATIF.

With my wyll, or I pray you that I may knele, that thou ,
A la mienne uoullenté, ou je uous prie que je mengenoulle, que tu tengenoulle,
he or she : that we , you ,
quil ou quelle sengenoulle: que nous nous engenoullons, que uous uous engenoulléz,
they .
quilz ou quelles sengenoullent.

THE PRETERIT IMPARFET.

Wold to God that I dyd knele, that , that:
Pleust a Dieu que mengenoullasse, que tu tengenoullasse, quil ou quelle sengenoullast:
that we , that ye , that
que nous engenoullissions, que uous uous engenoullissiéz, quilz ou
they .
quelles sengenoullassent.

THE PRETERIT PARFET.

That I have kneled, that thou , that he:
A ma uoullenté que maie engenoullé, que taie engenoullé, que laie engenoullé:
that we , that ye , that they .
que nous aions engenoullés, que uous aiés engenoullés, quilz se aient engenoullés.

Page 1011

THE PRETERIT PLUSPARFET.

O and I had kneled, if thou hadest , if he had :
O se je meusse engenoullé, se tu te eusse engenoullé, se il se eust engenoullé:
if we , if you , if they.
se nous nous eussions engenoullés, se uous uous eussés engenoullés, silz se
eussent engenoullés.

The subjunctif is lyke the optatif, saieng come or quant before the verbe.

THE FYRST FUTURE.

Whan I shall knele, thou , he : whan we ,
Mais que je mengenoulle, que tu tengenoulle, quil sengenoulle: mais que nous
whan ye , whan they .
nous engenoullons, que uous uous engenoullés, quilz sengenoullent.

THE SECONDE FUTURE.

I shuld knele, thou , he : we,
Je mengenoulleroie, tu tengenoullerois, il sengenoulleroit: nous nous engenoullerions,
ye , they .
uous uous engenoulleriéz, ilz sengenoulleroient.
To knele. To have kneled. For
THE INFINITIF. Engenouller. THE PRETERIT. Auoir engenoullé. THE GERUNDIF. Pour
to knele, in knelyng.
mengenoullér, de mengenoullér, en mengenoullant.
I wysshe the kneled.
THE OVERTHROWEN OF SUPIN. Je te souhaite engenoullé.

And lyke wyse of all the other verbes above rehersed.

Finis.

A conjugacion combinyng or joynyng two verbes togyder, that is to say I am and I do, takynge the present onely, in eschewyng prolyxite.

Whan I am at scole, I do my deuer to lerne my lesson.
Quant je suis a lescole, je fais mon debuoir daprendre ma lesson, ou lecon.
Whan thou art at scole, thou doest thy deuer to lerne thy lesson.
Quant tu es a lescole, tu fais ton debuoir daprendre ta lesson, ou lecon.
Whan he is at scole, he doeth his dever to lerne his lesson.
Quant il est a lescole, il fait son debuoir daprendre sa lesson.

Page 1012

Whan we be at scole, we do our dever to lerne our .
Quant nous sommes a lescolle, nous faisons nostre deuoir daprendre nostre lecon.
Whan ye be at scole, ye do your dever to lerne your .
Quant uous estes a lescole, uous festes uostre deuoir dapprendre uostre lesson.
Whan they be at scole, they do theyr dever to lerne theyr .
Quant ilz sont a lescolle, ilz font leur deuoir dapprendre leur lecon.

And so forth thorow al the conjugation of I am, above written, and of this verbe I do, whiche is in the preterit imparfet je faisoie.

I dyd.
PARFET. Je feis.
I have done.
THE PRETERIT INDIFINITIF. Jay fait.
I had done.
PLUS PARFET. Jauoie fait.
I shall do.
THE FUTURE. Je feray.
Do thou.
THE IMPERATIF. Faitz.
Loke that thou do.
THE FUTURE. Garde que tu face.
Let me do.
THE OPTATIF. Que je face.
Thad I dyd.
IMPARFET. Que je feisse.
That I have done.
THE PRETERIT PARFET. Que jaye faict.
That I had done.
PLUS PARFET. Que jeusse fait.
THE SUBJUNCTYF. Whan I shall do lyke the optatyf.
THE FIRST FUTURE. Mais que je face.
I shuld do,
THE SECONDE. Je feroye, rois, roit: ferions, riéz, roient.
To do.
THE INFINITIF. Faire.
To have done.
PRETERIT. Auoir fait.

Page 1013

In doyng, to do, for to do.
GERUNDIF. En faisant, a faire, pour faire.
THE OVERTHROWEN. To be done.
LE RENUERSE. Estre fait.

Note that for to lerne frenche quickely, ye must turne the sayd conjugation iiii maners of wayes, tat is to say affirmatyve, and interrogatyve, and negatyve, and interrogatyve, as it hath ben plainly shewed here before.

Finis.

Another conjugation by way of combination lyke the tother before rehersed. And fyrst of the present.

Whan I repute me vile and unclene, by humilite, I am clene and pure
Quant je me repute uil et ord, uile et orde, par humilité, je suis nect et pur, necte et
by goodnes.
pure, par bonté.
Whan thou repute the , by goodnes, thou art ,
Quant tu te repute uil et ord, uile et orde, par bonté, tu es nect et pur, necte et pure,
par humilité.
Whan he him repute , he is ,
Quant il se repute uil et ord, uile et orde, par bonté, il est pur et nect, pure et necte,
par humilité.
Whan we us repute , we be
Quant nous nous reputons uilz et ordz, uiles et ordes, par humilité, nous sommes purs
et nectz par bonté.
Whan ye you repute , ye be
Quant uous uous reputez uilz et ordz, uiles et ordes, par humilité, uous estes purs et
nectz, etc. par bonté.
Whan they them repute , by mekenes, they
Quant ilz ou elles se reputent uilz et ordz, uiles et ordes, par humilité, ilz ou elles sont
purs et nectz, pures et nectes, par bonté.

And so forth unto the imperatif, makyng other verbes by patron of the same.

Also another conjugation with two verbes togeder every of them twyse rehersed, and the verbe repeted ever in the preterit parfet, and the fyrst and last goyng through all the modes and tenses: the whiche ben thus. Whan I se that I never saw, I thinke that I never thought.

Whan I se that whiche I never saw, I thinke that I never thought. Quant je uoy ce que ne ueis jamais, je pense ce que ne pensay oncques.

Page 1014

Whan thou seest that that thou , thou .
Quant tu uois ce que tu ne ueis jamais, tu pense ce que ne pensas oncques.
Whan he seth , he thinke that .
Quant il uoit ce quil ne ueist jamais, il pense ce quil ne pensa oncques.
Whan we se that that we , we .
Quant nous uoions ce que nous ne ueismes jamais, nous pensons ce que ne pensames
oncques.
Whan ye se that that ye never sawe, ye .
Quant uous uoyez ce que ne ueistes jamais, uous pensés ce que ne pensastes oncques.
Whan they se , they .
Quant ilz uoient ce quilz ne ueisent jamais, ilz pensent ce que ne penserent oncques.

And so through till the imperatif, than ye may turne the verbes if ye lyste, sayeng: «Whan I thinke that I never thought, I se that I never sawe; Quant je pense ce que ne pensay jamais, je uoy ce que ne ueis oncques,» and so forth.

Another conjugation joynynge two verbes together.

Whan I am ydell, I worke nat: whan I worke, I am nat ydell.
Quant je chomme, je ne besongne pas: quant je besongne, je ne chomme pas.
Whan thou art ydell, thou workest nat: whan thou workest, thou art nat ydell.
Quant tu chomme, tu ne besongne pas: quant tu besongne, tu ne chomme pas.
Whan he or she is ydell, he or she worketh nat: whan he or she doeth worke, he or
Quant il ou elle chome, il ou elle ne besongne pas: quand il ou elle besongne, il ou
she is nat ydell.
elle ne chomme pas.
Whan we be ydel, we do nat worke: whan we worke, we be
Quant nous chommons, nous ne besongnons pas: quant nous besongnons, nous ne
nat ydel.
chomons pas.
Whan ye be ydel, ye worke nat: whan ye worked, ye be nat
Quant uous chommés, uous ne besongnés pas: quant uous besongnés, uous ne chomés
ydel.
pas.
Whan they ben ydel, they worke nat: whan they worke,
Quant ilz ou elles chomment, ilz ou elles ne besongnent pas: quant ilz ou elles besongnent,
they be nat ydel.
ilz ou elles ne chomment pas.
I was ydel,
And so forth till the imperatif, saieng in the preterit imparfet: chomoie,

Page 1015

I dyd worke. I was ydel whan I
besongnoie, etc.; in the parfet: chommay, besongnay; the indifinitif: quant jay
had ben ydel, I had nat worked. whan I had ben ydel, I had nat
chommé , je nay pas besongné; the plus parfet:quant jauoie chomé, je nauoie
worked. whan I shalbe ydel, I shall nat worke.
pas besongné; the future: quant je chommeray, je ne besongneray pas.

Another conjugation accordynge to the precedent.

Whan I am possessed, I have good earnes: whan I have non earnes, I am nat
Quant je suis nantis ou nantie, jay bonnes arres: quant je nay nulles arres, je ne suis
possessed.
point nantie.
Whan thou art possessed, thou hast good earnes: whan thou hast non earnes, thou art nat
Quant tu es nantis, tu as bonnes arres: quant tu nas nulles arres, tu nes point
possessed.
nantis.
Whan he hath good earnes, he is : whan he is nat possessed, he hath none earnes.
Quant il a bonnes arres, il est nantis: quant il nest point nantis, il na nulles arres.
Whan we be possessed, we have good earnes: whan we have good earnes,
Quant nous sommes nantis, nous auons bonnes arres: quant nous auons bonnes arres,
we be possessed.
nous sommes nantis.
Whan ye be , ye have good : whan ye have , ye
Quant uous estes nantis, uous aues bonnes arres: quant uous aues bonnes arres, uous
be.
estes nantis.
Whan they be , they have : whan they have , they be.
Quant ilz sont nantis, ilz ont bonnes arres: quant ilz ont bonnes arres, ilz sont nantis.
I am
and so forth after the verbe, je suis, sayeng in the preterit imparfet,
whan I was
quant jestois, etc. (Loke above.)
I understande, thou understande, he or she understandeth, we us understande,
Jentens, je mentens: tu entens, tu tentens: il ou elle sentend: nous nous entendons,
ye understande you, they understande.
uous uous entendes, ilz ou elles sentendent.

THE INTERROGATYVE.

Understand I me, understande thou, understande he or she: understande we us,
Mentens je, tentens tu , sentend il ou elle: nous entendons nous,
understande ye you, understande they them.
uous entendes uous, sentendent ilz ou elles.

Page 1016

THE NEGATYVE.

I understande nat me, thou understande nat the, he or she understande nat him; we do
Je ne mentens pas, tu ne tentens pas, il ou elle ne sentend pas: nous ne
nat understande us, ye do nat understande you, they do nat understande them.
nous entendons pas, uous ne uous entendés pas, ilz ou elles ne sentendent pas.

THE INTERROGATYVE.

Do nat I understande me, do nat thou understande the, do nat he understande him or she:
Ne mentens je pas, ne tentens tu pas, ne sentend il ou elle pas:
do we nat understande us, do ye nat understande ye, do nat they understande
ne nous entendons nous pas, ne uous entendes uous pas, ne sentendent ilz
them.
ou elles pas.
Dyd I understande, understande I, I have understande, I had understande, I shall understande.
entendoie, entendis, jay entendu, jauoie entendu, entenderay.

Thus endeth the fyrst boke.

Page 1017

An answere to the correcters and of all workes reprouers.
APOLOGIE AUX CORRECTEURS ET DE TOUTTES OUURES REPREUEURS.

GILES DU WES ALIAS DE VADIS.

Grose folke of rude affection
G rosses gens de rudes affections
dronkerdes, banysshed of trewe felyng
I urongnes, bannis de uray sentement
lubbers, knaves, private of understandyng
L ourdaultz, cocardz, priues dentendement
in their mouthfull takyng refection
E n leur gueulée prenant refections
fulfylled of oprobre and of detraction
S aoule doprobes et de detractions
Shall say of me as they do of other folkes
D iront de moy comme ilz font daultre gent
beholde here, what a maker fayre and gentyl
U oies icy, quel facteur bel et gent,
trewe it is for certayne, that I am ignorant
U ray est pour certain, que suis ignorant
wyllyng I ought nat to leave therfore
U oulloir je ne doy pas laisser pour tant
to undertake thyng that ought to be prayse
E mprendre chose qui fait a priser
without takyng hede to their disprayse.
S ans garde prendre a leur despriser.
Some shall say this is yvell writte
A ulcun diront cecy est mal escript
the others aftervarde, bendyng the browes
L es aultres appres, bandant lez sourcilz
shall there fynde right great faute of spirite
I trouueront tresgrant faulte desprit
other shall wey all, as folkes subtyles
A ultres peseront tout, comme gens subtilz.
upon this gyveng their sentence and advyse.
S ur ce donnant leur sentence et aduis.
Say every one what so ever he wyll
D ie ung chescun ce que dire uouldra
in the spite of the dyvell, and of yvel wyll.
E n despit du diable, et de mal uoulloir.
Se they may, that I have put me in dever
U eoir ilz pouront, que ma mis en debuoir
to do well, do better that can
A bien faire, face mieulz qui scara
of me certes nat reproved he shalbe.
D e moy certes ja reprins nen sera.
Jesus than us graunt well to do
I hesus doncques nous ottroy bien faire
without willyng, neither him nor other displease.
S ans uoulloir, na lui na aultre desplaire.

ENDE OF THE FYRST BOKE.

Page 1018

HERE FOLOWETH THE SECONDE BOOKE
of this lytell worke, in the whiche
shalbe treated of communyca-
tions, and other thynges
necessary to the lernyn
of the sayd French
tonge.

Page 1019

A LAUDE AND PRAYSE
TO THE KYNGE, THE QUENE, AND TO THE PRINCESSE
NOBLE GRACE, FOR A PREAMBLE OR
PROLOGUE TO THE SAYD
BOKE.
To the right hye, right chrìsten, and most redouted imperiall myght, and
A la treshaulte, trescrestien, et tresredoutée imperialle puissance, et
soverayne majesty of you, Henry by the grace of God, lyveng kyng victorious,
souueraine maiste de uous, Henry par la grace de Dieu, uiuant roy uictorieux,
and monarcion of all Englande, the VIII of that name: be
et monarque de toute Engleterre, huitiesme de ce nom: soit
laude everlastyng, honour without ende: alwayes lastynge lyfe prosperous
louenge perpetuélle, honneur sans fin: tousjours durant uie prospére
and good felicite.
et bien heurée.
And to you most illustre, right excellente, and right magnanime lady and
Et a uous tresillustre, tresexcellente, et tresmagnanime dame et
princesse, my lady Anne by the grace of God quene of Englande and of
princesse, ma dame Anne par la grace de Dieu royne dEngleterre et de
France: with right noble and most vertuouse yours right dere and well beloved
Fraunce: auec tres noble et tres uertueuse uostre tres chiére et bien aimée
doughter Elizabeth, princesse of Englande and of Wales: be lyfe everlastynge
fille Elizabeth, princesse dEngleterre et de Galles: soit uie pardurable
and joye without ende. Amen amen.
et joye sans fin. Amen amen.
Ee dicat omnis populus amen.

Page 1020

Wolde to God A ma uoullenté that the Godheed que la deité, full of goodnesse plaine de bonté had graunted to me sy meust ottroié whiche am counterfait qui suis contrefait of ignorancy, and undone dignorance, et desfait koning and knowledge science et scauoir with the power auecques pouoir can declare scavoir declarér and to manyfeste et manifestér after my power selon mon possible the grace that can nat be saide la grace indicible of the right christen kyng du trescrestien roy whiche in noble aray qui en noble aroy is this day lyvyng est aujourdhuy uiuant prosperous and reignyng prospereus et regnant whiche all the men qui tous les hommes howe great that we ben come grans que sommes as well clerkes and lays et clercz et laiz

by his faire dedes par ses beaulz faitz hath over comen a surmontés and excelled et excellés wherfore the most pourquoy le plus parfait here beneth parfait ca jus having power ayant pouoir and the knowyng et le scauoir shulde fayle right well il fauldroit bien that his mainteynyng que son maintien that his sperit que son esprit of wyt kyndled de sens esprit might ones begyne peult entamér for to declare pour declarér as it hapened comme il aduient whan a man doth come quant homme uient to the great see a la graunt mér for to lade it pour lespuisér incontinently incontinent that he doth se quil uoit comment

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his entreprise son entreprise whiche to that him tychyt que ce latise hath made him do amysse la fait mesprendre willyng to take in hande uoulloir emprendre a thinge unpossible chose impossible he that right feble luy qui debile is, and fraile est, et fragille and lytell able et peu abille as a man dronke comme ung homme yvre whiche lytell to lyve quy guere uiura naturally naturellement may nat goodly ne peult bonnement he him withdraweth il se retire pluckyng him selfe et se detire him complainynge soy doulousant that nat knowyng que non scauaunt he hath undertake il a empris to wyn the prise gagner le pris wyllyng for to do pour uoulloir faire

the whiche to parforme ce que parfaire no man might nul ne poulroit where he nover tant ne seroit man so myghty home puissant alwaies livyng tousjours uiuaunt neither more nor lesse ne plus ne moins to put his handes mectre ses mains or besy him selfe ou sempeschér wyllyng to prayse uoulloir prisér prince without pere prince sans pér and nat to erre sans point errér shuld be to lade seroit puisser the water out of the se leaue hors la mér wherfore in now pourquoy a tant me withdrawyng me retirant of myn enterpryse de mon emprise I say without fiction dis sans faintise during my lyfe. durant ma uye. Be it sadde or mery Soit triste ou lye

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I shall never cease ne cesseray nor shall leave ne laysseray in every place en chascun lieu to laude God de louér Dieu and also to crie et de criér and to supply et supliér his magestie sa magesté and godheed et deité to be wyllyng to kepe uoulloir gardér and to preserve et preseruér the noble lorde le noble seigneur from all unhap de tout malheur also the lady aussi la dame whiche lyved without blame que uist sans blame I understande the quene jentens la royne whiche never doth ende qui point ne fine to do honour de faire honneur to the maker au createur with she auec[que] celle

that hath no pere qui non pareille in this worlde est en ce monde right pure and clene trespure et monde it is the princesse cest la princesse halfe a goddesse demie deesse leavyng them to us les nous laissans here lyvyng icy uiuans right longe space tres longue espace with his grace avec sa grace than whan shall come puis quand uiendra that it shall nede quil conuiendra at the later ende a la parfin that they take an ende quilz prengnent fin without bytternesse sans amertune or payne any ne paine aulcune they be sette ilz soient posés and bestowed et colocqués in Heven en Paradis where as ever la ou toudis

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they may laude puissent louér and exalte et exaltér with the saintes auec les sainctz wherof there is many dont y a maintz

the blessed Trinite la benoite Trinité thre persones in unite trois personnes en unité the whiche for ever without decline laquelle a jamais sans declin reigne alwayes without ende. regne a tousjours sans prendre fin.

Finis.