The Grammar of English Grammars

by Goold Brown

INDEX TO THE GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH GRAMMARS.

[Asterism] In the following Index, the page of the Grammar is directly referred to: Obs. or N. before a numeral, stands for Observation or Observations, or for Note or Notes of the text: R. after a reference, stands for RULE. The small letter n., with an asterisk or other mark affixed to it, relates to a footnote with such mark in the Grammar. Occasionally, t., m., or b., or u., or l., accompanies a reference, to indicate the top, middle, or bottom, or the upper or the lower half, of the page referred to. Few abbreviations are employed beyond those of the ordinary grammatical terms. The Index is not intended to supersede the use of the Table of Contents, which stands after the Preface. It is occupied wholly with the matter of the Grammar proper; hence there are in it no references to the Introduction Historical and Critical, which precedes the didactic portion of the work. In the Table before-mentioned must be sought the general division of English grammar, and matters pertaining to praxis, to examination, and to the writing of exercises.

A.

A, lett., names itself
—its plur.
—sounds properly its own
—numb. of sounds pertaining to, orthoëpists differ concerning
—diphthongs beginning with,
—triphth. do.
—its true sound to be carefully preserved at end of words,
A, as prep, or prefix
—before part, in ing.
A and an, in Gr. derivatives.
A or an, art., see An, A

Abbreviations, frequent in writt. lang.
—rule of punct. for.
C, M, D, &c., as numerals, see Letters.
Needless abbreviations, to be avoided

Able, ible, class of adjectives in, numerous in Eng.; difficulty with
resp. to the prop. form and signif. of; to what able most properly
belongs
—application of able to nouns, its propriety doubtf.
—Able or ible, prop. application of, how far determined from Lat.
etymol.
—Able and ible, words of the same meaning in, how formed from
different roots,

About, with infin., as substitute for Lat. fut. part, in rus —About, with of preced., ("OF ABOUT one hundred feet") —About, derivat. of, from Sax.

Abrupt transitions in the Bible

Absolute, when, and in what case, a noun or a pron. is put —Absol., case, defect of the common rule for —in how many ways the nom. case is put —nom. case put, with part., to what often equivalent; what part. frequently understood after nouns put —case, its existence denied by what authors —words put, punct. of,

Abstract numbers, synt. of the phraseology used in speaking of, ("Twice two IS four," or "Twice two ARE four")

Absurd or incompatible expressions, to be avoided

Absurdities of expression, Crit. N. concerning

Acatalectic, when a line is said to be

Accent and quantity, critical observations on

Accent, difficulty with respect to the import of the word —various definitions of, cited —Accent, confounded by some with emphasis —defined, as commonly understood —chief or primary and secondary —Accent, by what regulated —compared with emphasis —as affected by do. —is distinct from quantity —as understood by DR. JOH. —SHERID. teachings concerning; mostly adopted by MURR. —what lett. of a word receives the mark of —stress on a monosyl. more properly emphasis than —Accents, more than one on a word —DR. ADAM'S view of

Accentuation, modern, of Gr. and Lat. words, by what regulated; SANCTIUS'S rule for, new vers. of

According to, as to, resolved. Accordingly, whether may be said for the questionable according

Accusative before infin., in Lat. and Gr., of what reckoned the subject —whether the construc. can in general be imitated in Eng. —who adopt the Lat. doctrine of —what our nearest approach to the Lat. construc. of

Active, in reference to verbs, in what sense may be used

Active-transitive verb, defined
—Act.-trans. verbs gov. obj. case
—place of agent and object in respect to
—Act.-trans. verb, or part., has some noun or pron. for its object
—with two words in appos. ("Proclaim THEE KING,")
—with do., neither in appos. nor connected by conjunc., ("I paid HIM
the MONEY,")
—with redund. me, thee, you
—should not be used without an object
—should not assume a governm. incompatible with its signif.

Active-intransitive verb, defined
—Act.-intrans. verb, with prep. and its object, put in the pass.
form
—in pass. form with neut. signif. ("I AM COME,")
—should not be used transitively

Addison, undeservedly criticised by BLAIR, for his frequent use of that, as a relative

Addition, enumeration, of numbers, by what number of the verb to be expressed

Address, ordinary fashion of, in Eng., the plur. numb. —has introduced the anomal. compound yourself —Address, direct, nom. absol. by —terms of, your Majesty, your Highness, &c., in what construc. used —general usage of, in Fr.; in Span., Portug., or Germ.

ADJECTIVES, Etymol. of —Classes of, named and defined —Modifications of —Comparison of, reg.; by adverbs; irreg. —Adjectives in able and ible, (see Able, Ible.) —Adjectives, number of, in Eng. —how have been otherwise called —how distinguished from nouns —other parts of speech may become —MURR., on nouns assuming the nature of —whether nouns plur. can assume the character of —Adjectives that cannot be compared —that are compared by means of adverbs —(See Comparison, Comparative Deg., and Superlative Deg.) —Adjectives requiring the article the —denoting place or situation, comparison of —become adverbs —use of, for adv., improper —with prep., ellipt., equivalent to adv. —poet., for nouns —do., for adverbs —Adjectives, Synt. of —do., in what consists —to what relate —substituted ellipt. for their abstr. nouns —relate to nouns or pronouns understood —used with def. art., ellipt., as nouns —two or more before a noun, order of —two, joined by hyphens —denoting unity or plurality, how agree with their nouns —connected, position of —differing in numb., connected without repetition of noun ("ONE or more letters,") —much, little, &c., preceded by too, how, &c., taken substantively —Adjectives, punct. of —derivation of, from nouns, from adjectives, &c. —poet. peculiarities in respect to —Adjective, taken abstractly with infin. or part. —following a finite verb, without a noun —do. an infin. or a part. —position of, in Eng. —when may either precede or follow its noun —Whether adj. or adv. is required, how determined —Adjective, one superadded to an other, without conjunc., position of —when the figure of, affects the sense, what to be done —should not be represented by a pronoun —ellipsis of, shown

Adjectives, common, probable numb. of, in Eng.
—enumeration of, according to their endings

Adjectives, compound, analogies of their formation, traced
—nouns derived from, generally disapproved

Adjectives, numeral, kinds of, named
—Cardinal numb. and its corresponding numeral, what denote
—Construction and figure of the numerals

Adjectives, participial, what words to be referred to the class of —cannot be construed to govern obj. case

Adjectives, pronominal, list of —which, sometimes used adverbially —which, sometimes used partitively, appar. as nouns —without nouns expressed, how parsed —distribution of, by CHURCH See Other, &c.

Adjectives, proper, peculiarities of, considered —rule for initial capital in

Adjuncts of nominative in the agreement of a verb

Admitting, allowing, &c., appar. independent, to what may relate

ADVERBS, Etymol. of —Adverb, defined —Adverbs, serve to abbreviate expression —other classes of words sometimes take the nature of —appar. take the nat. of other parts of speech —how distinguished from adjectives —Classes of, named and defined —proper classification of, by what indicated —of time, place, and manner, with what connected; of degree, do. —conjunctive (see Conjunctive Adverb:) —Modifications of —number of, in Eng. —Whether adverb or adjective required, how determined —Adverbs, Synt. of —in what do. consists —to what relate —Adverb before a prep. ("CONSIDERABLY beyond,") —Adverbs, whether sometimes qualify nouns —of participles which become nouns, how managed —above, then, &c., as relating directly to a noun, how parsed —Adverbs, of degree, to what adjectives not applicable —direct use of, for pronouns, inelegant —position of —needless use of, for adjectives —hither, &c., for here, &c., with verb of motion —hence, &c., with from prefixed —when, &c., not to follow is in a definition ("Concord is WHEN," &c.,) —ever and never, to be carefully distinguished —in ly, when preferable to other forms —Adverb, appar. made object of a prep. ("At ONCE,") —emphatic, with verb of self-motion suppressed ("I'll HENCE,") —Adverb HOW, misuse of ("He said HOW," &c.,) —NO, not to be used in reference to a verb or a part. —Adverbial form or character, words of, how parsed —Adverbs, punct. of —Adverb, ellips. of, shown —Adverbs, derivation of, —many common Eng., of Anglo-Sax. origin —poet. peculiarities in the use of —peculiar use of those of two syllables in ly, by MILT. and his contemporaries —Adverbial phrase, a needless and improper designation in analysis

Affectation of fine writing, PREC. against

Ago and since, difference between

AGREEMENT, of words, defined —with what synonymous —Agreement, how many of the parts of speech in Eng., incapable of; none necessary between words unrelated —as differing from relation —of words in the same construc., not easy to determine —rules of, as applied to articles, impertinent —Agreements, syntactical, in Eng., specified —Agreement, general principles of —figurative, of pronouns with antecedents

Ah, sometimes departs from usage

Alexandrine verse, description of

Alias, for the equivocal or, use of, in judicial proceedings

All, when may be reckoned a noun

Allegory, defined —Allegory includes most parables of Script., and some fables

Alphabet, Eng., names and plur. numb. of the letters
—Hebrew, names and characters of, given,
—Greek, do.
—Latin, names of the letters of, scarcely known even to the learned;
account of its letters
—A perfect alphabet in Eng., what it would effect
—Letters of the alphabet, when and how used in the sciences

Alphabetic writing, its advantage over the syllabic

Ambiguous, construc., with respect to the class of a word —do., with resp. to the case of a word —expressions, PREC. against

Amen, use and import of

Among and amongst, amid and amidst, different in sense and construc.
from between and betwixt
—incompatible with the distributive one an other
—derivation of, from Sax.

Amphibrach, defined

Amphimac, amphimacer, or Cretic, defined.

An, conjunc., obsolete for if ("Nay, AN thou 'lt mouthe," &c., SHAK.,) —derivation of, from Sax.

An, a, art., one and the same
—preferable form before a particular sound
—A or an before genus
—how commonly limits the sense
—belongs to sing. numb. only
—with adjective of numb.
—its effect upon proper and common nouns
—is without agreem.
—Whether an is from a or a from an
—An, a, origin of
—of proportion
—with numerals
—by what definitives superseded
—implies unity; sometimes precedes collective noun conveying the idea
of plurality
—present usage of, how differs from that of ancient writers
—use of, before humble, and its compounds and derivatives
—erroneous use of, as relating to a plural
—not to be used for the, to denote emphat. a whole kind

Analysis, "to analyze a sentence," what
—Analysis of sentences shown in five different methods; which method
BROWN calls "the best and most thorough"
—Analysis, notices of the different methods of
—importance of, in teaching grammar; the truest method of, parsing

Anapest, defined

Anapestic verse, treated —what syll. of, has stress; first foot of, how may be varied —what variation of, produces composite verse —whether a surplus syll. in, may compensate for a deficient one —what number of syllables in the longest measure of —Anapestic verse shown in its four measures —Anapestic, measures, why few —poetry, pieces in general short —(instance of a long piece, L. HUNT'S "Feast of the Poets,")

And, discriminated from or
—when preferable to with, or, or nor
—whether emphatic of word or phrase following it ("Part pays, AND
justly;" &c., POPE,)
—derivation of, from Sax.

Anglo-Saxon dialect, and accessions thereto, as forming the modern Eng. lang.

An other, see Other

Antecedent, proper sense of the term
—sometimes placed after its pronoun
—sometimes doubly restricted
—of pron., applied figuratively
—sing., with the adj. many, and a plur. pron.
—suppressed
—Antecedents of different persons, numbers, and genders,
disjunctively connected, how represented
—joint, agreem. of pron. in ellipt. construct. of

Antibacchy, or hypobacchy, defined

Antiquated words and modes of expression, more frequent in poetry than in prose

Antithesis, defined

Aorist, or indefinite, may be applied to imperf. tense pot. and subjunc.

Aphæresis, defined

Apocope, defined

Apophasis, or paralipsis, explained

Apostrophe, mark, what denotes; for what sometimes used
—at what period introduced into the poss. case Apostrophe, figure,
defined

Apposition, Synt.
—agreement between words in
—Apposition, what, and from whom received this name
—different from same cases put after verbs and participles not
trans.; false teachings of MURR. et al. hereon
—the rule for, to which apposed term applied; whether words in,
should be parsed separately
—common rule and definition of, wherein faulty
—which word of, the explanatory term; when explan. word placed
first
—in what case of, either word may be taken as the explan. term,
—why two possessive words cannot be in
—two or more nouns in, where sign of possession put
—whether compat. with, to supply relative and verb between the apposed
words
—Apposition, appar., of noun without poss. sign, with pron.
possess. ("YOUR success as an INSTRUCTER,")
—noun or pron. emphat. repeated ("Cisterns, broken CISTERNS," &c.,)
—appar., of a noun to a sentence
—of words differing in numb. ("Go YE every MAN,")
—of proper nouns with appellatives ("The river THAMES,")
—act. verb followed by two words in
—whether requires any other agreem. than that of cases
—words in, punct. of
—of a common with a prop. name, use of capital lett.

Archaism, what

Aristotle, division of the Greek letters
—what neoterics wiser than; how considers the compounding or
non-compounding of terms

Arithmetical numbers, relation of the terms in

ARRANGEMENT of words, term defined
—Arrang. of words, of what importance in synt.; whether it affects
the method of parsing words

ARTICLES, Etymol. of
—Article, defined
—Article, common noun without; Eng. nouns without, taken
indefinitely partitive
—words of mere being, used without
—Articles, how often inserted
—needless, to be omitted
—Classes of, named and defined
—Modificat. (an short, to a, the only,)
—Articles, the frequent use of; freq. misapplication of
—to be distinguished from adjectives, and from each other
—appar. used for adverbs
—Article, Eng., its demonstrative character
—do., compared with the Gr. def. art.; no rule for agreement of,
appropriate in Eng.
—use of, before names of rivers
—Articles, Synt. of
—to what RELATE
—Article, with the poss. and its governing noun, only one, used
—one noun admits of one, only; before an adj., relates to a noun
understood
—why not repeated, as in Fr., before every noun of a series; why the
omission of, cannot constitute a proper ellips.
—position of, with respect to its noun; ditto, with respect to an adj.
and noun
—relative position of, and adj., not a matter of indifference
—excluded by certain pronom. adjectives; what ones precede it; its
position in respect to an adj. of quality, limited by too, so, as,
or how
—position of, when an adj. is preceded by another adv. than too, so,
as, or how
—do., when an adj. follows its noun
—whether the insertion or the omission of, can greatly affect the
import of a sentence
—Article, repetition of, with nouns connected
—do. with adjectives connected, and, oppos.
—added to each of two or more nouns sing., or a plural put ("THE
nominative and THE objective CASE," or "THE nominative and
objective CASES,")
—use of, in special correspondence of phrases
—do., in correspondence peculiar
—do., in a series of terms
—erroneous use of, before the species, for THE; do., when the
species is said to be of the genus ("A JAY is a sort of A
BIRD,")
—not used before names of the virtues, vices, &c., before limited
terms, and before nouns of definite signif.
—do. before titles or names mentioned merely as such
—do. before a part. not taken as a noun
—insertion or omission of, with respect to a comparison or an
alternation made with two nouns
—required in the construc. which converts a part. into a verbal noun
—Articles, what the false synt. of, includes
—Ellips. of article, shown
—Articles, derivation of
—frequently omitted by the poets See also Definite Article, and An,
A

Articulate or elementary sound, nature of

Articulation, as defined by COMST.; do. by BOLLES
—Articulation, how differs from pronunciation
—the principles of, what they constitute
—a good one, what, in the view of COMST.; do., in what consists,
according to SHERID.; do. importance of; do., how delivers words

As, as subject or object of a verb, its CLASS
—with a clause or sentence as anteced., do. As, as relative,
WEBST. absurd explanation of; CHAND. do.; BULL. denial
—to what construc. limited
—peculiarities with respect to position
—declined
—derivation of, from Teuton., DR. JOH.
—As follow, as follows, &c., construction of; MURR., himself
perplexed by TOOKE and CAMPB., delivers dubious instructions
concerning
—Opinion of NIX. and CROMB. concerning. As, as a conjunc., uniting
words in appos.
—between adj. or part. and its noun ("Actions AS such")
—with ellips. of latter term of comparison ("For such AS HE")
—As and than, character and import of
—words connected by, generally put in the same case
—As
—as; as
—so; so (preceded by a negative,)
—as; so
—as (with an infin. following;) correspondents

Asking and exclaiming, simple and appropriate names for the marks of, desirable

Aspirates, see Semivowels

Asterisk, use of. Asterism, do.

Ate, particular words ending in, peculiarities of

Auxiliary, defined —Auxiliary, form of a verb, when preferable to the simp. —verbs, are mostly defective —do., are needful in the conjug. of English verbs —do., inflection of, shown —Auxiliaries used as expletives —Auxiliary, poet. placed after verb

Averse, aversion, whether to be construed with from or to

Avoiding, verbs of, with part. in stead of infin.

Awkwardness, literary, Crit. N. censuring

Ay, I, assentive adv. —Ay, sometimes improp. written for ah