A Study of Association in Insanity

by Grace Helen Kent; A. J. Rosanoff

§ 7. ANALYSIS OF PATHOLOGICAL MATERIAL

We present in Table IV, the results of a statistical examination of the records obtained from certain groups of normal subjects and from some groups of insane subjects.

The normal groups have been studied for the purpose of determining the frequency and manner of occurrence among normal subjects of the various of abnormal reactions. It seemed best for this purpose to consider separately the records of those subjects who gave an unusually large number of individual reactions. Fifty-three records containing fifteen or more individual reactions were found after a fairly diligent search among our normal test records. In the other groups of subjects—persons of common school education, persons of collegiate education, and children—we included no records containing more than ten individual reactions.

The more striking departures from average normal figures are indicated in the table by the use of heavy type.

This table reveals associational tendencies as occurring in connection with the psychoses studied. A better insight into the nature of these tendencies can be gained by a special analysis of the test of each clinical group.

DEMENTIA PRÆCOX

In this psychosis we find the number of individual reactions far exceeding not only that of the normal but that of any other psychosis which we studied. To a corresponding extent we find the number of the highest type of normal reactions—the common specific reactions—reduced.

TABLE IV.

TYPES OF REACTION
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA
+—+——+——+—+——+——+—+——+——+—+——+——+—-+——+——+—+——+——+—+——+——+—-+——+——+—-+——+——+
Common reactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Specific reactions…………….|90|89.8|….|90|89.7|….|91|89.4|….|72|71.4|….|631/2|58.9|….|82|71.3|….|71|63.7|….|78 |71.8|….|80 |71.2|….|
Non-specific reactions…………| 4| 4.9|….| 4| 4.1|….| 5| 5.7|….| 3| 4.8|….| 3 | 4.2|….| 4| 4.8|….| 5| 6.0|….|41/2 | 5.3|….|31/2 | 4.6|….|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Doubtful reactions…………….| 1| 1.1|….| 1| 0.6|….| 0| 0.7|….| 2| 2.3|….| 2 | 2.5|….| 2| 3.0|….| 3| 3.0|….| 2 | 2.2|….| 2 | 3.0|….|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Individual reactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Normal reactions………………| 2| 1.8|41.8| 1| 1.8|35.8| 1| 1.6|42.0| 7| 7.3|33.4| 4 | 4.8|13.9| 3| 3.5|16.3|31/2| 3.4|12.6| 3 | 3.6|17.4|41/2 | 5.3|24.3|
Derivatives of stimulus words…..| 0|0.01| 0.3| 0|0.02| 0.3| 0| 0| 0 | 0|0.04| 0.2| 0 |0.16|0.46| 0|0.10|0.40| 0|0.04|0.15| 0 |0.09|0.45| 0 |0.09|0.43|
Non-specific Reactions…………| 0| 0.1| 3.3| 0|0.1 | 1.2| 0|0.2 | 5.3| 0|0.4 | 2.0| 0 |0.6 |1.7 | 0|0.4 |1.7 | 0|0.5 |1.8 | 1 |0.5 |2.4 | 0 |0.3 |1.6 |
Sound reactions (words)………..| 0|0.08| 1.9| 0|0.05| 0.9| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.11| 0.5| 0 |1.62|4.7 | 1|1.60|7.4 | 0|0.54|2.0 | 0 |0.22|1.0 | 1 |1.53|7.1 |
Sound reactions (neologisms)……| 0|0.01| 0.3| 0|0.02| 0.3| 0| 0 | 0 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0 |0.07|0.2 | 0|1.0 |4.7 | 0|0.17|0.6 | 0 |0.06|0.3 | 0 |0.03|0.1 |
Word complements………………| 0|0.01| 0.3| 0|0.03| 0.6| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.08| 0.3| 0 |0.06|0.2 | 0|0.03|0.1 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0 |0.06|0.3 | 0 |0.10|0.9 |
Particles of speech……………| 0|0.09| 2.2| 0|0.06| 1.2| 0|0.06| 1.6| 0|0.68| 3.1| 0 |1.06|3.1 | 0|0.50|2.2 | 0|1.53|5.3 | 0 |1.22|5.3 | 0 |1.32|6.1 |
Association to preceding stimulus.| 0|0.06| 1.4| 0|0.06| 1.2| 0|0.04| 1.1| 0|0.49| 2.2| 0 |0.92|2.7 | 0|0.60|2.7 | 1|1.04|3.8 | 0 |0.75|3.6 | 0 |0.53|2.5 |
Association to preceding reaction.| 0| 0 | 0 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.04| 1.0| 0|0.09| 0.4| 1 |1.29|3.8 | 0|0.40|2.0 | 1|2.50|9.2 | 1 |3.69|17.7| 0 |0.37|1.7 |
Repetition of preceding stimulus..| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.03| 0.6| 0| 0 | 0 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0 |0.06|0.2 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.08|0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Repetition of previous stimulus…| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.01| 0.3| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.02| 0.1| 0 |0.12|0.4 | 0|0.10|0.4 | 0|0.29|1.1 | 0 |0.28|1.4 | 0 |0.22|1.0 |
Repetition of preceding reaction..| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.03| 0.6| 0|0.02| 0.5| 0|0.08| 0.3| 0 |1.16|3.4 | 0|0.12|0.6 | 0|0.58|2.1 | 0 |2.28|10.9| 0 |0.73|3.6 |
Repetition of previous reaction…| 0|0.21| 4.7| 0|0.31| 6.3| 0|0.23| 5.8| 0|0.92| 4.2| 1 |2.72|7.9 | 1|1.51|7.1 | 3|3.46|12.7| 0 |0.87|4.2 | 0 |0.91|4.2 |
Reaction repeated five times……| 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.05| 0.9| 0|0.08| 2.1| 0|0.32| 1.5| 0 |1.52|4.4 | 0|1.21|5.5 | 0|4.58|16.8| 0 |1.28|6.1 | 0 |0.81|3.8 |
Neologisms without sound relation.| 0| 0 | 0 | 0| 0 | 0 | 0|0.02| 0.5| 0| 0 | 0 | 0 |1.90|5.5 | 0|0.81|3.7 | 0|0.58|2.1 | 0 |0.09|0.4 | 0 |0.31|1.5 |
Unclassified………………….| 2| 1.8|43.4| 2|2.5 |50.3| 1|1.5 |39.4|11|11.1|51.2|11 |16.2|47.2| 5|9.3 |43.5| 6|7.7 |28.5| 5 |5.9 |28.4| 4 |8.6 |40.1|
+—+——+——+—+——+——+—+——+——+—+——+——+—-+——+——+—+——+——+—+——+——+—-+——+——+—-+——+——+
Total individual reactions | 4| 4.2|….| 5|5.1 |….| 9|3.9 |….|21|21.8|….|261/2|34.3|….|10|21.3|….|19|27.2|….|141/2|20.8|….|111/2|21.5|….|
+—+——+——+—+——+——+—+——+——+—+——+——+—-+——+——+—+——+——+—+——+——+—-+——+——+—-+——+——+

86 normal subjects, common school education; records containing not over 10 individual reactions.

A. Median per cent of all reactions.
B. Average per cent of all reactions.
C. Average per cent of individual reactions.

66 normal subjects, collegiate education; records containing not over 10 individual reactions.

D. Median per cent of all reactions.
E. Average per cent of all reactions.
F. Average per cent of individual reactions.

46 normal subjects, school children; records containing not over 10 individual reactions.

G. Median per cent of all reactions.
H. Average per cent of all reactions.
I. Average per cent of individual reactions.

53 normal subjects; records containing not under 15 individual reactions.

J. Median per cent of all reactions.
K. Average per cent of all reactions.
L. Average per cent of individual reactions.

108 cases of dementia præcox.

M. Median per cent of all reactions.
N. Average per cent of all reactions.
O. Average per cent of individual reactions.

33 cases of paranoic conditions.

P. Median per cent of all reactions.
Q. Average per cent of all reactions.
R. Average per cent of individual reactions.

24 cases of epilepsy.

S. Median per cent of all reactions.
T. Average per cent of all reactions.
U. Average per cent of individual reactions.

32 cases of general paresis.

V. Median per cent of all reactions.
W. Average per cent of all reactions.
X. Average per cent of individual reactions.

32 cases of manic-depressive insanity.

Y. Median per cent of all reactions.
Z. Average per cent of all reactions.
AA. Average per cent of individual reactions.

While almost every type of individual reactions shows here an increase over the normal averages, the most striking increases are shown by the table to be in the groups of unclassified reactions, neologisms, sound reactions, and some types of perseveration. A further examination of the individual test records shows that there is no uniformity of associational tendencies in this clinical group, but that several tendencies are more or less frequently met with either alone or in various combinations. Yet some of these tendencies, when appearing at all prominently, are so highly characteristic of dementia præcox as to be almost pathognomonic. Among these may be mentioned: (1) the tendency to give neologisms, particularly those of the senseless type; (2) the tendency to give unclassified reactions largely of the incoherent type; and (3) the tendency toward stereotypy manifested chiefly by abnormally frequent repetitions of the same reaction. Fairly characteristic also is the occasional tendency to give sound reactions. Again, occasionally one encounters pronounced perseveration, and at least two of our subjects gave a good many unclassified reactions obviously due to distraction.

It must be noted that not infrequently cases of dementia præcox give test records that cannot be distinguished from normal. It seems that the pathological associational tendencies constitute merely a special group of symptoms, some of which may be expected to be manifest in cases which have reached a state of advanced mental deterioration, but may not necessarily be present in the early stages of the disease. On the other hand there is evidence to show that these tendencies may in some cases appear among the earliest manifestations. This matter will be referred to again.

Thus the test records of dementia præcox depart from the normal not sharply but by a gradual shading off. We find similar gradual transitions between dementia præcox and other psychoses. For this work we selected cases in which the diagnoses were established with reasonable certainty. Whether or not in cases of doubtful clinical classification this association test may be of aid in determining the diagnosis, is a question that must for the present remain open.

We submit herewith copies of test records. The numbers which appear after the reactions indicate in each case the reaction type, in accordance with Table III. (p. 27); common specific reactions are not numbered.

CASE No. 4752.—H.J. Neologisms; some unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—meadow………19
Dark—black………..
Music—sweet……….
Sickness—dead…….. 2
Man—manion……….. 3
Deep—near…………19
Soft—sooner……….19
Eating—formble……. 4
Mountain—gair…….. 4
House—temble……… 4
Black—benched…….. 4
Mutton—ranched……. 4
Comfort—bumble……. 4
Hand—semble………. 4
Short—simber……… 4
Fruit—narrow………13
Butterfly—Ben……..19
Smooth—gum………..19
Command—bramble……19
Chair—low…………
Sweet—temper………19
Whistle—bensid……. 4
Woman—hummery…….. 4
Cold—gunst……….. 4
Slow—bemper………. 4
Wish—tip………….19
River—gumper……… 4
White—Andes……….19
Beautiful—giinper…. 4
Window—hummer…….. 4
Rough—geep……….. 4
Citizen—humper……. 4
Foot—zuper……….. 4
Spider—gumper…….. 4
Needle—himper…….. 4
Red—gumper……….. 4
Sleep—moop……….. 4
Anger—rumble………19
Carpet—slamper……. 4
Girl—Mnker……….. 4
High—bumper………. 4
Working—gumpip……. 4
Sour—imper……….. 4
Earth—gumper……… 4
Trouble—humper……. 4
Soldier—guipper…… 4
Cabbage—phar……… 4
Hard—her………….12
Eagle—damnornott….. 4
Stomach—dumper……. 4
Stem—gumper………. 4
Lamp—huntenit…….. 4
Dream—hungnot…….. 4
Yellow—bampir…….. 4
Bread—gumper……… 4
Justice—sidnerber…. 4
Boy—eeper………… 4
Light—huntznit……. 4
Health—geeper…….. 4
Bible—himpier…….. 4
Memory—hummer……..19
Sheep—hunner……… 4
Bath—bemnitper……. 4
Cottage—gumper……. 4
Swift—dumper……… 4
Blue—dipper……….19
Hungry—hummer…….. 3
Priest—rump……….19
Ocean—himmer……… 4
Head—hiniper……… 4
Stove—gamper……… 4
Long—humble……….19
Religion—gumper…… 4
Whiskey—numper……. 4
Child—himmer……… 4
Bitter—gehimper…… 3
Hammer—gueep……… 4
Thirsty—humper……. 4
City—deeper……….19
Square—bummer…….. 4
Butter—bimper…….. 3
Doctor—harner…….. 4
Loud—harner………. 4
Thief—himmer……… 4
Lion—humor………..19
Joy—gumpier………. 4
Bed—hoomer……….. 4
Heavy—doomer……… 4
Tobacco—per……….12
Baby—hoomer………. 4
Moon—gumper………. 4
Scissors—gumper…… 4
Quiet—humper……… 4
Green—gueet………. 3
Salt—rummer………. 4
Street—numper…….. 4
King—himper………. 4
Cheese—guinter……. 4
Blossom—yunger……. 4
Afraid—yunger…….. 4

CASE No. 5183.—G. D. Neologisms; numerous unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent; some sound neologisms.

Table—muss………..19
Dark—gone…………19
Music—caffa………. 4
Sickness—monk……..19
Man—boy…………..
Deep—lesson……….19
Soft—ness………… 4
Eating—pie…………
Mountain—Gus………19
House—muss………..15
Black—court……….19
Mutton—beef……….
Comfort—ness……… 4
Hand—koy…………. 4
Short—ness……….. 4
Fruit—dalb……….. 4
Butterfly—flack…… 4
Smooth—mess……….19
Command—cork………19
Chair—ness……….. 4
Sweet—Bess………..17
Whistle—toy……….
Woman—girl………..
Cold—cork…………15
Slow—mass…………19
Wish—veil………… 4
River—mouth……….17
White—cast………..17
Beautiful—ness……. 4
Window—crow……….19
Rough—ratter………19
Citizen—zide……… 4
Foot—malloy………. 4
Spider—straw………19
Needle—cast……….15
Red—Roman…………19
Sleep—scack………. 4
Anger—gois……….. 4
Carpet—noise………13
Girl—call…………18
High—hort………… 4
Working—kaffir…….19
Sour—romerscotters… 4
Earth—bell………..19
Trouble—tramine…… 4
Soldier—gas……….19
Cabbage—cor………. 4
Hard—kalbas………. 4
Eagle—bell………..15
Stomach—chenic……. 4
Stem—trackstar……. 3
Lamp—loss…………19
Dream—melso………. 4
Yellow—ormondo……. 4
Bread—life………..
Justice—quartz…….19
Boy—nellan……….. 4
Light—cor………… 4
Health—hallenbee….. 4
Bible—book………..
Memory—bike……….19
Sheep—armen………. 4
Bath—cor…………. 4
Cottage—callan……. 4
Swift—swar……….. 3
Blue—blacksen…….. 4
Hungry—scatterbuck… 4
Priest—canon………17
Ocean—men…………19
Head—will…………19
Stove—somen………. 4
Long—lass…………19
Religion—cor……… 4
Whiskey—hanrow……. 4
Child—vand……….. 4
Bitter—bike……….15
Hammer—hemmel…….. 3
Thirsty—cass……… 4
City—cor…………. 4
Square—malice……..19
Butter—back……….19
Doctor—ness………. 4
Loud—arman……….. 4
Thief—cast………..15
Lion—loss…………15
Joy—kaffir………..15
Bed—banrow……….. 4
Heavy—cast………..15
Tobacco—colrow……. 4
Baby—boil…………19
Moon—padoc……….. 4
Scissors—kantow…… 4
Quiet—kilroe……… 4
Green—graft……….10
Salt—semen………..19
Street—pess………. 4
King—guess………..19
Cheese—tiffer…….. 4
Blossom—cad……….19
Afraid—mellows…….19

CASE No. 1500.—D.V. Considerable number of neologisms; stereotypy manifested partly in a tendency toward frequent repetition of certain reactions but mainly in a persistent tendency to make use of the grammatical form of present participle, giving rise to numerous doubtful reactions.

Table—stand……….
Dark—lonesome……..
Music—playing……..
Sickness—disease…..
Man—hiding………..19
Deep—unreckless…… 4
Soft—beginning…….19
Eating—plenty……..
Mountain—high……..
House—standing……. 6
Black—grivelling….. 4
Mutton—plenty……..15
Comfort—laying…….19
Hand—disease………15
Short—writing……..13
Fruit—coming………19
Butterfly—flying…..
Smooth—glimming…… 4
Command—master…….
Chair—standing……. 6
Sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—blowing……
Woman—loving………
Cold—cellar……….19
Slow—coming……….15
Wish—dreaming…….. 2
River—divided……..19
White—wall………..
Beautiful—pleasant… 1
Window—breaking…… 2
Rough—tumble………
Citizen—gentleman….
Foot—sweating……..19
Spider—biting…….. 2
Needle—stinging…… 2
Red—coloring………
Sleep—dreaming…….
Anger—widing……… 4
Carpet—cleaning……
Girl—pretty………. 1
High—degrace……… 4
Working—nobody…….19
Sour—holling……… 4
Earth—disgrace…….19
Trouble—plenty…….
Soldier—shooting…..13
Cabbage—welldebell… 4
Hard—earning……… 4
Eagle—setting……..19
Stomach—degrivel….. 4
Stem—biting……….19
Lamp—burning………
Dream—walking……..19
Yellow—blowing…….15
Bread—making………
Justice—unpossible… 4
Boy—growing………. 2
Light—stand………. 6
Health—raising…….19
Bible—teaching……. 2
Memory—together……12
Sheep—weeding……..19
Bath—held…………19
Cottage—standing….. 2
Swift—incuriossable.. 4
Blue—smooven……… 4
Hungry—uncareless…. 4
Priest—going………19
Ocean—moving……… 2
Head—setting………15
Stove—warm………..
Long—slowly………. 2
Religion—everything..19
Whiskey—burning……
Child—born………..
Bitter—taking……..19
Hammer—hitting……. 2
Thirsty—drinking…..
City—welldebell…… 4
Square—taking……..15
Butter—soft……….
Doctor—instrument….19
Loud—speaking…….. 2
Thief—gitting…….. 4
Lion—scared……….17
Joy—playing………. 2
Bed—laying……….. 2
Heavy—raisen……… 4
Tobacco—eating…….19
Baby—born…………
Moon—shining………
Scissors—cutting…..

Quiet—hitting……..15
Green—landed………19
Salt—throwing……..19
Street—walking…….
King—tension………19
Cheese—eating……..
Blossom—growing…… 2
Afraid—nobody……..

CASE No. 5138.—C.J. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—tablecloth…..
Dark—forward………19
Music—instrument…..
Sickness—fluid…….19
Man—hemale……….. 4
Deep—steep………..
Soft—hard…………
Eating—mountain……19
Mountain—raven…….19
House—shutter……..17
Black—blue………..
Mutton—beef……….
Comfort—discomfort…
Hand—wrist………..
Short—tall………..
Fruit—vegetable……
Butterfly—bee……..
Smooth—rough………
Command—orders…….
Chair—sofa………..
Sweet—sour………..
Whistle—fife………
Woman—girl………..
Cold—warm…………
Slow—faster………. 2
Wish—not…………. 2
River—neck………..17
White—blue………..
Beautiful—homely…..
Window—sill……….
Rough—paint……….19
Citizen—pedestrian…19
Foot—rose…………19
Spider—towel………19
Needle—lifter……..19
Red—dove………….19
Sleep—coat………..13
Anger—smile……….19
Carpet—gas………..19
Girl—kite…………19
High—cow………….19
Working—candy……..19
Sour—peach………..17
Earth—balloon……..19
Trouble—grass……..13
Soldier—brass……..17
Cabbage—flea………19
Hard—cat………….19
Eagle—negro……….10
Stomach—winter…….19
Stem—leaf…………
Lamp—cloth………..19
Dream—slumber……..
Yellow—pink……….
Bread—glass……….19
Justice—coal………19
Boy—maid………….
Light—shine……….
Health—pale……….17
Bible—leaf………..
Memory—grief………19
Sheep—giraffe……..19
Bath—soap…………
Cottage—scene……..19
Swift—slow………..
Blue—piece………..19
Hungry—food……….
Priest—minister……
Ocean—waves……….
Head—black………..
Stove—lid…………
Long—short………..
Religion—Christian…
Whiskey—malt………
Child—baby………..
Bitter—sweet………
Hammer—nail……….
Thirsty—water……..
City—steeple………19
Square—marble……..19
Butter—bread………
Doctor—aster………19
Loud—fog………….19
Thief—Mary………..19
Lion—tiger………..
Joy—glad………….
Bed—sheet…………
Heavy—light……….
Tobacco—smoke……..
Baby—powder……….
Moon—sky………….
Scissors—handle……
Quiet—sing………..19
Green—pink………..
Salt—chimney………19
Street—block………
King—crown………..
Cheese—tea………..17
Blossom—leaves…….
Afraid—frighten……

CASE No. 17979.—R.T. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—full………..19
Dark—coldness…….. 2
Music—aeronaut…….19
Sickness—better……
Man—extension……..19
Deep—electrician…..19
Soft—harden………. 2
Eating—stomach…….
Mountain—Lord……..19
House—roof………..
Black—darkness…….
Mutton—working…….19
Comfort—ahead……..12
Hand—mercury………19
Short—have………..12
Fruit—flavor………19
Butterfly—plant……13
Smooth—level………
Command—obedient…..
Chair—rest………..
Sweet—polish………19
Whistle—note………
Woman—comfort……..
Cold—pleasant…….. 1
Slow—move…………
Wish—wealth……….
River—shell……….19
White—change………19
Beautiful—sat……..19
Window—temperature…39
Rough—shell……….15
Citizen—soldier……
Foot—travel……….
Spider—web………..
Needle—point………
Red—temperature……15
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—temper………
Carpet—court………10
Girl—birth………..10
High—dirt…………19
Working—ease………
Sour—bait………… 4
Earth—vexation…….19
Trouble—business…..
Soldier—obedient….. 2
Cabbage—fell………19
Hard—solid………..
Eagle—government…..19
Stomach—chest……..
Stem—wish…………19
Lamp—brilliancy……17
Dream—unso……….. 4
Yellow—color………
Bread—crust……….
Justice—truth……..
Boy—obedient………
Light—heart………. 2
Health—feeling…….
Bible—scripture……
Memory—saying……..19
Sheep—wool………..
Bath—get………….19
Cottage—morrell…… 4
Swift—good……….. 1
Blue—look…………19
Hungry—have……….12
Priest—scripture…..15
Ocean—supply………19
Head—manager………17
Stove—shake……….19
Long—journey………
Religion—thought….. 1
Whiskey—lusk……… 4
Child—wish………..15
Bitter—enmalseladiga. 4
Hammer—efface……..19
Thirsty—want………
City—comforts……..15
Square—crown………19
Butter—flavor……..15
Doctor—dram……….19
Loud—temper……….15
Thief—catched…….. 2
Lion—crown………..15
Joy—pleasure……… 1
Bed—comforts………
Heavy—thoughts……. 1
Tobacco—changes……15
Baby—pleasure…….. 1
Moon—brilliancy…… 2
Scissors—edge……..
Quiet—baptism……..19
Green—autumn………19
Salt—gather……….19
Street—thoroughfare..
King—crown………..
Cheese—flavor……..15
Blossom—wood………17
Afraid—downhearted…17

CASE No. 3307.—G.F. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent; slight tendency to respond by sound reactions.

Table—desk………..
Dark—blue…………
Music—stars……….13
Sickness—trees…….19
Man—menace………..10
Deep—soap…………19
Soft—excited………19
Eating—spelling……10
Mountain—marbles…..19
House—train……….19
Black—bed…………19
Mutton—button……..10
Comfort—steak……..13
Hand—flexible……..19
Short—umbrella…….17
Fruit—blanket……..19
Butterfly—grass……
Smooth—sheet………19
Command—carpet…….19
Chair—store……….19
Sweet—flower………
Whistle—linen……..19
Woman—water……….19
Cold—coal…………
Slow—ferry………..17
Wish—sample……….19
River—shades………19
Whiter—blue……….
Beautiful—suspender..19
Window—wood……….
Rough—chisel………19
Citizen—ruler……..
Foot—snake………..19
Spider—fly………..
Needle—bird……….13
Red—green…………
Sleep—opening……..19
Anger—angry……….
Carpet—stitching…..19
Girl—madam………..17
High—ceiling………
Working—easy………
Sour—warm…………19
Earth—heaven………
Trouble—astonished…19
Soldier—man………. 1
Cabbage—carrot…….
Hard—softness…….. 2
Eagle—parrot………
Stomach—mind………19
Stem—stable……….10
Lamp—oil………….
Dream—awake……….
Yellow—darkness…… 2
Bread—rough……….19
Justice—male………19
Boy—buoy………….10
Light—standing…….19
Health—very……….12
Bible—ashamed……..19
Memory—staring…….19
Sheep—stock……….
Bath—sponge……….
Cottage—house……..
Swift—mouse……….19
Blue—fall…………19
Hungry—appetite……
Priest—pastor……..
Ocean—waves……….
Head—hat………….
Stove—blackening….. 2
Long—garden……….19
Religion—goodness…. 1
Whiskey—Kummell……17
Child—woman………. 1
Bitter—coughing……19
Hammer—sofa……….19
Thirsty—pillow…….18
City—united……….19
Square—oblong……..
Butter—lard……….
Doctor—physician…..
Loud—easy…………
Thief—burglar……..
Lion—tiger………..
Joy—healthy………. 2
Bed—thread………..10
Heavy—gloves………17
Tobacco—cigar……..
Baby—hood…………11
Moon—stars………..
Scissors—knife…….
Quiet—recollect……17
Green—ring………..19
Salt—pencil……….19
Street—bushes……..19
King—Germany………17
Cheese—rice……….17
Blossom—pepper…….19
Afraid—allspice……18

CASE NO. 971.—O.M. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—vote………..19
Dark—plenty……….19
Music—health………19
Sickness—fright……
Man—manager……….10
Deep—slow…………19
Soft—pepper……….19
Eating—vanity……..19
Mountains—slept……19
House—courage……..19
Black—funeral……..
Mutton—age………..19
Comfort—slide……..19
Hand—credit……….19

Short—Simpson……..17
Fruit—physician……19
Butterfly—torment….19
Smooth—button……..17
Command—scarf……..19
Chair—rage………..19
Sweet—cider……….17
Whistle—lace………19
Woman—debt………..19
Cold—powderly…….. 4
Slow—telephone…….19
Wish—regret……….17
River—herald………19
White—black……….
Beautiful—jolly……19
Window—pane……….
Rough—duty………..19
Citizen—ward………17
Foot—minister……..19
Spider—handsome……19
Needle—pin………..
Red—white…………
Sleep—apple……….13
Anger—sour………..19
Carpet—wood……….
Girl—boy………….
High—low………….
Working—height…….13
Sour—pitcher………19
Earth—clam………..19
Trouble—necessity…. 9
Soldier—marine…….
Cabbage—watermelon…17
Hard—cracker………17
Eagle—bright………19
Stomach—back………
Stem—stimulant…….10
Lamp—hair…………19
Dream—knees……….19
Yellow—amen……….12
Bread—general……..19
Justice—no……….. 2
Boy—grass…………19
Light—thought…….. 9
Health—depression….17
Bible—judger……… 4
Memory—stomach…….19
Sheep—crusade……..19
Bath—labor………..19
Cottage—cotton…….10
Swift—depth……….19
Blue—crimson………17
Hungry—alloyed…….19
Priest—politicians…17
Ocean—sea…………
Head—cranium………
Stove—soft………..19
Long—biles……….. 4
Religion—bunion……10
Whiskey—vinegar……17
Child—edge………..19
Bitter—born……….10
Hammer—wood……….
Thirsty—cradle…….19
City—flames……….19
Square—eating……..19
Butter—dirt……….19
Doctor—malefactor….19
Loud—quinine………19
Thief—joy…………19
Lion—sage…………19
Joy—thorn…………19
Bed—draper………..19
Heavy—close……….19
Tobacco—weed………
Baby—stop…………19
Moon—starch……….19
Scissors—crepe…….17
Quiet—bustle………19
Green—color……….
Salt—throw………..19
Street—ferment…….19
King—jaunce………. 4
Cheese—tepid………19
Blossom—woman…….. 9
Afraid—shame………17

CASE No. 01665.—E.H. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—cent………..19
Dark—sweet………..19
Music—delighted…… 2
Sickness—pop………19
Man—change………..19
Deep—pass…………19
Soft—drop…………19
Eating—fair……….19
Mountains—heavy……19
House—fate………..19
Black—right……….19
Mutton—with……….12
Comfort—indeed…….12
Hand—span…………10
Short—stop………..
Fruit—dip…………19
Butterfly—home…….19
Smooth—days……….19
Command—stop………15
Chair—pledge………19
Sweet—right……….15
Whistle—home………15
Woman—Louisa………17
Cold—chair………..16
Slow—aid………….19
Wish—book………… 2
River—shoes……….19
White—ouch………..12
Beautiful—not……..12
Window—papers……..19
Rough—lettuce……..19
Citizen—money……..17
Foot—stand………..
Spider—socks………19
Needle—drops………15
Red—glass…………17
Sleep—suits……….19
Anger—suits………. 5
Carpet—hat………..19
Girl—president…….19
High—pass…………19
Working—knock…….19
Sour—cake…………19
Earth—home………..
Trouble—news………17
Soldier—name………19
Cabbage—rule………19
Hard—rope…………19
Eagle—in………….12
Stomach—potato…….17
Stem—pick…………
Lamp—berry………..18
Dream—book………..
Yellow—lettuce…….19
Bread—chews……….17
Justice—night……..15
Boy—bat…………..17
Light—rasp………..19
Health—off………..12
Bible—comforter…… 2
Memory—candy………19
Sheep—eat…………
Bath—sweet………..19
Cottage—walk………19
Swift—reason………19
Blue—dot………….19
Hungry—swift………16
Priest—birth………19
Ocean—stop………..15
Head—strap………..19
Stove—pot…………17
Long—name…………
Religion—day………13
Whiskey—take………19
Child—jaw…………17
Bitter—licorice……17
Hammer—sound………
Thirsty—cards……..19
City—dice…………18
Square—muff……….19
Butter—stick………19
Doctor—perfect…….19
Loud—walk…………15
Thief—jail………..
Lion—cow………….
Joy—nail………….19
Bed—new…………..19
Heavy—down………..12
Tobacco—prize……..19
Baby—new………….15
Moon—new………….
Scissors—teach…….19
Quiet—man………… 1
Green—water……….17
Salt—money………..19
Street—right………15
King—girl…………19
Cheese—house………19
Blossom—work……… 1
Afraid—jars……….19

CASE M.F. (from Hudson River State Hospital).—Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—heat………..19
Dark—succeed………19
Music—benefit……..19
Sickness—steep…….19
Man—dicut………… 4
Deep—rectify………19
Soft—bed………….
Eating—dozy……….19
Mountain—tulu…….. 4
House—sails……….19
Black—sunrise……..19
Mutton—tuition…….19
Comfort—blasphemous..19
Hand—doing………..
Short—pest………..19
Fruit—charm……….19
Butterfly—doctor…..19
Smooth—border……..19
Command—right……..
Chair—distill……..19
Sweet—noticed……..19
Whistle—stead……..19
Woman—splice………19
Cold—strap………..19
Slow—chief………..19
Wish—shame………..19
River—word………..19
White—color……….
Beautiful—better…..19
Window—dull……….19
Rough—bright………18
Citizen—chum………19
Foot—relax………..19
Spider—float………19
Needle—action……..19
Red—stout…………19
Sleep—lazy………..17
Anger—anguish……..
Carpet—knowledge…..19
Girl—first………..10
High—hand…………19
Working—power……..17
Sour—mud………….19
Earth—sky…………
Trouble—sorrow…….
Soldier—manhood…… 2
Cabbage—righteous….19
Hard—beaten……….17
Eagle—dog…………19
Stomach—paste……..19
Stem—dust…………10
Lamp—fall…………19
Dream—idle………..17
Yellow—zone……….19
Bread—pan…………17
Justice—tricks…….17
Boy—barrel………..19
Light—powers………15
Health—kindness……19
Bible—story……….
Memory—pillow……..19
Sheep—veil………..19
Bath—ink………….19
Cottage—paper……..19
Swift—arrow……….
Blue—cold…………
Hungry—dyes……….19
Priest—cloak………19
Ocean—pilot……….17
Head—tin………….19
Stove—plate……….17
Long—trouble………19
Religion—soap……..19
Whiskey—starch…….18
Child—night……….19
Bitter—contentment…19

Hammer—shortness…..19
Thirsty—knife……..19
City—mind…………19
Square—truth……… 2
Butter—biscuit…….
Doctor—piles………17
Loud—distrust……..19
Thief—babies………19
Lion—hair…………
Joy—eyesight………19

Bed—dievos……….. 4
Heavy—determined…..19
Tobacco—health…….19
Baby—wood…………19
Moon—heat…………15
Scissors—squeeze…..19
Quiet—tears……….19
Green—fall………..15
Salt—soft…………10
Street—wait……….19
King—inches……….19
Cheese—doctor……..15
Blossom—fades……..19
Afraid—hearts…….. 2

CASE No. 01552.—E.J.D. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—unicorn……….19
Dark—African………..17
Music—love………….
Sickness—slumber…….17
Man—minstrel………..10
Deep—river………….
Soft—highwayman……..19
Eating—England………19
Mountain—pleasure…… 1
House—Christianity…..19
Black—directory……..19
Mutton—capers……….19
Comfort—mankind……..12
Hand—surface………..19
Short—court…………10
Fruit—pleasure………
Butterfly—dispatcher…19
Smooth—navigation……19
Command—administration. 9
Chair—time………….19
Sweet—office………..13
Whistle—foreign……..19
Woman—usefulness…….
Cold—frigid…………
Slow—vocation……….19
Wish—longing………..
River—tributary……..17
White—island………..
Beautiful—unseen…….19
Window—frugal……….19
Rough—nautical………19
Citizen—pedestrian…..19
Foot—laugh………….19
Spider—jungle……….19
Needle—man…………. 9
Red—monde………….. 4
Sleep—resustication…. 4
Anger—uncared……….19
Carpet—foreign………15
Girl—celt…………..19
High—wine…………..10
Working—prayer………19
Sour—flower…………10
Earth—tariff………..19
Trouble—ledger………19
Soldier—work………..
Cabbage—ancient……..19
Hard—provender………19
Eagle—school………..19
Stomach—bowels………
Stem—tide…………..
Lamp—scientific……..19
Dream—somno………….4
Yellow—pain…………19
Bread—populous………19
Justice—thwart………19
Boy—globe…………..19
Light—female………..13
Health—linen………..19
Bible—divine………..17
Memory—current………19
Sheep—water…………
Bath—rain…………..18
Cottage—journal……..19
Swift—yacht…………17
Blue—novel………….19
Hungry—viand……….. 2
Priest—pedestrian……15
Ocean—commotion……..10
Head—sugar………….19
Stove—writer………..19
Long—mingle…………19
Religion—tent……….
Whiskey—copulency…… 4
Child—editor………..19
Bitter—backward……..19
Hammer—youth………..19
Thirsty—salt………..17
City—gentler………..19
Square—angelus………19
Butter—pastry……….17
Doctor—veterinary……17
Loud—muslin…………19
Chief—grocer………..19
Lion—trip…………..19
Joy—penance…………17
Bed—granite…………19
Heavy—note………….19
Tobacco—vanese……… 4
Baby—school…………15
Moon—element………..19
Scissors—elderly…….19
Quiet—trinity……….19
Green—commissioner…..19
Salt—strength……….19
Street—voyager………19
King—sorrow…………19
Cheese—holiday………19
Blossom—parks……….19
Afraid—stamina………17

CASE No. 667.—C.L. Pronounced stereotypy. Following note on test record: "Many attempts were made to secure a reaction other than 'cat,' but usually without success; the reaction cold—warm was given spontaneously and with apparent interest; most reactions were given only in response to much urging, or else mechanically, without attention."

Table—cat………… 6
Dark—rat………….18
Music—shoe………..19
Sickness—cat……… 6
Man—boy…………..
Deep—cat…………. 6
Soft—hat………….19
Eating—cat……….. 6
Mountain—hit………19
House—gold………..19
Black—woman………. 9
Mutton—get………..19
Comfort—cousin…….19
Hand—Jesus………..19
Short—hat…………15
Fruit—hand………..16
Butterfly—going……19
Smooth—hat………..15
Command—boy……….
Chair—hat…………15
Sweet—cat………… 6
Whistle—boy……….
Woman—cat…………
Cold—warm…………
Slow—button……….19
Wish—cat…………. 6
River—cat………… 5
White—rat…………15
Beautiful—good……. 1
Window—wheel………19
Rough—good……….. 9
Citizen—candy……..19
Foot—cat…………. 6
Spider—dog………..19
Needle—cat……….. 6
Red—button………..15
Sleep—cat………… 6
Anger—go………….15
Carpet—cat……….. 6
Girl—in…………..12
High—little……….19
Working—cold………19
Sour—cat…………. 6
Earth—tag…………19
Trouble—cat………. 6
Soldier—cat………. 5
Cabbage—cat………. 5
Hard—cat…………. 5
Eagle—cat………… 5
Stomach—cat……….
Stem—hat………….15
Lamp—cat…………. 6
Dream—cat………… 5
Yellow—cat………..
Bread—cat………… 5
Justice—cat………. 5
Boy—cat………….. 5
Light—cat………… 5
Health—cat……….. 5
Bible—cat………… 5
Memory—cat……….. 5
Sheep—cat………… 5
Bath—cat…………. 5
Cottage—cat………. 5
Swift—cat…………
Blue—cat…………. 5
Hungry—cat……….. 5
Priest—cat……….. 5
Ocean—cat………… 5
Head—cat…………. 5
Stove—cat………… 5
Long—cat…………. 5
Religion—cat……… 5
Whiskey—cat………. 5
Child—cat………… 5
Bitter—cat……….. 5
Hammer—cat……….. 5
Thirsty—cat………. 5
City—cat…………. 5
Square—cat……….. 5
Butter—cat……….. 5
Doctor—cat……….. 5
Loud—cat…………. 5
Thief—cat………… 5
Lion—cat………….
Joy—cat………….. 5
Bed—cat………….. 5
Heavy—cat………… 5
Tobacco—cat………. 5
Baby—cat…………. 5
Moon—cat…………. 5
Scissors—cat……… 5
Quiet—cat………… 5
Green—cat………… 5
Salt—cat…………. 5
Street—cat……….. 5
King—cat…………. 5
Cheese—cat……….. 5
Blossom—cat………. 5
Afraid—cat………..

CASE No. 6006.—E.T.S. Stereotypy

Table—eat…………
Dark—unkindness……19
Music—beautiful…… 1
Sickness—suffering…
Man—good…………. 1
Deep—unkindness……15
Soft—unkindness…… 5
Eating—digesting…..

Mountain—low………
House—small………. 1
Black—darkness…….
Mutton—good………. 1
Comfort—home………
Hand—useful………. 1
Short—useful……… 5
Fruit—healthy……..
Butterfly—beautiful.. 1
Smooth—unkindness….15
Command—great…….. 9
Chair—useful……… 1
Sweet—healthy……..15
Whistle—beautiful…. 6
Woman—good……….. 1
Cold—unhealthy…….19
Slow—good………… 6
Wish—always……….12
River—needed……… 6
White—pretty……… 1

Beautiful—trees……
Window—needed…….. 6
Rough—unneeded……. 4
Citizen—needed……. 6
Foot—needed………. 2
Spider—needed…….. 5
Needle—needed…….. 5
Red—beautiful…….. 2
Sleep—beautiful…… 1
Anger—needed……… 6
Carpet—needed…….. 5
Girl—needed………. 5
High—height……….
Working—needed……. 6
Sour—needed………. 5
Earth—needed……… 5
Trouble—trust……..10
Soldier—needed……. 6
Cabbage—needed……. 5
Hard—trouble………
Eagle—beautiful…… 6
Stomach—trouble……
Stem—shoot………..10
Lamp—light………..
Dream—pleasant……. 1
Yellow—pretty…….. 1
Bread—good……….. 1
Justice—needed……. 6
Boy—needed……….. 5
Light—Pretty……… 6
Health—needed……..
Bible—needed……… 5
Memory—needed…….. 2
Sheep—needed……… 5
Bath—needed………. 5
Cottage—needed……. 5
Swift—needed……… 5
Blue—pretty………. 1
Hungry—food……….
Priest—Father……..

Ocean—fresh……….19
Head—unhealthy…….15
Stove—warmth………
Long—length……….
Religion—needed…… 2
Whiskey—needed……. 5
Child—needed………
Bitter—needed…….. 5
Hammer—needed…….. 5
Thirsty—water……..
City—pretty………. 6
Square—honest……..
Butter—good………. 1
Doctor—needed……..
Loud—needed………. 5
Thieft—trust………
Lion—love…………19
Joy—laughter………
Bed—comfortable……
Heavy—sleepiness….. 2
Tobacco—needed……. 6
Baby—needed………. 5
Moon—needed………. 5
Scissors—needed…… 5
Quiet—pleasure……. 1
Green—me………….18
Salt—needed……….
Street—needed…….. 5
King—needed………. 5
Cheese—needed…….. 5
Blossom—needed……. 5
Afraid—nervous…….

CASE No. 2292.—C.M. Perseveration: numerous instances of association to preceding reaction; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—tree………..19
Dark—night………..
Music—instrument…..
Sickness—smoke…….19
Man—woman………… 1
Deep—water………..
Soft—tide…………18
Eating—potato……..
Mountain—milk……..13
House—clay………..17
Black—polish………17
Mutton—goat……….
Comfort—cream……..10
Hand—hay………….19
Short—meat………..19
Fruit—pears……….
Butterfly—flower…..
Smooth—smell………10
Command—drink……..19
Chair—wine………..18
Sweet—honey……….
Whistle—wind………
Woman—whiskey……..19

Cold—fire…………
Slow—speed………..
Wish—go…………..
River—boat………..
White—stem………..13
Beautiful—cloak……17
Window—drift………19
Rough—storm……….
Citizen—citron…….10
Foot—feed…………19
Spider—web………..
Needle—thread……..
Red—sew…………..13
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—health………13
Carpet—carrots…….10
Girl—eat………….19
High—horse………..19
Working—hay……….15
Sour—cut………….19
Earth—machine……..19
Trouble—repair…….18
Soldier—mow……….19
Cabbage—plant……..
Hard—seed…………18
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—egg……….17
Stem—join…………
Lamp—oil………….
Dream—burn………..13
Yellow—gas………..18
Bread—flour……….
Justices—drink…….19
Boy—girl………….
Light—man………… 9
Health—woman……… 1
Bible—baby………..10
Memory—want……….19
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—hay……….15
Swift—corn………..18
Blue—eat………….18
Hungry—ham………..17
Priest—pickle……..18
Ocean—turnip………18
Head—hair…………
Stove—coal………..
Long—wood…………13
Religion—lemon…….10
Whiskey—wheat……..17
Child—rye…………18
Bitter—medicine……
Hammer—nail……….
Thirsty—beer………
City—cake…………19
Square—pie………..18
Butter—cream………
Doctor—herb……….19
Loud—duck…………19
Thief—feathers…….18
Lion—animal……….
Joy—peace…………
Bed—sleep…………
Heavy—rest………..13
Tobacco—chew………
Baby—chair………..19
Moon—sun………….
Scissors—cut………
Quiet—hair………..18
Green—grapes………
Salt—bag………….19
Street—stone………
King—cement……….18
Cheese—money………19
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—fast……….19

CASE No. 17880.—E.D. Numerous repetitions of reactions previously given; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent; neologisms.

Table—eating………
Dark—night………..
Music—piano……….
Sickness—stoppery…. 4
Man—manly…………
Deep—knowing……… 6
Soft—undoable…….. 4
Eating—oblong……..19
Mountain—guide…….19
House—residing……. 2
Black—dress……….
Mutton—aiding……..19
Comfort—escorted….. 6
Hand—escorted…….. 5
Short—unescorted…..18
Fruit—eating………
Butterfly—interfere..19
Smooth—knowing……. 6
Command—unerrorer…. 4
Chair—seated………
Sweet—durable……..19
Whistle—treated……19
Woman—help……….. 2
Cold—stoppery…….. 4
Slow—unknowing……. 4
Wish—treated………15
River—boats……….
White—treasurer……19
Beautiful—form…….
Window—outlook…….
Rough—unescorted…..15
Citizen—residing….. 2
Foot—travel……….
Spider—stoppery…… 4
Needle—clothing…… 2
Red—color…………
Sleep—stoppery……. 4
Anger—unguarded……17
Carpet—residence…..15
Girl—help………… 6
High—escorted…….. 6
Working—man………. 1
Sour—form…………15
Earth—platformer….. 4
Trouble—unguarded….15
Soldier—sentinel….. 2
Cabbage—dinners…… 2
Hard—escorted…….. 6
Eagle—newspaper……17
Stomach—health…….
Stem—winding………
Lamp—reading………
Dream—guarded……..19
Yellow—aged……….19
Bread—knowing…….. 6
Justice—bar……….17
Boy—help…………. 6
Light—advice………19
Health—doableness…. 4
Bible—church………
Memory—knowing……. 2
Sheep—aided……….15
Bath—stoppery…….. 4
Cottage—seashore…..
Swift—business…….17
Blue—help………… 6
Hungry—unadded……. 4
Priest—Rome……….19
Ocean—help……….. 6
Head—knowing……… 2
Stove—cooking……..
Long—bank…………19
Religion—church……
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—help……….. 6
Bitter—error………16
Hammer—builder……. 2
Thirsty—drink……..
City—building……..
Square—unerrorer….. 4
Butter—eating……..
Doctor—destroyer…..10
Loud—notoriety…….17
Thief—error……….15
Lion—lord…………19
Joy—escorted……… 6
Bed—unescorted…….15
Heavy—unescorted….. 5
Tobacco—chewing……
Baby—help………… 6
Moon—knowing……… 6
Scissors—tailor……
Quiet—form………..15
Green—moneyed……..19
Salt—eating……….
Street—city……….
King—adds…………19
Cheese—eating……..
Blossom—escorted….. 6
Afraid—unguarded…..15

CASE No. 6065.—A.F. Unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent; perseveration: instances of association to preceding reaction and to preceding stimulus.

Table—stove……….19
Dark—clear………..19
Music—calm………..19
Sickness—exact…….19
Man—particular…….18
Deep—personal……..18
Soft—frank………..19
Eating—determined….19
Mountain—idea……..19
House—street………
Black—water……….
Mutton—ground……..19
Comfort—country……18
Hand—fire…………19
Short—straight…….10
Fruit—flowers……..
Butterfly—horn…….19
Smooth—farm……….19
Command—forbidden…. 2
Chair—bed…………
Sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—noise……..
Woman—boy…………
Cold—house………..13
Slow—store………..14
Wish—work…………19
River—sound……….17
White—blue………..
Beautiful—fair…….
Window—door……….
Rough—glass……….13
Citizen—dress……..19
Foot—exact………..15
Spider—fly………..
Needle—pins……….
Red—person……….. 9
Sleep—nervous……..17
Anger—determined…..15
Carpet—floor………
Girl—man…………. 1
High—fruit………..19
Working—wear………10
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—early……….10
Trouble—state……..19
Soldier—girl………18
Cabbage—woman…….. 9
Hard—heart………..
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—friend…….19
Stem—tree…………
Lamp—couch………..19
Dream—desk………..19
Yellow—table………
Bread—chair……….14
Justice—truth……..
Boy—honor…………13
Light—tails……….19
Health—care……….
Bible—book………..
Memory—remembrance…
Sheep—free………..19
Bath—court………..19
Cottage—pitcher……19
Swift—strong………
Blue—delicate……..18
Hungry—bread………
Priest—church……..
Ocean—ship………..
Head—height………. 2
Stove—people……… 9
Long—heart………..15
Religion—Catholic….
Whiskey—Brooklyn…..19
Child—New York…….18
Bitter—frost………19
Hammer—summer……..10
Thirsty—fall………18
City—autumn……….18
Square—winter……..18
Butter—daily………19
Doctor—midnight……19
Loud—forenoon……..18
Thief—afternoon……18
Lion—evening………18
Joy—sorrow………..
Bed—obstinate……..19
Heavy—indifferent….19
Tobacco—pipe………
Baby—mother……….
Moon—daughter……..18
Scissors—son………18
Quiet—sister………18
Queen—brother……..18
Salt—forward………19
Street—proper……..19
King—vulgar……….18
Cheese—personal……15
Blossom—tree………
Afraid—fear……….

CASE No. 17188.—G.B. Sound reactions; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent

Table—tablet………10
Dark—dot………….10
Music—Lizzie………19
Sickness—Josh……..17
Man—McMahon……….10
Deep—deaf (deef)…..10
Soft—sulphur………10
Eating—itching…….10
Mountain—mouth…….10
House—horse……….10
Black—back………..10
Mutton—button……..10
Comfort—community….10
Hand—hat………….10
Short—shore……….10
Fruit—Freehoff…….10
Butterfly—busty…… 3
Smooth—small……… 1
Command—Cummings…..10
Chair—cherries…….10
Sweet—sweeten…….. 8
Whistle—Walters……19
Woman—wayman………10
Cold—laboratory……19
Slow—slaw…………10
Wish—wishbone……..
River—Ontario……..17
White—William……..19
Beautiful—bureau…..10
Window—Weldon……..10
Rough—saw…………17
Citizen—Sendow…….17
Foot—hoof…………17
Spider—web………..
Needle—shoe……….19
Red—book………….
Sleep—sitting……..19
Anger—Freeman……..19
Carpet—longing…….19
Girl—gone…………19
High—law………….19
Working—back………15
Sour—clock………..19
Earth—flower………
Trouble—sensibility..17
Soldier—sodder…….10
Cabbage—Cabot……..10
Hard—done………… 2
Eagle—time………..19
Stomach—mat……….19
Stem—water………..
Lamp—florist………19
Dream—Conners……..19
Yellow—flower……..
Bread—water……….
Justice—Gaynor…….17
Boy—passion……….19
Light—life………..
Health—wealth……..
Bible—gone………..15
Memory—Hans……….19
Sheep—pasture……..
Bath—Rogan………..19
Cottage—house……..
Swift—swim………..10
Blue—Thompson……..19
Hungry—memory……..18
Priest—golden……..18
Green—hat…………15
Head—broom………..19
Stove—fan…………19
Long—time…………
Religion—Yukon…….19
Whiskey—Freeman……15
Child—Hopkins……..17
Bitter—brown………19
Hammer—hands………19
Thirsty—thirty…….10
City—sure…………19
Square—squire……..10
Butter—Tam O'Shanter.10
Doctor—Dorsan……..10
Loud—law………….15
Thief—child……….19
Lion—dirty………..19
Joy—commerce………19
Bed—strike………..19
Heavy—Walden………19
Tobacco—Alice……..19
Baby—water………..15
Moon—handsome……..19
Scissors—comet…….19
Quiet—tiger……….19
Green—tree………..
Salt—salary……….10
Street—prunes……..19
King—kind…………19
Cheese—handsome……15
Blossom—pretty……. 1
Afraid—Africa……..10

CASE No. 6238.—M.H. Sound reactions; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—token……….19
Dark—dye………….17
Music—meat………..10
Sickness—sorrow……
Man—mother………..17
Jeep—dark…………
Soft—silk…………
Eating—elephant……19
Mountain—many……..10
House—home………..
Black—brown……….
Mutton—men………..10
Comfort—cat……….10
Hand—hat………….10
Short—shift……….10
Fruit—free………..10
Butterfly—baby…….19
Smooth—soft……….
Command—cat……….10
Chair—comfort……..
Sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—wine………19
Woman—when………..10
Cold—cat………….15
Slow—short………..
Wish—when…………12
River—Rhine……….
White—when………..10
Beautiful—baby…….
Window—wide……….
Rough—red…………19
Citizen—company……19
Foot—feeling………19
Spider—speck………10
Needle—nothing…….18
Red—rose………….
Sleep—should………12
Anger—after……….10
Carpet—cat………..10
Girl—God………….19
High—heaven……….
Working—will……… 2
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—eaten……….14
Trouble—tea……….10
Soldier—sailor…….
Cabbage—cobweb…….19
Hard—haven't………12
Eagle—eaten……….15
Stomach—sat……….10
Stem—should……….12
Lamp—little……….19
Dream—did…………12
Yellow—you………..10
Bread—butter………
Justice—Jesus……..10
Boy—baby………….
Light—love………..14
Health—heaven……..
Bible—bitch……….19
Memory—man……….. 1
Sheep—shepherd…….
Bath—both…………10
Cottage—cat……….10
Swift—said………..19
Blue—bad…………. 9
Hungry—haven't…….12
Priest—Pope……….
Ocean—open………..10
Head—heart………..
Stove—steel……….
Long—little……….15
Religion—right…….
Whiskey—when………12
Child—chimney……..19
Bitter—both……….19
Hammer—heart………15
Thirsty—think…….. 9
City—church……….17
Square—swift………19
Butter—bread………
Doctor—debtor……..10
Loud—loaf…………19
Thief—theatre……..10
Lion—liar…………10
Joy—jam…………..19
Bed—broom…………19
Heavy—hard………..
Tobacco—Tom……….19
Baby—brother………17
Moon—men…………. 2
Scissors—shift…….10
Quiet—quilt……….10
Green—grass……….
Salt—said…………19
Street—Stevens…….10
King—kite…………19
Cheese—cat………..15
Blossom—bad………. 9
Afraid—anger………

CASE No. 12720.—J.B. Unclassified reactions, many of which are probably due to distraction; some stereotypy. Note on test record states: "Influenced by sensory impressions, but gave good attention to each stimulus word. Had some difficulty in limiting his response to one word, but made all possible effort to comply with every request. On one occasion he was asked to react with his eyes closed, but was unable, under the unnatural conditions, to respond with one word."

Table—floor……….
Dark—light………..
Music—shoe………..19
Sickness—well……..
Man—boy…………..
Deep—sea………….
Soft—soap…………
Eating—tea………..17
Mountain—forest……17
House—horse……….10
Black—sill………..19
Mutton—tablecloth….17
Comfort—black……..16
Hand—fingers………
Short—wrist……….13
Fruit—soup………..17
Butterfly—grape……13
Smooth—coat……….
Command—vest………18
Chair—pillow………19
Sweet—brick……….19
Whistle—knuckles…..19
Woman—wall………..19
Cold—eating……….19
Slow—swift………..
Wish—knob…………19
River—pad…………19
White—book………..19
Beautiful—shadow….. 6
Window—stockings…..19
Bough—stand……….19
Citizen—blue………19
Foot—brass………..19
Spider—shoelace……19
Needle—name……….19
Red—sunlight………19
Sleep—flag………..18
Anger—slant……….19
Carpet—rip………..19
Girl—lady…………
High—stripe……….19
Working—steam……..17
Sour—handkerchief….19
Earth—ground………
Trouble—insect…….19
Soldier—army………
Cabbage—sill………15
Hard—washstand…….19
Eagle—blue………..15
Stomach—tap……….19
Stem—sill…………15
Lamp—back…………19
Dream—shadow……… 2
Yellow—blanket…….19
Bread—horizontal…..19
Justice—ink……….19
Boy—taste…………19
Light—yellow………
Health—book……….19
Bible—Joseph………17
Memory—Joe………..18
Sheep—pillow………19
Bath—Mott…………19
Cottage—globe……..19
Swift—continue…….19
Blue—notice……….19
Hungry—Josephine…..19
Priest—sixteen…….12
Ocean—flag………..15
Head—cabbage………
Stove—rivet……….17
Long—floor………..19
Religion—priest……
Whiskey—tin……….19
Child—shadow……… 6
Bitter—black………15
Hammer—buttons…….15
Thirsty—shadow……. 6
City—back…………15
Square—oval……….
Butter—table………
Doctor—doorway…….10
Loud—shadow………. 6
Thief—butter………16
Lion—difference……19
Joy—ink…………..15
Bed—butter………..15
Heavy—shadow……… 6
Tobacco—wood………13
Baby—wall…………15
Moon—lightning…….17
Scissors—book……..15
Quiet—yellow………15
Green—sole………..19
Salt—ink………….15
Street—sides………19
King—stripes………19
Cheese—butter……..
Blossom—trees……..
Afraid—boy………..

CASE No. 5374.—J.F. Perseveration; some stereotypy; sound reactions; unclassified reactions many of which are probably due to distraction. Note on test record states: "Understood what was expected, but could not be induced to give much attention to the stimulus words; sat facing a window, and showed a strong tendency to merely name objects in sight. Reaction time very short, in some cases so short that it is doubtful if he recognized the stimulus word at all."

Table—God…………19
Dark—angel………..18
Music—bird………..
Sickness—woman……. 9
Man—male………….
Deep—dove…………19
Soft—dog………….19
Eating—horse………18
Mountain—mule……..18
House—dog…………
Black—rabbit………18
Mutton—hen………..18
Comfort—dog……….15
Hand—clock………..
Short—myself………
Fruit—post………..19
Butterfly—bricks…..19
Smooth—glass………
Command—sand………10
Chair—leaf………..19
Sweet—wood………..19
Whistle—earth……..19
Woman—grass……….14
Cold—mustard………19
Slow—kale…………19
Wish—lampsquob……. 4
River—ten…………12
White—rock………..17
Beautiful—water……17
Window—scene………
Rough—been………..12
Citizen—house……..13
Foot—stable………. 2
Spider—horse………13
Needle—pin………..
Red—cushion……….18
Sleep—black……….13
Anger—white……….14
Carpet—vingency…… 4
Girl—noodles………19
High—macaroni……..18
Working—tomatoes…..18
Sour—asparagus…….18
Earth—oakry………. 4
Trouble—peas………19
Soldier—beans……..18
Cabbage—greens…….
Hard—cow………….19
Eagle—robin……….
Stomach—hawk………13
Stem—fishes……….19
Lamp—whale………..18
Dream—shark……….18
Yellow—crabs………18
Bread—red…………10
Justice—jam……….19
Boy—be…………… 2
Light—girl………..13
Health—filth………10
Bible—book………..
Memory—bad……….. 1
Sheep—dat………… 4
Bath—oval…………19
Cottage—nurse……..19
Swift—begin……….19
Blue—joy………….19
Hungry—wonder……..10
Priest—apostle…….17
Ocean—preacher…….13
Head—dead…………10
Stove—store……….10
Long—lone…………10
Religion—world…….19
Whiskey—whisper……10
Child—gule……….. 4
Bitter—Rugby………19
Hammer—ball……….18
Thirsty—sun……….19
City—Christ……….10
Square—Jesus………18
Butter—Joe………..19
Doctor—John……….17
Loud—Luke…………18
Thief—St. Matthew….18
Lion—lie………….10
Joy—George………..10
Bed—Beth………….10
Heavy—tither……… 4
Tobacco—iron………13
Baby—blade………..10
Moon—stars………..
Scissors—sun………13
Quiet—wired……….10
Green—mean………..10
Salt—Lou………….19
Street—vault………19
King—sepulchre…….18
Cheese—Presbyterian..19
Blossom—Baptist……18
Afraid—Methodist…..18

CASE No. 1431.—A.L. Sound reactions; particles; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—ammitting…… 4
Dark—cat………….
Music—hello……….12
Sickness—spelling….19
Man—then………….12
Deep—heap…………10
Soft—deep………… 7
Eating—people…….. 1
Mountain—striking….19
House—pat…………19
Black—and…………12
Mutton—it…………12
Comfort—herself……12
Hand—self…………19
Short—length………
Fruit—long………..13
Butterfly—quick……19
Smooth—edges………19
Command—first……..17
Chair—exact……….19
Sweet—nicest……… 2
Whistle—thistle……10
Woman—pins………..19
Cold—waving……….19
Slow—swift………..
Wish—choice……….17
River—never……….10
White—black……….
Beautiful—much…….19
Window—such……….19
Rough—exact……….15
Citizen—just………
Foot—root…………10
Spider—diving……..19
Needle—Hercules……19
Red—green…………
Sleep—deep………..
Anger—grief……….
Carpet—cheap………19
Girl—ink………….19
High—I……………10
Working—loafing……
Sour—hour…………10
Earth—hurt………..10
Trouble—bubble…….10
Soldier—yes……….12
Cabbage—garbage……10
Hard—hitting………17
Eagle—fitting……..19
Stomach—pitting……19
Stem—condemned…….10
Lamp—stamp………..10
Dream—stained……..19
Yellow—purple……..
Bread—pimple………19
Justice—suit………17
Boy—ahoy………….12
Light—night……….
Health—wealth……..
Bible—indeed………12
Memory—remembering…
Sheep—cow…………
Bath—sponge……….
Cottage—people……. 1
Swift—left………..10
Blue—shift………..19
Hungry—property……19
Priest—judge……… 2
Ocean—river……….
Head—sea………….13
Stove—Venus……….19
Long—hog………….19
Religion—pigeon……10
Whiskey—gin……….
Child—thing……….19
Bitter—better……..10
Hammer—happy……… 9
Thirsty—whiskey……17
City—fitting………10
Square—round………
Butter—shut……….10
Doctor—exercise……19
Loud—accounts……..10
Thief—endless……..19
Lion—tiger………..
Joy—fast………….19
Bed—grass…………19
Heavy—heaving……..10
Tobacco—queen……..19
Baby—water………..19
Moon—room…………19
Scissors—pants…….17
Quiet—razor……….13
Green—steel……….18
Salt—sharp………..
Street—fence………19
King—bring………..10
Cheese—eggs……….
Blossom—see……….19
Afraid—awaiting……19

CASE No. 6251.—C.D. Some stereotypy; particles; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—doctor………19
Dark—nigger……….17
Music—violin………
Sickness—whores……19
Man—Mulcane……….17
Deep—deaf…………19
Soft—hearing………18
Eating—pillow……..13
Mountain—sight…….19
House—pure………..19
Black—nigger………
Mutton—plenty…….. 6
Comfort—middle…….19
Hand—left…………17
Short—one…………12
Fruit—up………….12
Butterfly—bird…….
Smooth—never……… 6
Command—commodore….10
Chair—seat………..
Sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—highest……19
Woman—Constance……17
Cold—temperature…..
Slow—walk…………
Wish—wishbone……..
River—love………..19
White—Dr. White……17
Beautiful—pretty….. 1
Window—dove……….19
Rough—fine……….. 1
Citizen—United States
Foot—left…………15
Spider—web………..
Needle—ether………19
Red—pot…………..
Sleep—wake………..
Anger—mad…………
Carpet—pretty…….. 1
Girl—boy………….
High—Heidel……….10
Working—never……..
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—bride……….19
Trouble—mischief…..
Soldier—war……….
Cabbage—head………
Hard—never……….. 6
Eagle—fly…………
Stomach—go………..19
Stem—study………..10
Lamp—light………..
Dream—behave………19
Yellow—false………19
Bread—plenty……… 6
Justice—just………
Boy—come………….19
Light—Davie……….19
Health—wealth……..
Bible—Constance……15
Memory—fine………. 1
Sheep—plenty……… 6
Bath—bother……….10
Cottage—mansion……
Swift—hurry……….
Blue—flowers……… 2
Hungry—never………
Priest—highest……. 2
Ocean—land………..
Head—millionaire…..19
Stove—twenty-five….12
Long—thirty-four…..12
Religion—churches….
Whiskey—plenty……. 6
Child—baby………..
Bitter—sorrow……..
Hammer—court………19
Thirsty—blood……..11
City—this…………12
Square—I………….12
Butter—plenty…….. 6
Doctor—millionaire…15
Loud—tell…………17
Thief—rich………..19
Lion—west…………19
Joy—ever………….12
Bed—Constance……..15
Heavy—fine……….. 9
Tobacco—back………10
Baby—millionaire…..15
Moon—always……….12
Scissors—large……. 9
Quiet—stay………..19
Green—flowers……..
Salt—perfume………18
Street—floor………19
King—Haaken……….19
Cheese—kiss……….19
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—never………

CASE No. 17607.—P.D. Test record somewhat approaching the normal: 24 individual reactions, of which 16 are unclassified, mostly "far fetched" and not strictly incoherent. Patient is a well-marked case of dementia præcox but only moderately deteriorated; works well at the hospital.

Table—oak…………..
Dark—brown………….
Music—falsetto………17
Sickness—typhoid…….
Man—gender………….19
Deep—feet…………..19
Soft—feeling………..
Eating—partaking…….19
Mountain—hunter……..19
House—dwelling………
Black—color…………
Mutton—sheep………..
Comfort—coziness……. 2
Hand—anatomy………..
Short—stature……….
Fruit—apples………..
Butterfly—insect…….
Smooth—plain………..
Command—order……….
Chair—furniture……..
Sweet—sugar…………
Whistle—steam……….
Woman—sex…………..
Cold—degree…………
Slow—speedless………
Wish—expression……..
River—Amazon………..
White—pulp………….17
Beautiful—description..
Window—opaque……….19
Rough—uncouth……….
Citizen—qualification..19
Foot—anatomy………..
Spider—bug………….
Needle—steel………..
Red—color…………..
Sleep—slumber……….
Anger—aroused……….
Carpet—texture……… 2
Girl—female…………
High—up…………….
Working—doing……….
Sour—lemon………….
Earth—dirt………….
Trouble—distress…….
Soldier—uniform……..
Cabbage—crop………..19
Hard—metal………….
Eagle—bird………….
Stomach—anatomy……..
Stem—pipe…………..
Lamp—glass………….
Dream—atmosphere…….19
Yellow—color………..
Bread—flour…………
Justice—equality…….
Boy—male……………
Light—sun…………..
Health—color………..
Bible—nonsense………19
Memory—retentiveness… 2
Sheep—quadruped……..
Bath—water………….
Cottage—stories……..19
Swift—speed…………
Blue—navy…………..
Hungry—appetite……..
Priest—uniform………15
Ocean—Atlantic………
Head—stature………..15
Stove—iron………….
Long—inches…………17
Religion—creed………
Whiskey—hops………..
Child—neuter………..19
Bitter—horehound…….17
Hammer—steel………..
Thirsty—degree………15
City—population……..
Square—sides………..
Butter—cream………..
Doctor—physician…….
Loud—noise………….
Thief—characterization.19
Lion—menagerie………
Joy—openness………..19
Bed—furniture……….
Heavy—weight………..
Tobacco—plant……….
Baby—egg……………19
Moon—astronomy………
Scissors—blades……..
Quiet—noiseless……..
Green—Paris…………11
Salt—crystal………..17
Street—lane…………
King—usurper………..19
Cheese—milk…………
Blossom—bud…………
Afraid—scared……….

CASE No. 5537.—J.H. Test record approaching the normal: 21 individual reactions, 8 classed as normal, 1 non-specific, 12 unclassified, mostly "far fetched" but not strictly incoherent. Well-marked dementia præcox, but of recent origin and but slight deterioration.

Table—eat…………
Dark—night………..
Music—pleasure……. 1
Sickness—suffering…
Man—farmer………..17
Deep—low………….
Soft—hard…………
Eating—life……….
Mountain—earth…….
House—dwelling…….
Black—color……….
Mutton—food……….
Comfort—rest………
Hand—limb…………
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—nourishing…..
Butterfly—flower…..

Smooth—straight……
Command—obey………
Chair—furniture……
Sweet—palate……… 8
Whistle—noise……..
Woman—marriage…….
Cold—indisposed……17
Slow—weary………..19
Wish—work………… 9
River—tug…………
White—sheets……… 2
Beautiful—rare…….19
Window—ventilation…
Rough—uneven………
Citizen—public…….17
Foot—walk…………
Spider—web………..
Needle—sew………..
Red—marine……….. 1
Sleep—repose………
Anger—assault……..17
Carpet—cloth………
Girl—sister……….
High—above………..
Working—labor……..
Sour—bitter……….
Earth—farm………..
Trouble—fight……..
Soldier—duty………
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—stone………..
Eagle—large………. 1
Stomach—body………
Stem—leaf…………
Lamp—light………..
Dream—unconsciousness
Yellow—flag……….
Bread—hunger………
Justice—freedom……
Boy—school………..
Light—electricity….
Health—business……19
Bible—religion…….
Memory—brain………
Sheep—pasture……..
Bath—clean………..
Cottage—property…..17
Swift—current……..
Blue—uniform………17
Hungry—appetite……
Priest—church……..
Ocean—commerce…….19
Head—thought……… 1
Stove—iron………..
Long—distance……..
Religion—belief……
Whiskey—alcohol……
Child—parent………
Bitter—taste………
Hammer—trade………19
Thirsty—beverage…..
City—position……..19
Square—block………
Butter—yellow……..
Doctor—profession….
Loud—fiddle……….17
Thief—police………
Lion—Africa……….
Joy—sensation……..
Bed—rest………….
Heavy—burden………
Tobacco—store……..19
Baby—care…………
Moon—atmosphere……
Scissors—dressmaker..
Quiet—lonesome…….
Green—color……….
Salt—house………..19
Street—neighborhood..17
King—beast………..19
Cheese—merchant……19
Blossom—flowers……
Afraid—train………10

CASE No. 6190.—L.L. Test record not distinguishable from normal.
Case of recent onset, with little, if any deterioration.

Table—chair……….
Dark—light………..
Music—note………..
Sickness—health……
Man—woman………… 1
Deep—shallow………
Soft—hard…………
Eating—breakfast…..
Mountain—rock……..
House—chimney……..
Black—white……….
Mutton—animal……..
Comfort—chair……..
Hand—foot…………
Short—long………..
Fruit—ripe………..
Butterfly—fields…..
Smooth—hard……….
Command—army………
Chair—straw……….19
Sweet—bitter………
Whistle—engine…….
Woman—man………… 1
Cold—hot………….
Slow—fast…………
Wish—desire……….
River—brook……….
White—black……….
Beautiful—girl…….
Window—glass………
Rough—smooth………
Citizen—city………
Foot—ankle………..
Spider—web………..
Needle—cotton……..
Red—brick…………
Sleep—night……….
Anger—joy…………
Carpet—cloth………
Girl—mouth………..17
High—low………….
Working—idle………
Sour—vinegar………
Earth—round……….
Trouble—sickness…..
Soldier—gun……….
Cabbage—garden…….
Hard—rock…………
Eagle—fly…………
Stomach—man………. 1
Stem—watch………..
Lamp—oil………….
Dream—sleep……….
Yellow—sunflower…..
Bread—butter………
Justice—peace……..
Boy—girl………….
Light—window………
Health—man……….. 1
Bible—God…………
Memory—mind……….
Sheep—pasture……..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—trees……..
Swift—engine………
Blue—sky………….
Hungry—bread………
Priest—church……..
Ocean—ships……….
Head—mind…………
Stove—chimney……..
Long—wind…………19
Religion—God………
Whiskey—alcohol……
Child—mother………
Bitter—fruit………
Hammer—nails………
Thirsty—water……..
City—cars…………
Square—angles……..
Butter—cow………..
Doctor—sickness……
Loud—noise………..
Thief—sinner……… 2
Lion—jungle……….
Joy—gladness………
Bed—pillow………..
Heavy—iron………..
Tobacco—leaf………
Baby—mother……….
Moon—stars………..
Scissors—thread……
Quiet—room………..
Green—grass……….
Salt—ocean………..
Street—men………..15
King—queen………..
Cheese—butter……..
Blossom—bud……….
Afraid—coward……..

CASE No. 1278.—B.B. Test record not distinguishable from normal. Case of several years standing, but showing almost complete remission of all symptoms.

Table—chair……….
Dark—day………….
Music—instrument…..
Sickness—health……
Man—woman………… 1
Deep—thoughts…….. 1
Soft—apple………..
Eating—food……….
Mountain—rock……..
House—building…….
Black—dark………..
Mutton—meat……….
Comfort—home………
Hand—from…………12
Short—stout……….
Fruit—eating………
Butterfly—bird…….
Smooth—glossy……..
Command—general……
Chair—floor……….
Sweet—taste……….
Whistle—tune………
Woman—man………… 1
Cold—chilly……….
Slow—fast…………
Wish—something…….
River—water……….
White—black……….
Beautiful—pretty…..
Window—pane……….
Rough—ugly………..
Citizen—papers…….
Foot—shoe…………
Spider—bug………..
Needle—thread……..
Red—white…………
Sleep—slumber……..
Anger—kindness…….
Carpet—mat………..
Girl—boy………….
High—short………..
Working—idle………
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—land………..
Trouble—sorrow…….
Soldier—hero………
Cabbage—turnip…….
Hard—soft…………
Eagle—owl…………
Stomach—head………
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—cover………..19
Dream—sleep……….
Yellow—brown………
Bread—biscuit……..
Justice—peaceful….. 2
Boy—girl………….
Light—dark………..
Health—well……….
Bible—book………..
Memory—lost………. 2
Sheep—animal………
Bath—wash…………
Cottage—house……..
Swift—movements…… 2
Blue—red………….
Hungry—thirst……..
Priest—minister……
Ocean—sea…………
Head—body…………
Stove—iron………..
Long—length……….
Religion—too………12
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—baby………..
Bitter—taste………
Hammer—nails………
Thirsty—drink……..
City—town…………
Square—man……….. 1
Butter—bread………
Doctor—patient…….
Loud—howl…………17
Thief—steal……….
Lion—bear…………
Joy—happiness…….. 1
Bed—blanket……….
Heavy—weight………
Tobacco—smoke……..
Baby—cradle……….
Moon—sun………….
Scissors—thimble…..
Quiet—stillness……
Green—plaid……….17
Salt—pepper……….
Street—sidewalk……
King—queen………..
Cheese—crackers……
Blossom—leaf………
Afraid—frightened….

PARANOIC CONDITIONS.

The clinical group of psychoses included under the designation paranoic conditions is far from being homogeneous. We have here cases that are more or less closely allied to the paranoid form of dementia præcox, other cases that are apparently dependent upon involutional changes (Kraepelin's praeseniler Beeinträchtigungswah), still other cases that are characterized by absence or at least delay of mental deterioration, etc.

In some of these cases disturbance of the flow of utterance is not observed, and the test records obtained from them present no striking abnormalities. Distinctly pathological records are obtained mainly from those cases which clinically resemble dementia præcox; in these records the nature of the pathological reactions would seem to indicate that the diagnosis of dementia præcox would be more justifiable than that of paranoic condition.

The following test records will serve to illustrate the types of reactions met with in this group of psychoses:

CASE No. 3039.—F.A. Normal record.

Table—purpose……..19
Dark—obscure………
Music—pleasant……. 1
Sickness—confinement.17
Man—twenty-one…….12
Deep—down…………
Soft—smooth……….
Eating—nourishment…
Mountain—high……..
House—living………
Black—dark………..
Mutton—eating……..
Comfort—pleasant….. 1
Hand—limb…………
Short—low…………
Fruit—eat…………
Butterfly—miller…..
Smooth—soft……….
Command—obey………
Chair—sitting……..
Sweet—tasting……..
Whistle—noise……..
Woman—female………
Cold—unpleasant…… 1
Slow—easy…………
Wish—want…………
River—water……….
White—colorless……
Beautiful—handsome…
Window—glass………
Rough—unpleasant….. 1
Citizen—vote………
Foot—limb…………
Spider—insect……..
Needle—sewing……..
Red—color…………
Sleep—bed…………
Anger—cross……….
Carpet—floor………
Girl—young………..
High—up…………..
Working—labor……..
Sour—unpleasant…… 1
Earth—dirt………..
Trouble—worriment….
Soldier—fight……..
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—tough………..
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—anatomy……

Stem—growth……….
Lamp—burn…………
Dream—restlessness…
Yellow—color………
Bread—eat…………
Justice—right……..
Boy—young…………
Light—see…………
Health—well……….
Bible—religion…….
Memory—thoughtful….
Sheep—animal………
Bath—wash…………
Cottage—house……..
Swift—fast………..
Blue—color………..
Hungry—appetite……
Priest—Christian…..17
Ocean—large……….
Head—trunk………..
Stove—fire………..
Long—distance……..
Religion—Christianity
Whiskey—drinkable….
Child—young……….
Bitter—bad………..
Hammer—knock………
Thirsty—dry……….
City—government……
Square—block………
Butter—eat………..
Doctor—cure……….
Loud—noisy………..
Thief—steal……….
Lion—animal……….
Joy—pleasant………
Bed—laying………..
Heavy—weighty……..
Tobacco—smoking……
Baby—new-born……..
Moon—planet……….
Scissors—cutting…..
Quiet—easy………..
Green—color……….
Salt—preservative….
Street—lane……….
King—monarch………
Cheese—eatable…….
Blossom—budding……
Afraid—fear……….

CASE No. 5803.—D.E.D. Slight tendency to give sound reactions.

Table—tree………..19
Dark—bright……….
Music—song………..
Sickness—health……
Man—woman………… 1
Deep—shallow………
Soft—hard…………
Eating—digesting…..
Mountain—hill……..
House—horse……….10
Black—red…………
Mutton—tallow……..
Comfort—wealth…….
Hand—arm………….
Short—long………..
Fruit—plate……….17
Butterfly—net……..
Smooth—surface…….
Command—obey………
Chair—table……….
Sweet—sour………..
Whistle—call………
Woman—lady………..
Cold—lukewarm……..19
Slow—not………….12
Wish—receive………
River—lake………..
White—black……….
Beautiful—graceful…
Window—door……….
Rough—smooth………
Citizen—city………
Foot—leg………….
Spider—soap……….10
Needle—pin………..
Red—yellow………..
Sleep—slumber……..
Anger—amiable……..
Carpet—mat………..
Girl—boy………….
High—hill…………
Working—playing……
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—land………..
Trouble—tranquillity.10
Soldier—boy……….
Cabbage—plant……..
Hard—easy…………
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—bowels…….
Stem—head…………
Lamp—chimney………
Dream—myth………..17
Yellow—blue……….
Bread—biscuit……..
Justice—balance……17
Boy—girl………….
Light—gray………..17
Health—wealth……..
Bible—prayerbook…..
Memory—understanding.
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—swim…………
Cottage—house……..
Swift—slow………..
Blue—yellow……….
Hungry—eat………..
Priest—bishop……..
Ocean—river……….
Head—neck…………
Stove—covers………
Long—short………..
Religion—optional….
Whiskey—wine………
Child—baby………..
Bitter—sweet………
Hammer—gimlet……..
Thirsty—drink……..
City—town…………
Square—compass…….
Butter—butterfly…..
Doctor—lawyer……..
Loud—lord…………
Thief—beggar………
Lion—lioness………
Joy—sorrow………..
Bed—couch…………
Heavy—light……….
Tobacco—cigarette….
Baby—child………..
Moon—stars………..
Scissors—knife…….
Quiet—quilt……….
Green—envy………..
Salt—sewing……….
Street—lane……….
King—queen………..
Cheese—cracker…….
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—courageous….

CASE No. 2133.—M.F. Unclassified reactions, mostly "far fetched" or incoherent; perseveration.

Table—eat…………
Dark—night………..
Music—sing………..
Sickness—sadness…..
Man—home………….
Deep—light………..
Soft—sleep………..13
Eating—drink………
Mountain—hills…….
House—home………..
Black—stove……….17
Mutton—lamb……….
Comfort—pleasure….. 1
Hand—write………..
Short—short-cake…..10
Fruit—grapes………
Butterfly—butter…..
Smooth—ironing…….
Command—correct……19
Chair—see…………19
Sweet—apples………
Whistle—happiness…. 1
Woman—girl………..
Cold—warm…………
Slow—fast…………
Wish—like…………
River—water……….
White—blue………..
Beautiful—red……..13
Window—light………
Rough—easy………..
Citizen—spring…….19
Foot—run………….
Spider—fly………..
Needle—Carrie……..19
Red—pink………….
Sleep—awake……….
Anger—jolly……….19
Carpet—curtains……
Girl—yellow……….19
High—green………..14
Working—bed……….19
Sour—dishes……….19
Earth—grapes………13
Trouble—work……… 1
Soldier—sing………15
Cabbage—potatoes…..
Hard—sewing……….17
Eagle—daisy……….19
Stomach—flowers……18
Stem—vine…………
Lamp—flatiron……..19
Dream—sleep……….
Yellow—awake………13
Bread—children…….
Justice—dresses……14
Boy—mother………..
Light—dark………..
Health—wealth……..
Bible—commands……. 2
Memory—black………13
Sheep—chickens…….17
Bath—carpet……….19
Cottage—worsted……14
Swift—silk………..18
Blue—cotton……….18
Hungry—chair………19
Priest—church……..
Ocean—spring………15
Head—canary……….19
Stove—board……….
Long—dishes……….18
Religion—piano…….19
Whiskey—home………15
Child—baby………..
Bitter—shoes………19
Hammer—tacks………
Thirsty—longing……
City—Flushing……..17
Square—store………10
Butter—butcher…….10
Doctor—hat………..19
Loud—chair………..15
Thief—picture……..19
Lion—house………..13
Joy—gladness………
Bed—sleep…………
Heavy—sick……….. 2
Tobacco—album……..19
Baby—basket……….17
Moon—stars………..
Scissors—knife…….
Quiet—spoon……….18
Green—scar………..19
Salt—pepper……….
Street—sugar………18
King—blacking……..19
Cheese—meat……….
Blossom—flowers……
Afraid—red………..18

CASE No. 4569.—L.K. Marked stereotypy; unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—fruit……….17
Dark—light………..
Music—pleasure……. 1
Sickness—illness…..
Man—parent……….. 6
Deep—verse………..19
Soft—fruit………..
Eating—illness…….15
Mountain—parent…… 6
House—privilege……19
Black—colors……… 2
Mutton—parent…….. 6
Comfort—family…….18
Hand—comfort……… 7
Short—parent……… 6
Fruit—parent……… 5
Butterfly—insect…..
Smooth—surface…….
Command—privilege….15
Chair—house……….
Sweet—dairy……….19
Whistle—nature…….19
Woman—parent……… 6
Cold—house……….. 6
Slow—light………..15
Wish—desire……….
River—house………. 6
White—suspicion……19
Beautiful—house…… 6
Window—light………
Rough—surface……..
Citizen—parent……. 6
Foot—house………..
Spider—insect……..
Needle—house……… 6
Red—colors………..
Sleep—God………… 6
Anger—God………… 5
Carpet—house………
Girl—God…………. 6
High—house………..
Working—parent……. 6
Sour—desire……….15
Earth—God………… 6
Trouble—God………. 5
Soldier—house…….. 6
Cabbage—desire…….15
Hard—vegetable…….
Eagle—animal………
Stomach—doctor…….
Stem—growth……….
Lamp—house………..
Dream—God………… 6
Yellow—color………
Bread—God………… 6
Justice—fright…….19
Boy—parent……….. 6
Light—God………… 6
Health—God……….. 5
Bible—teachings……
Memory—teaching…… 2
Sheep—God………… 6
Bath—cleanness…….
Cottage—home………
Swift—fear………..19
Blue—color………..
Hungry—appetite……
Priest—servant…….
Ocean—God………… 6
Head—servant……… 6
Stove—house……….
Long—God…………. 6
Religion—servant….. 6
Whiskey—doctor…….15
Child—house………. 6
Bitter—taste………
Hammer—household…..19
Thirsty—drink……..
City—God…………. 6
Square—touch………19
Butter—taste………
Doctor—servant……. 6
Loud—thought……… 9
Thief—slave……….19
Lion—animal……….
Joy—pleasure……… 1
Bed—household……..15
Heavy—weight………
Tobacco—doctor…….15
Baby—care…………
Moon—heavens………
Scissors—household…15
Quiet—nerve……….19
Green—substance……19
Salt—taste………..
Street—heavens…….15
King—servant……… 6
Cheese—taste………
Blossom—sight……..
Afraid—fear……….

CASE No. 6164.—L.E. Remarkably persistent tendency to give sound reactions; numerous sound neologisms; no reactions given in response to some of the stimulus words on the ground that she had "no word to match."

Table—witchhazel…..10
Dark—frog…………19
Music—lessons…….. 2
Sickness—badness….. 2
Man—wife………….
Deep—seef………… 4
Soft—shoft……….. 3
Eating—feeding…….
Mountain—sounding….10
House—shmouse…….. 3
Black—fake………..19
Mutton—shutton……. 3
Comfort—somfort…… 3
Hand—land…………10
Short—court……….10
Fruit—shrewd………10
Butterfly—shuddergy.. 3
Smooth—slude……… 3
Command—noman…….. 3
Chair—sash………..19
Sweet—leaf………..19
Whistle—noshissel…. 3
Woman—lemon……….19
Cold—shoal………..10
Slow—snow…………10
Wish—dish…………
River—liberty……..10
White—size………..10
Beautiful—………..
Window—Hilda………19
Rough—shoff………. 3
Citizen—shiffizen…. 3
Foot—shoot………..10
Spider—shider…….. 3
Needle—dreedle……. 3
Red—shred…………10
Sleep—seef……….. 3
Anger—……………
Carpet—shloppet…… 3
Girl—shirl……….. 3
High—fie………….10
Working—shlirking…. 3
Sour—bower………..10
Earth—world……….
Trouble—shuttle……19
Soldier—polster…… 3
Cabbage—sheffies….. 4
Hard—shward………. 3
Eagle—……………
Stomach—………….
Stem—lamp…………19
Lamp—sant………… 4
Dream—leam……….. 3
Yellow—cherry……..19
Bread—dread……….10
Justice—chestnuts….10
Boy—……………..
Light—shwife……… 3
Health—felt………. 2
Bible—……………
Memory—…………..
Sheep—sheet……….10
Bath—scab…………19
Cottage—foppach…… 3
Swift—shift……….10
Blue—shoe…………10
Hungry—angry………
Priest—sheaf………19
Ocean—notion………10
Head—shred………..10
Stove—shove………. 3
Long—song…………10
Religion—switching…19
Whiskey—chiston…… 4
Child—kile……….. 3
Bitter—shitter……. 3
Hammer—lemon………13
Thirsty—flrsten…… 3
City—…………….
Square—birds………19
Butter—shudder…….10
Doctor—shoctor……. 3
Loud—souse………..10
Thief—sheaf……….10
Lion—Zion…………10
Joy—bloy…………. 3
Bed—wading………..19
Heavy—shleavy…….. 3
Tobacco—confecker…. 4
Baby—savey……….. 3
Moon—shoon……….. 3
Scissors—…………
Quiet—shiet………. 3
Green—sheel………. 4
Salt—shawlt………. 3
Street—freet……… 3
King—sing…………10
Cheese—seefs……… 4
Blossom—pleasant….. 9
Afraid—shraid…….. 3

CASE No. 3606.—F.W. Neologisms; some particles; many unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—pleasure……. 9
Dark—air………….19
Music—walking……..19
Sickness—gloves……19
Man—fields………..19
Deep—courtesy……..19
Soft—spoons……….19
Eating—oranges…….
Mountain—ice………17
House—paintings…… 2
Black—blue………..
Mutton—hemisphere….19
Comfort—flowers……19
Hand—sawdust………19
Short—peanuts……..19
Fruit—autoharp…….19
Butterfly—disease….19
Smooth—ice………..
Command—botheration..19
Chair—tea…………19
Sweet—arrangement….19
Whistle—steadfast….19
Woman—flowers……..15
Cold—grandeur……..19
Slow—present………19
Wish—mania………..19
River—courtesy…….15
White—ink…………17
Beautiful—flowers….
Window—air………..
Rough—enjoyment……19
Citizen—queer……..19
Foot—hatred……….19
Spider—carousy……. 4
Needle—pleasant…… 9
Red—permit………..19
Sleep—indeed………12
Anger—benevolence….19
Carpet—disorder……19
Girl—caterer………19
High—aside………..10
Working—among……..12
Sour—destroy………19
Earth—confusion……19
Trouble—frivolous….19
Soldier—air……….15
Cabbage—temptation…19
Hard—among………..12
Eagle—quality……..19
Stomach—debasteaur… 4
Stem—counteract……19
Lamp—testament…….19
Dream—connexus……. 4
Yellow—division……19
Bread—atherey…….. 4
Justice—anger……..19
Boy—quality……….15
Light—among……….12
Health—frivolous…..15
Bible—permit………15
Memory—usual………19
Sheep—astray………
Bath—conscientious…19
Cottage—texalous….. 4
Swift—patience…….19
Blue—community…….19
Hungry—confusion…..15
Priest—second……..19
Ocean—apology……..19
Head—trinity………19
Stove—compartment….19
Long—terminal……..19
Religion—abundant….19
Whiskey—approvement.. 4
Child—anger……….15
Bitter—courageous….19
Hammer—correction….19
Thirsty—afterwards…12
City—cataract……..19
Square—plenty……..19
Butter—accost……..19
Doctor—southern……19
Loud—triangular……19
Thief—cannery……..19
Lion—practice……..19
Joy—summons……….19
Bed—avron………… 4
Heavy—olenthegolis… 4
Tobacco—abundant…..15
Baby—parenthus……. 4
Moon—otherwise…….12
Scissors—cartridge…19
Quiet—outside……..12
Green—abounty…….. 4
Salt—calonry……… 4
Street—abyss………19
King—cavenry……… 4
Cheese—perplex…….19
Blossom—cartridge….15
Afraid—stubborn……19

EPILEPSY.

Most of the cases of epilepsy in our collection show advanced dementia and in some the clinical history would indicate also original mental inferiority, that is to say, imbecility or feeble-mindedness.

In these cases the dominant characteristic, so far as shown in the test records, seems to be a narrowing of the mental horizon manifested firstly by a tendency to repeat many times one or another word, and secondly by an abnormally pronounced tendency to make use of non-specific reactions or particles of speech. Occasionally other abnormalities are noted, such as perseveration or distraction.

We submit here copies of some test records.

CASE No. 5410.—W.T.K. Repetition of words previously given; nonspecific reactions.

Table—article…….. 1
Dark—light………..
Music—tone………..
Sickness—ill………
Man—person……….. 1
Deep—distant……… 2
Soft—condition……. 6
Eating—chew……….
Mountain—high……..
House—abode……….
Black—color……….
Mutton—meat……….
Comfort—peace……..
Hand—limb…………
Short—distance…….
Fruit—result………
Butterfly—animal…..
Smooth—plain………
Command—order……..
Chair—seat………..
Sweet—pleasant……. 1
Whistle—sound……..
Woman—female………
Cold—chilly……….
Slow—pace…………
Wish—desire……….
River—body………..
White—clear……….
Beautiful—grand……
Window—place………13
Rough—unsmooth……. 4
Citizen—member…….
Foot—member……….
Spider—animal……..
Needle—article……. 1
Bed—color…………
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—condition…… 6
Carpet—covering……
Girl—female……….
High—distance……..
Working—occupation…
Sour—condition……. 6
Earth—planet………
Trouble—condition…. 6
Soldier—member……. 6
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—condition……. 6
Eagle—animal………
Stomach—member…….
Stem—branch……….
Lamp—article……… 1
Dream—thinking……. 1
Yellow—shade………
Bread—article…….. 6
Justice—position…..19
Boy—male………….
Light—clear……….
Health—condition…..
Bible—book………..
Memory—condition….. 6
Sheep—animal………
Bath—position……..15
Cottage—house……..
Swift—fast………..
Blue—color………..
Hungry—condition….. 6
Priest—office……..
Ocean—body………..
Head—member……….
Stove—article…….. 1
Long—distance……..
Religion—profession..
Whiskey—liquid…….
Child—person……… 1
Bitter—condition….. 6
Hammer—article……. 1
Thirsty—condition…. 6
City—place………..
Square—honest……..
Butter—article……. 6
Doctor—profession….
Loud—sound………..
Thief—position…….15
Lion—animal……….
Joy—pleasant……… 1
Bed—article………. 6
Heavy—weight………
Tobacco—plant……..
Baby—person………. 1
Moon—planet……….
Scissors—article….. 1
Quiet—peaceful…….
Green—shade……….
Salt—article……… 1
Street—place………
King—ruler………..
Cheese—article……. 6
Blossom—plant……..
Afraid—fear……….

CASE No. 2208.—J.A. Repetition of words previously given; non-specific reactions.

Table—wood………..
Dark—chairs……….13
Music—wood………..14
Sickness—dropsy……17
Man—body………….
Deep—well…………
Soft—lady…………19
Eating—man……….. 6
Mountain—hills…….
House—barns………. 2
Black—horse……….
Mutton—sheep………
Comfort—poison…….19
Hand—man…………. 1
Short—people……… 1
Fruit—trees……….
Butterfly—tree…….
Smooth—people…….. 6
Command—general……
Chair—hands……….16
Sweet—fruit……….
Whistle—man………. 1
Woman—people……… 1
Cold—ice………….
Slow—people………. 6
Wish—dead…………19
River—lakes……….
White—foam………..17
Beautiful—man…….. 1
Window—glass………
Rough—people……… 6
Citizen—man………. 1
Foot—people………. 6
Spider—barn……….15
Needle—clothes…….
Red—blood…………
Sleep—bed…………
Anger—angry……….
Carpet—stores……..19
Girl—ladies………. 2
High—mountain……..
Working—people……. 6
Sour—fruit………..
Earth—clay………..
Trouble—bad………. 1
Soldier—man………. 1
Cabbage—field……..
Hard—case…………19
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—man………. 1
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—fire…………
Dream—bad………… 1
Yellow—chair………15
Bread—rye…………
Justice—right……..
Boy—bad………….. 1
Light—ship………..19
Health—pig………..19
Bible—man………… 6
Memory—mind……….
Sheep—mutton………
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—ship………..15
Blue—lines………..17
Hungry—people…….. 6
Priest—man……….. 1
Ocean—deep………..
Head—bad…………. 9
Stove—wood………..
Long—trees……….. 2
Religion—form……..19
Whiskey—apples…….17
Child—people……… 1
Bitter—apples……..
Hammer—axe………..
Thirsty—drink……..
City—towns………..

Square—measurement…
Butter—cows……….
Doctor—person…….. 1
Loud—people………. 1
Thief—person……… 1
Lion—animal……….
Joy—person……….. 9
Bed—man………….. 6
Heavy—mountain…….
Tobacco—growing……
Baby—person………. 1
Moon—people………. 6
Scissors—cutting…..
Quiet—mind………..
Green—cloud……….19
Salt—planting……..13
Street—walk……….
King—human………..19
Cheese—milk……….
Blossom—flowers……
Afraid—human………15

CASE No. 01218.—E.M. Repetition of words previously given; non-specific reactions.

Table—tablecloth…..
Dark—dog………….
Music—figure………17
Sickness—drink…….17
Man—people……….. 1
Deep—pull…………19
Soft—light………..
Eating—think……… 1
Mountain—well……..13
House—plumber……..17
Black—horse……….
Mutton—park……….19
Comfort—nice……… 1
Hand—use…………. 1
Short—long………..
Fruit—figs………..
Butterfly—cloth……19
Smooth—nice………. 1
Command—pleasant….. 6
Chair—wash………..19
Sweet—sour………..
Whistle—mug……….19
Woman—pear………..19
Cold—warm…………
Slow—quickness…….
Wish—nice………… 1
River—pleasant……. 1
White—use………… 6
Beautiful—comfort….19
Window—looks……… 2
Rough—pleasant……. 6
Citizen—comfort……15
Foot—help…………
Spider—wake……….19
Needle—use……….. 1
Red—look………….15
Sleep—good……….. 1
Anger—no………….12
Carpet—make……….19
Girl—happy……….. 9
High—nice………… 6
Working—pleasant….. 1
Sour—bag………….19
Earth—ground………
Trouble—good……… 6
Soldier—clothes……
Cabbage—eat……….
Hard—good………… 1
Eagle—pleasant……. 6
Stomach—hurt………
Stem—use…………. 1
Lamp—lighted………
Dream—pleasant……. 1
Yellow—wake……….15
Bread—making………
Justice—help………
Boy—pleasant……… 6
Light—big…………19
Health—nice………. 6
Bible—use………… 1
Memory—no…………12
Sheep—pleasant……. 1
Bath—good………… 6
Cottage—useful…….
Swift—quick……….
Blue—good………… 1
Hungry—sour……….15
Priest—good………. 1
Ocean—useful……… 6
Head—nice………… 6
Stove—lighted…….. 2
Long—lake…………19
Religion—pleasant…. 6
Whiskey—use………. 6
Child—help……….. 6
Bitter—sour……….
Hammer—stick………19
Thirsty—drink……..
City—handy………..19
Square—pleasant…… 6
Butter—useful…….. 1
Doctor—help……….
Loud—make…………15
Thief—punish……… 2
Lion—bad…………. 9
Joy—happy………… 1
Bed—pleasant……… 1
Heavy—light……….
Tobacco—pleasant….. 1
Baby—help………… 6
Moon—sun………….
Scissors—pleasant…. 6
Quiet—sleep……….
Green—beans……….10
Salt—handy………..15
Street—make……….15
King—nice………… 6
Cheese—good………. 1
Blossom—pleasant….. 1
Afraid—will……….19

CASE No. 4989.—C.H. Repetition of words previously given; non-specific reactions; particles.

Table—work……….. 1
Dark—true…………19
Music—pleasant……. 1
Sickness—well……..
Man—absent………..19
Deep—together……..12
Soft—plenty………. 6
Eating—good………. 1
Mountain—together….12
House—one…………12
Black—America……..19
Mutton—vegetable….. 2
Comfort—sleep……..
Hand—nothing………19
Short—never……….12
Fruit—vegetable……
Butterfly—bird…….
Smooth—large……… 9
Command—willing……
Chair—good……….. 6
Sweet—always……… 6
Whistle—music……..
Woman—one…………12
Cold—medium………. 6
Slow—quick………..
Wish—hope…………
River—lake………..
White—always……… 6
Beautiful—medium….. 6
Window—open……….
Rough—smooth………
Citizen—American…..
Foot—two………….
Spider—butterfly…..
Needle—steel………
Red—color…………
Sleep—plenty………
Anger—never……….
Carpet—floor………
Girl—five…………12
High—medium……….
Working—always…….
Sour—never……….. 6
Earth—cultivate……17
Trouble—none………
Soldier—willing……15
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—seldom……….12
Eagle—American…….
Stomach—no………..12
Stem—one………….12
Lamp—burning………
Dream—always……… 6
Yellow—sometimes…..12
Bread—soft………..
Justice—always…….
Boy—two…………..12
Light—plenty………
Health—plenty……..
Bible—Catholic…….17
Memory—good………. 1
Sheep—wool………..
Bath—good………… 1
Cottage—plenty……. 6
Swift—medium……… 6
Blue—never……….. 6
Hungry—seldom…….. 6
Priest—good………. 1
Ocean—three……….12
Head—good………… 1
Stove—burning……..
Long—medium……….
Religion—willing…..15
Whiskey—some………19
Child—good……….. 1
Bitter—never……… 6
Hammer—tool……….
Thirsty—seldom……. 6
City—New York……..
Square—always…….. 6
Better—good………. 1
Doctor—good………. 1
Loud—medium………. 6
Thief—none………..
Lion—animal……….
Joy—plenty……….. 6
Bed—good…………. 1
Heavy—medium……… 6
Tobacco—yes……….12
Baby—more…………19
Moon—bright……….
Scissors—sharp…….
Quiet—plenty……… 6
Green—good……….. 6
Salt—little……….19
Street—lots……….18
King—none…………
Cheese—seldom…….. 6
Blossom—always……. 6
Afraid—sometimes…..15

CASE No. 4847.—C.C. Distraction

Table—eat…………
Dark—lock…………10
Music—fiddle………
Sickness—doctors….. 2
Man—woman………… 1
Deep—water………..
Soft—snow…………
Eating—oats……….17
Mountain—spray…….19
House—building…….
Black—red…………15
Mutton—meat………. 9
Comfort—red……….15
Hand—people………. 9
Short—world……….19
Fruit—age…………18
Butterfly—bird…….
Smooth—eggs……….18
Command—cake………19
Chair—world……….15
Sweet—cherries…….
Whistle—peaches……18
Woman—children…….
Cold—summer……….17
Slow—brother………19
Wish—pear…………19
River—orange………18
White—black……….
Beautiful—red……..13
Window—door……….
Rough—table……….
Citizen—couch……..19
Foot—arm………….
Spider—fly………..
Needle—scissors……17
Red—blue………….
Sleep—pink………..13
Anger—box…………19
Carpet—rug………..
Girl—boy………….
High—play…………
Working—cup……….19
Sour—bread………..17
Earth—picture……..19
Trouble—soap………19
Soldier—towel……..18
Cabbage—turnip…….
Hard—tree…………
Eagle—clock……….19
Stomach—eat……….
Stem—soap…………15
Lamp—oil………….
Dream—glass……….13

Yellow—bottle……..18
Bread—soap………..15
Justice—pencil…….19
Boy—picture……….15
Light—darkness…….
Health—washstand…..19
Bible—book………..
Memory—saucer……..19
Sheep—chair……….19
Bath—bureau……….14

Cottage—pan……….19
Swift—towel……….15
Blue—wash………… 2
Hungry—eat………..
Priest—church……..
Ocean—beans……….19
Head—prunes……….18
Stove—cook………..
Long—fig………….19
Religion—church……
Whiskey—tea……….17
Child—people……… 1
Bitter—stomach…….19
Hammer—tack……….
Thirsty—peach……..15
City—box………….15
Square—soap……….15
Butter—lard……….
Doctor—sick……….
Loud—head…………19
Thief—cup…………15
Lion—bottle……….15
Joy—pitcher……….19
Bed—sheet…………
Heavy—blanket……..13
Tobacco—mustard……19
Baby—pepper……….18
Moon—heater……….19
Scissors—string……
Quiet—lace………..19
Green—red…………
Salt—soda…………17
Street—soldier…….19
King—box………….15
Cheese—cake……….
Blossom—shell……..19
Afraid—blotter…….19

CASE No. 3597.—L.T. Some neologisms, all possessing obvious meaning.

Table—stand……….
Dark—light………..
Music—instrument…..
Sickness—health……
Man—female………..
Deep—detableness….. 4
Soft—hard…………
Eating—starving……
Mountain—isthmus…..17
House—building…….
Black—white……….
Mutton—beef……….
Comfort—patient……
Hand—leg………….
Short—long………..
Fruit—vegetable……
Butterfly—spider…..
Smooth—coarse……..
Command—thought…… 1
Chair—utensil……..19
Sweet—sour………..
Whistle—trumpet……
Woman—man………… 1
Cold—warm…………
Slow—quick………..
Wish—command………
River—lake………..
White—black……….
Beautiful—pretty….. 1
Window—door……….
Rough—straight…….
Citizen—tramp……..19
Foot—arm………….
Spider—fly………..
Needle—pin………..
Red—blue………….
Sleep—awake……….
Anger—patient…….. 2
Carpet—rug………..
Girl—servant………
High—low………….
Working—laziness…..
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—hemisphere…..
Trouble—goodness….. 9
Soldier—merchant…..17
Cabbage—pumpkin……17
Hard—tight………..
Eagle—hawk………..
Stomach—abdomen……
Stem—leaf…………
Lamp—lantern………
Dream—nightmare……
Yellow—lavender……17
Bread—pastry………
Justice—badness…… 2
Boy—child…………
Light—darkness…….
Health—sickness……
Bible—testament……
Memory—remember……
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—dirtiness……. 2
Cottage—building…..
Swift—quickly……..
Blue—redness……… 2
Hungry—starving……
Priest—minister……
Ocean—sea…………
Head—topness……… 4
Stove—cooking……..
Long—shorter……… 2
Religion—wickedness..
Whiskey—medicine…..
Child—daughter…….
Bitter—sweetness….. 2
Hammer—pickaxe…….17
Thirsty—drinkness…. 4
City—village………
Square—strightness… 2
Butter—syrup………17
Doctor—queen………19
Loud—low………….
Thief—burglar……..
Lion—tiger………..
Joy—enjoyable…….. 2
Bed—bedstead………
Heavy—lightness……
Tobacco—sweetness…. 2
Baby—infant……….
Moon—sun………….
Scissors—shears……
Quite—noiseness…… 4
Green—greenbill…… 3
Salt—sugar………..
Street—island……..19
King—nephew……….19
Cheese—curdness…… 4
Blossom—bud……….
Afraid—knowledgeable. 4

GENERAL PARESIS.

Cases presenting no considerable dementia or confusion and cases in a state of remission are apt to give normal test records. As we proceed from the records of such cases to those of cases showing mental deterioration we observe a gradual reduction in the values of reactions, contraction of the mental horizon,[1] and the appearance of the phenomenon of perseveration. We submit the following test records for illustration:

[Footnote 1: What we mean by contraction of the mental horizon has already been described in connection with epilepsy, page 47.]

CASE No. 4047.—C.A.F. Almost complete remission of all mental symptoms. Normal record.

Table—dish………..
Dark—light………..
Music—sound……….
Sickness—disease…..
Man—woman………… 1
Deep—fathomless……
Soft—sweet………..
Eating—food……….
Mountain—high……..
House—barn………..
Black—color……….
Mutton—meat……….
Comfort—ease………
Hand—foot…………
Short—long………..
Fruit—sweet……….
Butterfly—moth…….
Smooth—rough………
Command—order……..
Chair—leg…………
Sweet—pleasant……. 1
Whistle—sound……..
Woman—female………
Cold—ice………….
Slow—languid………17
Wish—desire……….
River—long………..
White—color……….
Beautiful—fair…….
Window—glass………
Rough—smooth………
Citizen—voter……..
Foot—toe………….
Spider—fly………..
Needle—sharp………
Red—color…………
Sleep—slumber……..
Anger—rage………..
Carpet—sweep………
Girl—maiden……….
High—lofty………..
Working—toiling……
Sour—distasteful…..
Earth—ground………
Trouble—sorrow…….
Soldier—fighter……
Cabbage—leaf………
Hard—easy…………
Eagle—fly…………
Stomach—food………
Stem—petal………..
Lamp—light………..
Dream—slumber……..
Yellow—color………
Bread—eat…………
Justice—judgment…..
Boy—youth…………
Light—lamp………..
Health—nature……..17
Bible—holy………..
Memory—remember……
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—fast………..
Blue—color………..
Hungry—famished……
Priest—holy……….
Ocean—sea…………
Head—top………….
Stove—fire………..
Long—short………..
Religion—holy……..
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—infant………
Bitter—sour……….
Hammer—knock………
Thirsty—drink……..
City—town…………
Square—round………
Butter—eat………..
Doctor—physician…..
Loud—knock………..
Thief—steal……….
Lion—tiger………..
Joy—happiness…….. 1
Bed—sleep…………
Heavy—weigh……….
Tobacco—smoke……..
Baby—child………..
Moon—stars………..
Scissors—cut………
Quiet—soft………..
Green—color……….
Salt—food…………
Street—lane……….
King—queen………..
Cheese—eat………..
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—fear……….

CASE No. 6660.—F.F. Repetition of words previously given; non-specific reactions; unclassified reactions some of which are "circumstantial" (see page 25).

Table—bureau………19
Dark—boats……….. 2
Music—piano……….
Sickness—doctor……
Man—sober…………19
Deep—cellar……….
Soft—easy…………
Eating—chewing…….
Mountain—climb…….
House—tenants…….. 2
Black—color……….
Mutton—meat……….
Comfort—easy………
Hand—use…………. 1
Short—stump………. 2
Fruit—nice……….. 1
Butterfly—like……. 6
Smooth—clean………
Command—faithful…..17
Chair—easy………..
Sweet—like……….. 6
Whistle—good……… 6
Woman—like……….. 6
Cold—medicine……..
Slow—I……………12
Wish—like…………
River—boats……….
White—sheet……….
Beautiful—flowers….
Window—red………..14
Rough—streets…….. 2
Citizen—honest…….
Foot—walking………
Spider—kill……….10
Needle—sew………..
Red—nice…………. 6
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—cross……….
Carpet—good………. 6
Girl—nice………… 1
High—good………… 1
Working—well………19
Sour—bitter……….
Earth—property…….19
Trouble—fighting…..
Soldier—good……… 1
Cabbage—eat……….
Hard—sorry………..19
Eagle—good……….. 6
Stomach—good……… 1
Stem—fair…………19
Lamp—use…………. 1
Dream—now…………12
Yellow—color………
Bread—good……….. 1
Justice—fine……… 1
Boy—good…………. 1
Light—good……….. 1
Health—right………19
Bible—home………..
Memory—good………. 1
Sheep—like……….. 6
Bath—good………… 1
Cottage—fine……… 1
Swift—go………….
Blue—nice………… 6
Hungry—bad……….. 1
Priest—Father……..
Ocean—boats……….
Head—brains……….
Stove—heat………..
Long—streets………
Religion—Catholic….
Whiskey—bad………. 1
Child—good……….. 1
Bitter—sorrow……..
Hammer—use……….. 1
Thirsty—drink……..
City—Brooklyn……..
Squares—park……… 2
Butter—ice………..19
Doctor—cure……….
Loud—holler……….
Thief—no…………. 2
Lion—no………….. 6
Joy—hope………….
Bed—rest………….
Heavy—loud………..
Tobacco—good……… 1
Baby—good………… 1
Moon—light………..
Scissors—use……… 1
Quiet—good……….. 1
Green—nice……….. 6
Salt—use…………. 1
Street—nice………. 1
King—right………..19
Cheese—nice………. 1
Blossom—grow………
Afraid—no…………

CASE No. 618.—R.N. Numerous particles of speech; some unclassified reaction, chiefly "circumstantial" (see page 25).

Table—eat…………
Dark—cloudy……….
Music—fond………..19
Sickness—well……..
Man—human…………
Deep—ocean………..
Soft—fine………… 1
Eating—yes……….. 6
Mountain—yes……… 5
House—yes………… 5
Black—yes………… 5
Mutton—yes……….. 5
Comfort—yes………. 5
Hand—finger……….
Short—yes………… 6
Fruit—yes………… 5
Butterfly—yes…….. 5
Smooth—even……….
Command—obey………
Chair—settle………17
Sweet—bitter………
Whistle—can't……..19
Woman—lady………..
Cold—ice………….
Slow—fast…………
Wish—give…………
River—enjoyment……19
White—black……….
Beautiful—yes…….. 6
Window—pane……….
Rough—smooth………
Citizen—yes………. 6
Foot—one………….12
Spider—yes……….. 6
Needle—sewing……..
Red—blue………….
Sleep—nap…………17
Anger—willing……..19
Carpet—yes……….. 6
Girl—nature……….19
High—low………….
Working—artist…….17
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—world……….
Trouble—peaceful…..

Soldier—no………..12
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—soft…………
Eagle—American…….
Stomach—condition….
Stem—post…………17
Lamp—light………..
Dream—thinking……. 1
Yellow—green………
Bread—loaf………..
Justice—yes……….
Boy—human…………
Light—heaven………
Health—wealth……..
Bible—yes………… 6
Memory—yes……….. 5
Sheep—animal………
Bath—yes…………. 6
Cottage—yes………. 5
Swift—fast………..
Blue—gray…………
Hungry—no…………
Priest—yes……….. 6
Ocean—water……….
Head—human………..
Stove—coal………..
Long—short………..
Religion—yes……… 6
Whiskey—no………..12
Child—baby………..
Bitter—sweet………
Hammer—pincher…….17
Thirsty—drinking…..
City—population……
Square—circle……..
Butter—lard……….
Doctor—physician…..
Loud—low………….
Thief—penalty……..17
Lion—liar…………10
Joy—welcome……….17
Bed—sleep…………
Heavy—light……….
Tobacco—yes………. 6
Baby—human………..
Moon—natural………15
Scissors—no……….12
Quiet—yes………… 6
Green—shade……….
Salt—eat………….
Street—town……….
King—ruler………..
Cheese—eat………..
Blossom—blooming…..
Afraid—scared……..

CASE No. 6518.—C.Z. Perseveration shown by numerous instances of association to preceding reaction.

Table—horse……….19
Dark—wren…………10
Music—lark………..18
Sickness—cold……..
Man—woman………… 1
Deep—sea………….
Soft—hard…………
Eating—drinking……
Mountain—fountain….
House—barn………..
Black—stable………13
Mutton—cow………..
Comfort—horse……..18
Hand—lamb…………
Short—calf………..
Fruit—apples………
Butterfly—oranges…. 2
Smooth—peaches…….18
Command—plums……..18
Chair—bench……….
sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—drum………17
Woman—man………… 1
Cold—hot………….
Slow—fast…………
Wish—who………….12
River—water……….
White—blue………..
Beautiful—splendid…
Window—sashes…….. 2
Rough—ready……….
Citizen—Brooklyn…..
Foot—shoe…………
Spider—web………..
Needle—pin………..
Red—blue………….
Sleep—awake……….
Anger—bad………… 1
Carpet—sweeper…….
Girl—boy………….
High—low………….
Working—playing……
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—ground………
Trouble—wheelbarrow..19
Soldier—Mexican……17
Cabbage—potatoes…..
Hard—beets………..18
Eagle—carrots……..18
Stomach—peas………18
Stem—peas………… 5
Lamp—burning………
Dream—happy………. 1
Yellow—blue……….
Bread—green……….12
Justice—freedom……
Boy—girl………….
Light—burning……..
Health—strength……
Bible—prayerbook…..
Memory—thoughts…… 1
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—whist……….10
Blue—red………….
Hungry—eating……..
Priest—Father……..
Ocean—mother………18
Head—brother………18
Stove—sister………18
Long—freedom………15
Religion—smart…….19
Whiskey—wine………
Child—lamb………..19
Bitter—goat……….18
Hammer—nails………
Thirsty—dry……….
City—talking………19
Square—inches……..
Butter—cheese……..
Doctor—bread………13
Loud—oranges………15
Thief—almonds……..18
Lion—apples……….18
Joy—grapes………..18
Bed—peaches……….18
Heavy—cranberries….18
Tobacco—grapes…….18
Baby—watermelon……18
Moon—muskmelons……18
Scissors—citrons…..10
Quiet—squashes…….18
Green—pumpkins…….18
Salt—cucumbers…….18
Street—tomatoes……18
Kings—pears……….18
Cheese—apples……..18
Blossom—cherries…..
Afraid—gooseberries..18

CASE No. 5329.—B.W. Perseveration; record almost entirely made up of instances of association to preceding reaction.

Table—San Francisco…19
Dark—comprehensible…19
Music—sinking………
Sickness—Brooklyn…..19
Man—woman…………. 1
Deep—amazing……….19
Soft—pleasant……… 9
Eating—digesting……
Mountain—gulf………17
House—peninsula…….18
Black—Constantinople..18
Mutton—Bermuda……..18
Comfort—Los Angeles…18
Hand—Cuba………….18
Short—cities……….18
Fruit—Iowa…………18
Butterfly—England…..18
Smooth—Russia………18
Command—Turkey……..18
Chair—Manila……….18
Sweet—Porto Rico……18
Whistle—Washington….18
Woman—Cincinnati……18
Cold—Pittsburg……..18
Slow—Philadelphia…..
Wish—Milwaukee……..18
River—St. Louis…….18
White—Japan………..18
Beautiful—China…….18
Window—Berlin………18
Rough—Glasgow………18
Citizen—London……..18
Foot—Dublin………..18
Spider—Sacramento…..18
Needle—Texas……….18
Red—North Carolina….18
Sleep—Florida………18
Anger—Seattle………18
Carpet—Nevada………18
Girl—Iowa………….15
High—Virginia………18
Working—Louisiana…..18
Sour—Hawaii………..18
Earth—Connecticut…..18
Trouble—Rhode Island..18
Soldier—Vermont…….18
Cabbage—Massachusetts.18
Hard—Hudson………..18
Eagle—East River……18
Stomach—Staten Island.18
Stem—Kings Park…….18
Lamp—Fort Lee………18
Dream—Long Island…..18
Yellow—Greenport……18
Bread—Southold……..18
Justice—Northport…..18
Boy—New Jersey……..18
Light—Rome…………18
Health—Italy……….18
Bible—Episcopal…….17
Memory—Methodist……18
Sheep—Congregational..18
Bath—Baptist……….18
Cottage—minister……18
Swift—physician…….18
Blue—horse…………18
Hungry—cow…………18
Priest—Catholics…….
Ocean—lake………….
Head—bay……………13
Stove—sound…………18
Long—Island…………
Religion—Boston……..18
Whiskey—Harvard……..18
Child—Yale………….18
Bitter—Columbia……..18
Hammer—library………18
Thirsty—Carnegie…….18
City—Rockefeller…….18
Square—Harriman……..18
Butter—Leggitt………18
Doctor—Lincoln………18
Loud—Roosevelt………18
Thief—Taft………….18
Lion—Gaynor…………18
Joy—Slocum………….18
Bed—Grant…………..18
Heavy—McClellan……..18
Tobacco—Spain……….19
Baby—New London……..18
Moon—Newburgh……….18
Scissors—Troy……….18
Quiet—Schenectady……18
Green—Lake George……18
Salt—Vienna…………18
Street—Alsace Lorraine.18
King—Garfield……….17
Cheese—McKinley……..18
Blossom—Bryan……….18
Afraid—Blaine……….18

MANIC-DEPRESSIVE INSANITY.

In this disorder the departures from the normal seem to be less pronounced than in the psychoses considered above. The number of individual reactions is in most cases not greatly above the normal average; and, so far as their character is concerned, we find that many of them are classed as normal, in accordance with the appendix to the frequency tables; among the unclassified reactions, which are quite frequent here, we find mostly either obviously normal ones, or some of the type to which we have already referred as "far-fetched," while others among them are "circumstantial" (see p. 25); further we find that most of the remaining individual reactions fall into the general group of partial dissociation: non-specific reactions, sound reactions, word complements, and particles.

In some cases the only abnormality that is found is that of an undue tendency to respond by non-specific reactions, most of them being common and there being no excessive number of individual reactions. It would seem legitimate to assume that this tendency is here to be regarded as a manifestation of the phenomenon which is clinically described as dearth of ideas. It is significant that this tendency is observed not only in depressive phases of the psychosis, but also in manic phases and even in the normal intervals of recurrent cases or after apparent recovery in acute cases; this will be seen from some of the test records which are here reproduced.

Occasionally cases are met with which give a large number of unclassified reactions, seemingly incoherent. There can be no doubt that at least some of these cases are clinically perfectly typical ones of manic-depressive insanity, yet the test records strongly resemble, in some respects, those of dementia præcox.

Since clinically the distinction between typical cases of these psychoses can be so clearly made on the basis of the disorders of the flow of thought respectively characterizing them, it could hardly be assumed that the associational disturbances in these two groups of cases are truly related, although there may be an apparent resemblance; it must be acknowledged that we are here confronted with one of the most serious shortcomings of the association test, or at least of the present method of applying it.

CASE No. 5236.—M.B. Depressive attack. Normal record.

Table—eat…………
Dark—night………..
Music—play………..
Sickness—death…….
Man—health………..13
Deep—depth………..
Soft—hard…………
Eating—chewing…….
Mountain—high……..
House—living………
Black—color……….
Mutton—sheep………
Comfort—kind……… 2
Hand—body…………
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—garden………
Butterfly—spring…..
Smooth—rough………
Command—obey………
Chair—sit…………
Sweet—apple……….
Whistle—music……..
Woman—land………..
Cold—chilly……….
Slow—easy…………
Wish—want…………
River—water……….
White—color……….
Beautiful—grand……
Window—light………
Rough—smooth………
Citizen—man………. 1
Foot—body…………
Spider—animal……..
Needle—sew………..
Red—color…………
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—badness…….. 2
Carpet—floor………
Girl—young………..
High—low………….
Working—busy………
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—live………..
Trouble—grief……..
Soldier—army………
Cabbage—garden…….
Hard—stone………..
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—body………
Stem—plant………..
Lamp—light………..
Dream—sleep……….
Yellow—color………
Bread—eat…………
Justice—kind……… 2
Boy—young…………
Light—day…………
Health—strength……
Bible—Christ………
Memory—think……… 1
Sheep—mutton………
Bath—clean………..
Cottage—live………
Swift—run…………
Blue—color………..
Hungry—food……….
Priest—clergy……..
Ocean—water……….
Head—body…………
Stove—fire………..
Long—tall…………
Religion—teaching….
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—young……….
Bitter—sweet………
Hammer—nail……….
Thirsty—drink……..
City—town…………
Square—four……….
Butter—eat………..
Doctor—medicine……
Loud—noise………..
Thief—steal……….
Lion—beast………..
Joy—kind…………. 6
Bed—sleep…………
Heavy—weight………
Tobacco—smoke……..
Baby—mother……….
Moon—light………..
Scissors—cut………
Quiet—kind……….. 6
Green—grass……….
Salt—table………..
Street—walk……….
King—government……
Cheese—eat………..
Blossom—tree………
Afraid—coward……..

CASE No. 6120.—M.L. Maniacal attack. Fifteen individual reactions, of which 11 are classed as normal in accordance with the appendix to the frequency tables.

Table—chair…………
Dark—light………….
Music—chorus………..17
Sickness—health……..
Man—woman………….. 1
Deep—around…………
Soft—light………….
Eating—food…………
Mountain—valley……..
House—flat………….17
Black—white…………
Mutton—beef…………
Comfort—disease……..
Hand—legs…………..
Short—tall………….
Fruit—grapes………..
Butterfly—birds……..
Smooth—rough………..

Command—president……17
Chair—assemblyman……18
Sweet—bitter………..
Whistle—birds……….
Woman—man………….. 1
Cold—warm…………..
Slow—fast…………..
Wish—well…………..
River—mountain………
White—red…………..
Beautiful—heaven…….
Window—door…………
Rough—smooth………..
Citizen—naturalization.
Foot—hand…………..
Spider—bug………….
Needle—doctor……….19
Red—white…………..
Sleep—well………….
Anger—passion……….
Carpet—cloth………..
Girl—boy……………
High—low……………
Working—pleasure……. 1
Sour—sweet………….
Earth—heaven………..
Trouble—anger……….
Soldier—mine………..12
Cabbage—steak……….17

Hard—soft…………..
Eagle—parrot………..
Stomach—pelvis………17
Stem—flowers………..
Lamp—light………….
Dream—empty…………17
Yellow—black………..
Bread—brown…………
Justice—done………..
Boy—baby……………
Light—heaven………..
Health—wealth……….
Bible—love………….
Memory—remembrance…..
Sheep—goat………….
Bath—water………….
Cottage—house……….
Swift—slow………….
Blue—green………….
Hungry—I……………
Priest—minister……..
Ocean—sea…………..
Head—neck…………..
Stove—electricity……17
Long—broad………….
Religion—Presbyterian..
Whiskey—medicinal…… 2
Child—boy…………..
Bitter—sweet………..
Hammer—saw………….
Thirsty—water……….
City—Middletown……..17
Square—Madison………
Butter—bread………..
Doctor—love…………15
Loud—soft…………..
Thief—burglar……….
Lion—animal…………
Joy—ecstasy…………
Bed—couch…………..
Heavy—lead………….
Tobacco—smoke……….
Baby—boy……………
Moon—stars………….
Scissors—cotton……..17
Quiet—noisy…………
Green—yellow………..
Salt—pepper…………
Street—Dean…………17
King—God……………17
Cheese—Roquefort…….
Blossom—apple……….
Afraid—never………..

CASE No. 6367.—J.N. Depressive attack. Only two individual reactions, both classed as normal; undue tendency to give non-specific reactions.

Table—cup…………17
Dark—light………..
Music—song………..
Sickness—pain……..
Man—child…………
Deep—high…………
Soft—hard…………
Eating—tasting…….
Mountain—valley……
House—room………..
Black—white……….
Mutton—lamb……….
Comfort—peace……..
Hand—foot…………
Short—long………..
Fruit—apple……….
Butterfly—moth…….
Smooth—rough………
Command—obey………
Chair—table……….
Sweet—sour………..
Whistle—song………
Woman—love………..
Cold—warm…………
Slow—fast…………
Wish—well…………
River—water……….
White—black……….
Beautiful—grand……
Window—glass………
Rough—smooth………
Citizen—man………. 1
Foot—hand…………
Spider—fly………..
Needle—thread……..
Red—blue………….
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—passion……..
Carpet—rug………..
Girl—child………..
High—low………….
Working—labor……..
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—ground………
Trouble—overcome…..17
Soldier—brave……..
Cabbage—lettuce……
Hard—soft…………
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—heart……..
Stem—tree…………
Lamp—light………..
Dream—sleep……….
Yellow—red………..
Bread—roll………..
Justice—peace……..
Boy—child…………
Light—sun…………
Health—wealth……..
Bible—good……….. 1
Memory—good………. 1
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—fast………..
Blue—white………..
Hungry—eat………..
Priest—man……….. 1
Ocean—water……….
Head—arm………….
Stove—warm………..
Long—short………..
Religion—good…….. 1
Whiskey—none………
Child—good……….. 1
Bitter—sour……….
Hammer—noise………
Thirsty—water……..
City—country………
Square—round………
Butter—salt……….
Doctor—good………. 1
Loud—noise………..
Thief—man………… 1
Lion—beast………..
Joy—good…………. 1
Bed—good…………. 1
Heavy—weight………
Tobacco—smoke……..
Baby—child………..
Moon—sun………….
Scissors—knife…….
Quiet—rest………..
Green—red…………
Salt—water………..
Street—city……….
King—man…………. 1
Cheese—butter……..
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—fear……….

CASE No. 5162.—W.H. Recurrent attacks, mixed in character; at time of test patient was in a normal interval. 5 individual reactions, of which 1 is classed as normal, 1 as a derivative, 2 as non-specific, and 1 as a sound reaction; undue tendency to give non-specific (common) reactions.

Table—comfort……..
Dark—darknew……… 8
Music—pleasure……. 1
Sickness—sorrow……
Map—manners……….10
Deep—thought……… 1
Soft—comfort………
Eating—pleasure…… 1
Mountain—height……
House—comfort……..
Black—darkness…….
Mutton—eating……..
Comfort—pleasure….. 1
Hand—useful………. 1
Short—stumpy………
Fruit—eating………
Butterfly—handsome…
Smooth—plane………
Command—ordering…..
Chair—easy………..
Sweet—candy……….
Whistle—noise……..
Woman—love………..
Cold—freezing……..
Slow—laziness……..
Wish—good………… 1
River—water……….
White—clearness…… 2
Beautiful—handsome…
Window—scene………
Rough—harshness……
Citizen—voting…….
Foot—stepping……..
Spider—poison……..
Needle—sharpness…..
Red—blood…………
Sleep—comfort……..
Anger—passion……..
Carpet—walking…….
Girl—lovely……….
High—height……….
Working—business…..
Sour—tart…………
Earth—planting…….
Trouble—Sorrow…….
Soldier—fighting…..
Cabbage—eating…….
Hard—harshness……. 2
Eagle—flying………
Stomach—eating…….
Stem—vine…………
Lamp—lighting…….. 2
Dream—pleasure……. 1
Yellow—color………
Bread—eating………
Justice—suing……..17
Boy—children………
Light—seeing………
Health—pleasure…… 1
Bible—thinking……. 9
Memory—recollections.
Sheep—wool………..
Bath—pleasure…….. 1
Cottage—living…….
Swift—quickness……
Blue—sky………….

Hungry—pleasure…… 9
Priest—holiness……
Ocean—sailing……..
Head—thinking…….. 1
Stove—warmth………
Long—length……….
Religion—holiness….
Whiskey—badness…… 2
Child—pleasure……. 1
Bitter—sourness……
Hammer—pounding……
Thirsty—drinking…..
City—town…………
Square—measure…….
Butter—greasy……..
Doctor—medicine……
Loud—hearing……… 2
Thief—stealing…….
Lion—fierceness……
Joy—pleasure……… 1
Bed—sleeping………
Heavy—solid……….
Tobacco—pleasure….. 1
Baby—loveliness……
Moon—bright……….
Scissors—sharpness….
Quiet—pleasure……. 1
Green—color……….
Salt—taste………..
Street—walking…….
King—majestic………
Cheese—eating……..
Blossom—handsome…..
Afraid—fear……….

CASE No. 6279.—A.F. Maniacal attack; at time of test patient had improved, though not recovered. Non-specific reactions; particles. (Patient does not speak English with perfect fluency.)

Table—board……….
Dark—night………..
Music—piano……….
Sickness—appendicitis
Man—husband……….
Deep—hole…………
Soft—hard…………
Eating—vegetable…..
Mountain—country…..
House—comfort……..
Black—cotton………17
Mutton—lamb……….
Comfort—rest………
Hand—arm………….
Short—Journey……..
Fruit—apples………
Butterfly—love…….13
Smooth—nice………. 1
Command—order……..
Chair—down………..12
Sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—blow………
Woman—good……….. 1
Cold—ice………….
Slow—lazy…………
Wish—home…………
River—boat………..
White—milk………..
Beautiful—flowers….
Window—corner……..
Rough—man………… 1
Citizen—not……….12
Foot—short………..
Spider—don't………12
Needle—steel………
Red—rose………….
Sleep—well………..
Anger—not…………
Carpet—beauty…….. 1
Girl—love…………
High—reason……….19
Working—dress……..19
Sour—vinegar………
Earth—ground………
Trouble—much………
Soldier—blue………
Cabbage—sour………
Hard—no…………..12
Eagle—paper……….
Stomach—well………17
Stem—flower……….
Lamp—light………..
Dream—awful……….19
Yellow—flower……..
Bread—rye…………
Justice—court……..
Boy—little………..
Light—room………..
Health—love……….15
Bible—no………….
Memory—good………. 1
Sheep—lot…………19
Bath—cold…………
Cottage—little…….
swift—kick………..17
Blue—no…………..12
Hungry—no…………
Priest—love……….15
Ocean—Grove……….
Head—black………..
Stove—shine……….19
Long—square……….
Religion—no……….
Whiskey—champagne….17
Child—my…………. 2
Bitter—pepper……..
Hammer—knock………
Thirsty—no………..12
City—New York……..
Square—table………
Butter—good………. 1
Doctor—S………….17
Loud—talk…………
Thief—night……….
Lion—yes………….12
Joy—good…………. 1
Bed—comfort……….
Heavy—Iron………..
Tobacco—strong…….
Baby—love…………
Moon—shine………..
Scissors—cut……..
Quiet—well………..
Green—bow…………17
Salt—hitter……….
Street—Hinsdale……17
King—Franz Joseph….17
Cheese—Swiss………
Blossom—nice……… 1
Afraid—no…………

CASE No. 4578.—E.M. Circular insanity of over twenty years' standing; at time of test patient was in a manic phase. Non-specific reactions; doubtful reactions; neologisms, all possessing obvious meaning.

Table—using………. 1
Dark—unbright…….. 4
Music—songs……….
Sickness—catching….17
Man—masculine……..
Deep—high…………
Soft—chew…………19
Eating—sometimes…..12
Mountain—highlands…
House—live………..
Black—color……….
Mutton—meat……….
Comfort—easy………
Hand—body…………
Short—unlongly……. 4
Fruit—plants………
Butterfly—insects….
Smooth—feeling…….
Command—do………..
Chair—use………… 1
Sweet—taste……….
Whistle—act……….
Woman—female………
Cold—acting………. 2
Slow—gradually…….17
Wish—desire……….
River—water……….
White—color……….
Beautiful—niceness… 2
Window—built………19
Rough—treatment……17
Citizen—country……
Foot—body…………
Spider—insect……..
Needle—article……. 1
Red—color…………
Sleep—tiredness…… 4
Anger—scolding…….
Carpet—article……. 1
Girl—female……….
High—low………….
Working—do………..
Sour—tasting………
Earth—surface……..
Trouble—worriment….
Soldier—man………. 1
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—difficult…….
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—body………
Stem—article……… 6
Lamp—article……… 1
Dream—untruly…….. 4
Yellow—color………
Bread—food………..
Justice—unfairly….. 2
Boy—masculine……..
Light—easy………..
Health—sickness……
Bible—commandments…
Memory—remember……
Sheep—animal………
Bath—cleanness…….
Cottage—country……
Swift—quickly……..
Blue—color………..
Hungry—food……….
Priest—masculine…..15
Ocean—water……….
Head—body…………
Stove—article…….. 1
Long—shortly……… 2
Religion—Bible…….
Whiskey—drinking…..
Child—disremembering. 4
Bitter—taste………
Hammer—using……… 1
Thirsty—drinking…..
City—acting……….15
Square—measuring….. 2
Butter—food……….
Doctor—helping……. 2
Loud—hearing……… 2
Thief—untrue………15
Lion—animal……….
Joy—gladness………
Bed—lying…………
Heavy—unlightly…… 4
Tobacco—using…….. 1
Baby—borning……… 4
Moon—sending………19
Scissors—using……. 1
Quiet—acting……… 2
Green—color……….
Salt—food…………
Street—walking…….
King—person………. 1
Cheese—food……….
Blossom—plant……..
Afraid—frightened….

CASE No. 5878.—A.B. Maniacal attack. 48 individual reactions, of which 18 are classed as normal, 10 are sound reactions (2 sound neologisms), 1 word complement, 8 particles, and 11 unclassified reactions most of which are either obviously normal or "far fetched" but not strictly incoherent.

Table—mahogany…….
Dark—green………..
Music—masonic……..10
Sickness—seasickness.10
Man—maternity……..10
Deep—well…………
Soft—silk…………
Eating—cleanliness…19
Mountain—Gibraltar…17
House—bungalow…….
Black—light……….
Mutton—lamb……….
Comfort—linen……..17
Hand—left…………17
Short—shorthand……10
Fruit—pears……….
Butterfly—canary…..17
Smooth—linen………17
Command—pilot……..17
Chair—round……….
Sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—mother…….19
Woman—twenty-one…..12
Cold—ice………….
Slow—music………..
Wish—girl…………
River—Hudson………
White—plaster……..17
Beautiful—nature…..
Window—St. Patrick's.17
Rough—blankets…….19
Citizen—twenty-one…12
Foot—six………….12
Spider—fly………..
Needle—tailor……..
Red—Herald………..19
Sleep—seven……….12
Anger—Angoria…….. 3
Carpet—green………
Girl—eighteen……..12
High—school……….11
Working—ten……….12
Sour—kraut………..
Earth—round……….
Trouble—son……….19
Soldier—navy………
Cabbage—curly……..19
Hard—stone………..
Eagle—almanac……..17
Stomach—stomjack….. 3
Stem—maple………..17
Lamp—New…..York….19
Dream—husband……..19
Yellow—cards………17
Bread—rye…………
Justice—liberty……
Boy—Joe…………..
Light—white……….
Health—death………10
Bible—holy………..
Memory—seven………12
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—cleanliness…..
Cottage—gray………17
Swift—ball………..
Blue—balloon………10
Hungry—yes………..12
Priest—doctor……..
Ocean—Niagara……..17
Head—rest…………
Stove—stationary…..10
Long—poems………..19
Religion—Catholic….
Whiskey—Hunter…….
Child—Jesus……….17
Bitter—gall……….
Hammer—steel………
Thirsty—water……..
City—New York……..
Square—Union………
Butter—sweet………
Doctor—S………….17
Loud—discreet……..19
Thief—night……….
Lion—Bostock……… 2
Joy—Joy Line………10
Bed—Ostermoor……..17
Heavy—iron………..
Tobacco—Durham…….
Baby—Rose…………17
Moon—half…………
Scissors—steel…….
Quiet—nursing……..19
Green—grass……….
Salt—rock…………
Street—Liberty…….17
King—Alphonso……..
Cheese—Swiss………
Blossom—apple……..
Afraid—dark……….

CASE No. 6511.—U.B. Maniacal attack. Persistent use of particles oh, me, I, none, etc.

Table—none……….. 6
Dark—red………….
Music—stock……….19
Sickness—rose……..19
Man—Frank…………17
Deep—blue…………
Soft—pillow……….
Eating—no…………12
Mountain—oyster……11
House—mercy……….19
Black—mother………19
Mutton—me………… 6
Comfort—home………
Hand—mother……….15
Short—me…………. 6
Fruit—me…………. 5
Butterfly—it………12
Smooth—oh…………12
Command—none……… 6
Chair—none……….. 5
Sweet—for…………12
Whistle—bird………
Woman—I………….. 6
Cold—I…………… 5
Slow—me…………..
Wish—none………… 2
River—are…………12
White—wife………..10
Beautiful—Alma…….17
Window—Stephen…….19
Rough—Rudolphia……10
Citizen—father…….17
Foot—Anthon……….19
Spider—reverend……19
Needle—pine……….17

Red—brother……….19
Sleep—Adam………..19
Anger—I………….. 6
Carpet—home……….
Girl—Agatha……….17
High—niece………..13
Working—I………… 6
Sour—I…………… 5
Earth—I………….. 5
Trouble—I………… 5
Soldier—father…….15
Cabbage—hail………19
Hard—me…………..12
Eagle—I………….. 6
Stomach—I………… 5
Stem—life…………
Lamp—Lambert………10
Dream—I………….. 6
Yellow—I…………. 5
Bread—I………….. 5
Justice—I………… 5
Boy—just………….13
Light—picture……..19
Health—cook……….19
Bible—beads……….17
Memory—Dick……….19
Sheep—to………….12
Bath—none…………
Cottage—home………
Swift—lazy………..
Blue—Nell…………19
Hungry—I………….
Priest—I…………. 5
Ocean—I………….. 5
Head—home………… 6
Stove—home………..
Long—short………..
Religion—none……..
Whiskey—none………
Child—Sylvester……17
Bitter—I…………. 6
Hammer—my…………12
Thirsty—no……….. 6
City—no………….. 5
Square—Ben………..19
Butter—I…………. 6
Doctor—I…………. 5
Loud—bell…………
Thief—iron………..19
Lion—I…………… 6
Joy—I……………. 5
Bed—I……………. 5
Heavy—I………….. 5
Tobacco—I………… 5
Baby—I…………… 5
Moon—will…………12
Scissors—beads…….15
Quiet—nerves………19
Green—I………….. 6
Salt—I…………… 5
Street—Peter………17
King—I…………… 6
Cheese—I…………. 5
Blossom—I………… 5
Afraid—no…………

CASE No. 4427.—A.R. Maniacal attack. Unusual number of doubtful reactions; 46 individual reactions of which 9 are classed as normal; 29 are unclassified, some seemingly incoherent.

Table—Chicago……..19
Dark—Montreal……..18
Music—Mississippi….18
Sickness—flowers…..19
Man—ocean…………19
Deep—medicines…….19
Soft—accidental……19
Eating—vaccination…19
Mountain—evergreens..17
House—caves……….19
Black—station……..19
Mutton—operations….19
Comfort—money……..
Hand—bandages……..10
Short—soldiers…….19
Fruit—dictionary…..19
Butterfly—storehouse.19
Smooth—vegetables….18
Command—Bible……..
Chair—histories……14
Sweet—farewells……19
Whistle—ammunition…19
Woman—foreign……..19
Cold—armory……….19
Slow—St. Petersburg..19
Wish—wealth……….
River—revenue……..10
White—purity………
Beautiful—colonial…19
Window—shutters……
Rough—planes……… 2
Citizen—naturalization
Foot—carriage……..19
Spider—remedies……19
Needle—canoe………19
Red—refreshments…..10
Sleep—restfulness…. 2
Anger—usefulness….. 9
Carpet—coach………19
Girl—finery……….19
High—fortifications..19
Working—materials….19
Sour—pickles………
Earth—gravitation…. 2
Trouble—graphophone..19
Soldier—guns………
Cabbage—children…..19
Hard—inheritance…..19
Eagle—feathers…….
Stomach—envelope…..19
Stem—roots………..
Lamp—oil………….
Dream—fairies……..17
Yellow—lemons…….. 2
Bread—jams………..17
Justice—repentance…17
Boy—clothes……….
Light—lanterns…….17
Health—joys………. 2
Bible—heaven………
Memory—head……….
Sheep—pastures…….
Bath—cleanliness…..
Cottage—home………
Swift—rapids……… 2
Blue—truth………..
Hungry—appetite……
Priest—saintliness…17
Ocean—ships……….
Head—intelligence….
Stove—woods………. 2
Long—trains………. 2
Religion—godliness… 2
Whiskey—drunkenness..
Child—joyfulness….. 2
Bitter—olives……..
Hammer—nuts……….
Thirsty—water……..
City—shopping……..
Square—monuments….. 2
Butter—crackers……17
Doctor—medicines…..
Loud—music………..
Thief—detectives….. 2
Lion—cages……….. 2
Joy—home………….
Bed—restfulness…… 2
Heavy—expressage…..17
Tobacco—cigars…….
Baby—carriage……..
Moon—light………..
Scissors—goods…….
Quiet—peacefulness…
Green—vegetables…..
Salt—water………..
Street—stones……..
King—crown………..
Cheese—knife………
Blossom—plants……. 2
Afraid—enemies…….17

CASE No. 6457.—C.G. Depressive attack. 36 individual reactions of which 9 are classed as normal and 20 as unclassified; among the latter several seem to be incoherent

Table—fish………..17
Dark—boat…………
Music—water……….18
Sickness—tank……..18
Man—horse…………
Deep—ocean………..
Soft—egg………….
Eating—beans………17
Mountain—grass…….
House—roof………..
Black—bath………..10
Mutton—butcher…….
Comfort—cigar……..17
Hand—shoes………..19
Short—baseball…….19
Fruit—orange………
Butterfly—elephant…19
Smooth—glass………
Command—general……
Chair—kitchen……..17
Sweet—cake………..17
Whistle—bird………
Woman—door………..19
Cold—ice………….
Slow—cat………….19
Wish—bed………….19
River—trout……….17
White—paint……….
Beautiful—monkey…..19
Window—bars……….
Rough—rowdy……….
Citizen—policeman….
Foot—fine………… 9
Spider—insect……..
Needle—sewing……..
Red—man………….. 9
Sleep—pond………..19
Anger—hatred………
Carpet—tacks………
Girl—floor………..13
High—mountain……..
Working—dog……….19
Sour—milk…………
Earth—mud…………
Trouble—radiator…..19
Soldier—cannon…….
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—wood…………
Eagle—quick……….19
Stomach—flesh……..
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—burn…………
Dream—thinking……. 1
Yellow—mice……….19
Bread—baker……….
Justice—equality…..
Boy—young…………
Light—green……….17
Health—art………..19
Bible—preacher…….
Memory—return……..19
Sheep—fold………..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—fleeting……. 2
Blue—dark…………
Hungry—thirst……..
Priest—elephant……15
Ocean—briny……….19
Head—hard…………
Stove—black……….
Long—grass………..
Religion—thinking…. 1
Whiskey—Kentucky…..
Child—carriage…….
Bitter—pickles…….
Hammer—nails………
Thirsty—wanting……
City—New York……..
Square—base……….17
Butter—cow………..
Doctor—carriage……
Loud—hall…………19
Thief—prison………
Lion—cage…………
Joy—automobile…….
Bed—iron………….
Heavy—lead………..
Tobacco—weed………
Baby—rocker……….
Moon—sky………….
Scissors—laundry…..19
Quiet—peaceful…….
Green—engine………19
Salt—grocer……….19
Street—Lincoln…….17
King—Spain………..
Cheese—baker………19
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—going……… 2

INVOLUTIONAL MELANCHOLIA; ALCOHOLIC DEMENTIA; SENILE DEMENTIA.

There are so few cases of these psychoses in our series that we can say but little concerning their associational disorders.

In Table V. we show all the types of reactions given by each subject.

We have not observed in our cases of involutional melancholia any undue tendency to give individual reactions. The records are either perfectly normal or slightly abnormal in that they show an increase of the non-specific (common) reactions. In this respect they resemble strongly the records obtained from some cases of manic-depressive insanity. This similarity is of interest in connection with other evidence, recently brought to light, [1] showing that involutional melancholia is closely related to manic-depressive insanity, if not identical with it.

[Footnote 1: G. L. Dreyfus. Die Melancholic ein Zustandsbild des manisch-depressiven Irreseins. 1907.]

TABLE V.
+———————————-+————————-+—————-+
| Involutional | Alcoholic | Senile |
| Melancholia | Dementia | Dementia |
+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 0| | | | | |
| 6| 4| 5| 6| 6| 6| 4| 5| 5| 6| 5| 6| 1| 6| 6| 5| 6| 5|
Case No.—| 2| 8| 7| 4| 3| 0| 8| 6| 2| 3| 9| 4| 0| 4| 4| 8| 5| 7|
TYPES OF REACTION | 0| 1| 1| 8| 6| 7| 1| 3| 9| 6| 6| 6| 0| 1| 7| 3| 3| 8|
| 7| 8| 9| 0| 8| 7| 2| 5| 8| 9| 7| 9| 9| 8| 1| 7| 3| 8|
+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+
Common reactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Specific reactions…………….|86|92|79|92|83|86|83|78|90|79|75|77|80|46|72|71|82|77|
Non-specific reactions…………|13| 2|12| 1| 9| 4| 6| 6| 3|11|10| 8| 3| 8|16| 8|..| 3|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Doubtful reactions…………….| 1| 2| 4| 1| 1| 2| 2| 3| 1| 2| 5| 3| 3| 7|..| 6|..|..|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Individual reactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Normal reactions………………|..| 2| 1| 4|..| 3| 1| 6| 5| 4| 3| 4| 3|14| 2| 4| 8| 3|
Derivatives of stimulus words…..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 1|..|
Non-specific Reactions…………|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 2|..|..|
Sound reactions (words)………..|..|..|..| 1|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Sound reactions (neologisms)……|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Word complements………………|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Particles of speech……………|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 1|..|..|..|..|..| 5| 1| 2|..| 1|
Association to preceding stimulus.|..|..|..|..| 1|..| 1|..|..|..| 2|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|
Association to preceding reaction.|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 3|
Repetition of preceding stimulus..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|
Repetition of previous stimulus…|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|
Repetition of preceding reaction..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..| 2|
Repetition of previous reaction…|..|..|..|..| 1|..| 1|..| 1|..|..|..| 2| 1| 2| 3| 1| 2|
Reaction repeated five times……|..|..|..|..| 4|..|..|..|..| 2| 2| 4|..| 4|..|..|..| 3|
Neologisms without sound relation.|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Unclassified………………….|..| 2| 4|..| 1| 3| 1| 6|..| 2| 3| 4| 8|14| 6| 2| 8| 5|
+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+
Total individual reactions 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 6 8 10 12 14 39 12 15 18 20

CASE No. 4818.—S.M. Normal record.

Table—wood………….
Dark—black………….
Music—noise…………
Sickness—illness…….
Man—being…………..
Deep—depth………….
Soft—mushy………….
Eating—devouring…….
Mountain—hill……….
House—residence……..
Black—color…………
Mutton—meat…………
Comfort—luxury………
Hand—body…………..
Short—abrupt………..19
Fruit—oranges……….
Butterfly—insect…….
Smooth—even…………
Command—order……….
Chair—article………. 1
Sweet—taste…………
Whistle—noise……….
Woman—sex…………..
Cold—temperature…….
Slow—dull…………..
Wish—desire…………
River—water…………
White—color…………
Beautiful—sky……….
Window—glass………..
Rough—uneven………..
Citizen—representative.17
Foot—end……………19
Spider—insect……….
Needle—instrument……
Red—color…………..
Sleep—repose………..
Anger—temper………..
Carpet—rug………….
Girl—sex……………
High—elevation………
Working—employment…..
Sour—bitter…………
Earth—clay………….
Trouble—anxiety……..
Soldier—military…….
Cabbage—vegetable……
Hard—substance………
Eagle—bird………….
Stomach—body………..
Stem—flower…………
Lamp—light………….
Dream—imagination……
Yellow—color………..
Bread—wheat…………
Justice—credit………17
Boy—child…………..
Light—sun…………..
Health—condition…….
Bible—book………….
Memory—remembrance…..
Sheep—lamb………….
Bath—bathing………..
Cottage—house……….
Swift—rapid…………
Blue—color………….
Hungry—desire……….
Priest—minister……..
Ocean—water…………
Head—body…………..
Stove—fire………….
Long—distance……….
Religion—creed………
Whiskey—liquor………
Child—infant………..
Bitter—sour…………
Hammer—tool…………
Thirsty—dry…………
City—town…………..
Square—block………..
Butter—food…………
Doctor—physician…….
Loud—noisy………….
Thief—burglar……….
Lion—animal…………
Joy—happiness………. 1
Bed—cot…………….
Heavy—weight………..
Tobacco—weed………..
Baby—infant…………
Moon—light………….
Scissors—instrument….
Quiet—noiseless……..
Green—color…………
Salt—seasoning………
Street—block………..
King—ruler………….
Cheese—food…………
Blossom—flower………
Afraid—fear…………

CASE No. 6207.—T.S. No individual reactions; 13 non-specific reactions.

Table—furniture……
Dark—color………..
Music—fiddle………
Sickness—bed………
Man—person……….. 1
Deep—water………..
Soft—pliable………
Eating—cake……….
Mountain—high……..
House—bricks………
Black—color……….
Mutton—meat……….
Comfort—easy………
Hand—limb…………
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—vegetable……
Butterfly—insect…..
Smooth—level………
Command—control……
Chair—sit…………
Sweet—nice……….. 1
Whistle—noise……..
Woman—person……… 1
Cold—atmosphere……
Slow—easy…………
Wish—something…….
River—stream………
White—color……….
Beautiful—nice……. 1
Window—glass………
Rough—unpleasant….. 1
Citizen—person……. 1
Foot—limb…………
Spider—insect……..
Needle—instrument….
Red—color…………
Sleep—bed…………
Anger—irritable……
Carpet—rug………..
Girl—person………. 1
High—elevation…….
Working—try………. 2
Sour—bitter……….
Earth—sand………..
Trouble—anxiety……
Soldier—person……. 1
Cabbage—plant……..
Hard—stone………..
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—person……. 1
Stem—apple………..
Lamp—light………..
Dream—sleep……….
Yellow—color………
Bread—flour……….
Justice—Equal……..
Boy—child…………
Light—gas…………
Health—doctor……..
Bible—Scripture……
Memory—thought……. 1
Sheep—animal………
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—quick……….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—want……….
Priest—preach……..
Ocean—water……….
Head—person………. 1
Stove—heat………..
Long—length……….
Religion—belief……
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—person……… 1
Bitter—sour……….
Hammer—tool……….
Thirsty—dry……….
City—place………..
Square—shape………
Butter—eat………..
Doctor—physician…..
Loud—hear…………
Thief—steal……….
Lion—animal……….
Joy—glad………….
Bed—sleep…………
Heavy—weight………
Tobacco—plant……..
Baby—child………..
Moon—light………..
Scissors—tool……..
Quiet—rest………..
Green—color……….
Salt—spice………..
Street—place………
King—ruler………..
Cheese—eat………..
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—hide……….

CASE No. 5719.—A.W.S. 5 individual reactions; 12 non-specific reactions.

Table—stand……….
Dark—color………..
Music—happy………. 1
Sickness—ill………
Man—human…………
Deep—thought……… 1
Soft—touch………..
Eating—appetite……
Mountain—ground……
House—shelter……..
Black—color……….
Mutton—lamb……….
Comfort—warm………
Hand—touch………..
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—taste……….
Butterfly—beauty….. 1
Smooth—level………
Command—obey………
Chair—rest………..
Sweet—good………..
Whistle—noise……..
Woman—female………
Cold—chilled……… 2
Slow—move…………
Wish—think……….. 1
River—water……….
White—color……….
Beautiful—nice……. 1
Window—glass………
Rough—push………..
Citizen—man………. 1
Foot—body…………
Spider—insect……..
Needle—pointed…….
Red—blood…………
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—riled……….
Carpet—covering……
Girl—child………..
High—air………….
Working—ambitious….
Sour—taste………..
Earth—ground………
Trouble—thought…… 1
Soldier—command……
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—blow…………17
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—body………
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—light………..
Dream—thought…….. 1
Yellow—purple……..
Bread—food………..
Justice—law……….
Boy—male………….
Light—lamp………..
Health—soul……….19
Bible—Scriptures…..
Memory—thought……. 1
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—cleanness…….
Cottage—house……..
Swift—quick……….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—appetite……
Priest—scholar……. 2
Ocean—water……….
Head—brains……….
Stove—heat………..
Long—measurement….. 2
Religion—good…….. 1
Whiskey—alcohol……
Child—baby………..
Bitter—taste………
Hammer—knock………
Thirsty—water……..
City—New York……..
Square—box………..
Butter—milk……….
Doctor—help……….
Loud—noise………..
Thief—burglar……..
Lion—animal……….
Joy—well………….19
Bed—rest………….
Heavy—load………..
Tobacco—nicotine…..
Baby—joy………….
Moon—light………..
Scissors—cutting…..
Quiet—rest………..
Green—color……….
Salt—sand…………19
Street—crossing…… 2
King—ruler………..
Cheese—luxury……..19
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—fright……..

CASE No. 5635. J.D. 13 individual reactions, of which 6 are classed as normal, 1 particle, 6 unclassified, mostly obviously normal.

Table—eating………
Dark—night………..
Music—amusement……
Sickness—distress….
Man—working……….
Deep—sorrow……….
Soft—easy…………
Eating—supper……..17
Mountain—pleasure…. 1
House—home………..
Black—grief……….19
Mutton—butchers…… 2
Comfort—home………
Hand—shake………..
Short—baseball…….19
Fruit—eating………
Butterfly—field……
Smooth—soft……….
Command—oblige…….17
Chair—seat………..
Sweet—flowers……..
Whistle—fire………
Woman—home………..
Cold—winter……….
Slow—easy…………
Wish—home…………
River—dock………..17
Whiter—day………..
Beautiful—handsome…
Window—glass………
Rough—wagon……….19
Citizen—voter……..
Foot—walking………
Spider—web………..
Needle—sticking……19
Red—danger………..
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—right……….19
Carpet—house………
Girl—out………….12
High—air………….
Working—labor……..
Sour—bitter……….
Earth—ground………
Trouble—worry……..
Soldier—man………. 1
Cabbage—farmer……. 2
Hard—bath…………19
Eagle—birds……….
Stomach—body………
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—burn…………
Dream—thinking……. 1
Yellow—color………
Bread—eating………
Justice—peace……..
Boy—soldier……….17
Light—day…………
Health—happy……… 1
Bible—books……….
Memory—good………. 1
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—washing………
Cottage—house……..
Swift—quick……….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—eating……..
Priest—church……..
Ocean—bathing……..
Head—mind…………
Stove—fire………..
Long—hours………..
Religion—church……
Whiskey—drinking…..
Child—home………..
Bitter—sour……….
Hammer—working…….
Thirsty—dry……….
City—New York……..
Square—block………
Butter—cow………..
Doctor—hospital……
Loud—speaking…….. 2
Thief—sentence…….17
Lion—animal……….
Joy—pleasure……… 1
Bed—sleeping………
Heavy—weight………
Tobacco—smoking……
Baby—home…………
Moon—night………..
Scissors—cutting…..
Quiet—alone……….
Green—color……….
Salt—eating……….
Street—walking…….
King—William………17
Cheese—milk……….
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—fright……..

Our cases of alcoholic dementia are clinically without evidences of disturbance of flow of thought. The dementia consists mainly in impairment or loss of the power of retention, with resulting amnesia for recent occurrences, and temporal disorientation. The records are either normal or show but slight departures from normal.

CASE No. 6369.—J.S. Slight deterioration.

Table—eat…………
Dark—night………..
Music—enjoyment……
Sickness—sadness…..
Man—work…………. 1
Deep—hole…………
Soft—feathers……..
Eating—appetite……
Mountain—hill……..
House—live………..
Black—dark………..
Mutton—eat………..
Comfort—pleasant….. 1
Hand—work………… 1
Short—story……….
Fruit—eat…………
Butterfly—annoyance.. 6
Smooth—iron……….
Command—officer……
Chair—sit…………
Sweet—nice……….. 1
Whistle—pleasure….. 1
Woman—pleasure……. 1
Cold—annoyance……. 6
Slow—car………….
Wish—like…………
River—water……….
White—sack………..17
Beautiful—house……17
Window—look……….
Rough—unpleasant….. 1
Citizen—man………. 1
Foot—walk…………
Spider—annoyance…..
Needle—sticking……19
Red—color…………
Sleep—happy………. 1
Anger—annoyance……
Carpet—walk……….
Girl—school……….
High—skies………..
Working—labor……..
Sour—lemon………..
Earth—walk………..
Trouble—annoyance….
Soldier—army………
Cabbage—eat……….
Hard—stone………..
Eagle—fly…………
Stomach—victuals…..17
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—burn…………
Dream—sleep……….
Yellow—orange……..
Bread—eat…………
Justice—person……. 1
Boy—school………..
Light—see…………
Health—comfort…….
Bible—read………..
Memory—recollection..
Sheep—eat…………
Bath—cleanness…….
Cottage—live………
Swift—go………….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—eat………..
Priest—confession….
Ocean—vessels…….. 2
Head—knowledge…….
Stove—burn………..
Long—time…………
Religion—faith…….
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—infant………
Bitter—unkind……..17
Hammer—nail……….
Thirsty—dry……….
City—inhabitants…..

Square—brick………
Butter—eat………..
Doctor—cure……….
Loud—noise………..
Thief—steal……….
Lion—animal……….
Joy—happiness…….. 1
Bed—lay…………..
Heavy—feeling…….. 2
Tobacco—chew………
Baby—nurse………..
Moon—bright……….
Scissors—cut………
Quiet—ease………..
Green—flower………
Salt—taste………..
Street—walking…….
King—control………19
Cheese—eat………..
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—nervousness…

CASE No. 6418.—J.R. Marked deterioration.

Table—mahogany…….
Dark—dawn…………17
Music—harp………..17
Sickness—none…….. 6
Man—white…………19
Deep—unfathomable…. 2
Soft—silken………. 2
Eating—good………. 1
Mountain—high……..
House—place……….
Black—color……….
Mutton—cooked……..17
Comfort—rest………
Hand—clasp………..19
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—apples………
Butterfly—buttercups. 2
Smooth—iron……….
Command—home………19
Chair—ebony……….19
Sweet—potatoes…….17
Whistle—song………
Woman—pretty……… 1
Cold—depressed…….19
Slow—process………17
Wish—home…………
River—Mississippi….
White—wings……….17
Beautiful—palace…..19
Window—clear………
Rough—no………….12
Citizen—patriot……
Foot—heath………..19
Spider—none………. 5
Needle—darning…….
Red—apples………..
Sleep—plenty………
Anger—mistake……..17
Carpet—floor………
Girl—pretty………. 1
High—ordinary……..19
Working—eight……..12
Sour—nonsense……..19
Earth—fruits……… 2
Trouble—little…….
Soldier—patriot……
Cabbage—garden…….
Hard—wood…………
Eagle—high………..

Stomach—leave……..19
Stem—stalk………..
Lamp—kerosene……..
Dream—happy………. 1
Yellow—aster………17
Bread—white……….
Justice—right……..
Boy—white…………15
Light—white……….
Health—good………. 1
Bible—puzzled……..19
Memory—bad……….. 1
Sheep—cheviot……..17
Bath—marble……….17
Cottage—story……..17
Swift—fast………..
Blue—waist………..17
Hungry—not……….. 2
Priest—confessor…..
Ocean—Pacific……..17
Head—oval…………19
Stove—polish………
Long—forever………12
Religion—Protestant..
Whiskey—none………
Child—none……….. 5
Bitter—sweet………
Hammer—no…………12
Thirsty—no……….. 5
City—New York……..
Square—compass…….
Butter—sweet………
Doctor—cure……….
Loud—quietly……… 2
Thief—jail………..
Lion—brave,……….
Joy—peacefulness….. 2
Bed—good…………. 1
Heavy—no………….
Tobacco—yes……….12
Baby—none………… 6
Moon—shines……….
Scissors—uncut……. 2
Quiet—peaceful…….
Green—grass……….
Salt—water………..
Street—Queen………17
King—unknown………19
Cheese—Stilton…….17
Blossom—cherry…….
Afraid—not………..

We reproduce in full the record obtained from one of our cases of senile dementia.

CASE No. 5788.—E.S.

Table—cat………… 6
Dark—night………..
Music—cat………… 2
Sickness—cat……… 6
Man—mouse…………18
Deep—well…………
Soft—sack…………19
Eating—well……….
Mountain—hill……..
House—castle………
Black—dog…………
Mutton—sheep………
Comfort—lamb………13
Hand—chicken………18
Short—light……….19
Fruit—apple……….
Butterfly—fly……..
Smooth—iron……….
Command—obey………
Chair—stool……….
Sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—lump………18
Woman—man………… 1
Cold—shiver……….
Slow—cold………… 7
Wish—push…………19
River—pond………..
White—cat…………
Beautiful—cat…….. 6
Window—glass………
Rough—fight……….19
Citizen—tough……..
Foot—shoe…………
Spider—clock………19
Needle—pin………..
Red—white…………
Sleep—eyes………..
Anger—mad…………
Carpet—cloth………
Girl—boy………….
High—low………….
Working—sewing…….
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—clay………..
Trouble—child……..13
Soldier—man………. 1
Cabbage—spinach……
Hard—cat…………. 6
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—belly……..
Stem—pike…………17
Lamp—globe………..
Dream—eyes………..
Yellow—flower……..
Bread—flour……….
Justice—fight……..
Boy—cat………….. 6
Light—lamp………..
Health—cough………17
Bible—book………..
Memory—mind……….
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—quick……….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—eat………..
Priest—clergyman…..
Ocean—river……….
Head—life…………
Stove—fire………..
Long—short………..
Religion—Catholic….
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—boy…………
Bitter—sweet………
Hammer—noise………
Thirsty—drink……..
City—New York……..
Square—Marion……..17
Butter—cow………..
Doctor—W………….17
Loud—noise………..
Thief—steals………
Lion—heart………..
Joy—happy………… 1
Bed—mattress………
Heavy—lead………..
Tobacco—smoke……..
Baby—boy………….
Moon—shine………..
Scissors—cut………
Quiet—noisy……….
Green—color……….
Salt—bitter……….
Street—place………
King—rule…………
Cheese—taste………
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—trouble…….