FOOTNOTES:
[1] The Russia, or Muscovy Company, chartered as a company of Merchant Adventurers in 1554, received from King James in 1613 an additional charter giving them the exclusive rights to the whale fishery of Greenland. For the subsequent career of this Company and their struggles with the Dutch for the possession of the Greenland trade, see Cawston and Keane, Early Chartered Companies, pp. 45-52.
[2] In 1613 the Muscovy Company set up the King's arms at Spitzbergen, calling it King James's Newland. (Anderson, Origin of Commerce, ii, 343.) In vol. iv of the Transactions of the American Antiquarian Society is printed from the original manuscript the Narrative of a Voyage to Spitzbergen, being "A Brief Description of the Country of Greenland, otherwise called King James his New Land." The rise of the Muscovy Company and its participation in the Greenland trade is carefully treated by Dr. S. F. Haven in the introduction to the Narrative. This recently discovered land was Spitzbergen and not Greenland proper.
[1617, December 23.]
[Banishing Notorious Offenders to Virginia.]
BY THE KING.
A Proclamation for the better and more peaceable government of the middle Shires of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmerland.
[A long proclamation for the prevention of disorders and outrages in certain shires, requiring that no person shall lease lands and tenements without sufficient surety, that all persons shall assist in the pursuit of criminals, that notorious offenders shall not receive bail except in open court, that care shall be exercised in the granting of licenses to "hostler houses and malsters," that known malefactors shall not be countenanced "by wearing of their liveries or any other dependance," that the families of offenders who have been banished shall be sent to join the fugitives, that all outlaws shall yield themselves up to the law and shall not be sheltered, that for the prevention of cattle stealing no beef shall be sold in any fair or market without the hide, that all horses, sheep and cattle shall be sold only in open fair or market, that notorious offenders shall be sent to Virginia and other foreign parts, that the use of weapons and horses be forbidden except to noblemen and gentlemen, that the overlords shall require sufficient bonds of their tenants, and that offenders shall be remanded to the place where their offense was committed. Only the paragraph regarding America is quoted.]
Item, for the more speedy suppressing, and freeing the said Countreis and places of notorious and wicked offenders that will not be reformed, but by severity of punishment; Wee have taken order for the making out a Commission to speciall Commissioners, to survey, search and finde out, and enforme Us of the most notorious and lewd persons, and of their faults, within the said Counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmerland, Riddesdale, and Bewcastle within the same: And We hereby signifie our pleasure to be upon Certificate of the said Commissioners, to send the most notorious ill livers, and misbehaved persons of them that shall so be certified, into Virginia, or to some other remote parts to serve in the Warres, or in Colonies, that they may no more infect the places where they abide within this our Realme.
* * * * * * *
Given at Our Pallace of Westminister, the three and twentieth day of December, in the fifteenth yeere of Our Raigne of Great Britaine, France and Ireland. Anno 1617.
God Save the King.
Imprinted at London by Bonham Norton and John Bill, Deputies and Assignes of Robert Barker, Printer to the Kings most Excellent Majestie. Anno M.DC.XVII.
4 pp. folio. Copies in Antiq., I. T., P. C., P. R. O., and Q. C. Entered on Patent Rolls; entered in Privy Council Register (Scotland), xi, 288.
[1618, June 9.]
[Censuring Sir Walter Raleigh for sacking St. Thomas.]
BY THE KING.
A Proclamation declaring His Majesties pleasure concerning Sir Walter Rawleigh, and those who adventured with him.
Whereas We gave Licence to Sir Walter Rawleigh,[1] Knight, and others of Our Subjects with him, to undertake a Voyage to the Countrey of Guyana, where they pretended great hopes and probabilities to make discovery of certain Gold Mines, for the lawfull enriching of themselves, and these Our Kingdoms: Wherein We did by expresse limitation and Caution restraine, and forbid them and every of them, from attempting any Acte of hostility, wrong, or violence whatsoever, upon any of the Territories, States, or Subjects of any forraine Princes, with whom Wee are in amitie: And more peculiarly of those of Our deare Brother the King of Spaine, in respect of his Dominions and Interests in that Continent. All which notwithstanding, We are since informed by a common fame, that they, or some of them have, by an hostile invasion of the Towne of S. Thome (being under the obedience of Our said deare Brother the King of Spaine) and by killing of divers of the inhabitants thereof, his Subjects, and after by sacking and burning of the said towne, (as much as in them for their owne parts lay) malitiously broken and infringed the Peace and Amitie, which hath beene so happily established, and so long inviolably continued betweene Us and the Subjects of both our Crownes.
Wee have therefore held it fit, as appertaining neerely to Our Royall Justice and Honor, eftsoones to make a publique declaration of Our owne utter mislike and detestation of the said insolences, and excesses, if any such have beene by any of Our Subjects committed: And for the better detection and clearing of the very trueth of the said common fame; Wee doe heereby straitly charge and require all Our Subjects whatsoever, that have any particular understanding and notice thereof, upon their duety and alleagiance which they owe Us, immediately after publication of this Our pleasure, to repaire unto some of Our Privy Counsell, and to discover and make knowne unto them their whole knowledge and understanding concerning the same, under paine of Our High displeasure and indignation; that Wee may thereupon proceede in Our Princely Justice to the exemplary punishment and coertion of all such, as shal be convicted and found guilty of so scandalous and enormous outrages.
Given at Our Mannor of Greenwich, the ninth day of June, in the sixteenth yeere of Our Raigne of England, France and Ireland, and of Scotland the one and Fiftieth.
God save the King.
Imprinted at London by Bonham Norton, and John Bill, deputie Printers for the Kings most Excellent Majestie. Anno M.DC.XVIII.
1 p. folio. Copies in Antiq., B. M., I. T., P. C., P. R. O., and Q. C. Entered on Patent Rolls. Printed in Rymer's "Fœdera," xvii, 92, where it is dated June 11, 1618.