FOOTNOTES:
[1] Zunz, Gesammelte Schriften, I., 42.
[2] G. Scherr, Allgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur, I., p. 62.
[3] F. Freiligrath, Die Bilderbibel.
[4] D. Cassel, Lehrbuch der jüdischen Geschichte und Literatur, p. 198.
[5] Heine, Romanzero, Jehuda ben Halevy.
[6] F. Delitzsch, Zur Geschichte der jüdischen Poesie, p. 165.
[7] Heine, l. c.
[8] Heine, l. c.
[9] M. J. Schleiden, Die Bedeutung der Juden für die Erhaltung der Wissenschaften im Mittelalter, p. 37.
[10] Ezek. xxiii. 4. [Tr.]
[11] Ad. Jellinek, Der jüdische Stamm, p. 195.
[12] "Makama (plural, Makamat), the Arabic word for a place where people congregate to discuss public affairs, came to be used as the name of a form of poetry midway between the epic and the drama." (Karpeles, Geschichte der jüdischen Literatur, vol. II., p. 693.) The most famous Arabic poet of Makamat was Hariri of Bassora, and the most famous Jewish, Yehuda Charisi. See above, p. 32, and p. 211 [Tr.]
[13] Hirt, Bibliothek, V., p. 43.
[14] Midrash Echah, I., 5; Mishna, Rosh Hashana, chap. II.
[15] Cmp. Wünsche, Die Haggada des jerusalemischen Talmud, and the same author's great work, Die Haggada des babylonischen Talmud, IL; also W. Bacher, Die Agada der Tannaiten, Die Agada der babylonischen Amoräer, and Die Agada der palästinensischen Amoräer, Vol. I.
[16] M. Sachs, Stimmen vom Jordan und Euphrat.
[17] Emanuel Deutsch, "Literary Remains," p. 45.
[18] Address at the dedication of the new meeting-house of the Independent Order B'nai B'rith, at Berlin.
[19] Numbers, xxi. 17, 18.
[20] Psalm cxxxiii.
[21] M. J. Schleiden: Die Bedeutung der Juden für die Erhaltung der Wissenschaften im Mittelalter, p. 7.
[22] Moed Katan, 26a.
[23] Cmp. "Israel's Quest in Africa," pp. 257-258
[24] Cmp. Gutmann, Die Religiousphilosophie des Saâdja.
[25] M. Hess, Rom und Jerusalem, p. 2.
[26] Midrash Yalkut on Proverbs.
[27] Berachoth, 10a.
[28] Baba Metsiah, 59a.
[29] Sota, 20a.
[30] Berachoth, 51b.
[31] Cmp. W. Bacher in Frankel-Graetz Monatsschrift, Vol. XX., p. 186.
[32] Cmp. E. David, Sara Copia Sullam, une héroïne juive au XVII^e siècle.
[33] For the following, compare Kayserling, Sephardim, p. 250 ff.
[34] Cmp. Rahel, ein Buch des Andenkens für ihre Freunde, Vol. I., p. 43.
[35] By Julius Rodenberg.
[36] Ritter, Geschichte der christlichen Philosophie, Vol. I., p. 610 ff.
[37] Joel, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie, Vol. II., p. 9.
[38] Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, Vol. VI., p. 298 f.
[39] "The Guide of the Perplexed," the English translation, consulted in this work, was made by M. Friedländer, Ph. D., (London, Trübner & Co., 1885). [Tr.]
[40] Joel, l. c.
[41] Cmp. Kayserling, Sephardim, p. 23 ff.
[42] Translation by Ticknor. [Tr.]
[43] Cmp. F. Wolf, Studien zur Geschichte der spanischen Nationalliteratur, p. 236 ff.
[44] Cmp. Kayserling, l. c. p. 85 ff.
[45] Livius Fürst in Illustrirte Monatshefte für die gesammten Interessen des Judenthums, Vol. I., p. 14 ff. Cmp. also, Hagen, Minnesänger, Vol. II., p. 258, Vol. IV., p. 536 ff., and W. Goldbaum, Entlegene Culturen, p. 275 ff.
[46] Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, Vol. VI., p. 257.
[47] For Gabirol, cmp. A. Geiger, Salomon Gabirol, and M. Sachs, Die religiöse Poesie der Juden in Spanien.
[48] H. Heine, Romanzero.
[49] Translation by Emma Lazarus. [Tr.]
[50] See note, p. 34. [Tr.]
[51] J. Schor in He-Chaluz, Vol. IV., p. 154 ff.
[52] S. Stein in Freitagabend, p. 645 ff.
[53] H. A. Meisel, Der Prüfstein des Kalonymos.
[54] Livius Fürst in Illustrirte Monatshefte, Vol. I., p. 105 ff.
[55] Aboda Sara 18b.
[56] Midrash on Lamentations, ch. 3, v. 13 ff.
[57] Jerusalem Talmud, Berachoth, 9.
[58] Cmp. Berliner, Yesod Olam, das älteste bekannte dramatische Gedicht in hebräischer Sprache.
[59] Delitzsch, Zur Geschichte der jüdischen Poesie, p. 88.
[60] Jellinek, Der jüdische Stamm, p. 64.
[61] Aristotle, Hist. Anim., 8, 28. Nicephorus Gregoras, Hist. Byzant., p. 805.
[62] Isaiah xi. 11-16.
[63] Jeremiah xxxi. 8-9.
[64] Isaiah xlix. 9 and xxvii. 13.
[65] Ezekiel xxxvii. 16-17.
[66] Cmp. Spiegel, Die Alexandersagen bei den Orientalen.
[67] Cmp. A. Epstein, Eldad ha-Dani, p. x.
[68] Rüppell, Reisen in Nubien, p. 416.
[69] Cmp. Epstein, l. c., p. 141.
[70] Alliance Report for 1868.
[71] Halévy, Les prières des Falashas, Introduction.
[72] Cmp. Edelmann, Gedulath Shaul, Introduction.
[73] Cmp. H. Goldbaum, Entlegene Culturen, p. 299 ff.
[74] Woschod, 1889, No. 10 ff.
[75] Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, IX., p. 480.
[76] Ezekiel xxxvii. 1-11.
[77] J. G. Herder.
[78] M. Kayserling: Moses Mendelssohn, and L. Geiger, Geschichte der Juden in Berlin, II.
[79] Lessing, Gesammelte Schriften, Vol. XII., p. 247.
[80] Mendelssohn, Gesammelte Schriften, Vol. IV^2, 68 ff.
[81] Hensel, Die Familie Mendelssohn, Vol. I., p. 86.
[82] Cmp. I. Heinemann, Moses Mendelssohn, p. 21.
[83] Cmp. Buker and Caro, Vor hundert Jahren, p. 123.
[84] Address delivered at the installation of the Leopold Zunz Lodge at Berlin.
[85] In Sippurim, I., 165 ff.
[86] Administrators of the secular affairs of Jewish congregations. [Tr.]
[87] Compassion, charity. [Tr.]
[88] Talmudical dialectics. [Tr.]
[89] Cmp. Strodtmann: H. Heine, Vol. I., p. 316.
[90] Zunz, Gesammelte Schriften, Vol. I., p. 3 ff.
[91] Ibid., p. 301.
[92] Ibid., p. 310.
[93] Ibid., p. 316.
[94] Ibid., p. 133.
[95] Cmp. Memoiren in his Collected Works, Vol. VI., p. 375 ff.
[96] Ludwig Kalisch, Pariser Skizzen, p. 331.
[97] Collected Works, Vol. IV., p. 227.
[98] Ibid., Vol. III., p. 13.
[99] Ibid., Vol. IV., p. 257 ff.
[100] Ibid., Vol. VIII., p. 390 ff.
[101] Ibid., Vol. I., p. 196.
[102] Vol. II., p. 110. Cmp. Frauenstädt, A. Schopenhauer, p. 467 ff.
[103] Collected Works, Vol. VII., p. 255 ff.
[104] Alfred Meissner, Heinrich Heine, p. 138 ff.
[105] Ludwig Kalisch, Pariser Skizzen, p. 334.
[106] Collected Works, Vol. VII., 473 ff.
[107] Address at the celebration of Herr Lewandowski's fiftieth anniversary as director of music.
[108] Yoma, 38a.
[109] Cmp. Fétis, Histoire générale de la Musique, Vol. I., p. 563 ff.