FOREWORD

Through the thoughtfulness of William J. Henderson I was asked to supply material for The Complete Opera Book, which was missing at the time of Mr. Kobbé's death.

In performing my share of the work it has been my endeavor to confine myself to facts, rather than to intrude with personal opinions upon a work which should stand as a monument to Mr. Kobbé's musical knowledge and convictions.

Katharine Wright.

New York, 1919.


[Contents]

PAGE
[Schools of Opera][1]
[Opera before Gluck][4]
[Christoph Willibald Gluck], 1714-1787
[Orpheus and Eurydice]
[Armide]
[Iphigenia in Tauris]
[8]
[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart], 1756-1791
[Marriage of Figaro]
[Don Giovanni]
[Magic Flute]
[21]
[Ludwig van Beethoven], 1770-1827
[Fidelio]
[54]
[Carl Maria von Weber], 1786-1826
[Freischütz]
[Euryanthe]
[Oberon]
[63]
[Why Some Operas are rarely given][77]
[From Weber to Wagner][79]
[Richard Wagner], 1813-1883
[Rienzi]
[Flying Dutchman]
[Tannhäuser]
[Lohengrin]
[Ring of the Nibelung]
[Rheingold][Walküre][Siegfried][Götterdämmerung]
[Tristan and Isolde]
[Meistersinger]
[Parsifal]
[81]
[Gioachino Antonio Rossini], 1792-1868
[Barber of Seville]
[Semiramide]
[William Tell]
[293]
[Vincenzo Bellini], 1802-1835
[Sonnambula]
[Norma]
[Puritani]
[318]
[Gaetano Donizetti], 1797-1848
[Elisire d'Amore]
[Lucrezia Borgia]
[Lucia di Lammermoor]
[Daughter of the Regiment]
[Favorita]
[Linda di Chamounix]
[Don Pasquale]
[334]
[Giuseppe Verdi], 1813-1901
[Ernani]
[Rigoletto]
[Trovatore]
[Traviata]
[Ballo in Maschera]
[376]
[Before and After “Ballo in Maschera”]
[Luisa Miller]
[Sicilian Vespers]
[Force of Destiny]
[Don Carlos]
[Aïda]
[Othello]
[Falstaff]
[433]
[Arrigo Boïto], 1842-
[Mephistopheles]
[Nero]
[474]
[Amilcare Ponchielli], 1834-1886
[Gioconda]
[481]
[French Opera][493]
[Méhul to Meyerbeer][495]
[Étienne Nicholas Méhul], 1763-1817
[Joseph]
[495]
[François Adrien Boieldieu], 1775-1834
[Caliph of Bagdad]
[Jean de Paris]
[Dame Blanche]
[495]
[Daniel François Esprit Auber], 1782-1871
[Masaniello]
[Fra Diavolo]
[496]
[Louis J.F. Hérold], 1791-1833
[Zampa]
[497]
[Adolphe Charles Adam], 1802-1856
[Postillion of Longumeau]
[497]
[Jacques François Fromental Élie Halévy], 1799-1862
[Juive]
[498]
[Giacomo Meyerbeer], 1791-1864
[Robert le Diable]
[Huguenots]
[Prophet]
[L'Africaine]
[Star of the North]
[Dinorah]
[499]
[Hector Berlioz], 1803-1869
[Benvenuto Cellini]
[Beatrice and Benedict]
[Trojans]
[Damnation of Faust]
[535]
[Friedrich von Flotow], 1812-1883
[Martha]
[546]
[Charles François Gounod], 1818-1893
[Faust]
[Romeo and Juliet]
[561]
[Ambroise Thomas], 1811-1896
[Mignon]
[Hamlet]
[580]
[Georges Bizet]
[Carmen]
[Pearl Fishers]
[Djamileh]
[586]
[Italian Opera Since Verdi][607]
[Pietro Mascagni], 1863-
[Cavalleria Rusticana]
[Maschere]
[Friend Fritz]
[Iris]
[Lodoletta]
[Isabeau]
[610]
[Ruggiero Leoncavallo], 1858-
[Pagliacci]
[627]
[Giacomo Puccini], 1858-
[Villi]
[Manon Lescaut]
[Bohème]
[Tosca]
[Madam Butterfly]
[Girl of the Golden West]
[Rondine]
[Sister Angelica]
[Tabarro]
[Gianni Schicchi]
[638]
[Riccardo Zandonai]
[Francesca da Rimini]
[680]
[Franco Leoni], 1864-
[L'Oracolo]
[Rip Van Winkle]
[Raggio di Luna]
[Ib and Little Christina]
[686]
[Italo Montemezzi], 1875-
[Love of Three Kings]
[Giovanni Gallurese]
[Hélléra]
[690]
[Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari], 1876-
[Jewels of the Madonna]
[Donne Curiose]
[Secret of Suzanne]
[Doctor Cupid]
[698]
[Umberto Giordano], 1867-
[Madame Sans-Gêne]
[André Chénier]
[Fedora]
[Siberia]
[707]
[Modern Italian Opera][715]
[Luigi Mancinelli]
[Ero e Leandro]
[715]
[Riccardo Zandonai]
[Conchita]
[716]
[Alberto Franchetti]
[Cristoforo Colombo]
[717]
[Luigi and Federico Ricci]
[Crispino e la Comare]
[718]
[Alfred Catalani]
[Loreley]
[719]
[Umberto Giordano]
[Fedora]
[720]
[Alberto Franchetti]
[Germania]
[721]
[Modern French Opera][723]
[Jacques Offenbach]
[Tales of Hoffmann]
[723]
[Delibes]
[Lakmé]
[724]
[Saint-Saëns]
[Samson et Dalila]
[725]
[Lalo]
[Roi d'Ys]
[727]
[Massenet]
[Grisélidis]
[Thaïs]
[Manon]
[Le Cid]
[Don Quichotte]
[Cinderella]
[Navarraise]
[Jongleur de Nôtre Dame]
[Werther]
[Hérodiade]
[Sapho]
[Cléopâtre]
[727]
[Gustave Charpentier]
[Louise]
[750]
[Reyer]
[Salammbô]
[752]
[Debussy]
[Pelléas and Mélisande]
[752]
[Pierre Louÿs]
[Aphrodite]
[756]
[Alfred Bruneau]
[Attack on the Mill]
[758]
[Paul Dukas]
[Ariadne and Blue-Beard]
[759]
[Henri Février]
[Monna Vanna]
[Gismonda]
[761]
[Henri Rabaud]
[Marouf]
[763]
[Sylvio Lazzari]
[Grasshopper]
[764]
[Xavier Leroux]
[Queen Fiammette]
[Wayfarer]
[765]
[Raoul Gunsbourg]
[Old Eagle]
[767]
[Modern German and Bohemian Opera]
[St. Elizabeth]
[769]
[Peter Cornelius]
[Barber of Bagdad]
[770]
[Herman Goetz]
[Taming of the Shrew]
[772]
[Karl Goldmark]
[Queen of Sheba]
[Cricket on the Hearth]
[773]
[Engelbert Humperdinck]
[Königskinder]
[Hänsel and Gretel]
[776]
[Brüll]
[Golden Cross]
[779]
[Blech]
[Sealed In]
[781]
[Viktor E. Nessler]
[Trumpeter of Säkkingen]
[784]
[Wilhelm Kienzl]
[Evangelist]
[Kuhreigen]
[787]
[Ludwig Thuille]
[Lobetanz]
[791]
[Hugo Wolf]
[Magistrate]
[792]
[Richard Strauss], 1864-
[Fire Famine]
[Guntram]
[Salome]
[Elektra]
[Rosenkavalier]
[Ariadne on Naxos]
[796]
[Friedrich Smetana]
[Bartered Bride]
[815]
[Russian Opera][818]
[Michael Ivanovich Glinka]
[Russlan and Ludmilla]
[818]
[Borodin]
[Prince Igor]
[819]
[Moussorgsky]
[Boris Godounoff]
[822]
[Peter Ilitsch Tschaikowsky]
[Eugen Onegin]
[Pique-Dame]
[825]
[Rimsky-Korsakoff]
[Coq d'Or]
[828]
[Ignace Jan Paderewski]
[Manru]
[830]
[American Opera][832]
[Frederick Shepherd Converse]
[Sacrifice]
[Pipe of Desire]
[832]
[Charles Wakefield Cadman]
[Shanewis]
[834]
[John Adams Hugo]
[Temple Dancer]
[834]
[Joseph Breil]
[Legend]
[836]
[Victor Herbert]
[Natomah]
[837]
[Horatio Parker]
[Mona]
[840]
[Walter Damrosch]
[Cyrano]
[841]
[Reginald de Koven]
[Canterbury Pilgrims]
[843]
[Spanish Opera][849]
[Enrique Granados, 1867-1916]
[Goyescas]
[849]
[Index][851]

[ILLUSTRATIONS]

PAGE
Mary Garden as Sapho[Frontispiece]
Louise Homer as Orpheus in "Orpheus and Eurydice"[10]
Hempel (Susanna), Matzenauer (The Countess), and Farrar (Cherubino) in "Le Nozze di Figaro"[26]
Scotti as Don Giovanni[34]
Sembrich as Zerlina in "Don Giovanni"[35]
Scotti as Don Giovanni[42]
Alten and Goritz as Papagena and Papageno in "The Magic Flute"[43]
Matzenauer as Fidelio[56]
Farrar as Elizabeth in "Tannhäuser"[108]
"Tannhäuser," Finale, Act II. Tannhäuser (Maclennan), Elizabeth (Fornia), Wolfram (Dean), The Landgrave (Cranston)[109]
Sembach as Lohengrin[122]
Schumann-Heink as Ortrud in "Lohengrin"[123]
Emma Eames as Elsa in "Lohengrin"[128]
Louise Homer as Fricka in "The Ring of the Nibelung"[129]
Lilli Lehmann as Brünnhilde in "Die Walküre"[166]
"The Valkyr" Act I. Hunding (Parker), Sieglinde (Rennyson), and Siegmund (Maclennan)[167]
Fremstad as Brünnhilde in "Die Walküre"[172]
Fremstad as Sieglinde in "Die Walküre"[173]
Weil as Wotan in "Die Walküre"[178]
"Die Walküre" Act III. Brünnhilde (Margaret Crawford)[179]
Édouard de Reszke as Hagen in "Götterdämmerung"[210]
Jean de Reszke as Siegfried in "Götterdämmerung"[211]
Nordica as Isolde[228]
Lilli Lehmann as Isolde[236]
Jean de Reszke as Tristan[237]
Gadski as Isolde[242]
Ternina as Isolde[243]
Emil Fischer as Hans Sachs in "Die Meistersinger"[248]
Weil and Goritz as Hans Sachs and Beckmesser in "Die Meistersinger"[249]
The Grail-Bearer[272]
Winckelmann and Materna as Parsifal and Kundry[273]
Scaria as Gurnemanz[273]
Sammarco as Figaro in "The Barber of Seville"[298]
Galli-Curci as Rosina in "The Barber of Seville"[302]
Sembrich as Rosina in "The Barber of Seville"[303]
Hempel (Adina) and Caruso (Nemorino) in "L'Elisir d'Amore"[336]
Caruso as Edgardo in "Lucia di Lammermoor"[348]
Galli-Curci as Lucia in "Lucia di Lammermoor"[349]
Galli-Curci as Gilda in "Rigoletto"[392]
Caruso as the Duke in "Rigoletto"[393]
The Quartet in "Rigoletto." The Duke (Sheehan), Maddalena (Albright), Gilda (Easton), Rigoletto (Goff)[400]
Riccardo Martin as Manrico in "Il Trovatore"[401]
Schumann-Heink as Azucena in "Il Trovatore"[410]
Galli-Curci as Violetta in "La Traviata"[411]
Farrar as Violetta in "La Traviata"[420]
Scotti as Germont in "La Traviata"[421]
Emma Eames as Aïda[442]
Saléza as Rhadames in "Aïda"[443]
Louise Homer as Amneris in "Aïda"[448]
Rosina Galli in the Ballet of "Aïda"[449]
Alda as Desdemona in "Otello"[460]
Amato as Barnaba in "La Gioconda"[461]
Caruso as Enzo in "La Gioconda"[488]
Louise Homer as Laura in "La Gioconda"[489]
Plançon as Saint Bris in "The Huguenots"[508]
Jean de Reszke as Raoul in "The Huguenots"[509]
Ober and De Luca; Caruso and Hempel in "Martha"[548]
Plançon as Méphistophélès in "Faust"[549]
Galli-Curci as Juliette in "Roméo et Juliette"[578]
Calvé as Carmen with Sparkes as Frasquita, and Braslau as Mercedes[579]
Caruso as Don José in "Carmen"[590]
Caruso as Don José in "Carmen"[591]
Calvé as Carmen[594]
Amato as Escamillo in "Carmen"[595]
Gadski as Santuzza in "Cavalleria Rusticana"[614]
Bori as Iris[615]
Caruso as Canio in "I Pagliacci"[630]
Farrar as Nedda in "I Pagliacci"[631]
Farrar as Mimi in "La Bohème"[644]
Café Momus Scene, "La Bohème." Act II. Mimi (Rennyson), Musette (Joel), Rudolph (Sheehan)[645]
Cavalieri as Tosca[656]
Scotti as Scarpia[657]
Emma Eames as Tosca[660]
Caruso as Mario in "Tosca"[661]
Farrar as Tosca[664]
"Madama Butterfly." Act I. (Francis Maclennan, Renée Vivienne, and Thomas Richards)[665]
Farrar as Cio-Cio-San in "Madama Butterfly"[668]
Destinn as Minnie, Caruso as Johnson, and Amato as Jack Rance in "The Girl of the Golden West"[669]
Alda as Francesca, and Martinelli as Paolo in "Francesca da Rimini"[682]
Bori and Ferrari-Fontana in "The Love of Three Kings"[683]
Farrar as Catherine in "Mme. Sans-Gêne"[710]
Galli-Curci as Lakmé[711]
Caruso as Samson in "Samson and Dalila"[726]
Mary Garden as Grisélidis[727]
Mary Garden as Thaïs[730]
Farrar and Amato as Thaïs and Athanaël[731]
Farrar as Thaïs[734]
Farrar and Amato as Thaïs and Athanaël[735]
Caruso as Des Grieux in "Manon"[738]
Mary Garden in "Le Jongleur de Nôtre Dame"[739]
Mary Garden as Louise[750]
Lucienne Bréval as Salammbô[751]
Mary Garden as Mélisande in "Pelléas and Mélisande"[754]
Farrar as the Goose Girl in "Königskinder"[776]
Van Dyck and Mattfeld as Hänsel and Gretel[777]
Mary Garden as Salome[802]
Hempel as the Princess and Ober as Octavian in "Der Rosenkavalier"[803]
Scene from the Ballet in "Prince Igor" (with Rosina Galli)[820]
Anna Case as Feodor, Didur as Boris, and Sparkes as Xenia in "Boris Godounoff"[821]