INDEX
- Abbeville, ford of Somme at, [60]
- Acies, order of battle, [30]
- — why necessarily a line, [175]
- — mediæval use of word, [30]
- Afghan war, its cause, [305]
- — failure of, [306]
- Agincourt, battle of, [5], [87] sqq.
- Agmen, order of march, [30], [175]
- Albuera, battle of, [211]
- Aliwal, battle of, [310]
- Alma, battle of, [272]
- Almanza, battle of, [169]
- Almaraz, bridge on Tagus, [223]
- Almeida, fortress on Portuguese frontier, [206], [216]
- — taken by Massena, [207]
- — re-taken by Wellington, [211]
- America, rivalry of England and France in, [179], [183]
- — War of Independence, [194]
- Angus, E. of, before Flodden, [120]
- Arapiles hills at Salamanca, [224]
- Archers, Norman, at Hastings, [25]
- — at Falkirk, [44]
- — at Bannockburn, [48], [49]
- — formation of, for defence, [62]
- — at Crecy, [63]
- — at Poitiers, [76], [77]
- — at Agincourt, [90]
- — at Verneuil, [93]
- — at Towton, [108]
- — at Flodden, [126]
- (See also [Long-bow].)
- Arcot, Clive's defence of, [295]
- Argaum, battle of, [303]
- Armagnac faction in France, [81], [92]
- Armies, standing, begin at end of Middle Ages, [129]
- — — none in England in Civil War, [129]
- — — feeling against, in England, [151]
- — — become necessary, [152]
- Arrivall of King Edward, [113]
- Artillery, developed before hand firearms, [115]
- — long of little use save in sieges, [116]
- — gave supremacy to crown, [116]
- — at siege of Harfleur, [82]
- — — Orleans, [97]
- — — Sebastopol, [286]
- — at Minden, [185]
- Artillery at Alma, [272]
- — at Gujerat, [314]
- — Sikhs strong in, [307]
- — earliest was breechloading, [115]
- Aspern, battle of, [205]
- Assye, battle of, [302]
- Atherton Moor, battle of, [132]
- Auberoche, battle of, [56]
- Auckland, Lord, Governor-General of India, [306]
- Audacity often the best policy:
- — at Oudenarde, [171]
- — at Talavera, [203]
- — at Balaclava, [278]
- — with Orientals, [290], [302]
- Axe, main weapon of English at Hastings, [21]
- Babinet, Col., his memoir on battle of Poitiers, [71n]
- Badajos, position of, [206], [218]
- — surrendered to French, [210]
- — sieges of, [211], [218]
- Baden, Margrave of, in Blenheim campaign, [157]
- Baillie, Scottish general at Marston Moor, [137]
- Baker of Swinbrook, [75n]
- — his account of Bannockburn, [47], [49]
- — — Crecy, [62]
- — — Poitiers, [76]
- Balaclava, flank march to, [274]
- — battle of, [276]
- Balliol, John, K. of Scotland, [41]
- Bannockburn, battle of, [4], [48]
- — consequences of, [50]
- — compared to Crecy, [67]
- Barbour, his life of Bruce, [47]
- Barnard, Gen., at Delhi, [318]
- Barnet, battle of, [111]
- Bastide, [93n]
- Battle Abbey, [23]
- Battles, nature of interest in, [1] sqq.
- — locality of, how determined, [4]
- — mediæval meaning of word, [30n]
- — cannot be understood if isolated, [3]
- — lessons from, [6]
- Bavaria, Elector of, in Blenheim campaign, [157]
- Bayeux tapestry, [20n]
- Bayonet, invention of, [116]
- Bedford, Regent, [92]
- Belgian troops in Wellington's army, [240]
- — at Quatre Bras, [243]
- — at Waterloo, [254]
- Bengal, conquest of, [299]
- Berar, rajah of, [301]
- Beresford, Gen., at Albuera, [211]
- Berkeley, Sir M., at Poitiers, [77]
- Berwick, captured by Edward I., [43]
- — James duke of, [169]
- Black Prince at Crecy, [64]
- — his raid through France, [68]
- — takes position at Poitiers, [70]
- — negotiates for peace, [74]
- — leads final charge in battle, [78]
- — his death, [79]
- Blake, Spanish general at Albuera, [211]
- Blenheim, French position at, [159]
- — scheme of allies for attacking, [161]
- — details of battle, [162]
- — importance of victory, [164]
- Blucher, marshal, in Waterloo campaign, [239]
- — co-operation with Wellington, [245], [249], [263]
- — defeated at Ligny, [246]
- — retreats on Wavre, [247]
- — his personal zeal, [259]
- Bohemia, John K. of, at Crecy, [64]
- Bosquet, Gen., at Inkerman, [283]
- Boulevard, [91n]
- Bretigny, treaty of, [78]
- Britons, conquered by Romans, [9]
- — — by Saxons, [10]
- Broglie, D. of, at Minden, [184]
- Bruce, Robt. K. of Scotland, [46]
- — his tactics at Bannockburn, [47]
- — his exploit before the battle, [48]
- Brunswick, D. of, killed at Quatre Bras, [244]
- Brussels, in Waterloo campaign, [243]
- Bulow, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, [242], [259], [262]
- Burgos, siege of, [227]
- Burgundy, John D. of, murdered, [92]
- — Philip D. of, sides with English, [92]
- — — abandons them, [99]
- — Charles D. of, helps Edward IV., [109]
- — Louis D. of, at Oudenarde, [170]
- Busaco, battle of, [208]
- Cabul, [306]
- Cadogan, Gen., at Oudenarde, [171]
- Calais, siege of, [64]
- — Henry V. marches for, [82]
- Calcutta, Black Hole of, [296]
- Cambuskenneth, battle of, [42]
- Campbell, Sir Colin, at Balaclava, [275]
- — at Chillianwalla, [313]
- — at Gujerat, [314]
- — relieves Lucknow, [316]
- Cannon. See Artillery
- Captal de Buch at Poitiers, [77]
- Cardigan, E. of, at Balaclava, [277]
- Cardinerie, La, on field of Poitiers, [70]
- Cathcart, Gen., killed at Inkerman, [282]
- Cauveripak, Clive's victory at, [296]
- Cavalry, mailed. See [Men-at-Arms]
- — cannot stand on defensive, [73]
- — most important arm in 17th century, [130]
- — at Edgehill, [131]
- — at Marston Moor, [138]
- — at Naseby, [143]
- — element of weakness in line of battle at Blenheim, [160]
- — — at Minden, [185]
- — not properly used after Ligny, [247]
- — French, at Waterloo, [260]
- — Russian, in Crimea not used, [274]
- — English, at Balaclava, [277], [278]
- — Mahratta, [300]
- Challenge to single combat sent by William I., [22]
- — — Henry V., [82]
- — to fight a battle sent to Henry V., [83]
- — — to James IV. of Scotland, [120]
- Chandernagore, [297]
- Charleroi, [242]
- Charles VI. of France, [81], [92]
- Charles I., precipitated civil war, [129]
- — at Edgehill, [131]
- — besieges Gloucester, [132]
- — drives Essex into Cornwall, [140]
- — mismanages Naseby campaign, [142]
- — takes refuge with Scots, [144]
- — executed, [145]
- Charles II. begins standing army, [151]
- Cheriton, battle of, [133]
- Chillianwalla, battle of, [312]
- Chroniclers, mediæval, their weak points, [16], [19], [20n], [32], [47], [72], [113]
- Church supported William the Conqueror, [14]
- Churchill, Gen., at Blenheim, [162]
- Ciudad Rodrigo, position of, [206]
- — sieges of, [207], [216]
- Civil War, peculiar character of, [128]
- — local division of parties in, [130]
- Clausel, Gen., at Salamanca, [226]
- Clifford, Ld., at Towton, [104]
- Clive, Robert, founded English power in India, [295]
- — sent to recover Calcutta, [296]
- — allies secretly with Meer Jaffier, [297]
- — wins Plassy, [299]
- Cnut divided England into earldoms, [11]
- Colborne, Col., at Waterloo, [262]
- Column, definition of, [176]
- — English, at Fontenoy, [181]
- — versus line. See [Line]
- Combination of different arms at Hastings, [25]
- — at Falkirk, [45]
- — at Crecy, [61], [73]
- Conquest, when impossible, [46]
- Contades, marshal, at Minden, [184]
- Coote, Eyre, at Plassy, [297]
- Cornwall, Essex driven into, [140]
- — Rd. Earl of, at Lewes, [31]
- Corunna, battle of, [198]
- Courtrai, battle of, [45]
- Craufurd, Gen. R., marches to Talavera, [202]
- — on the Coa, [206n]
- — at Busaco, [208]
- — killed at Ciudad Rodrigo, [217]
- Crawford, L., parliamentary general, [134]
- Crecy, battle of, [61] sqq.
- — novelty of tactics, [61]
- — an epoch in art of war, [67]
- Cressingham, killed at Cambuskenneth, [42]
- Crevant, battle of, [92]
- Crimean war, state of Europe before, [268]
- — general causes of, [267]
- — material novelties in, [286]
- — results of, [287]
- Cromwell, Oliver, at Edgehill, [130]
- — forms Ironsides, [133]
- — at Marston Moor, [138]
- — urges Self-denying Ordinance, [141]
- — his raid round Oxford, [142]
- — at Naseby, [144]
- — sent to invade Scotland, [145]
- — held in check by Leslie, [145]
- — retreats to Dunbar, [146]
- — wins battle, [149]
- — at Worcester, [150]
- Cross-bow, condemned by Lateran Council, [51n]
- — encouraged by Richard I., [51]
- — no match for long-bow, [63]
- — -men, Genoese, at Crecy, [63]
- Cuesta, Gen., at Talavera, [201]
- Culloden, battle of, [183]
- Cumberland, D. of, at Fontenoy, [181]
- — at Culloden, [183]
- Cutts, Gen., at Blenheim, [162]
- D'Albret, Constable of France, at Agincourt, [89]
- Danes, invade England, [10]
- — mode of fighting of, [10]
- — conquer England under Cnut, [11]
- Daventry, Charles I. at, [143]
- Defences, artificial, at Hastings, [21]
- — — at Poitiers, [74]
- Delhi, mutiny centred at, [317]
- — siege of, formed, [318]
- — storming of, [320]
- D'Erlon, Gen., on day of Quatre Bras, [245]
- — at Waterloo, [258], [261]
- Dettingen, battle of, [181]
- Dhuleep Sing, [311]
- Discipline, definition of, [288]
- Divided command, evils of, at Marston Moor, [135]
- — in War of Spanish Succession, [156]
- — at Oudenarde, [171]
- — at Fontenoy, [181]
- — in Peninsula generally, [215]
- — at Albuera, [211]
- Donauwerth, Marlborough crosses Danube at, [158]
- Dost Mahommed, [306]
- Douro, Wellington forces passage of, [200]
- Duguesclin, Constable of France, [79]
- Dunbar, battle of, [149]
- Dunois, his testimony as to influence of Jeanne d'Arc, [96]
- Dupleix, [295]
- Dutch, troublesome allies to Marlborough, [156], [166]
- Edgehill, battle of, [131]
- Edward the Confessor, death of, [11]
- Edward I. at Lewes, [31]
- — at Evesham, [34], [38]
- — develops long-bow, [51]
- — his relations to Scotland, [40], [41]
- — at Falkirk, [43]
- Edward II. at Bannockburn, [48]
- — defeated by his own fault, [50]
- Edward III., his claims to crown of France, [55]
- — invades Normandy, [58]
- — his haphazard strategy, [59]
- — his novel tactics at Crecy, [61]
- — takes Calais, [64]
- Edward IV. assumes crown, [103]
- — at Towton, [107]
- — overthrown by Warwick, [109]
- — returns from exile, [109]
- — at Barnet, [111]
- — at Tewkesbury, [114]
- Edward, son of Henry VI., his birth, [102]
- — killed at Tewkesbury, [115]
- Edwardes, Lieut., at Mooltan, [311]
- Edwin and Morcar, Earls, [12], [15]
- Elba, Napoleon's return from, [238]
- Ellenborough, Ld., Gov.-General of India, [306]
- Elvas, [206], [218]
- English, characteristics of, as soldiers, [6], [177]
- — their military history specially instructive, [7]
- — a nation earlier than any other people, [7], [55]
- — learned Danish modes of fighting, [10]
- — the long-bow theirs exclusively, [53]
- — had no standing army in Civil War, [129]
- — military reputation low before Marlborough, [154]
- — reasons for their fighting in line, [177]
- — concerned in all European wars of 18th century, [179]
- — armies lose efficiency after Marlborough, [180]
- Essex, E. of, at Edgehill, [131]
- — driven to Cornwall, [140]
- Eugene of Savoy, Marlborough's colleague, [156]
- — at Blenheim, [161]
- — at Oudenarde, [172]
- Evesham, battle of, [36]
- Fairfax, Ld., at Marston Moor, [138]
- Fairfax, Sir T., at Marston Moor, [138]
- — commands New Model, [141]
- — at Naseby, [143]
- Falconbridge, Ld., at Towton, [108]
- Falkirk, Wallace's battle of, [44]
- — Jacobite battle of, [183]
- Fastolfe, Sir J., at battle of the Herrings, [94]
- Feigned flight of Normans at Hastings, [25]
- Ferozeshah, battle of, [309]
- Ferrybridge, [104]
- Feudal nobles preponderant after Hastings, [27], [45]
- — their power broken by pike and long-bow, [6]
- — class pride of, ruinous at Crecy, [63]
- — — at Agincourt, [89]
- Flanders, ally of Edward III., [56]
- Flank march at Busaco, [209]
- — to Balaclava, [274]
- Flodden, battle of, [5], [123] sqq.
- — last victory of bow, [127]
- Fontenoy, battle of, [181]
- Formigny, battle of, [99]
- France, contrasted with England in 14th century, [55]
- — made a nation by Hundred Years' War, [99]
- — state of, under Charles VI., [81]
- — her military supremacy broken at Blenheim, [164]
- — why hostile to England throughout 18th century, [179]
- — rival of England for domination in India, [295]
- Freeman, Professor, on Hastings, [20], [21]
- Froissart as an authority, [75]
- Fuentes d'Onoro, battle of, [210]
- Fulford, battle of, [15]
- Geography, how it influences the course of a war, [4]
- George II. at Oudenarde, [171]
- — at Dettingen, [181]
- Gérard, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, [249]
- Glansdale, Sir W., at siege of Orleans, [97]
- Gloucester, siege of, [132]
- — E. of, at Lewes, [31]
- — — at Evesham, [36]
- Gneisenau, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, [249]
- Golab Sing in Punjab, [310]
- Goring, royalist general at Marston Moor, [138]
- Gortschakoff, prince, in Crimea, [280], [287]
- Gough, Sir H., at Moodkee, [308]
- — at Ferozeshah, [309]
- — at Sobraon, [310]
- — at Ramnugur, [312]
- — at Chillianwalla, [313]
- — at Gujerat, [314]
- Graham, Gen., in Vittoria campaign, [231]
- Grouchy, marshal, detached to pursue Blucher, [247]
- — will not "march to the cannon," [249]
- — could he have saved Waterloo? [250]
- — retreats successfully into France, [251]
- Guienne, never French before Edward III., [55]
- — becomes French in feelings, [79]
- Gujerat, battle of, [314]
- Gunpowder came slowly into use, [115]
- — political effects of, [117]
- (See [Artillery] and [Musket].)
- Gyrth, Harold's brother, killed at Hastings, [24]
- Halidon Hill, battle of, [118]
- Hamley, Sir E., on battle of the Alma, [273]
- — — Balaclava, [279]
- — — Inkerman, [284]
- Hanoverian troops at Fontenoy, [181]
- — at Minden, [185]
- Hardinge, Sir H., Gov.-Gen. of India, [307]
- — at Ferozeshah, [308]
- Harfleur, siege of, [82]
- Harold Hardrada invades England, [15]
- — killed at Stamford bridge, [16]
- Harold, king, election of, [12]
- — story of his oath, [13n]
- — his measures for defence, [14]
- — goes north to fight Northmen, [15]
- — at Stamford bridge, [16]
- — rapidity of his return, [18]
- — urged not to face the Normans in person, [19]
- — chooses position at Hastings, [21]
- — killed in battle, [26]
- — his burial, [26]
- Hastings, battle of, [20] sqq.
- — authorities for, [19], [20]
- — important consequences of, [27]
- Havelock, Sir H., relieves Lucknow, [316]
- Haye Sainte, La, on field of Waterloo, [255], [261]
- Henry III., un-English, [28]
- — defeated at Lewes, [32]
- — in Montfort's hands, [33]
- — at Evesham, [35]
- Henry V., his claim to the French crown, [80]
- — invades France, [81]
- — besieges Harfleur, [82]
- — marches for Calais, [83]
- — intercepted at Agincourt, [86]
- — his tactics, [90]
- — recognized as heir of France, [92]
- — his death, [92]
- Herat, siege of, [306]
- Herrings, battle of the, [94]
- Herse, formation of archers, [62]
- Highlanders at Flodden, [126]
- — in Jacobite rebellion, [183]
- (See[ Regiments].)
- Hill, Gen., in Peninsular war, [202], [208], [223], [227]
- Holkar, [301], [304]
- Homildon, battle of, [119]
- Hougomont, on field of Waterloo, [253], [256], [257]
- Housecarls, [11], [16], [23]
- Hull, held for Parliament, [132]
- Hyder Ali, [299]
- India, conquered largely with native soldiers, [289]
- — France and England rivals in, [295]
- — English power becomes supreme in, [304]
- — — in, shaken by Ferozeshah, [308]
- — — in, strengthened by mutiny, [321]
- Inferior races, [288]
- Information, danger of faulty, at Blenheim, [159]
- — — at Busaco, [209]
- — — in Waterloo campaign, [243], [247]
- Inglis, Col., at Lucknow, [316]
- Inkerman, battle of, [280]
- Ironsides, Cromwell's, [153]
- Jacobite rebellion of 1745, [182]
- James IV. of Scotland makes war on England unprovoked, [119]
- — mismanages invasion, [120]
- — accepts Surrey's challenge, [120]
- — killed at Flodden, [127]
- Jeanne d'Arc, her influence and character, [95]
- — relieves Orleans, [96]
- — her fate, [98]
- Jena, battle of, [2]
- John, K. of France, collects army to fight Black Prince, [68]
- — movements of, to Poitiers, [69]
- — wastes his chances of success, [73]
- — taken prisoner in the battle, [78]
- Joseph Buonaparte made king of Spain, [197]
- — at Talavera, [202]
- — cannot control French marshals, [215n]
- — abandons Madrid, [227]
- — returns, [227]
- — finally quits Madrid, [228]
- — at Vittoria, [231]
- Jourdan, marshal, at Talavera, [202]
- — at Vittoria, [231]
- Kenilworth captured by prince Edward, [34]
- "King's Cabinet Opened," after Naseby, [144]
- Knights. See [Men-at-arms]
- Lake, Gen., in Mahratta war, [303]
- Lambert, Gen., at Dunbar, [146]
- Lancaster, D. of, in Poitiers campaign, [68]
- Landen, battle of, [154]
- Laswaree, battle of, [304]
- Lawrence, Sir H., Resident in Punjab, [311]
- — at Lucknow, [316]
- Lawrence, Sir J., Resident in Punjab, [315]
- — sends troops to Delhi, [319]
- Leicester, taken by Charles I., [142]
- — E. of. See [Montfort]
- Leslie, D., at Marston Moor, [137]
- — in Dunbar campaign, [145]
- Leven, E. of, at Marston Moor, [138]
- Lewes, battle of, [31]
- Ligny, battle of, [245]
- Lille, siege of, [172]
- Line, the natural order of battle, [175]
- — development of column out of, [176]
- — superiority of line over column, [176]
- — depends on troops, [177]
- — habitually used by English, [178]
- — its advantage shown at Minden, [185]
- — — Talavera, [203]
- — — Busaco, [208]
- — — Albuera, [212]
- — — Waterloo, [262]
- — — Alma, [272]
- — — Inkerman, [284]
- Lines, fortified, why of little use, [165]
- — — in Netherlands 1705, [165]
- — — at Stollhofen, [169]
- — — at Torres Vedras, [200]
- Lisbon, English base in Peninsular war, [199]
- — panic at, [207]
- Littler, Sir J., in Sikh war, [308], [309]
- Locality of battles, how determined, [4]
- Loire river, Black Prince tried to cross, [69]
- — boundary of English power after Henry V., [93]
- Long-bow, development of, obscure, [51]
- — power and range of, [52]
- — exclusively English, [53]
- — compared to musket, [117]
- — mode of using [52]
- (See also [Archers].)
- Louis XIV. provoked England to war, [154]
- — offers peace 1706, [169]
- — offers peace 1709, [173]
- Lucan, E. of, in Crimea, [278]
- Lucknow, relief of, [316]
- MacMunn, Lieut., in Burma, [291]
- Madras attacked by Dupleix, [295]
- — Clive sent from, to recover Bengal, [296]
- Madrid occupied by Napoleon, [198]
- — entered by Wellington, [227]
- — abandoned again, [227]
- — evacuated by French, [228]
- Mahrattas, rise of their power, [300]
- — make war on British, [301]
- — their power broken by Assye, [304]
- Maida, battle of, [205]
- Maitland, Gen., at Waterloo, [261]
- Malakoff tower at Sebastopol, [285]
- Malplaquet, battle of, [174]
- Manchester, E. of, in Civil War, [133], [141]
- Marengo, battle of, [3]
- Margaret of Anjou, soul of Lancastrian party, [101]
- — at Wakefield, [103]
- — lands at Weymouth, [112]
- Marlborough, D. of, real head of coalition against Louis XIV., [154]
- — his character, [155]
- — compared to Wellington, [155]
- — his plan of campaign for 1704, [156]
- — marches to the Danube, [157]
- — storms Schellenberg, [158]
- — ravages Bavaria, [158]
- — wins Blenheim, [163]
- — inactive in 1705, [166]
- — wins Ramillies, [168]
- — wins Oudenarde, [172]
- — covers siege of Lille, [172]
- — wins Malplaquet, [174]
- Marmion, quotations from, [124], [126]
- Marmont, marshal, supersedes Massena, [210]
- — retreats behind Douro, [223]
- — out-manœuvres Wellington, [224]
- — his false tactics at Salamanca, [225]
- — wounded, [226]
- Marsin, marshal, commands French army in Bavaria, [155]
- — joined by Tallard, [158]
- — his position at Blenheim, [159]
- Marston Moor, battle of, [137]
- — importance of results of, [139]
- Massena, marshal, given command in Spain, [205]
- — takes Ciudad Rodrigo, [207]
- — invades Portugal, [207]
- — at Busaco, [208]
- — before Torres Vedras, [209]
- — retreats, [210]
- — at Fuentes d'Onoro, [210]
- Maupertuis, on field of Poitiers, [70]
- Meer Jaffier at Plassy, [298]
- Meerut, mutiny began at, [317]
- Men-at-arms at Hastings, [25]
- — thenceforward deemed sole strength of armies, [27]
- — failed to break Scottish spears, [44]
- — Wallace set example of successfully resisting, [45]
- — at Bannockburn, [49]
- — at Crecy, English dismount for defence, [61]
- — at Crecy, French routed by archers, [64]
- — at Poitiers, French dismount for attack, [72]
- — madness of this method, [73]
- — at Agincourt, [90]
- — at battle of the Herrings, [94]
- Menschikoff, prince, commands in Crimea, [270]
- — his mistake at the Alma, [271]
- — moves out of Sebastopol, [273]
- — his faulty scheme for Inkerman, [280]
- Minden, battle of, [184]
- Mogul Empire, decaying, [296]
- — under Sindia's influence, [300]
- — falls under British control, [304]
- — restoration proclaimed in Mutiny, [317]
- Montagu, M. of, killed at Barnet, [112]
- Montcalm, Gen., at Quebec, [189]
- his arrangements for defence, [189]
- — mortally wounded, [193]
- Montfort, Simon, E. of Leicester, leader in Barons' war, [29]
- — his carriage, [30]
- — rules England, [33]
- — deserted by many of his party, [34]
- — marches for Kenilworth, [34]
- — intercepted at Evesham, [36]
- — his death, [38]
- Montrose, M. of, his campaigns in Scotland, [142], [144]
- Moodkee, battle of, [308]
- Mooltan, siege of, [311]
- Moore, Sir J., in Peninsular war, [198]
- Mortimer's Cross, battle of, [103]
- Moselle, Marlborough's campaign on, [165]
- Musket, long a clumsy weapon, [116]
- — compared to long-bow, [117]
- Mutiny, Indian, general character of, [315]
- — Delhi head-quarters of, [318]
- — end of, [321]
- Napoleon invades Spain, [198]
- — withdraws troops for Russian war, [214]
- — defeated in Russia, [228]
- — overthrown, [234]
- — returns from Elba, [238]
- — his plan for Waterloo campaign, [241]
- — at Ligny, [245]
- — amount of his success so far, [246]
- — sends Grouchy after Prussians, [247]
- — follows Wellington to Waterloo, [247]
- — Grouchy's absence from Waterloo due to his orders, [146]
- — never expected Prussians to join Wellington, [251]
- — delays beginning battle, [257]
- — his attention diverted to Bulow, [260]
- Napoleon III., why willing to join in Crimean war, [268]
- — his views as to siege of Sebastopol overruled, [286]
- Naseby, battle of, [143]
- National coherence a great source of military strength, [55]
- — enmities not necessarily permanent, [2]
- Nesle, Henry V. crosses Somme at, [83]
- Nevil's Cross, battle of, [118]
- New Model army, [141]
- Newbury, first battle of, [133]
- — second battle of, [140]
- Newcastle, M. of, besieged in York, [134]
- — at Marston Moor, [137]
- Ney, marshal, at Busaco, [208]
- — at Quatre Bras, [243]
- — at Waterloo, [260]
- Nicholson, Gen., killed at Delhi, [320]
- Norfolk, D. of, at Towton, [108]
- Normandy, Wm. D. of. See [William I.]
- — John, D. of, at Poitiers, [76]
- — Edward III. invades, [59]
- — Henry V. marches through, [83]
- — — conquers, [92]
- Norman conquest, effects of, [27]
- Northampton, battle of, [103]
- Northmen, at Stamford bridge, [15]
- — importance of their defeat, [16]
- Nottingham, Charles I. raises standard at, [131]
- Numbers engaged at Agincourt, [88]
- — Albuera, [211]
- — Alma, [270]
- — Barnet, [110]
- — Blenheim, [163]
- — Crecy, [61]
- — Flodden, [120]
- — Inkerman, [281], [283]
- — Marston Moor, [137]
- — Minden, [184]
- — Naseby, [143]
- — Plassy, [297]
- — Poitiers, [75]
- — Quebec, [192]
- — Salamanca, [226]
- — Talavera, [204]
- — Towton, [107n]
- — in Waterloo campaign, [240]
- — at Waterloo, [254]
- Oblique order, [312n]
- Oporto, passage of Douro at, [200]
- Orleans, "key of the south," [93]
- — siege of, [94]
- — D. of, at Poitiers, [77]
- — D. of, Regent, [180]
- Oudenarde, battle of, [172]
- Outram, Gen., relieves Lucknow, [316]
- Oxford, head-quarters of Charles I., [132]
- — siege of, [142]
- — E. of, at Poitiers, [77]
- — E. of, at Barnet, [111]
- Pakenham, Gen., at Salamanca, [225]
- Parkman's History of Montcalm and Wolfe, [193]
- Patay, battle of, [99]
- Peishwa, the, [301]
- Pelissier, marshal, at siege of Sebastopol, [286]
- Peninsular war, general character of, [200]
- Pennefather, Gen., at Inkerman, [281]
- Périgord, cardinal of, mediates at Poitiers, [74]
- Phalanx, Macedonian, [45]
- Philip VI. of France provokes Edward III. to war, [54]
- — cannot control nobles at Crecy, [63]
- — his death, [67]
- Picton, Gen., at storm of Badajos, [218]
- — killed at Waterloo, [259]
- Pikemen developed on continent, [6], [117]
- — essential support to musketeers, [116]
- — superseded by invention of bayonet, [116]
- — used by Wallace, [45]
- Pirch, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, [242], [261]
- Planchenoit, on field of Waterloo, [260], [262]
- Plassy, battle of, [298]
- Plymouth held for Parliament, [132]
- Point Levi, opposite Quebec, [190]
- Poitiers, topography of battle-field, [71]
- — battle of, [76] sqq.
- Ponsonby, Gen., at Waterloo, [259]
- Porto Novo, battle of, [297]
- Portugal, relations of, to England, [199]
- — topography of, [206]
- — misconduct of government of, [209], [214]
- Portuguese troops organized by Wellington, [207]
- — at Busaco, [209]
- — at Albuera, [212]
- Positions of armies described, at Agincourt, [88]
- — Albuera, [211]
- — Alma, [271]
- — Bannockburn, [47]
- — Blenheim, [159]
- — Busaco, [208]
- — Crecy, [61]
- — Dunbar, [146]
- — Falkirk, [43]
- — Ferozeshah, [308]
- — Flodden, [125]
- — Hastings, [21]
- — Ligny, [244]
- — Minden, [184]
- — Plassy, [298]
- — Poitiers, [72]
- — Ramillies, [167]
- — Salamanca, [225]
- — Talavera, [201]
- — Vittoria, [232]
- — Waterloo, [253]
- Preston Pans, battle of, [183]
- Prussia, hostile to France since Jena, [2]
- Prussian army in Belgium, [239]
- — its numbers, [240]
- — its position on frontier, [240]
- (See [Blucher].)
- Pyrenees, battles in, [234]
- Quatre Bras, battle of, [243]
- Quebec, siege of, [189]
- — importance of its capture, [193]
- Raglan, Ld., at the Alma, [272]
- — at Balaclava, [277]
- — death of, [286]
- Railway made in Crimea, [286]
- Ramillies, battle of, [168]
- Ramnugur, battle of, [312]
- Range of long-bow, [52]
- — of musket, [117]
- Redan in siege of Sebastopol, [286]
- Regiments of English army:
- — Coldstream Guards, [152]
- — under Marlborough, [152]
- — Guards at Talavera, [203]
- — — at Waterloo, [261]
- — cavalry, Union brigade at Waterloo, [259]
- — cavalry, 23rd light dragoons at Talavera, [203]
- — — heavy brigade at Balaclava, [277]
- — — light brigade at Balaclava, [278]
- — — 19th light dragoons at Assye, [302]
- — infantry, 12th, 20th, 23rd, 25th, 37th, 51st at Minden, [186]
- — — 48th at Talavera, [203]
- — — march of Craufurd's brigade, [204]
- — — 7th, 23rd at Albuera, [212]
- — — 43rd, 52nd at Ciudad Rodrigo, [217]
- — — position of all at Waterloo, [255]
- — — 52nd deals final blow, [262]
- — — 93rd at Balaclava, [276]
- — — 39th at Plassy, [298]
- — — 74th, 78th at Assye, [302]
- — — 32nd at Lucknow, [316]
- Reille, Gen., at Quatre Bras, [243]
- — at Waterloo, [258]
- Reserve at Lewes doubtful, [30]
- — at Crecy not wanted, [64]
- — at Poitiers, [76]
- — at Flodden, value of, [126]
- Richmond, duchess of, her ball at Brussels, [243]
- Rifle, invention of, [267]
- — effect at Inkerman, [282]
- River in rear of defeated troops at Lewes, [32]
- — Evesham, [38]
- — Towton, [108]
- — Tewkesbury, [113]
- — Blenheim, [163]
- — Sobraon, [310]
- — obstacle to counter attack at Dunbar, [149]
- — — Ramillies, [168]
- Robin Hood's feats an anachronism, [51]
- Romans, their conquest of Britain, [9]
- — defeat phalanx, [45]
- Romorantin taken by Black Prince, [69]
- Royalists, their advantages at outset of civil war, [129]
- — where predominant, [131]
- Runjeet Sing develops Sikh power, [305]
- — his death, [307]
- Rupert, prince, compared to Edward I. at Lewes, [33]
- — at Edgehill, [131]
- — relieves York, [134]
- — at Marston Moor, [137]
- — at Naseby, [143]
- Russia, Napoleon's invasion of, [228]
- — too far off to help in Waterloo campaign, [239]
- — picks quarrel with Turkey, [268]
- — exhausted by Crimean war, [287]
- Sackville, Ld. G., at Minden, [185]
- S. Albans, battle of, [103]
- S. Lawrence, river, [189]
- S. Sebastian, storming of, [234]
- Salamanca, battle of, [225]
- Salisbury, E. of, at Poitiers, [76]
- — E. of, killed at Orleans, [94]
- — E. of, killed at Wakefield, [103]
- Sambre, river, [242]
- Santarem, Massena retreats to, [209]
- Scarlett, Gen., at Balaclava, [276]
- Schellenberg, stormed by Marlborough, [158]
- Schiltrons, [44]
- Scotland, question of succession to, [40]
- — its previous relations to England, [40]
- — won its independence, [50]
- — permanently hostile to England, [118]
- — suffers repeated defeats, [118]
- — helps Parliament in civil war, [133]
- — takes up cause of Charles II., [145]
- — subjugated by Cromwell, [151]
- Sea, value of command of, in war, to Edward III., [59]
- — to Marlborough, [173]
- — at Quebec, [190]
- — in Peninsula, [199], [228]
- — in Crimea, [269], [288]
- Sebastopol, siege of, its unique character, [274], [287]
- Seine, river, Edward III.'s difficulty in crossing, [60]
- Self-denying Ordinance, [141]
- Sepoys, of all Indian races, [289]
- — their belief in English officers, [290]
- — English won India through, [295]
- — mutiny of, [315]
- Shakespeare on Agincourt, [85]
- Sherbrooke, Gen., at Talavera, [201]
- Siege, transition from mediæval to modern type of, [97]
- — of Sebastopol, last of the Vauban period, [274]
- Sikhs, rise of their power, [305]
- — virtual anarchy among, [307]
- — betrayed by own leaders in first war, [309]
- — provoke second war, [311]
- — become subjects of the East India Company, [315]
- Sindia, (1) ambitious schemes of, [300]
- — (2) provokes war with English in Assye campaign, [301]
- — (3) stands by English in Mutiny, [315]
- Smith, Sir H., at Aliwal, [310]
- Snorro Sturleson, his saga of Stamford bridge, [16]
- Snow during battle of Towton, [108]
- Sobraon, battle of, [310]
- Somerset, D. of, at Towton, [104]
- — D. of, at Barnet, [111]
- — D. of, at Tewkesbury, [114]
- Souham, Gen., [227]
- Soult, marshal, driven from Oporto, [200]
- — forces Wellington to retire after Talavera, [205]
- — takes Badajos, [210]
- — at Albuera, [211]
- — evacuates Andalusia, [227]
- — in command after Vittoria, [234]
- Spain favourable to French claimant, [155], [173]
- — invaded by Napoleon, [197]
- — character of resistance in, [198]
- — government of, incompetent, [199]
- — geography of, [199]
- — French driven out of, [234]
- Squares, natural formation against cavalry in days of musket, [176]
- — at Waterloo, [260]
- — unnecessary with rifle, [276]
- Stakes as defence for archers first used by Henry V., [87]
- Stamford bridge, battle of, [16]
- Standard, Harold's, at Hastings, [23]
- — Montfort's, at Lewes, [30]
- Standing armies. See [Armies]
- Stanley, Sir E., at Flodden, [126]
- Steamers in Crimean war, [270]
- Steinkirk, battle of, [154]
- Stirling, importance of its position, [42]
- — siege by Bruce, [46]
- Stow-on-the-Wold, battle of, [144]
- Strategy, definition of, [4]
- — little understood in middle ages, [69]
- — of Surrey before Flodden, [124]
- Suffolk, E. of, at Orleans, [94]
- Supplies, when regularly furnished to armies, [152]
- — Marlborough careful about, [158]
- — to Wellington in Peninsula by sea, [199], [228]
- — Wellington anxious about, before Waterloo, [241]
- Surajah Dowlah takes Calcutta, [296]
- — defeated at Plassy, [299]
- Surrey, E. of, at Flodden, [120] sqq.
- Sybil's Well, [123]
- Tactics, bearing on history of changes in, [6]
- — novel, Wallace's, at Falkirk, [43]
- — — Edward III.'s at Crecy, [61]
- — of French at Poitiers disastrous, [73]
- — — repeated at Agincourt, [88]
- Tagus, river, [201], [206], [223]
- Talavera, battle of, [202]
- Tallard, marshal, enters Bavaria, [158]
- — faults of his position at Blenheim, [160]
- — taken prisoner, [163]
- Tej Sing at Ferozeshah, [309]
- — at Sobraon, [310]
- Tewkesbury, battle of, [4], [114]
- Thermopylæ, battle of, [6]
- Thielemann, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, [149]
- Thomière, Gen., at Salamanca, [225]
- Todleben, Gen., at Sebastopol, [274], [285]
- Torres Vedras, lines of, [200], [209]
- Tostig, killed at Stamford bridge, [16]
- Toulouse, battle of, [234]
- Tournelles at Orleans, [93]
- Towton, battle of, [107]
- Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, [183]
- — Bassein, [301]
- Treaty of Bretigny, [78]
- — Troyes, [92]
- — Utrecht, [179]
- Troyes, treaty of, [92]
- Turenne, [164]
- Utrecht, treaty of, [179]
- Vauban, [164]
- Vendôme, marshal, at Oudenarde, [170]
- Verneuil, battle of, [93]
- Victor, marshal, at Talavera, [202]
- Villars, marshal, on the Moselle, [165]
- — at Malplaquet, [173]
- Villeroi, marshal, Marlborough forces his lines, [165]
- — at Ramillies, [167]
- Vimiero, battle of, [198]
- Vittoria, battle of, [232]
- Wakefield, battle of, [103]
- Walcheren expedition, [210n]
- Wallace, Sir W., at Cambuskenneth, [42]
- — at Falkirk, [43]
- — novelty of his tactics, [44]
- Waller, Sir W., in civil war, [133], [140]
- Walpole, his peace policy, [180]
- Waterloo, campaign of:
- — Napoleon's general plan for, [241]
- — allies must wait attack, [240]
- — co-operation of Wellington and Blucher in, [249]
- — success attained by Napoleon at outset of, [246]
- Waterloo, battle of:
- — topography, [253]
- — Wellington's position, [254]
- — tactical errors of French, [258], [260]
- — Prussian aid essential part of, [257]
- — completeness of victory, [262]
- Wars, general character of Barons', [33]
- — Scottish Independence, [46]
- — Hundred Years', [79], [99]
- — Roses, [102]
- — Civil, [128]
- — American Independence, [194]
- — Peninsular, [200]
- Warwick, E. of, at Poitiers, [76]
- — E. of, his great power, [103]
- — at Towton, [107]
- — quarrels with Edward IV., [109]
- — at Barnet, [111]
- — his death, [112]
- Washington, Gen., [194]
- Wavre, in Waterloo campaign, [247], [251]
- Webb, Gen., at Wynendael, [173n]
- Wellesley, M., Gov.-Gen. of India, [299]
- Wellington, D. of, in Assye campaign, [299]
- — his plans in Peninsula, [200]
- — invades Spain up Tagus, [201]
- — at Talavera, [202]
- — retreats into Portugal, [205]
- — makes lines of Torres Vedras, [207]
- — retreats before Massena, [207]
- — at Busaco, [208]
- — follows Massena to Almeida, [210]
- — on the defensive in 1811, [214]
- — takes Ciudad Rodrigo, [217]
- — takes Badajos, [220]
- — invades Spain by Douro, [223]
- — at Salamanca, [225]
- — enters Madrid, [227]
- — fails to take Burgos, [227]
- — in Vittoria campaign, [228]
- — commands in Belgium, [239]
- — his position behind the frontier, [240]
- — is slow to concentrate, [243]
- — at Quatre Bras, [244]
- — retreats on Waterloo, [247]
- — in concert with Blucher, [249]
- — his anxiety about Prussian aid, [252]
- — supposed night-ride to Wavre, [253]
- — leaves a large force at Hal, [252]
- — his position at Waterloo, [253]
- — omits to occupy La Haye Sainte properly, [255]
- — in no hurry to use his reserves, [261]
- Weymouth, Q. Margaret lands at, [112]
- Whish, Gen., at Mooltan, [311]
- Whitecoats at Marston Moor, [137]
- William I., his claim to English crown, [12]
- — allied with the Church, [14]
- William I., his preparations, [14]
- — lands at Pevensey, [17]
- — his tactics at Hastings, [25]
- — reigned well, [27]
- William III. brought England into continental wars, [153]
- Willoughby, Lt., at Delhi, [317]
- Wilson, Sir A., at Delhi, [319]
- Wolfe, Gen., at Quebec, [186]
- — helped by command of sea, [190]
- — his death, [193]
- Worcester, first skirmish of civil war at, [131]
- — battle of, [150]
- — Bp. of, at Lewes, [29]
- — Bp. of, at Evesham, [37]
- Wynendael, battle of, [173]
- York, capture of, by Northmen, [15]
- — siege of, [134]
- — D. of, killed at Agincourt, [91]
- — D. of, claims crown against Henry VI., [102]
- — D. of, killed at Wakefield, [103]
- Ziethen, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, [242], [261]
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