THE HORSE'S FOOT

By

H. CAULTON REEKS

Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Author of 'The Common Colics of the Horse'
1906

To

J. MacQueen, F.R.C.V.S.,

PROFESSOR OF SURGERY AT THE ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, LONDON,
AS A SLIGHT ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF HIS ABILITY AS A TEACHER,
AND IN RETURN FOR MANY KINDLY SERVICES,
THIS VOLUME IS GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED BY

THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE

Stimulated by the reception accorded my 'Common Colics of the Horse,' both in this country and in America, and assured by my publishers that a work on diseases of the foot was needed, I have been led to give to the veterinary profession the present volume.

While keeping the size of the book within reasonable limits, no effort has been spared to render it as complete as possible. This has only been achieved by adding to my own experience a great deal of the work of others. To mention individually those who have given me permission to use their writings would be too long a matter here. In every case, however, where the quotation is of any length, the source of my information is given, either in the text or in an accompanying footnote. A few there are who will, perhaps, find themselves quoted without my having first obtained their permission to do so. They, with the others, will, I am sure, accept my hearty thanks.

The publishers have been generous in the matter of illustrations and diagrams, and although to the older practitioner some of these may appear superfluous, it is hoped they will serve to render the work an acceptable textbook for the student.

H. CAULTON REEKS.

SPALDING, January, 1906.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

[INTRODUCTION]

CHAPTER II

[REGIONAL ANATOMY]

CHAPTER III

[GENERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL OBSERVATIONS]

CHAPTER IV

[METHOD OF EXAMINING THE FOOT]

CHAPTER V

[GENERAL REMARKS ON OPERATIONS ON THE FOOT]

CHAPTER VI

[FAULTY CONFORMATION]

CHAPTER VII

[DISEASES ARISING FROM FAULTY CONFORMATION]

CHAPTER VIII

[WOUNDS OF THE KERATOGENOUS MEMBRANE]

CHAPTER IX

[INFLAMMATORY AFFECTIONS OF THE KERATOGENOUS APPARATUS]

CHAPTER X

[DISEASES OF THE LATERAL CARTILAGES]

CHAPTER XI

[DISEASES OF THE BONES]

CHAPTER XII

[DISEASES OF THE JOINTS]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

[1. The Bones of the Phalanx]

[2. The Os Coronæ (Anterior View)]

[3. The Os Coronæ (Posterior View)]

[4. The Os Pedis (Postero-lateral View)]

[5. The Os Pedis (viewed from Below)]

[6. The Navicular Bone (viewed from Below)]

[7. The Navicular Bone (viewed from Above)]

[8. Ligaments of the First and Second Interphalangeal Articulations (Lateral View). (After Dollar and Wheatley)]

[9. Ligaments of the First and Second Interphalangeal Articulations (viewed from Behind). (After Dollar and Wheatley)]

[10. The Flexor Tendons and the Extensor Pedis. (After Haübner)]

[11. The Flexor Perforans and Perforatus]

[12. The Flexor Perforans and Perforatus (the Perforans cut through and deflected)]

[13. Median Section of Normal Foot]

[14. The Arteries of the Foot]

[15. The Veins and Nerves of the Foot]

[16. The Lateral Cartilage]

[17. The Keratogenous Membrane (viewed from the Side)]

[18. The Keratogenous Membrane (viewed from Below)]

[19. The Wall of the Hoof]

[20. Internal Features of the Hoof]

[21. Inferior Aspect of the Hoof]

[22. Hoof with the Sensitive Structures removed]

[23. Section of Epidermis]

[24. Section of Skin with Hair Follicle and Hair]

[25. Section of Human Nail and Nail-bed]

[26. Section of Foot of Equine Foetus. (Mettam)]

[27. Section from Foot of Sheep Embryo. (Mettam)]

[28. Section from Foot of Calf Embryo. (Mettam)]

[29. Section from Foot of Equine Foetus. (Mettam)]

[30. Section through Hoof and Soft Tissues of a Foal at Term. (Mettam)]

[31. Perpendicular Section of Horn of Wall]

[32. Horizontal Section of Horn of Wall]

[33. Horizontal Section through the Junction of the Wall with the Sole]

[34. Section of Frog. (Mettam)]

[35. Professor Lungwitz's Apparatus for Examining the Foot Movements]

[36. Professor Lungwitz's Apparatus for Examining the Foot Movements]

[37. The Movements of the Solar and Coronary Edges of the Hoof illustrated.]

(

Lungwitz

)

[38. The Blind]

[39. The Side-line]

[40. Method of securing the Hind-foot with the Side-line]

[41. The Hind-foot secured with the Side-line]

[42. The Casting Hobbles]

[43. Method of securing the Hind-leg upon the Fore]

[44. The Hind-leg secured upon the Fore]

[45. The Drawing-knife (Ordinary Pattern)]

[46. Modern Forms of Drawing-knives]

[47. Symes's Knife]

[48-51. Illustrating Colonel Nunn's Method of applying a Poultice to the Foot]

[52. Poultice-boot of Canvas and Steel]

[53. Poultice-boot of Cocoa-fibre]

[54. Foot-swab]

[55. The Shoe with Plates]

[56. Quittor Syringe]

[57. The Esmarch Bandage and Tourniquet]

[58. Tourniquet with Wooden Block]

[59. Neurectomy Bistoury]

[60. Neurectomy Needle]

[61. Double Neurectomy Tenaculum]

[62. Adventitious Nerve-supply to Foot. (Sessions)]

[63. Tip Shoe]

[64. The Tip Shoe 'let in' to the Foot]

[65. The Thinned Tip]

[66. Drawing-knife for Charlier Shoeing]

[67. The Foot prepared for the Charlier Shoe]

[68. Bar Shoe]

[69. Rubber Bar Pad on Leather]

[70. The Bar Pad applied with a Half-shoe]

[71. Frog Pad]

[72. Frog Pad applied]

[73. Smith's Expansion Shoe for Contracted Feet]

[74. A Contracted Foot treated with Smith's Shoe]

[75. De Fay's Vice]

[76. Hartmann's Expanding Shoe]

[77. Broué's Slipper Shoe. (Gutenacker)]

[78. Einsiedel's Slipper and Bar-clip Shoe. (Gutenacker)]

[79. Hoof showing Coronary Contraction. (Gutenacker)]

[80. Flat-foot (Solar Surface). (Gutenacker)]

[81. Hoof showing Laminitis Rings on the Wall. (Gutenacker)]

[82. Hoof showing 'Grass' Rings on the Wall. (Gutenacker)]

[83. Club-foot. (Gutenacker)]

[84. Shoe with extended Toe-piece. (Gutenacker)]

[85. A Crooked Foot in Cross-section. (Gutenacker)]

[86. Sand-crack Firing-iron]

[87. Sand-crack Forceps and Clamp. (Vachette's)]

[88. McGill's Sand-crack Clamp]

[89. Koster's Sand-crack Clamp]

[90. Sand-crack Belt]

[91. Method of 'Easing' the Bearing of the Wall on the Shoe in the Treatment of Sand-crack]

[92. Method of 'Easing' the Bearing of the Wall on the Shoe in the Treatment of Sand-crack]

[93. Method of 'Easing' the Bearing of the Wall on the Shoe in the Treatment of Sand-crack]

[94 96. Grooving the Wall in the Treatment of Sand-crack]

[97. Removing the Wall in the Treatment of Sand-crack]

[98. Removing the Wall in the Treatment of Sand-crack]

[99. Horizontal Section of Corn. (Gutenacker)]

[100. Inner Surface of the Wall, showing Changes in Chronic Corn. (Gutenacker)]

[101. Perpendicular Section of the Wall in a Case of Chronic Corn. (Gutenacker)]

[102. Three-quarter Shoe]

[103. Three-quarter Bar Shoe]

[104. Shoe with a 'Dropped' Heel]

[105. Shoe with a 'Set' Heel]

[106. Curette, or Volkmann's Spoon]

[107. Resection of the Terminal Portion of the Perforans Tendon (Gutenacker)]

[108. Shoe with extended Toe-piece. (Colonel Nunn)]

[109. Mesian Section of Foot with Lesions following Coronitis. (Gutenacker)]

[110. Toe of Ordinary Hind-shoe]

[111. Toe of Hind-shoe Bevelled for the Prevention of Overreach]

[112. Hoof showing Lesion in the Wall following Coronitis. (Gutenacker)]

[113. Foot with Lesions of Chronic Coronitis. (Gutenacker)]

[114. Hoof Accidentally Tom from Foot. (Cartledge)]

[115. Hoof Accidentally Tom from Foot. (Rogerson)]

[116. Section of Foot with Laminitis of Eight Days' Duration. (Gutenacker)]

[117. Section of Foot with Laminitis of Fourteen Days' Duration. (Gutenacker)]

[118. Chronic Ostitis of the Os Pedis in Laminitis.]

[119. Broad's Rocker Bar Shoe for Laminitis.]

[120. The Foot showing Grooves made in the Wall for Treatment of Laminitis (Anterior Surface).]

[121. The Foot showing Grooves made for the Treatment of Laminitis (Solar Surface).]

[122. Foot with Chronic Laminitis. (Gutenacker)]

[123. Inferior Aspect of Foot with Chronic Laminitis. (Gutenacker)]

[124. Section of Foot with Laminitis of Three Weeks' Duration. (Gutenacker)]

[125. Section of Foot with Laminitis of Several Years' Duration. (Gutenacker)]

[126. Diagram showing Position of the Abnormal Growth of Horn in Chronic Laminitis.]

[127. Diagram showing the same Abnormal Growth of Horn Removed prior to Shoeing.]

[128. Shoe with Heel-clip.]

[129. Internal Seedy-Toe.]

[130. External Seedy-Toe. (Colonel Nunn)]

[131. External Seedy-Toe. (Colonel Nunn)]

[132. A Keraphyllocele on the Inner Surface of the Horn of the Wall at the Toe. (Gutenacker)]

[133. Os Pedis showing Absorption of Bone caused by the Pressure of a Keraphyllocele. (Gutenacker)]

[134. Foot with Canker of the Frog and Heels. (Gutenacker)]

[135. Foot with Canker extending to the Wall. (Malcolm)]

[136. Foot with Advanced Canker. (Gutenacker)]

[137. Feet affected with Specific Coronitis. (Taylor)]

[138. Fore-foot with Specific Coronitis. (Taylor)]

[139. Excision of the Lateral Cartilage (Old Method). (Gutenacker)]

[140. Excision of the Lateral Cartilage. (After Moller and Frick). (Gutenacker)]

[141. Excision of the Lateral Cartilage. (After Bayer.) (Gutenacker)]

[142. Partial Excision of the Lateral Cartilage]

[143. Ossified Lateral Cartilages, or Side-bones.]

[144. Smith's Side-bone Saw (Old Pattern).]

[145. Smith's Side-bone Saw (Improved Pattern).]

[146. Smith's Hoof Plane.]

[147. Hodder's Hoof Chisel.]

[148. Foot showing the Grooves made in Smith's Operation for Side-bones (viewed from the Side).]

[149. Foot showing the Grooves made in Smith's Operation for Side-bones (viewed from Below).]

[150. Periostitis involving the Pedal and Navicular Bones. (Litt)]

[151. Periostitis involving the Pedal and Navicular Bones. (Litt)]

[152. Effects of Periostitis on the Os Pedis. (Smith)]

[153. Effects of Periostitis on the Os Pedis. (Smith)]

[154. Effects of Periostitis on the Os Pedis. (Jones)]

[155. Effects of Periostitis on the Os Pedis. (Jones)]

[156. Case of Buttress Foot. (Routledge)]

[157. Foot showing Fracture of the Pyramidal Process in a Case of Buttress Foot. (Routledge)]

[158. Fracture of the Os Coronæ. (Crawford)]

[159. Fracture of the Os Coronæ. (Crawford)]

[160. Fractured Os Pedis. (Freeman)]

[161. Navicular Bone showing Lesions of Navicular Disease. (Gutenacker)]

[162. Foot with the Seat of Navicular Disease exposed (showing Lesions). (Gutenacker)]

[163. Navicular Bone showing Lesions of Navicular Disease (a Case of Long-standing). (Gutenacker)]

[164. Frog Seton Needle.]

[165. Diagram showing Course of the Needle in Setoning the Frog.]