INDEX

“Aboth,” treatise, [358 n. 1]
Acilii Glabriones family, Crypt of, [265], [267], [268–9], [270–1];
was Pudens a member of?, [270]
Acilius Glabrio, Consul, martyrdom of, [41–2], [230–1], [269]
Acta Sincera, of Ruinart, on Martyrdom of Theban legion, [148 n. 1]
Acts of the Apostles, Haggadic influence seen in, [379];
model of, [72];
on Christian assemblies, [107];
on S. Paul’s prison life at Rome, [22];
on status of women, [367 n. 1]
Acts of S. Cecilia, in the light of catacomb discoveries, [289] et seq.
Acts of S. Hermes, [274]
Acts of Martyrdom, or Acts and Passions of the Martyrs, archæological and literary corroboration of, [81], [82], [94] & [n. 1]
Critical estimates of, [81] & [nn.], [82], [258]
Few in early days, [33], [35], [48], [53]
Pagan contempt shewn in, [158]
Value of, in exploring Catacombs, [226]
on Numbers of Christians, [104]
on Persecutions, [163]
Acts of the Martyred Slaves, [136]
Acts of the Passion of S. Felicitas, [299];
authenticity of, [300], [304]
Acts of Pastor and Timotheus, tradition in, on Pudens and his family, [263–5]
Acts of S. Valentinus, [276]
Ælia Capitolina, site of, [77];
insults at, to Christians, [78];
results of building, [332], [335–6] et seq.
Ælius Verus, adopted by Hadrian, [83]
Æneas, piety of, [87]
Æneid, teaching of, [88]
Africa (see [Carthage], see also [Egypt]), Christian congregations in, mid-second century, [36]
Agaunum (S. Maurice), Martyrdom legend concerning, [148 n. 1]
Agrippa, builder of Pantheon portico, [280]
Akiba, Rabbi, eminence of, and of his pupils, [337], [354–6]
Fate of, [355] & [n. 1]
Supporter of Bar-cochab, [78], [336–7]
on Massorah, [362 n. 1]
Alcuin, [278]
Aldus Manutius, supporting Pliny’s letter, [46]
Alemanni, death of, [283]
Alexander, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, [259]
Alexandria, Jewish revolts in, [330], [334–5], [346];
literary support from, of Petrine tradition, [10], [13];
plague of, [155 n. 2]
Alexandrian-Jewish influences in Revelation of S. John, [72]
Allard, —, on Acilius Glabrio, [269];
on Archæology as rehabilitating legend, [289];
on Jewish fecundity, first century, in Rome, [5 n. 1];
on the Jews in the Augustan age, [4];
on Nero’s persecution and popular disgust, [42 n. 2];
on the Martyrdom of the Theban legion, [148 n. 1];
on Pliny’s letter, [46];
on S. Peter’s arrival in Rome, [19 n. 1];
on Trajan’s personality, [48]
Translation by, of the Epitaph of Pope Damasus, [215 n. 1]
Almsgiving, in the early Church, [113], [119–22], [123], [130] et seq., [138], [139]
America, Civil War of, cause of, [135 n. 1]
Amoraim, the, [345], [358 n. 1], [359]
Amphitheatre games, horrors of, [50];
Martyrdoms in, [110], [172], [175–6];
training of Christians for, [198]
Ampliatus, Chapel or Crypt of, Domitilla Cemetery, [240]
Tomb of, identification of, [241–2]
Anacletus, Pope, cemetery of, [287];
discoveries in, seventeenth century, [280] et seq.
Memoriæ erected by, over tombs of SS. Peter and Paul, [233], [237], [281] et seq.
Ananias and Sapphira, gift of, voluntary, [120 n. 1]
Anchor, as Christian Emblem, [310]
Angels, Haggadic references to, [378], [379]
Animals, wild, in amphitheatre games, exposure to, of Christians, &c., [175–6], [178], [183], [185], [187], [191], [203], [204], [269]
Anniversaries of Martyrs, first celebrated, [35]
Antioch (see also [Ignatius]), literary support from, of Petrine tradition, [9], [13]
Antipas, martyr, [169]
Antonines, the (see also [Antoninus Pius] and [Marcus Aurelius]), reigns of, [63];
characteristics of, [84] et seq.;
table of succession of, [83]
Antonins, Les, by De Champagny, on Hadrian’s character, [77 n. 1];
on the number of Jews slain in the last wars, [338] & [n. 2]
Antoninus Pius, [186], [277];
adopted by, and successor to, Hadrian, [83];
family and character of, [83], [84], [85]
Attitude of, to Christians, [158];
ignorance of their faith, [77]
Coinage of, [87], [90]
Persecutions by, and reasons for, [33], [80], [81], [84], [91–3], [95], [137], [163 n. 2], [194], [207]
Relations of, with Hadrian, [83], [85]
Apocalypse of S. John, [72];
place of, in early Christian thought, [156–7];
references in, to Persecution, [37], [157], [165], [167–70]
Apologies, The, of Justin Martyr, [128], [184]
on Assemblies, [108], [113–4]
on Persecution, [185–6]
Apology of Aristides, on Burial of the dead by Christians, [132], [133];
on Christian charity, [124] & [n. 1], [126], [130], [138];
on Christians as civil judges, [148];
on Hospitality, [128];
on Slavery, [135]
Apology, or Embassy, of Athenagoras, on Persecution, [188–9]
Apology of Tertullian, and the Octavius of Minucius Felix, [186]
Apostasy, encouraged by Roman rulers, [195], [197];
Hermas on, [181];
results of, [197], [203];
some causes, [201]
Apostolical Constitutions, The, on Almsgiving, [122];
on Hospitality, [128]
Apostolic Fathers, writings of, cast in Letter form, [73]
Apostolic Fathers, by Lightfoot, cited on Pliny’s Letters, [46 n. 1];
on S. Hippolytus, [251]
Apostolic remains, authors and form of, [73];
characteristics and special value of, ib., meant for publication, [74] & [n. 1]
Apronienus, catacomb of, [248]
Aquila and Priscilla, associations of, with S. Paul, and with Pudens, [265–6];
burial-place of, [262], [266];
church founded by, [262]
Arch of Titus, witness of, [333] & [n. 1]
Archæological Relics of S. Peter, Chair, and place of baptism, [12]
Archæology, witness of, to literature and tradition (see also [Catacombs]), [17], [19 n. 1], [81], [82], [108], [147], [152 n. 1], [209] et seq., [289], [295], [298], [304]
to Pagan and Christian views on Death, [154–5]
to Social Status of many early Christians, [111–2]
Arenaria, in Jordani catacomb, [260]
Aristides, see [Apology] of, supra
Aristotle, works of, [146]
Arles, Church of S. Hippolytus at, [255]
Armellini, Prof., on Inscription concerning S. Agnes, [256–7];
Ubaldi’s memoranda published by, [281];
work of, in Catacomb exploration, [239]
Army, Christians in, [148] & [n. 1]
Arnold, Matthew, on the Good Shepherd with the Kid, [320]
Arsacius, Letter to, from Emperor Julian, on Christian characteristics, [123 n. 1], [128], [131]
Arval Brotherhood, College of, [236];
M. Aurelius a member, [95 n. 1]
Asia, Christian congregations in, mid-second century, [36]
Asia Minor (see also [Antioch], &c.), [71]
Christianity in (see also [Pliny’s Letter]), founder, and effects on Paganism, and spread of, [51], [107]
S. John’s prominence in, [9]
Assemblies, Christian, composition of, [110–12], [113], [114], [240], [242]
Importance of, [101];
evidenced in literary references, [107–9]
Joy in, [155]
Places where held (see also [Catacombs]), [139]
Proceedings at, various writers cited, [113] et seq.
References to, in N.T. and later writers, Christian and Pagan, [107] et seq.
Sunday, [108];
observance of, Justin Martyr on, [113–4]
Teaching, doctrines and ritual at, [101], [113] et seq., [124], [126], [128–30], [131–3], [138], [139]
Astolphus, [293]
Athenagoras, [319 n. 1];
on Persecutions, [188–9]
Attire, Rigourist teaching on, [153–4]
Aubé, on the Acts of S. Felicitas, [300];
on Domitian’s persecution, [42 n. 2];
on Trajan’s Rescript, [49]
Augustus Cæsar, [91], [280];
attitude of, to Imperial cultus, [42];
favour shown by, to the Jews, [3];
and the source of Rome’s greatness, [88], [89]
Ausonius, poems of, [64]
Autolycus, letters or books to, from Theophilus of Antioch, [108–9], [189]
Auvergne, [66]
Aventine Hill, church on, [262];
house, &c., of Pudens on, [12], [15]
Avitus, made Emperor, [65]

Baba-Bathra treatise, in the Talmud, [343 n. 1]
Babylon, mystic name for Rome, [8], [10], [14]
Babylonia (see also [Exile]), Jews in, [346]
Rabbinic Schools of, [326], [362–3], [368], [373]
Chief, [358 n. 1]
Mode of teaching in, [357], [358–60]
Work of, [344], [345], [346], [372]
Babylonian Gemara, the, [356] & [n. 4]
Talmud, the, [345],
Haggadic notices in, [358 n. 1]
Baiæ, death at, of Hadrian, [83]
Balaam and his ass, Haggadah on, [377], [378]
Balbina, tomb of, [247]
Baptisteries (see also Wells) in Catacombs of [Pontianus], and [S. Priscilla], [236]
Baptistery of S. Peter, site of, identified by Marucchi, [12], [257], [267], [271–3]
Barberini (Pope Urban VIII), epigram on, [280]
Bar-cochab, false Messiah, cause of last war of the Jews, [336–7];
his Rabbinical supporters, [78], [336–7], [354], [355]
Barnabas, Epistle of, see [Epistles]
Barnes, —, cited on Neronic burning of Christians, [285–6]
on S. Peter’s tomb, [281] & [n.] et seq.
Baronius, Cardinal, [263];
present at finding of S. Cecilia’s body, [294] & [n. 1], [297];
on S. Petronilla, [277]
Basil of Cappadocian Cæsarea, [138]
Basilicas:—
of S. Lawrence “ad Corpus,” Popes buried in, [250]
Domitilla, [278]
Prætextatus, [247]
SS. Hermes and Basilissa, [274–5]
in Cœmeterium Majus, subterranean, [258]
in Rome, third century number and appointments of, [112]
Ruined, crypts beneath, [228]
of S. Agnes, [256–7]
of S. Cecilia, [292], [293] et seq.
of S. Felicitas, [302]
of S. Hippolytus, [251], [254]
of S. Laurence, [250], [254]
of S. Sylvester, burials in, [266] & [n. 1], [272]
When and why erected, [272]
Benson, Archbishop, on S. Cyprian, [122] & [n. 1], [127 n. 1]
Bernini, Baldacchino by, in S. Peter’s, discoveries on erection of, [233 n. 1], [280] et seq.
Bethel, the old prophet of, [321]
Bethia, Zealot headquarters, [336]
“Billicum confessionis,” nature of, that of S. Peter, [237], [282]
Bishops and Popes of Rome (see under Names), claim to be successors of S. Peter, undisputed, [16]
Catalogues of, on date of Linus’s accession, [14];
to Eleutherius, [15]
Early, buried around S. Peter, see [Papal Crypt]
Bithynia and Pontus, [57], [58], [62]
Christians in (see also [Pliny’s letter]), [27], [32], [35 n. 1], [45] et seq., [50], [71], [75], [77], [103] & [n. 2], [110], [177]
Bliss, instant, after Death, Christian hope of, [156]
“Book of Jubilees,” subject-matter of, [377], [378]
Borghesi, Cardinal, [300];
re-interment by, of S. Sebastian, [244]
Bosio, —, pioneer of Catacomb exploration, [223–4];
present at discovery of S. Cecilia’s body, [294] & [n. 1], [297]
Bourges, mention at, of S. Petronilla as S. Peter’s daughter, [278]
Brescia, relics of S. Hippolytus at, [255]
Brotherhood character of early Christianity, [38], [122–3], [270]
Builders, of Basilicas, &c., injury done by, to Catacombs, [250], [257]
Burial customs, Jewish, Christian, and Pagan, [4], [5], [131–3], [264]
Bury St. Edmunds, cult of S. Petronilla in, [278]

Cæcilian family, the, Christians and martyrs of, burial-place of, [245], [291], [296–7] & [n. 1]
Cæcilius, pagan interlocutor in Octavius of Minucius Felix, [146], [186];
arguments of, source of, [145];
contempt of, for Christians, [158];
on Christian love, [119], [129]
C. Aurelius, Censor, [233]
Caius, Bishop or Pope of Rome, burial-place of, identified, [231];
martyred relations of, [259 n. 1]
Caius, Presbyter, [282];
on the Memoriæ of the Apostles in Rome, [11]
Caligula, Emperor, and the Imperial cultus, [42 n. 1]
Callistus, Bishop or Pope of Rome, and martyr, once a slave, [136 n. 1]
Cemetery or Catacomb of, [234], [236–7], [239], [240], [242], [244–6], [251], [261]
Inscription of Damasus once in, on numbers of martyrs, [215] & [n. 1]
Papal burial-place (q.v.), [231], [245–6], [273]
Callistus group of Catacombs, [212]
Carthage, Church of (see also [S. Cyprian]), aid from, to other Churches, [131]
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, [10–11], [13]
Plague at, charity of S. Cyprian and his flock during, [123 n. 1], [127]
“Catacombas, ad,” see [S. Sebastian]
Catacombs or Cemeteries, see also under Names of Saints, &c., and under Via, and see [Inscriptions], [Itineraries], and [Translation]
Decorations of, deductions from, [133], [147], [219], [220], [221]
Exploration of—
beginning, [223] & [n. 1]
progress, [224] et seq.
results, [219], [220–1], [224], [225], [230] et seq.
Workers, see [Bosio], [De Rossi], [Marchi], [Marucchi]
Extent and content of, [133] et seq., [220], [233] et seq.
Jewish burials in, [4]
Literature bearing on, [209–14], [226–8]
Number of, De Rossi on, [232]
Origin of, in general, [38]
Rediscovery of, [223] & [n. 1], [244]
Restorations of, by Pope Damasus, [152 n. 1]
Teaching in, passim;
on Death, [309–11]
Three oldest, [266]
Tombs in, passim
Uses of, [133], [139], [220] et alibi;
for worship, [118], [253], [258]
Witness of, to Acts of Martyrs, [81], [82]
to Christ, [308], [310], [311], [316–20] & [nn.]
to Early Christian history and tradition, [105], [111–2], [133], [163 n. 1], [209] et seq., [219–21]
Catalogues of Roman Bishops on date of Linus’s accession, [14]
Celestinus, Pope, burial-place of, [272]
Cemeteries (see also [Catacombs]), Christian names for, [155]
Cerinthian heresy, [23 n. 1]
Chair of S. Peter, long shown, [12]
Charity among Jews in Rome, [4]
Charlemagne, [278]
Christ, Sayings of, [366]
Teaching of, contrasted with Talmudic, [366–8]
With a Kid, Tertullian on, [319];
M. Arnold’s verses on, [320]
Witness to, of the Catacombs, [308], [310], [311], [316–20] & [nn.]
Christian Institutions, by Dean Stanley, on the Good Shepherd, [318] & [n. 1], [319 n. 1]
Christian, name treated as crime, [39], [189], [191]
Relatives of Emperors, [110], [112], [148], [240], [241]
Religion, powerful factor in spread of, [102–3]
Testimony to spread of Christianity, in the New Testament and after, [107–9]
Unity, its double bond of Doctrine and Love, [118–9]
Writers, early, on Numbers of Christians, [101], [208];
words cited, [103–6]
on Persecutions, &c., [36], [37], [81], [82], [163–5], [166–7], [177–91], [208];
words cited, [103–6]
Christianity, see also [Martyrs], [Persecutions], &c.
Early, connection of, with Judaism, [325]
Growth of, [37] et seq., [107], [150] & [n. 1], [151]
Importance to, of history of the Jews after the last Wars, [326] et seq.
of the Talmud, [326], [327], [348], [370] & [n. 1]
Influence on, of Rabbinical studies, [326–7]
Menace of, to Judaism after the Dispersion, [355]
Roman view of, after Jewish War of Extermination, [78], [79], [80]
Christians, see [Pliny’s Letter], see also [Idol-worship], [Incense], and [Persecutions]
Accused of burning Rome, [27];
and burned by Nero, [28–9]
Classes composing, [101], [110–12], [148], [240], [241], [291], [296–7] & [n. 1], [299], [307–8]
Discriminated from Jews, [27], [30], [92], [164], [341]
Expelled from Rome by Claudius, [25]
Fanatics among, [97]
Guerdon of the faith of, [154] et seq.
Jewish opposition to, in Rome, [18]
Life of, in early days, [33–7], [101] et seq., [78–81], [140] et seq.
Numbers of, and of Martyrs (q.v.), [28], [46 n. 1], [53], [215];
witnesses to, [82] & [n. 1], [101], [103–6]
Schools of teaching among, two, [101]
Christology of the Catacombs, [220];
of S. Paul, [23–4]
Chronicles, Book of, Haggadic expansion of, [378]
Church calendars, Martyrs first mentioned in, [208]
Church, The, in the Empire, cited, see under [Ramsay]
Church of the Propaganda, S. Hyacinthus’s remains in, [275]
Church of Rome (see also [Rome], Christians in, &c.), early importance of, [16], [17]
Cicero, the first great letter-writer, epistolary style of, [67], [71];
fashion set by, [56–7], [58], [64];
period of, [56];
popularity of, [69]
on the Jews in Rome, [3];
on Slaves, [134]
Circumcision forbidden to Jews in Rome, [335]
Civil service, Christians in, [144], [145], [148–9]
Civil War, U.S.A., causes of, [135 n. 1]
Claudian, poems of, [64]
Claudius, Emperor, [235];
expulsion by, of Jews, from Rome, [8], [18], [25];
S. Peter at Rome during reign of, [11], [12], [14]
Claudius Gothicus, Emperor, martyrs in reign of, [262], [276]
Clement of Alexandria, [179];
teaching of, [138];
writings by, see [Pædagogus];
cited in support of Petrine tradition, [10], [13];
on Christians living in the world, [146];
on Christians of wealth, [111] & [n. 1]
Clement VIII, Pope, and the finding of S. Cecilia’s body, [294], [297];
and S. Peter’s tomb, [282]
Clermont, Sidonius Apollinaris, bishop of, [66]
Clitumnus fountain, Pliny’s description of, [60]
“Clivium Cucumeris, ad,” Catacomb so called, [275]
Codex Sinaiticus, The Shepherd of Hermas included in, [179–80]
Cœlian Hill, church on, Saints buried in, [249]
“Cœmeterium Majus,” chief interest of, and other names of, [255], [ 257–8];
subterranean church in, [258]
Cœmeterium Ostrianum, [255], [257], [271]
“Cognitiones,” the, [43], [50]
Cologne, relics of S. Laurence at, [255]
Colosseum, the, martyrdoms in, [172]
Column of the Passion, at S. Zeno’s chapel, [263]
Commentaries on the Gospels, &c., by Theophilus of Antioch, [189]
Commodilla, catacomb of, [236], [238]
Commodus, Emperor, [333 n. 2];
Apology of Athenagoras addressed to, [188]
Attitude of, to Christians, [97], [147], [164], [208]
Communion of Saints, early Christian view on, [307] et seq.
Communism and the early Church, [120] & [n. 1], [130]
Constantine the Great (see also [Peace of the Church]), [197], [369]
Basilicas built by, to
S. Agnes, [256–7]
S. Paul, [237], [238]
S. Peter, [233], [237–8], [273], [279–80], [282–3]
Edict of Milan issued by, [150]
Memoria built by, to S. Laurence, [250]
Corinth, Epistles to, of S. Clement, S. Ignatius, S. Paul, and Pope Soter, see under [Epistles]
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, [10], [13]
SS. Peter and Paul at, [10]
Cornelius, Bishop or Pope, of Rome, and martyr, tomb of, [243];
discovery of, [246]
on Almsgiving by the Roman Church, [105], [120];
on the number of the Christians at Rome, [105], [106]
Council, the, of Jerusalem, [8]
“Couples,” the, and the oral Law, [339], [340]
Crassus, Consul, [56]
Creation legends in “Book of Jubilees,” [377–8]
Cremation, not practised by Jews, [4]
Crescentius, martyr, tomb of, [266]
Cross on S. Peter’s sarcophagus, [282–3]
Cruelty, Pagan and Christian, Rutilius on, [159]
Crusaders, Itineraries for, [210], [227]
Crypts, famous, see [Acilii Glabriones Lucina], [Papal], [Platonia], [Prætextatus], SS. Cecilia, Januarius, Priscilla, Silanus, &c.
Age of, how determined, [267]
Identification of, by De Rossi, [225], [230] & [n. 1], [242]
Local indications of presence of, [228–9]
Cureton, Canon, and the Ignatian Epistles, [173 n. 1]
Cyprus, Zealot revolt in, [334–5]
Cyrene, Jews of, [346];
revolt of, [334–5]
Cyrinus, martyr, tomb of, [243]

Damasus, Pope, [263], [272], [301]
Epistle of, honouring S. Felicitas, [259]
Inscriptions of, aid of, to Catacomb explorers, [229–30];
one cited on many martyrs buried together, [215] & [n. 1]
and the Martyrs at tomb of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, [261]
Work of, in the Catacombs, decoration, inscriptions, and epitaphs, [152 n. 1], [215] & [n. 1], [229–30], [249], [252], [275], [291–2], [296 n. 1], [297], [302], [305]
Daniel, the prophet, and Idol-worship, [149]
Book of, cited on Almsgiving, [121]
David, King, [352]
Dead, burying of, by Early Christians, [120], [131–3], [264]
Death, Christian attitude to, [154–5], [309], [311]
Pagan attitude to, [59 n. 1], [83], [313–4]
De Boissier, —, on Pliny’s letter, [46];
on the School for Martyrdom, [198 n. 1]
De Broglie, —, on Toleration shown by early Christian teachers, [142–3]
De Champagny, —, on Hadrian’s character, [77 n. 1];
on number of Jews destroyed in the last wars, [338] & [n. 2]
Decius Aurelius, Emperor, persecutions under, [40], [97], [163 n. 2], [250], [254];
martyrs in, [236];
reason for, [194]
Decoration of Catacombs, evidence from, and teaching of, [225], [267], [268], [269], [292], [301–2], [308] et seq.;
portraits among, [296];
value of, to explorers, [229]
Deissmann, Prof., on the Epistles, as written for publication, [71]
Deities associated with Rome, [87], [89]
De Rossi, G., Archæological work of, [209], [239], [246], [260], [261], [267]
Excavations and discoveries by, [12], [42], [224], [246], [247], [254], [266 n. 1], [274]
Results, [225], [230] et seq.
Value to, of Itineraries, [226] et seq., [242], [243], [246], [247]
on Acilius Glabrio, [269];
on the Acts of S. Felicitas, [300];
on Cœmeterium Majus as S. Peter’s Baptistery, [257];
on Common tombs of martyrs, [215 n. 1];
on Crypt of Lucina, [245];
on Epitaphs in the Catacombs, [310];
on the “Ostrian” Cemetery, [255], [257];
on the place of martyrdom of S. Chrysanthus, [260];
on Pudens, [265], [270];
on S. Cecilia’s burial-place, [289], [291], [292], [293 n. 1], [295–7], [298];
on scenes of S. Peter’s work, [12], [257], [267], [271];
on S. Petronilla, [277];
on S. Priscilla’s Catacomb, [261–2];
on the Tomb of Ampliatus, [241–2];
on the Tombs of Sons of S. Felicitas, [301–2]
Despots, the malady of, [26], [82]
Deuteronomy, Rabbinic claim for last verses of, [343], [364]
“Devising new things,” a crime under Domitian, [269]
Dialogue with the Jew Trypho, by Justin Martyr, [184];
on Persecution, [185–6]
Diana, worship of, [195]
Didaché, the, teachings of, [138];
on Almsgiving, [121], [123];
on Assemblies, [108];
on Hospitality, [128];
on Slaves and Masters, [135]
Dill, Prof., cited on Roman wish for posthumous remembrance, [59 n. 1]
Diocletian, Emperor, [75]
Baths of, [302]
Christian relations of, [148]
Christians at Court of, [147]
Persecutions under, [97], [163 n. 2], [236], [244], [246], [249], [266]
Martyrs in, [234], [239], [259 n. 1], [260], [276];
official records of Roman martyrdoms destroyed in his reign, [225]
Protracted, light on, from Catacombs, [231]
Reasons for, [42] & [n. 1], [194]
Severity of, reaction after, [151]
Diognetus, Letter to, by unknown writer, on Persecution, [177–8];
suggested date, [178] & [n. 1]
Dion Cassius, [75], [269];
on Domitian’s executions, [41];
on the last wars of the Jews, [338 n. 1];
on Nerva’s treatment of Christians, [171]
Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, on Christians at Court, [147];
on Roman generosity to other Churches, [131]
Dionysius of Corinth, cited on Alms to other Churches from Rome, [130–1];
in support of Petrine tradition, [10], [13]
Dionysius, Pope, martyr, tomb of, [243]
Docetic teaching, heresy of, [23 n. 1]
“Domine quo vadis,” Church, and legend of, [239]
Domitian, Emperor, Arch of Titus finished by, [333 n. 1]
Christian relatives of, [110], [112];
burial-place of, [240], [241]
Emperor-worship enforced by, [170]
Fate of, [42] & [n. 2], [43], [48], [171]
Persecutions under, [32], [171], [172], [173], [174], [207], [255], [269];
reasons for, and severity of, [40–2], [194]
Triumph of, [333]
Domitilla, catacomb of, [261]
Age, grandeur, and size of, [240], [266]
Basilica in, [278]
Builder of, [112]
Discovery of, [230];
and discoveries in, [239], [240–2]
Flavian tombs in, [277]
S. Petronilla buried in, [279]
Domitilla, two Princesses so named, martyred by Domitian, [41], [230]
Doulcet,—, ref. to, [300]
Dove, in Christian symbolism, [310]
Drei, Benedetto, plan by, of Vatican Cemetery (ancient), [287–8]
Dryden, John, poem by on S. Cecilia, [294 n. 1]
Duchesne,—, on Christianity as equivalent to Martyrdom, [37];
on The Shepherd of Hermas, [179] & [n. 1], [181];
on S. Cecilia’s burial-places, [293 n. 1];
term used by, for Church of Rome, [16] & [n. 1]

Eadburg, Queen, [279]
Early Christian writers and teaching on Slavery, [135], [136–7]
Ebert and others on relative dates of Tertullian and Minucius Felix, [186]
Edict against Christians issued by Nero, [32], [54];
of Milan, [150]
Education, difficulties concerning, of Early Christians, [141–2]
Église, L’, Chrétienne, ref. by Renan, on Hermas’s Shepherd, [180]
Église, L’, et l’Empire Romain, by De Broglie, on early Christian toleration, [142–3]
Egypt, see [Alexandria]
Einsiedeln, Itinerary of, cited, [212];
date, [227]
“Syllogæ” at, [230]
Elders and Judges, and the Law, [339], [349]
Elements of the Faith, by Theophilus of Antioch, [189]
Eleutherius, Bishop or Pope of Rome, burial-place of, [287];
list of predecessors of, [15]
Elisha, prophet, on Ceremonial idolatry, [149]
Emblems used in the Catacombs, [310] et alibi
Emperor-worship, [42] & [n. 1], [169], [170], [181], [194], [195]
England, crusade of, against Slavery, Lecky on, [135 n. 1]
Ephesians, Epistles to, see [Epistles]
Ephesus, the “highway of martyrs,” [173]
Epistles or Letters, anonymous, see [Diognetus], [Hebrews], [Polycarp]
Apostolic, [73–4];
on Persecution, [165], [166–7]
of New Testament writers, [70–2]
Catholic, [71], [72]
Pastoral, [72]
Patristic, on Persecution, [165], [170–6]
by Various writers, Christian and Pagan;
see also [S. Cyprian]
Barnabas, [74]
on Assemblies, [108];
on Christ’s atonement, [116–7]
tradition on, [73]
Cicero, [56–7], [58], [64], [67], [69], [71]
Dionysius of Corinth to the Roman Church, [130–1]
Fronto, to M. Aurelius, [63–4] & [n. 1], [85], [86–7]
Horace, [69 n. 1]
Julian, Emperor, to Arsacius, [123 n. 1], [128], [131]
Ovid, [69 n. 1]
Pliny the younger (q.v.), [57], [59–62]
Polycarp, [73], [125]
S. Clement of Rome,
to the Corinthians, [73]
First, [37], [104] & [n. 2], [126], [128], [165], [170–2];
teaching of, [138];
cited in support of Petrine tradition, [9]
Second, so called, [104 n. 2], [121] & [n. 1]
S. Ignatius of Antioch, [73]
Authenticity of, [165], [172–3] & [n. 1]
to Corinth, [108], [172–6]
to Ephesus, [173]
to Magnesians, [174]
to Polycarp, [108]
to Rome, [9], [37], [154], [173], [174–5], [199], [204–5]
to Tralles, [173]
S. James, meant for publication, [71];
on Assemblies, [107];
on wealthy Christians, [110];
on “pure religion,” [126]
S. John,
First, meant for publication, [71], [72]
Third, on Hospitality, [129]
S. Jude, meant for publication, [71], [72]
S. Paul, two classes of, [70–2]
to Colossians, [23–4], [70]
to Corinthians, [21]
First, [134–5];
Haggadic influence in, [379]
Second, [71]
to Ephesians, nature of, [23], [70]
to Galatians, [21], [135], [379]
to Philemon, [71], [134]
to Philippians, [23], [70], [154]
to Romans, [17], [19] & [n. 1], [21], [24], [107], [129];
Linus mentioned in, [283]
to Thessalonians, [21]
to Timothy, First and Second, [72], [379]
to Titus, [72], [135]
on the Church at Jerusalem, and its poverty, [120 n. 1], [130]
S. Paulinus of Nola to Sulpicius Severus, on his slave, [136–7]
S. Peter, First, [71], [129];
date and place of writing, [8] & [n. 1], [16], [18], [19], [51], [107], [135], [165], [166 n. 1], [167];
to whom addressed, [107]
Seneca, [57], [69], [71];
to Lucilius, [29]
Sidonius Apollinaris, [64], [66–7]
Soter, to Corinth, [104]
Theophilus of Antioch, to Autolycus, [108–9], [189]
Epitaphs (see also [Inscriptions]) in the Catacombs, Characteristics of, Christian, [154–5], [307–9];
Pagan, [154–5], [313–4]
Equality without democracy among Early Christians, [38]
Eschatologic trend of the Haggadah, [378]
Esquiline Hill, church on, [262]
Essenes, the, [330]
Europe, Christian congregations in mid-second century, [36]
Eusebian catalogue of Roman Bishops, value of, in support of Petrine tradition, [14], [15],
Armenian version of above, ib. ib.
Eusebius, Bishop or Pope of Rome, [128], [147], [187–8];
attempted exculpation by, of Trajan, [49];
burial-place of, [243];
identified, [243]
cited in support of Petrine tradition, [10], [11–12], [14];
on Almsgiving, [120], [127];
on high offices filled by Christians, [149];
on the Plague, and on Christian charity, [127];
on Pliny’s correspondence with Trajan, [45];
on Theophilus of Antioch, [189]
Evander, home of, [87]
Évangiles, Les, by Renan, cited on Pliny’s letter, [46 n. 1];
on Trajan as persecutor, [49]
Evaristus, Bishop or Pope of Rome, burial-place of, [287]
Exhortatio ad Martyrum, by Origen, [199]
Exile of the Jews, in Babylonia,
Effect of, on their character, [348], [361], [371]
Return from,
Rise of the Scribes on, [343], [356]
Talmud, origin of, coeval with, [348]
Ezra, [342], [343]

Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, [105]
Faith, in Early Christian Church, [39]
Fame, posthumous, Roman yearning for, [59] & [n. 1], [65]
Family life, early Christian difficulties in, [140–1]
Fasting, early Church, [124] & [n. 1];
Rigourist teaching on, [153]
Filocalus, Furius Dionysius, inscriptions cut by, [230];
fame of, [301]
Fire of Rome, the great, [25];
attributed to Nero, [26–7], [28], [31], [285];
consequence of, to Christians and to Jews, [27–30]
Martyrdom by, [28–30], [256];
unusual, [275]
Fish, mystic, explained, [310], [316–7] & [n. 1]
Flaccus, [3]
Flavian Emperors, the (see also [Domitian], [Titus], and [Vespasian]), persecutions under, and reasons for, [39–42], [163 n. 1], [172], [173], [174];
tombs of, [277]
Flavianus, Pope, martyr, tomb of, [243]
Flavius Clemens, Consul, martyred by Domitian, [41]
Florus, Procurator of Judea, [330]
Forgiveness of Sin, consciousness of, joy from, [155–6]
Formula for reply, of possible Martyrs, [199]
Fortitude under Torture, Justin Martyr on, [185];
moral effect of, Lecky on, [193–4];
Roman view, [193], [205]
Forum, the, [86], [89]
Freedmen, in Rome, [137]
Freeman, Prof., on S. Petronilla’s altar, at Gloucester, [279]
Friedländer,—, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, [49]
Fronto, [95], [145];
contempt of, for Christians, [158];
correspondence with Marcus Aurelius and his colleague, [63–4];
letters of, on Antoninus Pius, [85], [86–7]

Galatians, Epistle to, see [Epistles]
Galba, Emperor, [39], [331]
Gallerius, Emperor, and the cemeteries, [237]
Gallus, Cestius, siege by, of Jerusalem, [330]
Gamaliel, the elder, [366]
Gaul (see also [Lyons], [Vienne], &c.), Visigoth invasion of, [66]
Gemara, the, [344–5] & [n. 1], [346], [362], [370];
basis of, [358 n. 1], [360], [361];
exclusive spirit in, [366–8];
extravagances of, [347];
Rabbis of, [358 n. 1], [359];
study of, [362–3];
two versions of, [356] & [n. 4]
Generosa, catacomb of, [235], [236]
Genesis, Book of, Haggadic commentary on, [377–8]
Gentle School of Christian teaching, [101], [157]
Gieseler,—, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, [49]
Ginsberg, Dr., work of, on Massoretic notes, [363–4]
Gloucester Abbey, altar and chapel of S. Petronella at, [279]
Gnosticism, rise of, concurrent with Rabbinism, [326]
Teachers of, classes addressed by, [112 n. 1]
Golden Age, The, of the Church (by author), cited, on Saints’ power over Animals, [176 n. 1]
Good Shepherd, the, paintings of, in Catacombs, [248], [301], [308], [310], [317–20] & [nn.]
Gospel, the, at Rome, problem of its beginnings, tradition as to founder, [7];
literary quotations sustaining, [8], [9] et seq.
Gospels (see also under Names), Canonical, in circulation temp. Antonines, [96];
form of, [72];
power of, [103];
woman’s position in, [367] & [n. 1]
Government service, Christians in, difficulties of, [141], [144], [145], [147], [148–9]
Graffiti in the Catacombs, [248], [251], [259]
Great Synagogue, the Men of, [339], [340]
Greece (see also [Corinth]), S. Paul’s missionary success in, [107]
Gregory the Great, additions by, to Basilica of S. Paul, [238];
and the Monza labels, [214], [228], [303–4];
homily by, on S. Felicitas, [305];
prayer of, for Trajan, [49];
on the Acts of S. Felicitas, [300];
on reverence for tombs of great Saints, [283]
Gregory IV, Pope, [275]

Hadrian, Emperor, [104], [164], [182], [274];
accession and reign of, authorities on, [75];
buildings by, at Jerusalem, [77–8], [332], [335–6] et seq.;
character of, [75], [85];
cities founded by, [76 n. 1];
death, last days, and insanity of, [82–3], [84], [335]
Persecutions by, and attitude towards Christianity, [77], [81–3], [163 n. 2], [247];
reason for, [194]
Rescript of, [80];
effect of, [180]
Villa of, [82]
Wars of, [325]
Zealot revolt under, [334]
Haggadah, the, [343] & [n. 2], [344];
detailed explanation of, [371] et seq., [377–9];
Divine inspiration claimed for, [365];
edited by R. Akiba, [356];
in the Exile, and after, [349–50], [351] & [n. 1], [371] et seq.;
Talmud popularity largely due to, [371];
sources of, [372–3]
Haggadic notices, nature of, [373];
where met with, [358 n. 1], [372], [373]
Haggai, the prophet, and the oral Law, [339]
Hagiographa, Divine inspiration ascribed to, [365]
Halachah, the, [343] & [n. 2], [344], [349], [350];
developments of, [376–7];
discussions on, [360];
editions of, by R. Akiba, [354–6],
by “Rabbi,” [358 n. 1];
reduced to writing by “Rabbi,” [372] & [n. 1]
Harnack, A., on authorship of 2nd Epistle of Clement of Rome, [104 n. 2];
on The Shepherd of Hermas, its date, [179] & [n. 1];
and various classes in the Church, [124–5];
on the Martyrdom of Theban legion, [148 n. 1];
on numbers of early Christians, inference from size of Catacombs, [105–6] & [n. 1];
on the Pædagogus of Clement of Alexandria, [111 n. 1]
Hebrews, Epistle to the, [71], [72];
Haggadic influence seen in, [379];
on Christian Assemblies, [107];
on Charity, [130];
on Hospitality, [128–9];
on Persecution, [165], [166]
Hegesippus, list by, of Roman Bishops, [15]
Heracleon, Gnostic teacher, [112 n. 1]
Heresies and Heretics, first century, at Rome, [22], [23] & [n. 1]
Heretical teachers, second century, successful contentions of Christians with, [37]
Hermas, author of The Shepherd (Pastor) (q.v.), [136 n. 1], [178];
teaching of, [138], [179], [182–3]
Herod Antipas, and S. Peter, [19 n. 1]
Herod family, [3], [329]
Herod the Great, [340]
Herodians, [329]
Hilary of Poitiers, on persecuting Roman Emperors, [40] & [n. 3]
Hillel, [356];
attempt of, to edit Mishnah material, [351];
codification work of, [356 n. 1];
and Shammai, [339],
debt to, of Rabbinism, [340]
Histoire Ancienne de l’Église, by Duchesne, cited, [16] & [n. 1], [179] & [n. 1], [181], [293 n. 1]
Histoire des Persécutions, by Allard (q.v.), cited, [19 n. 1], [42 n. 1], [48]
Histoire des Persécutions, by Aubé, cited, on Domitian, [42 n. 2]
Historia Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestriæ, on Royal burials near S. Petronilla’s altar, [279]
Histories of Tacitus (q.v.), the Lost, passage from (alleged) on destruction of the Temple, [331] & [n. 1], [332]
History of European Morals, by Lecky, on Christian charity, [137–8];
on Christian fortitude and its effects, [193–4];
on Christianity, causes of its spread, [150] & [n. 2];
on Slavery, [134], [135] & [n. 1], [136 n. 1]
Honorius, Emperor, [56], [252–3];
and the Basilica of S. Paul, [238]
Honorius I, Pope, [276];
and the Basilica of S. Pancras, [235]
Honorius III, Pope, additions by, to S. Paul’s Basilica, [238];
and the Basilicas to S. Laurence, [250]
Honorius IV, Pope, the Talmud condemned by, [366]
Hope, Christian, for the joy of the Future Life, [156–8], [311];
evidence of Catacombs on, [268]
Horace, poetic epistles of, [69 n. 1]
Horatius and the bridge, [87]
Hospitality, in the early Church, [128–9];
in provision of graves, [38]
Hyginus, Pope, burial-place of, [287]

Ichthus, meaning of, [310], [316–7] & [n. 1]
Idol-worship (see also [Incense]), Ceremonial, attitude to, of Rigourist and opposite schools, [144–5], [147], [148];
Old Testament attitude to, [149];
Tertullian on, [203]
Ignatius and Polycarp, by Lightfoot, cited, [40 n. 3]
Immortality, Christian ideas on, [156–8]
Imperial cultus, see [Emperor-worship]
Families, Christian members of, [110], [112], [148], [240], [241]
Household, Christians in, [147]
Incense, offering of (see also [Idol-worship]), test for Christians, [52], [53], [181], [194–6]
Insanity of despots, see [Hadrian] and [Nero]
Inscriptions in the Catacombs (see also [Damasus]), [237], [251], [267], [268], [271], [285], [296–7], [301]
Greek, [256–7];
age witnessed by, [267], [268]
“Graffiti,” later, [229]
Teaching of, [219], [220], [225], [307]
Value of, to explorers, [229]
Inspiration, claimed for Haggadah, [365];
of Jewish Scriptures, Talmud view on, [364–5];
of New Testament writings, [70];
voice of, cessation of, [73]
Invocation of Saints, not generally taught in Catacombs, [312]
Irenæus, teacher of S. Hippolytus, [14], [138], [170], [251], [315], [319 n. 1];
list of Roman Bishops by, [15];
writings addressed by, to cultured classes, [111 n. 1]
cited in support of Petrine tradition, [10], [14]
on Christians at Court, [147];
on the founding of the Roman Church by SS. Peter and Paul and on Linus, [15];
on numbers of Christians at Rome, [104], [106], [107];
on Polycarp and his memories of S. John, [73]
Isaiah, the prophet, [365];
book of, 53rd chapter of, use made of, by early Christian writers, [117] & [n. 1]
cited on Forgiveness of Sins, [155]
Israel, Glorification of, the object of the Talmud, [345]
Itineraries, Pilgrim (see also Names), value of, to explorers of Catacombs, &c., [209] et seq., [227–8], [242], [243], [246], [247]

Jamnia, Rabbinic School at, [326], [353], [357], [358 n. 1]
Jannes and Jambres, source of names of, [379]
Jerusalem, Ælia Capitolina built on site of, [332], [335–6];
result, [336–8];
Hadrian’s insults at, to Christianity, [77–8]
Apostolic Council at, S. Peter at, [8]
Communism in the Church at, results of, [120 n. 1], [130]
Fall and destruction of, effect on Jewish nation, [22], [39], [340], [342], [346–8], [351], [353], [355], [357], [362], [368]
Parties in, before first great war, [329–30]
Sieges of, in order of date, by Gallus, [330];
Vespasian, [331];
Titus, [331–3];
Severus, [337]
Taken by Pompey, [3]
Jesus Christ (see also [Christ]), Godhead of, importance of the testimony of Apostolic Fathers in regard to, [74]
Jew, the, and the Talmud (Book V.), [325] et seq.
Jewish Encyclopædia, cited on the life of Rabbinic schools, [359]
Jewish heroes, Haggadic legends of, [378]
Learning, stimulus to, of Talmudic study, [369]
National ideals as affected by War of Extermination, [78–9]
Scriptures, Canonical, [361];
inspiration of, [364–5]
Women, disabilities of, [367] & [n. 1], [380]
Jews, attitude of, to the Gospel, reasons for, [7]
Discrimination of, from Christians by Romans, progress of, [27], [30], [78], [79], [80], [92], [164]
of the Dispersion, influence on, of Rabbinism, [339–41];
and of the Talmud, [339] et seq., [368–9]
Fate of, after last wars, [325–6]
History of, in Old Testament and after, [325–6];
evidential importance of, to Christianity, [325], [326]
Persecutions of, and martyrs of, [336], [337], [338]
Preservation of, as distinct race, [326];
cause of, [339], [345–7]
in Rome, [3–6], [346];
expulsion of, [8], [18], [25];
Roman attitude to beliefs of, [3], [39];
rulers favourable to, [3]
Twentieth Century, distinct, still, as race, [326];
influence of, [346];
numbers of, [369]
Wars of, the three last, story of, and of consequences, [77], [78–9], [80], [325], [329] et seq., [354]
Jochanan ben Zacchai, Rabbi, and his school of disciples, work of, on the Mishna, [341], [353];
teaching of, [358]
John, the Abbot, [228]
John, the Deacon, [49]
John, King, desired burial-place of, [321]
John, the Presbyter, cited on S. Mark, [9–10]
Jordani, catacomb of, [258], [260];
tombs in, of sons of S. Felicitas, [259], [303]
Joseph of Arimathea, [110]
Joseph the patriarch, and idol-worship, [149]
Josephus, on the burning of the Temple, [331]
Joshua, and the oral Law, [339]
Judæa, Roman rule over, [329];
and revolts against (see also [Jews, Wars of], and [Zealots]), [329] et seq.
Judaism, Authority and Influence of the Talmud on, [368–9]
Julia Sabina, wife of Hadrian, [75]
Julian, Emperor, [75]
Letter from, to Arsacius, on Christian characteristics, [131];
on Christian brotherliness, [123 n. 1], [128]
Julianus, Pope, martyr, tomb of, [243]
Julius Cæsar, [56];
favour shewn by, to Jews, [3]
Julius I, Pope, [276]
Jupiter, worship of, test for Christians, [194], [195]
Justin Martyr, [319 n. 1];
compared with Theophilus of Antioch, [189];
martyrdom of, [94], [104], [184];
teaching of, [138]
on Aid to Prisoners, [130];
on Almsgiving, [113–4], [119], [129];
on Assemblies, [108], [113–4];
on Care of the Sick, [127];
on Christian fortitude, [185];
on Christ’s atonement, [117];
on highly-placed Christians, [111];
on Hospitality, [113–4], [128], [129];
on the numbers of Christians, [104], [106], [107];
on Persecutions, [37], [184–6];
on progress of Christianity, [107]
Justinian, Emperor, dedication of a church by, to a slave-saint, [136 n. 1];
Talmud condemned by, [365]
Justus, and S. Nicomedes, [255–6]
Juvenal, on Domitian’s unpopularity, [42] & [n. 2];
on the ideal Roman, [88];
on Roman Society, [58]

Kabbala, the, [360], [362 n. 1]
Kimchi, D., famous Rabbinist, [369]
Kyneburg, Abbess of Gloucester, [279]

Lactantius, on Almsgiving, [122];
on Care for widows and orphans, [126–7];
on Christian virtues, and burial of the dead, [131–2], [133];
on Persecutions, [32]
Lanciani,—, [236],
cited on Basilica of S. Paul, [238]
Languages, of Christian Epitaphs in Catacombs, [308]
Lateran Museum, Christian sarcophagi in, sculptures on, [19 n. 1]
Latin language, debt of, to Cicero, [58]
Latin Literature, by Dr. Mackail, cited on Marcus Aurelius’s letters, [63 n. 1]
Law, Mosaic (see [Torah] and [Midrash]), Commentaries on, see Haggadah, Halachah, [Midrash], Talmud, Targumim, &c.
Roman, on treatment of Christians, [32], [49]
“Law upon the Lip,” tradition on, [339]
Le Blant,—, on the School for Martyrdom, [198 n. 1]
Lecky, W. H., cited, see [History of European Morals]
Leland’s Itinerary, on cult of S. Petronilla (Petronell), [278–9]
Leo III, Pope, translation of S. Felicitas and Silanus by, [259], [302]
Leo IV, Pope, saints translated by, [249];
on tombs of Priscilla and Aquila, [262]
Letter-form, of Apostolic “remains,” [73];
in Literature, reason of popularity, [70–1];
sole O.T. instance of, [69]
Letters (see also [Epistles]), by Classical writers and others, in Roman literature, [56] et seq.
meant for publication, [56], [61–2], [65], [66], [67], [68];
not so meant, [63]
others, by Christians modelled on these lines, [69] et seq.
Letters relating the Martyrdom of Polycarp, genuine, [81 n. 1]
Liber Pontificalis, antiquity of, [15];
value of, to Catacomb explorers, [226–7]
cited on Basilica of Constantine the Great at S. Peter’s tomb, [282];
on S. Cecilia’s tomb, [262], [293 n. 1], [296];
on Novatus, [264];
on S. Priscilla’s catacomb, burials in, [266];
on S. Pudentiana and her sister, [264], [265 n. 1]
Liberian or Philocalian catalogue, cited in support of Petrine tradition, [14], [15];
on burials in S. Priscilla’s cemetery, [266];
on the tomb of S. Felicitas and her sons, [301], [302–3], [304]
Liberius, Pope, [301];
burial-place of, [272]
Licinius, [29]
Lightfoot, Bp., [121 n. 1];
on the Acts of the Passion of S. Felicitas, [300];
on the Antonine persecutions, [94] & [n. 2];
on the authorship of the 2nd Epistle of Clement of Rome, [104 n. 1];
on Caius, [11];
on the date of the Epistle to Diognetus, [178 n. 1];
on the date of Octavius, [186];
on Epistolary form as usual with the Apostles, [74 n. 1];
on genuineness of Pliny’s letter, &c., [46] & [n. 1];
on Hilary’s reference to Vespasian’spersecutions, [40] & [n. 3];
on Ignatius, [73];
authenticity of his (so-called) Epistles, [172–3];
his letter to the Roman Church, [9];
his yearning for martyrdom, [175];
on The Shepherd, of Hermas, [180];
on its date and author, [179 n. 1];
on S. Hippolytus, [11], [251–2];
on S. Laurence, [254];
on S. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans and S. Peter’s first coming to Rome, [19 n. 1];
on S. Peter (and S. Mark) in Rome, [10], [18];
on S. Petronilla, [277]
Linus, Pope, first Bishop of Rome after S. Peter, [12], [15];
burial-place of, [283], [287];
Jerome on, [14];
“Memoria” chapel of, Papal burial-place in church on site of, [273]
Lister, Jane, epitaph of, [309]
Literary witness to Martyrs’ histories rehabilitated by De Rossi’s excavations, [225], [230–1]
to Numerousness of Martyrs, [209] et seq.
to Persecution, A.D. 64–80, [163] et seq.
Lombards, the, [293], [297]
Lorium, country home of Antoninus Pius, [86], [87]
Love as bond of Christians, [118–9]
Lucilius, Seneca’s letters to, [29]
Lucina, Catacomb or Cemetery of, in a garden, [234], [236], [238], [239];
S. Paul’s burial-place, [236];
S. Sebastian’s burial-place, [244]
Crypt of, identification of, [245]
Lucius Quietus, Roman general, [335]
Lucius Verus, Fronto’s correspondence with, [63]
“Luminaria,” in the Catacombs, [296] & [n. 1];
indication from, of crypt below, [229]
Lydda, Rabbinic school of, [357], [358 n. 1]
Lyons, birthplace of Sidonius Apollinaris, [65]
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, [9], [13]
Martyrdoms at, [94], [201], [208];
genuine accounts of, [81 n. 1]
Pliny’s letters read to an audience, [61]

Maccabean dynasty, agreements made by, with Rome, [3]
Maccabees, story in, like that of S. Felicitas, [258], [298]
Mackail, Dr., on letters of Marcus Aurelius, [63] & [n. 1]
Madaurian persecutions, [94]
Maderno, Stefano, architect, [259 n. 1];
statue of S. Cecilia by, [294];
replicas of, [ib. n. 1]
Magnesia, Epistle to, of Ignatius, [173], [174]
Mahommedanism, spread of, compared with that of Christianity, [102]
Maimonides, famous Rabbinist, [369];
on the fathers of Rabbinism, [339]
Manuals of Martyrdom, [199]
Marc-Aurèle, by Renan, cited, [146 n. 1]
Marcellinus, Pope and martyr, burial-place of, [266];
identified, [231]
Marcellus, Pope and martyr, burial-place of, [266], [272]
Marchi, Father, archæological work of, [209], [224]
Marcia, patronage by, of Christians, [147]
Marcion, [189]
Marcius Turbo, Roman general, [335]
Marcomanni, war with, [95]
Marcus, burial-place identified, [231]
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus adopted by Antoninus Pius and successor to him, [83], [145], [245], [292];
attitude of, to Christians, [33], [64], [80], [158]
Character of, [84] et seq., [189]
Correspondence of, with Fronto, [63–4]
Death of, [164]
“Meditations” by, [85–6], [96–7];
on Antoninus Pius, [85–6];
Christian pages of, [147];
on his religious ideas, [96–7]
its one reference to Christians, [96–7]
Persecutions by, [80–1], [163 n. 2], [164], [188–9], [190], [207], [208 n. 1],
and reasons for, [81], [91–7], [137], [194];
martyrs in, [184], [258–9], [264], [266], [289], [290], [291], [298] et seq., [305]
Melito’s discourse on, written to, [187–8]
Table of succession of, [83]
Marriage, Rigourist teaching on, [153]
Mars, [195]
Martial, poet, [59 n. 1];
attitude of, to the old Roman virtue, [88]
Martyrdom, aspiration to, checked by the Church, [154]
Attraction of (see [Ignatius]), [37], [153] et seq.
Schools of training for, [33], [36], [145]
Methods of, writers on, [197], [198] & [n. 1] et seq.
Physical training for, [198], [201–3]
Spiritual training, [198–201]
Results, [203–5]
Spirit in which faced, [205] et prævi
Martyres, Ad, by Tertullian, [199];
on Physical training, [202]
Martyrii, De Laudi, [199];
on Christian fortitude in torture, [193]
Martyrologies, literary sources of, in many instances rehabilitated by De Rossi’s catacomb excavations, [225], [230–1];
on Confessors buried in Catacomb of Commodilla, [239]
Martyrology of S. Jerome, value of, to Catacomb explorers, [226]
Martyrs, Apocalyptic references to, [37], [157], [167–70]
Burial and burial-places of (see [Catacombs], [Cemeteries], and [Itineraries]), [285–6];
burial near, desired, [312] & [n. 1], [321–2]
Formula for, of reply to judge, [199]
Hermas on, [181]
Hymns on, by Prudentius and others, [151–2] & [n. 1]
under Nero (q.v.), [267–8], [285–6]
Numbers of, emphasized, [33];
“small” theory refuted by archæology and literature, [82] & [n. 1], [207] et seq., [209] et seq.
Christian and Pagan witness to, [208]
Second-century, rarity of Festivals of, [208]
Seed of the Church, [196], [203]
Slaves, famous, [136]
Tombs of, [300] et passim
Traces of, in S. Peter’s Memoria, [284–5]
Translation of, [227], [235], [236], [266] & [n. 1], [267], [272], [273–4], [292]
Martyrum, De Gloriâ, by S. Gregory of Tours, cited on tragedy at tomb of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, [261]
Martyrum, De Locis SS., cited [210–11], [303];
on numbers of martyrs, [212], [213], [214]
Marucchi,—, archæological researches and work of, [12], [42], [234], [239], [263], [301];
identification by, of S. Peter’s baptistery, [12], [257]
on Acilius Glabrio, [269]
on Catacomb of S. Priscilla as associated with S. Peter, &c., [257], [267], [268], [270], [271], [273];
on its immensity and regularity, [271]
on the Domitilla Cemetery, [240]
on Excavations, results of, attained and anticipated, [231–2]
on Nicomedes’ cemetery, reservoir in, [256]
on Papal burial-places, [273]
on S. Cecilia’s burial-places and tradition, [293 n. 1], [298]
on S. Felicitas’s tomb, and those of her sons, [302], [303]
on the Thrason Catacomb, [260]
on the veneration paid to S. Laurence, [250]
Massorah, the, [361] et seq.;
Temple Torah readings preserved in, [333 n. 2]
Massoretes, the, duties of, [361–2]
Massoretic notes on the sacred Jewish texts, [362–4]
Mauritanian martyrdoms, [208]
Maximian, Emperor, [148] & [n. 1]
Maximin, Emperor, Persecution under, [163 n. 2]
Meir, Rabbi, codification of Talmud by, [356];
maxims of, on Women, [367]
Melito, Bishop of Sardis, on Hospitality, [128];
on Persecution, [32], [187–8];
silent as to Vespasian, [40 n. 3]
Memoriæ or Chapel-Tombs of Apostles, at Rome, locale of, [11], [233], [281] et seq.;
testimony of, to Petrine tradition, [17]
Mental guerdons of Christianity, [154–9]
Messiah, hopes of, revolts due to, [330], [334]
pseudo, revolts caused by, [336] et seq., [354–5]
Midoth, treatise, [358 n. 1]
Midrash, definition of, [371]
Explained, two currents in, [350], [351]
Subject-matter of, [376–7]
Midrashim, the, [360]
Milan, Edict of, effect of, on spread of Christianity, [150] & [n. 1]
Milman, Dean, on the style of the Octavius of Minucius Felix, [186–7]
Minucius Felix (see [Octavius] by), [158]
Miracles, Talmudic teaching on, [365]
Mishnah (see also [Haggadah], [Halachah], and [Talmud]);
basis of, [361];
chief object of study, Rabbinic schools, [358 n. 1];
how studied, [359–60], [362–3];
curiosities of, [346–7];
Divine inspiration claimed for, [365];
evolution of, [341], [342–4];
exclusive spirit in, [366–8];
meaning of name, and nature of work, [341] & [n. 1], [344] & [n. 1], [356] & [n. 3], [358] & [n. 1], [365], [370];
oral at first, [344];
in the two Talmuds, [344–5];
on Akiba’s martyrdom, [355] & [n. 1];
on the history of the Talmud, [339–40]
Mishnah, the non-canonical, [360], [373]
Mishnaic Rabbis, work of, on Halachah and Haggadah, [341], [344–5], [347], [351], [352], [358] & [n. 1]
Mission and Expansion of Christianity, by Harnack, [106 n. 1], [124–5]
Mommsen,—, [331 n. 1], on Pagan Rome personified in Apocalypse, [169 n. 1];
on Pliny’s letter, [46]
Monza Catalogue and Labels, story of, evidence of, on numerousness of martyrs, [214–5], [228];
reference in to S. Felicitas and her sons, [303–4];
use of, to catacomb explorers, [228]
Mosaic work, oldest, in Roman church, [263]
Mosaism, destruction of, [341]
Moses, [348], [349];
and the Law, [339]
Rabbinical teaching in, [343] & [n. 1], and on, [364], [373–4], [378]
Mucius Scævola, torture of, [187]
Muratorian Canon, on date of The Shepherd of Hermas, [178–9]
Music, association with, of S. Cecilia, [294 n. 1]
Mutual aid between Christian Churches, inculcated, [130–1]
Myers, F. W., verse by, on the Atonement, [115 n. 1]

Naaman, the Syrian, and Idol-worship, [149]
Nævius, the augur, [87]
Naples, memorial at, of S. Agnes, [256–7]
Nehardea, Rabbinic school at, [357], [358 n. 1]
Nero, Emperor, [39], [40], [41], [42 n. 2], [182], [183], [197], [232], [245], [269]
Death of, [207], [331]
Edict of, against Christians, [32], [54]
Fire at Rome attributed to, [26–7], [28], [31], [285]
Insanity of, [26]
Jews in Rome in reign of, [5]
Persecutions by, [10], [28], [30], [46 n. 1], [62], [104], [164], [167], [172], [190], [197];
burnings under, [28–30];
numbers involved, [28], [46 n. 1];
S. Peter martyred during, [267], [285–6];
Tacitus’s references to, [62]
New Testament, the, writers of, and writings, see also under names of Authors, and of Books, and see [Epistles]
Assemblies mentioned in, [101]
Haggadic influences seen in, [378–9]
Inspiration of, [70]
Publication intended, Deissmann on, [71]
References in, to Persecution, [165], [166–70]
Teaching of, on Hospitality, [128–9];
and on Slavery, [134–5]
Witness of, to spread of Christianity, [107]
Nicholas, Pope, [226]
Nicodemus and other persons of position among Early Christians, [110–12]
Nicolaitan heresy, [23 n. 1]
Nicomedia, Court of, Christians at, [147–8]
Nîmes, birthplace of Antoninus Pius, [83]
Nomeseus, martyr, [211]
Northcote, Dr., on Early Christian faith as shown in Catacomb inscriptions, [310]
“Notices” on the founding of the Roman Church, as bearing on tradition of S. Peter, [8], [9] et seq.
Novatus, Baths of, [264], [265]
Numerian, Emperor, persecution under, [260]

OCTAVIUS, Dialogue by Minucius Felix, [138], [145–6], [186–7];
on Christian love, [119], [129];
on Christians in high place, [111];
on persecution, [186–7]
Octodurum, Martyrdom legend of, [148 n. 1]
Old Testament, Books of, text of, Jewish care of, and commentaries on, [342] et seq., [370], [371–9]
Christian reverence for, influence on, of the Talmud, and of Rabbinism, [327], [370] & [n. 1]
Earliest Hebrew MSS. of, [363]
History in, value of, [325]
Letter in, the one, [69]
Teaching of, on Almsgiving, [121]
Onesimus, and S. Paul, [134]
Oral teaching in Rabbinic Schools, [357–60]
Oratory, Church of, London, replica in of Maderno’s S. Cecilia effigy, [294 n. 1]
Origen, modified Rigourism of, [146];
teaching of, [139];
identification by, of Hermas, [178];
veneration of, for The Shepherd, by Hermas, [179];
writings by, on Martyrdom, [199]
Osric, King of Northumbria, burial-place of, [279]
Ostia, [145], [186–7], [235], [236]
Ostian Way, Memoria of Apostle on, [11]
Ostrian Cemetery, other names of, [255], [257], [271]
Otho, Emperor, [39], [331]
Overbach,—, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, [49]
Ovid, poetic epistles of, [69 n. 1]
Ozanam on Slaves in Roman Empire, first and second centuries, [135 n. 2]

PÆDAGOGUS, by Clement of Alexandria, addressed to a cultured community, [111 n. 1];
on Christians in the world, [146]
Pagan attitude to Christianity, and its basis (see also [Persecutions]), [28], [30–4], [35], [36], [51], [77], [137], [142–3], [158–9], [164–5], [194], [196–7]
Attitude to death, [134], [313–4]
Ideas on Christian misery, [158–9]
Neglect to bury the dead, [132]
Neglect of the poor, [128]
Writings, witnessing to Persecutions (see [Pliny’s letter to Trajan]), [36];
and to spread of Christianity, [107]
Paganism (passim), at core of Roman Empire, De Broglie on, [142–3];
displaced by Christianity, when, and why, [150], [151]
Pain, unfelt by Martyrs, testimony to, [200]
Palaces, Christians in, [110–11], [147], [149]
Palatine Hill, palace on, of the Emperors, [86], [89];
graffito of crucifix on, deduction from, [147] & [n. 1]
Palestine (see also [Gemara] and [Talmud]), Rabbinic Schools of, [326], [344], [362–3], [373];
the chief, [353], [356] & [n. 4], [358 n. 1];
mode of teaching at, [357–60]
Roman occupations of, and Rabbinism, [340]
Traces of the last “War” still seen in, [338–9]
Palestinian Talmud, the, [345]
Pallanteum, rebuilt by Antoninus, [87]
Palm, as Christian Emblem, [310]
Pantheon, portico of, robbed for Pope Urban’s baldachino, [280]
Papal burial-places, [243], [245], [246], [250], [266] & [n. 1], [272–4], [283–5], [286–7], [291]
Crypt, named after Pope Callistus (see also [Papal burial-places]), [234], [236–7], [242], [244] et seq., [273], [287], [296], [297]
Papias of Hierapolis, cited in support of Petrine tradition, [9], [10], [13], [14]
Paschal I, Pope, [227], [273], [276], body of S. Cecilia found by, [292–4];
and translated, [294], [297];
Church of S. Cecilia built by, [292];
translation by, of Martyrs’ remains, [235], [262], [263], [295]
Vision of, [293]
on Forgotten Martyrs, [215 n. 1]
Passions of the Martyrs, oft-repeated answer given in, [199]
of S, Perpetua, on Insensibility of Martyrs to Pain, [200]
Pastor (not The Shepherd, q.v.), [264]
Patristic views of The Shepherd of Hermas, [179]
Paul, the Deacon, [49]
Paul I, Pope, [227], [273];
translation by, of Martyrs’ ashes, [235];
especially of S. Hippolytus, [254]
Paul V, Pope, [257], discoveries made by, in Vatican cemetery, [280–1] et seq., [287];
work of, on S. Peter’s at Rome, [279–80]
“Pax Romana,” the, [58]
Peace of the Church, the, [29–30], [203], [215], [228], [259], [263], [266], [272], [276], [302], [309]
Pilgrimages to Rome after, [209], [216], [228], [251]
Pentateuch (see also [Halachah]), as canon of Jewish Scripture, post-exilian days, [361];
reverence felt for, [342], [343], [361];
Talmudic view of its inspiration, [364–5]
People, the, faith of, shown by Catacombs, [315], [319 n. 1];
how voiced by poets and Popes, [152] & [n. 1]
Pepin, King, translation by, of S. Petronilla, [279]
Pergamos, Church of, message of Apocalypse to, [168], [169–70]
Peri-Stephanôn, by Prudentius, poems, subjects of, [151–2] & [n. 1], cited on forgotten Martyrs, [287];
on S. Hippolytus, [252–4]
Persecutions of Christians, see also [Tacitus on]
Active or latent, period of, [163] & [n. 2]
Evidence on, [163] & [nn. 1] & [2], [164] et seq.
Beginning, [27–9], [103], [104]
Continuity, [29] et seq., [80], [207];
and increasing intensity, [80], [81–3]
End, [29]
Reasons for, [28], [30], [31], [32], [39] et seq.
Reference to, in The Shepherd of Hermas, [180] et seq.
Silence of writers as to, reasons for, [35] & [n. 1], [36–7]
Under the Antonines, [80], [81], [94]
Decius Aurelius, [97]
Diocletian, [97];
severity of, [151]
Flavian emperors, [39] et seq.
Hadrian and his successors, [79], [80],
severity of, [81], [82] & [n. 1], [83];
reasons, [91–7]
Nero, [10], [28], [30], [46 n. 1], [62], [104], [164], [167], [172], [190], [197], [285–6]
of Jews, [346]
Petro or Petros, as basis of name Petronilla, [277]
Petro, T. Flavius, founder of Flavian family, [277]
Pharisees, [329–30];
after the Dispersion, [341]
Philemon, S. Paul’s Epistle to, [71], [134]
Philip, Emperor, lenient to Christians, [97]
Philip of Side, on Athenagoras’s conversion, [188] & [n. 1]
Philip, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, [259]
Philippians, Epistle to, see [Epistles]
Phœbe of Cenchrea, [110]
Physical preparation for Martyrdom (see also [Schools of Martyrdom]), [198], [201–3]
Pilgrim Guides (see also [Itineraries]), witness of, to numerousness of Martyrs, [210]
Pilgrims, visits of, to Rome, [209], [216], [226], [228], [251];
favourite tombs of, [244], [260], [275], [294], [296], [297];
traces of, in Catacombs, [248], [251]
Pirke Aboth (Sayings of the Fathers), [339], [340], [362], [365 n. 1]
“Pittacia,” the, references in, to S. Felicitas and her sons, [303], [304]
Pius I, Bishop of Rome, or Pope, [264], [265 n. 1];
burial-place of, [287];
slave origin of, [136 n. 1]
Pius IX, Pope, and the rediscovery of the Callistus Catacomb, [246]
Placidia, and the Basilica of S. Paul, [238]
Plato, works of, [146]
Platonia Chamber or Crypt, Cemetery of S. Sebastian, temporary tomb of SS. Peter and Paul, [237], [243];
tomb of S. Sebastian near, [244]
Plautius, [245]
Pliny the Elder, [57]
Pliny the Younger, family career and character of, [57–9]
Letters of, in general, described and discussed, [59–62];
features of, [71];
value of, [57]
to Tacitus, [62]
to Trajan, and information in, on Christianity, [27], [32], [33], [35 n. 1], [36], [45] et seq., [50], [53–5], [56–7], [60 n. 1], [62], [75–8], [103] & [n. 2], [106], [107], [110], [177]
Publication of, [60 n. 1]
Summary of, [67]
Trajan’s Rescript in reply, [53–4]
Literary followers of, [64–8]
Style of, [60], Renan on, [46] & [n. 1], [60]
Roman appreciation of, as writer, [63], [65]
Rules of, for letter-writers, [67]
Villa of, [60]
on joys of simple living, [88–9];
on social status of Asiatic Christians, [110]
Plotina, Empress, and Hadrian, [75]
Plumbatæ, torture of, [295], [300 n. 1]
Poems, by Early Christian writers, topics of, [151], [152] & [n. 1]
Pagan, referring to Christianity, [158 n. 1]
Political reasons for Roman attitude to Christianity (see also [Paganism]), [28], [30], [31–4], [39] et seq.
Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, [251];
scholar of S. John Evangelist, [73];
letters of, see [Epistles];
letters to, of Ignatius, [108], [172];
Martyrdom of, letters on, genuine, [81 n. 1];
on Christian charity, [125]
Pompey, Consul, [56];
first Roman ruler of Judea, [329];
Jerusalem taken by, [3]
Pomponia Græcina, identified with Lucina of the Crypt, [245]
Pontianus, catacomb of, [211], [235]
Baptistery in, [236]
Pontianus, Bishop of Rome, or Pope, martyr, tomb of, [252]
Pontius, on Christian Charity at Carthage, [127]
Pontus, Christians in (see also [Bithynia]), [45], [50]
Pope,——, his ode on S. Cecilia, [294 n. 1]
Popes (or Bishops) of Rome (see under individual Names, see also [Papal burial-places]), martyred, tombs of, with other Martyrs, [243]
Poppæa, Empress, friendly to Jews, [27]
Porsenna, [87]
Portraits in the Catacombs, [296], [302]
Portus, Bishop of, see [S. Hippolytus Port of Rome], [235]
Prayers of the Dead, besought by Early Christians, [309–10], [311–2]
S. Augustine on, [311], [312 n. 1], [321–2]
S. Cyprian on, [312]
Prætextatus, catacomb of, [242], [246–8], [259], [262], [295];
grave (alleged) of S. Cecilia in, [293 n. 1];
tomb of S. Januarius in, discovery of, [301–2];
S. Zeno buried in, [276]
Priests as converts, [110]
Priscilla (and Aquila), [110], [265–6]
Catacomb of, [213];
discovery of, [230]
Prisoners, Christian aid to, [130]
Prophets, the, [339];
books of, [361];
inspiration of, Talmud on, [365];
Schools of, [343], [349]
Prudentius, poems of, [151], [152] & [n. 1]
Publius, Prefect of Rome, and the martyrdom of S. Felicitas, [299]
Pudens, burial-place of, [264], [265], [266];
house, &c., of, on the Aventine, legends connecting with S. Peter, [12], [15], [263];
and with S. Paul, [265], [269];
question of his family, [270];
tradition, on him and his daughter, [263–5], [270]
Pumbeditha, Rabbinic School at, [326], [354], [357], [358 n. 1], [359], [373]

“Quatuor Coronati,” Saints, burial-places of, [249];
church of, ib.,
relics in, of S. Hippolytus, [255]
Quintilian, the earliest Ciceronian, [58]
Quo vadis legend, locality associated with, [273], [274]

“Rab,” Rabbinic School founded by, [357 n. 1]
“Rabbi” (Judah Ha-Nasi), famous pupil of, [357 n. 1];
Talmud codification by, [356–7];
work of, on Halachah, [358 n. 1], [372 n. 1]
Rabbinic Dicta, on Inspiration, [364–5] & [n. 1]
Literature (extra-Talmudic), [360]
Schools (see also [Babylonian], and [Palestinian]), [326], [353], [354–5], [362–3], [368], [372], [373];
chief study of, [358 n. 1];
foundation of, [326], [340], [341];
influence of, on Christian belief, [327];
and on Christian love of Old Testament, [327];
method of teaching, [357–60];
work of, on the Gemara, [344–5]
Rabbinism, famous scholars of (see [Akiba], [Gamaliel], [Hillel], [Meir], [“Rab,”] [Rabbi], [Shammai], &c.), nature of, and influence of, on Christianity, [326–7];
and on the Jews of the Dispersion, [339];
new school of, aims of, [353], [355];
spirit of, adverse to Christianity, [366] et seq.;
traditional history of, [339–40]
Rabbis, authority of, as successors to the Sanhedrim, [357];
supporting Bar-cochab, [78], [336], [354], [355]
Rabbis of the Dispersion, and the Law, [341], [342–3];
books evolved by, [343–5]
Raffaelle, painting by, of S. Cecilia, [294 n. 1]
Ramsay, Professor, on the date of the 1st Epistle of S. Peter, [8 n. 1], [166 n. 1];
on the date of S. Peter’s death, [166 n. 1];
on Epistles of Ignatius as showing contemporary conditions of Christianity, [173], [174];
on Persecution of Christians as a police measure, by Rome, [31], [32];
on Pliny’s letter, [46];
on Roman Emperor as “beast” of Apocalypse, [169] & [n. 2];
on Roman references in the Apocalypse, [169 n. 2]
Raschi, famous Rabbinist, [369]
Ravenna, [303];
church of S. Vitale at, [136 n. 1]
Regulus, tortures of, [187]
Relic-hunting in the Catacombs, results of, [224]
Religious faith of Jews in Rome, first century, [4–6]
Renan, E., on the destruction of the Temple, [331 n. 1];
on large numbers of Christian martyrs, [82 n. 1];
on Octavius by Minucius Felix, [145], [146];
on persecutions between A.D. 134 and 180, [82 n. 1];
on Pliny’s letter, [46] & [n. 1];
and on his literary style, ib., [60];
on The Shepherd, of Hermas, [180];
on Talmudic influence on Christianity, [370 n. 1];
on Trajan as persecutor, [49]
Reservoirs or wells, in Catacombs and Chapels (see also [Baptisteries]), [256], [263], [264], [267], [270], [271–2]
Reuchlin,—, advocate of the Talmud, [366]
Rhea Sylvia, [87]
Rigourist School of Christian teaching, [101], [144–5], [150–2], [153–4]
Rimmon-worship, Naaman’s dispensation concerning, [149]
“Rock, the spiritual, that followed them,” origin of reference, [379]
Roman attitude to Christianity, [39] et seq.
Roman attitude to Slaves, and to Freedmen, [134], [137];
craving for posthumous remembrance, [59 n. 1], [65]
Christians, saluted in S. Paul’s Epistle to Romans, [17], [21]
Church, the, in early days, classes composing, [182], [269–70]
Early importance of, [16], [17], [21]
Founders of (see also [S. Paul] and [S. Peter]), [7] et seq., [16–19], [22], [23], [24], [70]
Generosity of, to other Churches, [131]
Heresies menacing, first century, [23] & [n. 1]
Inner life of, information on, from the Catacombs, [219] et seq.
Letter to, of Ignatius, [9]
S. Paul’s praise of, [21]
Emperors, divine honours paid to, [42] & [n. 1], [169], [170]
Empire, numbers of Early Christians in great centres of, [106]
of Slaves in, first and second centuries, [135 n. 2]
Paganism (q.v.), interwoven in, [142–3]
Literature, dearth of, second to fourth century, [63], [67]
Epistolary forms, nature of, after Cicero, [56–7]
Letters in, question of influence on N.T. writers, [69–72]
Renaissance, in fourth and fifth centuries, [64] et seq.
Myths depicted on coins of Antoninus Pius, [87], [90]
Society, Dill’s book on, cited, [59 n. 1];
first and second century, Pliny on, [58–60];
fourth century, Symmachus on, [65];
fifth century, Sidonius on, [67]
Tribute to Christian fortitude, [193]
Rome, see also Popes under Names
Archæological investigators of, see [De Rossi], [Marchi], [Marucchi], &c.
Basilicas in, third century, [112]
Chief arena of Martyrdom, [175]
Christians in, [16];
Assemblies of, [113] et seq.
Behaviour of, in trial, [180–1]
Estimate of, in third century, [105]
Life of, [101] et seq.
Some of high social status, [110–12], [147], [149]
Church of, see [Roman Church]
Churches in, the most ancient, [263]
Those holding relics of S. Hippolytus, [255]
Dead, Roman and Christian treatment of (see also [Catacombs]), [131–3]
Devotion to, of the Antonines, [89–90]
Earliest founder of, [87]
Fire of, under Nero, [25–6];
consequences to Jews and Christians, [27–30]
Gospel first brought to, tradition on, and literary support of the same, [7], [8], [9] et seq.
Hadrian’s works in, [76]
Jewish agreements with, under Maccabees, [3]
Colonists in, and the Rabbinic School, [353]
Sabbath observed in, [3]
Jews in, [3–6], [346];
expulsion of, [8], [18], [25];
Roman attitude to beliefs of, [3], [39];
rulers favourable to, [3]
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, [9], [13]
Memoriæ of the Apostles in, [11]
Pagan, Apocalyptic reference to, Ramsay on, [169] & [n. 1], [170]
Attitude of, to Christianity, [39] et seq.;
reasons for, [89], [91–7]
Religion of, support to, of best emperors, [87] et seq.
Rule of, over Judæa, [329], [340];
revolts against (see [Wars]), [329] et seq., [342], [345], [353]
S. Paul’s stay in, [17], [21–24];
and Martyrdom at, [9]
S. Peter’s visits to, probable dates of, and events during, [16], [18], [19] & [n. 1], [24];
and Martyrdom at, [8];
burial-place in, see [Vatican Hill]
Slavery in, [134]
Temple treasures from Jerusalem at, [333] & [n. 2]
Rome proper, burial-place in, of S. Paul, [236];
Catacombs in, Itineraries on, [211–4]
Rome Souteraine, by Allard, cited on numerousness of martyrs, [215 n. 1]
Romulus and Remus, [87]
Ruinart,—, on the Martyrdom of the Theban legion, [148 n. 1]
Rusticus, Roman prefect, [94], [104]
Rutilius Namatianus, poem of, on Christian misery, [158] & [n. 1]

Sabbath, the, non-Jewish observance of, Rome, [3]
Sabinilla, burial of S. Valentinus by, [276]
Sacramentum, of Pliny, [52]
Sadducees, [329];
last heard of, [341]
S. Abdon, burial-place of, [235], [236]
S. Achilles, martyr, burial-place and tomb of, [211], [240], [241], [278];
story confirmed by excavations, [230]
S. Adauctus, burial-place of, [239];
shrine of, [211]
S. Agapetus, deacon and martyr, [301] & [n. 1], [302];
History of, [247];
tomb of, [243], [247]
S. Agatha, [294 n. 1]
S. Agatopus or Agapetus (q.v.), martyr named in tomb of S. Januarius, [301] & [n. 1], [302]
S. Agnes, [136], [294 n. 1];
basilica of, Catacombs around, [212–3], [255];
burial-place of, identified, [231];
martyrdom and story of, [256];
other martyrs buried with, [214–5];
urn of, [258];
recently seen, [257]
S. Alexander, burial-place of, [303]
S. Anastasia, [294 n. 1]
S. Athanasius, veneration of, for Hermas’s Shepherd, [179]
S. Augustine, on asking the prayers of the Saints, [311], [312 n. 1], [322];
on Burial near the Saints, [322];
on S. Laurence, [254]
S. Balbinus, Catacomb of, [239]
S. Barnabas, Apostle, [110]
S. Basilissa, see (infra) [S. Hermes] and
S. Blandina, slave and martyr, [136];
pain unfelt by, [200]
S. Calepodius, catacomb of, [234]
S. Callistus, later, Pope, custodian of cemeteries, [245], [291]
Catacomb of, [242], [244–6];
Crypt of S. Cecilia in, [290–1], [293 n. 1];
discovery of, [246];
Lucina area of, antiquity of, [266];
Papal burial-place or Crypt in (q.v.), [287], [291];
why chosen, [273]
S. Castulus, martyr, catacomb of, [249]
S. Cecilia, church of, Rome, [292] et seq.;
her body in, [294], [297]
Crypt or burial-place of, [211], [246] & [n. 1], [290] et seq.;
discovery of, [231];
other martyrs buried in, [214], [243];
rediscovery of, [289] et seq.
Martyr relatives of, [247]
Story of, [290] et seq.
Translation of, [294], [297]
S. Chrysanthus and S. Daria, Basilica of, sons of S. Felicitas laid near, [303];
site of their martyrdom, [260];
tragedy at, [261]
S. Chrysostom, on Almsgiving, [122]
S. Clement of Rome, Pope, [104], [179] & [n. 1], [315]
Book on, by Bishop Lightfoot, [19 n. 1], [121 n. 1];
cited on Petrine tradition, [10]
Epistles of, see under [Epistles]
Ordination of, by S. Peter, tradition on, [11]
Tradition on his Apostolic teachers, [73]
on Almsgiving, [121] & [n. 1], [124], [126];
on Assemblies, [108];
on care for widows and orphans, [126];
on Christians accused of firing Rome, [27];
on Christ’s Atonement, [115];
on the deaths of S. Peter and of S. Paul, [171];
on early persecutions, [37], [165], [170–2];
on hospitality, [128];
on numbers of Christians, [104] & [n. 1], at Rome, [106];
on progress of Christianity, [107];
on S. Peter’s martyrdom, [9]
S. Constantia, church of, origin of, [263]
S. Cornelius, other martyrs buried with, [214–5]
S. Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, and martyr, [149], [193], [315], [319 n. 1];
and his congregation, charity of, [123], [127]
Death of, [146]
Flight of, [147]
Letter of, ad Thibaritanos, a martyrs’ manual, [199]
Teaching of, [139]
Writers on, cited, see [Benson], and [Pontius]
on Almsgiving, [121–2];
on Carthaginian generosity to other Churches, [131];
on the Dead as concerned for the Living, [312];
on Death, [155];
on Hospitality, [128];
on insensibility of Martyrs to pain, [200];
on Martyrs’ training, [198];
on Persecutions (third century), [37]
S. Cyriaca, burial-place of, [212], [250]
S. Daria, once a Vestal, site of her martyrdom, [260], [303]
S. Denis, Abbey of, ashes of S. Hippolytus at, [255]
S. Domitilla, Basilica of, [257]
S. Emerentiana, slave and martyr, [136];
burial-place of, [255], [257];
identified, [231]
Catacomb of, [255]
Urn of, [258];
recently seen, [257]
S. Epimachus, catacomb of, [249]
S. Felicissimus, martyr, [301], [302];
history of, [247];
tomb of, [243], [247]
S. Felicitas, slave and martyr, [136], [206], [272], [294 n. 1]
Catacomb of, her tomb in a basilica over, [213], [259];
discovered, [260], [302]
Martyr sons of, and their tombs, [213], [248];
discovered by De Rossi, [231] & [n. 1]
Story of, [258];
confirmed by archæology, [259–60], [298] et seq.
Translation of, [259], [302]
on Insensibility to pain, [200]
S. Felix (and S. Adauctus), burial-place of, [239]
S. Felix, cemetery of, [211], [235–6]
S. Felix, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, [259], [266], [272], [274], [302–3]
S. Felix, other martyrs buried with, [214–5]
S. Felix of Nola, martyr, church of, at Nola, [321];
poems on, [152 n. 1]
S. Flavian, Vision of, cited, on Martyrs’ insensibility to pain, [200]
S. Gall, “sylloge” in library of, [230]
S. Genesius, martyr, once an actor, tomb of, [251]
S. Gordianus, catacomb of, [249]
S. Gregory Nazianzen, on unity of martyrs, [285]
S. Gregory of Tours, on the group-martyrdom at tomb of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, [261]
S. Helena, Empress, cross of, laid on S. Peter’s sarcophagus, [282];
tomb of, [249]
S. Hermes, translation of, [275]
and S. Basilissa, catacomb of, [274–5]
S. Hippolytus (of Portus), [11], [151];
catacomb and basilica of, [250–5], [262];
discovery of, by De Rossi, [251], [254]
Churches dedicated to, or connected with, [254–5]
Lightfoot cited on, [251–2]
Pupil of Irenæus, [251]
Relics of, [255]
Statue of, [252]
Tomb of, [251];
Prudentius on, [252–4]
Translation of, [254]
S. Hyacinthus, martyr, tomb of, [275]
S. Ignatius of Antioch, Bishop and martyr, [315];
Epistle of, see [Epistles];
Martyrdom desired by, [37], [110], [154], [204–5];
date of, [73]
cited in support of Petrine tradition, [9], [13];
on Assemblies, [108];
on Christ’s Atonement, [115];
on his yearning for Martyrdom, [204–5];
on influential Christians at Rome, [110];
on persecutions, [37], [165], [172–6];
on progress of Christianity, [107];
on Roman generosity, [131]
S. James, Epistle of, see under [Epistles]
S. Januarius, [298 n. 1], [304];
martyrdom of, [300 n. 1];
burial-place and tomb of, [243], [248] & [n. 1], [301–2];
discovery of, [231];
veneration of, [259]
S. Jerome, Catalogue of Roman Bishops by, [14], [15]
on S. Agnes, [256];
on S. Peter’s date of arrival in Rome, [14];
on The Shepherd, of Hermas, [179]
S. John, Evangelist, [62], [251]
Apocalypse of, [37], [156–7], [165], [167–70]
Death of, [103], [114], [118], [165]
Epistles of, see under [Epistles]
Martyrdom of, [11]
Polycarp’s anecdotes of, [73]
Prominence of, in Asia Minor, [9]
S. Justus, martyr, tomb of, [250]
S. Laurence, [254];
basilica and tomb of, [250], [257];
martyrs buried under, [212]
Churches dedicated to, [250], [254]
S. Lucia, [294 n. 1]
S. Marcellinus, see [S. Peter] and, infra
S. Marcus, catacomb of, [239]
S. Mark, Gospel of, source and place of origin, [10], [14]
Relations of, with S. Peter, [9], [10], [14], [22]
S. Martialis, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, [259], [303]
S. Martin of Tours, [136]
S. Martinianus, see (infra) [S. Processus] and
S. Matthew, Gospel of, [10], as Martyrs’ Manual, [200] & [n. 1], [201]
S. Maurice and the Theban Legion, legend of martyrdom of, [148 n. 1]
S. Maximus, Roman officer and martyr, [290];
basilica of, and history of, [247];
catacomb of, [259];
tomb of, [242], [293 n. 1], [295]
S. Nereus, martyr, burial-place of, [211], [240], [241], [278];
story confirmed by excavations, [230]
S. Nicomedes, catacomb of, special features of, [255–6]
S. Oswald and S. Wulfstan, [321]
S. Pamphilus, martyr, catacomb of, [274]
S. Pancratius or Pancras, catacomb of, [234], [235]
Churches of, Rome, &c., [235]
S. Parnel, Petronell, or Petronilla (q.v.), British churches dedicated to, [278–9]
S. Paul, [239], [269], [273];
association with, of Pudens, [265], and see [270]
Basilica of, [11], [17], [18], [238]
Christology of, [23–4]
Cultural status of, [110]
Epistles of, see under [Epistles]
Haggadic influences in writings of, [379]
Hermas named by, the Hermas of The Shepherd?, [178]
at Rome as prisoner, [21–2];
secondary place accorded by tradition and literature, [9], [11], [13–14], [17];
share in founding Roman Church, [17], [22], [23], [24], [70], [104];
trial of, [25];
and martyrdom, [9], [10], [11], [151], [152], [170], [171];
burial-places of, [211], [236], [237], [242], [243], [283];
sarcophagus of, slabs of, inscription on, and other features, [237–8];
sepulchre of, [242], [243]
Teaching of, keynote of, where found, [23–4];
locale of, [107]
Tomb of freedman friend of, among royal graves, [241–2]
Translation of, [237]
on Almsgiving to Christian Churches, [120 n. 1], [130];
on Assemblies, [107];
on Athletic training, [198];
on Charity, [122], [130];
on Death, [154];
on Enduring hardness, [202–3];
on Hospitality, [129];
on the Roman Church, [17], [21];
on Slavery, [134–5];
on Spread of Christianity, [107]
S. Paulinus of Nola, [158];
letter of, to Sulpicius Severus, on his slave, [136–7];
poems of, [152 n. 1];
question of, to S. Augustine, [312 n. 1], [321–2]
S. Perpetua and her companions, [294 n. 1];
martyrdoms of, [200], [208];
genuine accounts of, [81 n. 1];
pain unfelt by, [200]
S. Peter, Apostle and Martyr, First Bishop of Rome (see also [S. Petronilla]), [226], [269]
Associations of, with Catacomb of S. Priscilla, [257], [263], [267], [271–4]
with S. Mark, [9], [10], [14], [22]
with Pudens, [12], [15], [263], [265], and see [269–70]
Baptistery of, site of, [12], [257], [267], [273]
Book on by Barnes, cited, [281 n. 1] et seq.
Catacomb of, and of S. Marcellinus, [249]
Founder of Church in Bithynia, [51]
Founder of Church at Rome, tradition, archæological, and literary support to the belief, [7] et seq., [16], [19], [22], [70], [104]
in Rome, [18], [24];
date of arrival discussed, [8], [11], [13] et seq., [16];
martyrdom of, [8], [10], [16], [18], [19], [151], [153], [170], [171], [233], [234];
date and site of, [166 n. 1], [267];
burial-places, and tomb of, [49], [273];
Bishops of Rome buried around, [16], [23], [233] & [n. 1], [279–88];
sarcophagus of, adorned by Constantine, [237], [282–3];
traditional notices of, legendary with historical basis and other, [15], [16];
translation of, [237]
Quo vadis legend on, [239], [273], [274]
Teaching of, catholicity of, [367]
on hospitality, [129];
on locale of Asiatic converts, [107];
on persecution, [165], [166–7];
on slavery, [135];
on spread of the faith, [107]
S. Peter and S. Marcellinus, catacomb of, [249]
S. Peter Chrysologus, laudation by, of S. Felicitas, [305]
S. Peter’s (Basilica), Rome, [8], [233], [238];
martyrs buried beneath, [210], [285];
origin of, and former representatives of, [233], [238]
Reason of its position, [11];
site of, associations of, [28];
veneration shown to, [17], [18]
S. Petronilla (see also [S. Parnel]), daughter of S. Peter, [240], [241];
hypotheses on, discussed, [277–8]
Basilica of, [241], [278]
Burial-place of, [211], [240–1], [277]
Translation of, [279]
S. Philip, burial-place of, [266], [272], [274], [302–3]
S. Philippus (S. Philip), other martyrs buried with, [214–5]
S. Prassedis (see also [S. Pudentiana]), burial-place of, [263], [264–5], [266], [268]
Catacomb founded by, [270]
Church of, [262];
Zeno chapel in, mosaics of, [276];
relics in, [262–3];
well in, [263]
S. Priscilla, mother of Pudens, Catacomb of, [8], [258], [261] et seq., [266];
antiquity, size, and importance of, [236], [240], [257], [261];
associations of, with S. Peter, [12], [257], [263], [267], [271–3];
baptistery in, [236];
Basilica of S. Sylvester over, [257], [273];
called “ad Nymphas,” and why, [272];
chief glory of, [257];
De Rossi on, [262];
evidence of discoveries in, on tradition of S. Peter as founder of Roman Church, [8], [15], [16], [42], [267], [268], [271];
founders of, [270];
galleries and other features of, [267] et seq.;
inscriptions in, [267], [268], [271];
notable interments in, [266], [302]
Church of, [262]
Original tomb of, [268]
S. Processus and S. Martinianus, catacomb of, [234];
story of, [234]
S. Protus, martyr, tomb of, [275]
S. Pudentiana (see also supra, [S. Prassedis]), burial-place of, [263], [264], [266], [268];
sarcophagus of, [263]
Church of, [262];
antiquity and interest of, [263] et seq.
Part founder of S. Priscilla’s catacomb, [270]
S. Quirinus, Crypt of, [247];
history of, ib.
S. Riquier, “syllogæ” in library of, [230]
S. Sebastian (ad Catacombas), catacomb of, [237], [242], [243–4];
memories of SS. Peter and Paul connected with, [273];
story of, [244];
translation of, [244]
S. Sennen, burial-place of, [235], [236]
S. Silanus, burial-places of, [259], [302];
body once stolen, [304];
translation of, [302]
S. Silvester in Capite, Church, body of S. Hippolytus translated to, [254]
S. Simferosa, tomb of, [250]
S. Soteris, virgin, martyr, catacomb of, [239], [242], [243], [246]
S. Stephen, protomartyr, [110];
and S. Laurence, parallel positions of, [234]
S. Suzanna, church of, [302];
final resting-place of S. Felicitas, [259] & [n. 1]
S. Sylvester, Pope, Basilica erected by, [266] & [n. 1];
notoriety of, [272];
Popes buried in, [272–4];
saintly remains in, [213], [266] & [n. 1], [272], [302–3];
site of, [257], [266] & [n. 1], [270], [272], [273]
Burial-place of, [272]
S. Symphorosa, burial-place of, [212]
S. Tertullinus, catacomb of, [249]
S. Thekla, catacomb of, [236], [239]
S. Thomas Aquinas, [319 n. 1]
S. Tiburtius, martyr, Basilica of, [247];
relation of, to S. Cecilia, [290];
tomb of, [293 n. 1], [295]
S. Urban, martyr, tomb of, [242–3]
S. Urbanus, Bishop (not of Rome), and S. Cecilia, [290], [296]
S. Valentinus, martyr, [262];
catacomb of, [214], [275–6];
basilica in, [276]
S. Valerianus, husband of S. Cecilia, martyr, [290], [292], [294 n. 1];
tomb of, [242], [247], [293 n. 1], [295]
S. Vitale, a slave-martyr, Church of, Ravenna, [136 n. 1]
S. Vitalis, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, [259], [303]
S. Zeno, Basilica of, [247];
burial-place of, [262], [276];
Chapel of, [276];
treasures in, [262–3]
Saintly persons, power of, over wild creatures, [176] & [n. 1]
Saints, Communion of, Early Christian view on, [307], [309–10]
Dead, invocation of, and prayers of, besought, Early Christian attitude as to, [309–10], [311], [312] & [n. 1], [321–2]
Desire for burial near, S. Augustine on, [312 n. 1], [321–2]
Salii, College of, M. Aurelius, a member, [95]
Salzburg Itinerary cited, [211], [212], [214], [242–3], [302], [303];
date of, [227]
Samuel, prophet, and the Schools of the Prophets, [349]
Sanhedrim, the Great, authority of, successors in, after Dispersion, [357], [360]
Sanhedrim treatise, in Talmud, [343 n. 1]
Sarcophagi, Christian, Lateran Museum, and S. Peter’s escape from Prison, [19 n. 1]
Sardinia, exiles and martyrs in, [252]
Sardis, [187]
Saturninus, catacomb of, [258], [260]
Schools of Martyrdom, [145];
methods of, [197], [198] & [n. 1] et seq.;
writers on, [198] et seq.
of the Prophets, [349]
of Teaching, Early Christian
Practical, and Gentle, [101], [145–50]
Rigourist, [101], [144–5], [150–2]
Scillitan martyrdoms, [94], [208];
Acts of martyrs genuine, [81 n. 1]
Scorpiace, by Tertullian, [121 n. 1], a martyrs’ manual, [199];
S. Paul cited in, on Martyrdom, [202], [203] & [n. 1]
Scribes, the, and their duties, [341], [343] & [n. 3], [350], [351], [361]
Second Century, congregations of Christians in, locales of, [36]
Seligenstadt, SS. Peter and Marcellinus’ bodies at, [249]
Selinus, death at, of Trajan, [87]
Senate, the, decadence of, [64–5]
Seneca, letters by, see under [Epistles]
Possible reference by, to Nero’s burning of Christians, [29]
Sentius Augurinus, a lengthy recital by, [61]
Sepphoris, Rabbinic school at, [358 n. 1]
Serenus Granianus, Rescript to, of Hadrian, on Christians, [77]
Sergius Paulus, [110]
Severus,—, Emperor, persecution under, reason for, [194]
Severus, Alexander, Emperor, [234], [252];
and the Jews, [333 n. 1];
leniency of, to Christians, [97];
and supposed Christianity of, [147]
Septimius (historian), on Nero’s anti-Christian Edict, [32]
Sextus Julius (General), operations of, in Judea, [337]
Sulpicius, letter to, of Paulinus of Nola, on his slave, [136–7]
on destruction of the Temple, [331] & [n. 1], [332];
on Titus’s speech against Jewish and Christian religions, [39–40]
Sfondrati, Cardinal, finder of the bodies of S. Cecilia, [294] & [n. 1], [297];
and of her husband, &c., [295]
Shammai, a Rabbi, [366]
Shema invocation, [355 n. 1]
Shemoth Rabba, treatise, cited, [365]
Shepherd (Pastor), The, of Hermas, [136 n. 1];
discussed, [178–9] & [n. 1], [180];
reasons of its popularity, [183 n. 1];
theology of, [138], [179], [182–3];
on care of widows, &c., [126];
on Christ’s Atonement, [116];
on Christian charity, [124] & [n. 1], [125];
on hospitality, [128];
on the martyrs and the recusants, [36], [37];
on numbers of Christians, [104];
on persecutions, [180–4];
on progress of Christianity, [107];
on rich Christians, [111]
Sicarii, the, [330]
Sick, the, care of, by Early Church, [126–7]
Side, [188] & [n. 1]
Sidonius, Apollinaris, family, career, and writings of, [64], [65–7], [68]
Simon the Just, [339]
Simon Magus in Rome, [11]
Sinai, [365]
Siricius, Pope, Basilicas built and adorned by, &c., [235], [241], [263], [278];
burial-place of, [272]
Sixtus I, Pope and martyr, [247];
burial-place of, [243], [287]
Sixtus II, Pope, deacons of, martyred, [302];
and S. Laurence, [250], [254]
Sixtus III, Basilica built by, to S. Laurence, [250];
work of, at S. Cecilia’s crypt, [292]
Sixtus V, Pope, Church of S. Suzanna built for, [259 n. 1]
Slavery, England’s crusade against, Lecky on, [135 n. 1]
Slaves, Christian, freed by advice of Pope Pius I, [264];
position and condition of, [134] et seq.
Slaves, numbers of, Roman Empire, first two centuries, Ozanam on, [135 n. 2]
Smyrna, [173]
Social life and pleasures, difficulties in, of Early Christians, [141]
Status of Early Christians, literary testimony to its range, [110–12]
Solomon, King, [352]
Soter, Bishop or Pope of Rome, [10], [131];
on numbers of Christians at Rome, [104] & [n. 2], [106], [107]
Spartianus, historian, [75]
Stanley, Dean, on a child’s Epitaph in the Abbey, [309];
on early Christianity, [318 n. 2], [319] & [n. 1];
on the witness of the Catacombs to the life of the Early Church, [219–20]
Statius, [59 n. 1]
Stephen, Bishop or Pope of Rome, [131]
Suetonius, history by, [60], [62], [63], [269];
on Christians accused of firing Rome, [27];
on Domitian’s persecutions, [41];
on Jewish expulsion from Rome, and its cause, [18];
on Neronic persecution, [62];
on Vespasian’s attitude to Christians, [40]
Sura, Rabbinic School at, [326], [327], [344], [346], [358 n. 1], [359], [373];
founder of, [357] & [n. 1]
“Syllogæ” of Early Christian Inscriptions, where found, [230]
Sylloge Palestina, the, [215]
Symmachus, Memmius, and his father’s Letters, [65]
Symmachus, Pope, [60 n. 1];
Council held by, [262]
Symmachus, Q. Aurelius, career of, and writings (Letters) of, [64–5], [66]
Syria, Vespasian’s legions in, [331]

Tacitus, History of, [60], [61], [62]
Lost Book of, on Titus’s destruction of the Temple, [39], [331] & [n. 1], [332]
Period of, [63]
Pliny’s letter to, [92]
on Christianity, progress of, [107];
on Christians accused of firing Rome, [27];
on Christians of high station, [110];
on conversion of Pomponia Græcina, [245];
on numbers of Christians, [103], [107]
on Jewish fecundity, [5 n. 1];
on the persecutions, [36], [46 n. 1], [62], [103], [177], [208];
on Roman simplicity, [88]
Talmud, the, see also [Mishnah] and [Gemara]
Akiba’s work on, [354–6]
and the Jew (Book V.), [325] et seq.
Authority of, [368–9]
Codification of, workers on, [356–7]
Divine inspiration claimed for, [365]
History of, traditional, [339–40]
Influence of, on Christianity, [326], [327], [348], [370] & [n. 1]
on the Jews of the Dispersion, [339], [340], [346–7], [353], [368], [372–3]
Jewish devotion to, [326], [327], [347], [350], [368–9]
Materials, origin and founders of, [348] et seq., [358 n. 1], [360]
Meaning of term, [358 n. 1]
Object of, [345]
Popularity of, cause of, [371]
Power of, [346–7]
Recensions of, [344], [345], [359], [373]
Story of, [365–6]
Teaching of, differences in, from that of Christ, [366–8]
Method of, [357–60]
Spirituality of, [345], [352]
on Inspiration of Pentateuch and of the Prophets, [364–5]
on Miracles, [365]
on Bar-cochab, [336–7];
and on Rabbi Akiba, [355];
on the last war of the Jews, [98], [338] & [n. 1];
and on destruction of the Temple, [332]
Tannaim, the, [344], [358 n. 1]
Targumim, the, [360];
Haggadic pieces in, [373];
excerpts from, [373–5]
Tarquinius Priscus, [87]
Taylor, Dr., on Rabbinic dicta, [365 n. 1]
Teaching and doctrine, Early Christian Assemblies, [113–4];
groundwork of, [115–9];
as met with in the Catacombs, [220], [309] et seq., [312] & [n. 1], [315], [316] et seq.
Telesphorus, Pope, burial-place of, [287]
Temple, the, of Jerusalem, destruction of, [22], [331–4], [340] et seq., [355], [362], [368];
the end of Mosaism, [341]
Stones of Wailing all that is left of, [338]
Treasures from, in Rome, [333] & [n. 2], [351]
Women’s Court in, [380]
of Peace, Rome, [333 n. 2]
Tenth Legion, at Jerusalem, [332]
Tertullian, [151], [204], [315]
Rigourism of, [146], [151], [153–4], [179], [182]
Silent as to Vespasian, [40 n. 3]
Teaching of, [138]
Writings of:—
ad Uxor, on Hospitality, [128]
Apology of, resemblances between, and Octavius of Minucius Felix, [186]
Martyrs’ Manuals, [199]
Scorpiace, [121 n. 1];
S. Paul cited in, [202], [203] & [n. 1]
Treatise on Idolatry, [144 n. 1];
on training for Martyrdom, [203]
cited in support of Petrine tradition, [10–11], [13], [14];
on aid to prisoners, [130];
on almsgiving, [120];
on burying the poor, [132], [133];
on Christ with the Kid, [319], [320];
on Christian love, [119];
on highly-placed Christians, [111], [147], [149];
on idol-worship, [144 n. 1];
on insensibility of martyrs to pain, [200];
on numbers of Christians in the second century, [104], [105];
on penalty of being a Christian, [197] & [n. 1];
and on enduring hardness, [153–4];
on persecutions, [32], [36], [37], [190–1];
on physical training for martyrdom, [198], [202–3];
on Pliny’s correspondence with Trajan, [45], [46];
and on inconsistencies in Trajan’s Rescript, [55]
Testaments of the XII Patriarchs, on Almsgiving, [121]
Theban Legion, martyrdom of, legend of, [148 n. 1]
Theodelinda, and the Monza Catalogue (q.v.), [214–5], [228], [304]
Theodosius, Emperor, [253];
and the Basilica of S. Paul, [238];
Latin writers of his period, [64]
Theophitus, Bishop of Antioch, on assemblies, [108–9];
on persecution, [189–90]
Thibaritanos, Ad, letter by S. Cyprian, [198 n. 2], [199]
Thirty-nine Articles, the, [319 n. 1]
Thrason, Catacombs of, [258], [260]
Tiber, the, Catacombs beside, Itineraries on, [210–14];
S. Peter’s baptisms in, [11], [14]
Tiberias, Rabbinic School at, [326], [327];
method, study, and work at, [344], [346], [357], [358 n. 1]
Tibur, Hadrian’s Villa near, [82]
Tiburtius, martyr, tomb of, [242]
Tigellinus, evil counsel of, to Nero, [27]
Tillemont,—, [289];
on the Acts of S. Felicitas, [300];
on the martyrdom of the Theban Legion, [148 n. 1]
Titus, Bishop of Crete, Epistle of S. Paul to, on slavery, [135]
Titus, Emperor, [85], [325];
persecution under, [172], [173], [174], and see [207]
Siege by, of Jerusalem and triumph after, [331–4], [351], [352]
Views of, on Jewish and Christian religions, [39]
Toleration, advocated by some Early Christians, De Broglie on, [142–3]
Torah, the, [330], [341], [351], [352], [370];
additions, directions, explanations made to (see also under Names), [343] & [nn. 1] & [2] et seq.
Haggadic notices on, from Palestinian Targum, [373–5]
Halachic developments of, [376–7]
History of, [339]
Inspiration claimed for, [343], [364]
Mishnah and Gemara built up on, [361]
Post-exilic reverence for, [342] et seq.
Schools devoted to study of (see also [Rabbinic Schools]), [326]
Temple copy of, in Rome, [333] & [n.]2
Torre Pignatara, tomb of S. Helena at, [249]
Trade, difficulties in, of Early Christians, [141]
Tradition, rehabilitated by Archæology, [105], [225–6], [230–1], [239–40], [241], [289], [293], [298], [304]
on S. Peter as founder of Roman Christianity, [7], [8];
literary and archaeological support to, [8], [9] et seq.
Trajan, Emperor, [110], [164], [171], [172], [182];
attitude to, of Christian historians, [48–9]
Characteristics of, [49–50], [55], [85]
Death of, and successor, [75]
Pliny’s letter to, [27], [32], [35 n. 1], [43], [45] et seq., [56], [103] & [n. 2], [177]
Pope Gregory the Great’s prayer for, [49]
Principles of, as to Christians, [78], [97]
Rescript of, in reply to Pliny, [45] et seq., [56], [57], [177];
effect of, [180];
provisions of, [49–50];
publication of, [60 n. 1];
Tertullian’s criticisms on, [55];
views of scholars cited on, [49]
Social life of his time, [89]
Zealot revolt under, [334]
Translation of remains of Martyrs and Saints, [235], [236], [262], [263], [266] & [n. 1], [267], [272], [273–4], [292], [298]
Trastevere Quarter, Catacombs in, Itineraries on, [210–11]
Tridentine Catechism, the, [319 n. 1]
Trinity, Blessed, references to, in Catacombs, [316]
Triumvirate, proscription of, [56]
“Tropæum,” the, probable identification of, [282]

Ubaldi, Canon of S. Peter’s, on discoveries during erection of Bernini’s baldachino, [281] & [n. 1] et seq.
Uhlhorn,—, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, [49]
Urban VIII, Pope, and the discovery of S. Peter’s sarcophagus, [233 n. 1], [280] et seq.;
epigram on, [280]
Urbanus, Bishop (not of Rome), and S. Cecilia, [290]
Urbanus, Bishop of Rome, [290]
Uxor, Ad, by Tertullian, [128]

Valentinian ii, Emperor, and the Basilica of S. Paul, [238]
Valentinus, the Gnostic, [112 n. 1]
Valerian, Emperor, favour shown by, to Christians, [147];
persecution under, [243], [247], [256], [275]
Vatican Basilica, the, [293]
Hill, Cemetery on, [243], [272–3];
beginning of, [280], [285], [286];
“Itinerary” on, [210];
rediscovery of, [280]
Papal tombs and Crypt of, [234], [236–7], [242], [244], [245] et seq.;
Popes buried in, [16], [233], [273], [283], [284], [286–7]
S. Peter’s tomb in, [16], [232], [233], [237]
Gardens on, martyrdoms in, [28], [29], [30], [32];
site of S. Peter’s death, [267]
Vatican Hill, “Memoriæ” of Apostles on, [11], [233]
Vergil, poems by, [87], [88], [91];
teaching of, [88], [95]
Verus, son of Ælius Verus, adopted by Antoninus Pius, [83]
Vespasian, Emperor, [33];
attitude of, to Christianity, [39–40] & [nn.], [207];
difficulties with the Jews, [92]
Persecution under, [172], [173], [174]
Roman characteristics of, [85]
Siege by, of Jerusalem, [330–1]
Temple of Peace built by, [333 n. 2]
Triumph of, [333]
Vestibule of Domitilla Cemetery, [240]
Via Appia, catacombs of, [211–12], [234], [237], [242] et seq., [301]
Ardeatina, catacombs of, [211], [239–42];
excavations in, value of, to history, [239–40]
Aurelia or Aurelia Vetus, catacombs along, [210–11], [233–5]
Flaminia, catacomb of, [214], [275–6]
Labicana, catacombs of, [212], [249]
Latina, catacombs of, [212], [248–9]
Nomentana, catacombs of, [212–3], [255–8]
Ostiensis, catacombs on, [211], [236–9], [243]
Portuensis, catacombs on, [211], [235–6]
Salaria, catacombs of, rediscovery of, [223] & [n. 1]
Cemetery of S. Priscilla on, [12]
Salaria Nova, catacombs of, [213], [258] et seq., [302], [303]
Salaria Vetus, catacombs of, [213], [274–5]
Tiburtina, catacombs of, [212], [250–5]
Vaticana, catacombs of, [210]
Victor, Pope, burial-place of, [287]
Vienne, martyrdoms at, [201], [208];
persecution at, by M. Aurelius, [94]
Vigilius, Pope, burial-place of, [272]
Viminal Hill, church on, [262]
Vision of S. Flavian, on Insensibility of Martyrs to Pain, [200]
Vision, The, of Perpetua, [199]
Vitellius, Emperor, [39], [331]

“War of Extermination,” the, [338]
Wars of the Jews, the three last, [77], [78–9], [80], [325], [329] et seq., [338], [354]
Westcott, Bishop, on date of letter to “Diognetus,” [178 n. 1]
Westminster Abbey, epitaph of Jane Lister in, [309]
Westminster Confession, [319 n. 1]
Whepstead, church of S. Parnel at, [278]
Widows and orphans, care of Early Church for, [124], [126]
William of Malmesbury, Itinerary of, on Roman Catacombs, [210], [211], [213]
Authority of, [210], [213], [227]
Date of, [227]
on S. Cecilia’s tomb, [293];
on S. Felicitas and her sons and their tombs, [303]
Wiseman, Cardinal, [263]
Women, Christ’s teaching on, and the Talmudic contrasted, [367] & [n. 1];
Court of, in the Temple, [380]
Worcester, two Saints of, [321]
Wordsworth, W., poem of, on S. Cecilia, [294 n. 1]
Worship (see also [Assemblies], [Idol-worship], [Incense]), in Christian Assemblies, Justin Martyr on, [113–4]
Wulphere, King of the Mercians, [279]

Xiphilin or Xiphilinus, on Domitian, [41];
on Hadrian, [75]

Zealots, Rabbinic masters unsympathetic to, [342], [353], [354];
revolts of, and results, [330–1], [332], [334–5]
Zephyrinus, Pope, martyr, [11];
tomb of, [243], [245], [273], [291]

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