GENERAL PHENOMENA.
1. Sky becoming overcast with cirro-stratus clouds moving from the southwest, west, or northwest.
2. Increasing haziness, especially in the upper atmosphere after a spell of fair weather.
3. Halos and corona.
4. Variable light wind veering and backing frequently, with a tendency to an easterly direction.
5. Sun setting red among threatening clouds or giving the horizon a greenish tinge.
6. Heavy dews in summer.
7. Driving scud, with increasing humidity.
Wood’s Holl, Mass.
Easterly storms are preceded by rapidly rising barometer and temperature, cirrus clouds in early morning moving slowly from the northwest twelve or fourteen hours before approach of storm, and unusually high tides.
Southerly storms by rapidly falling barometer, rising temperature, clouds moving rapidly from the southwest, heavy ocean-swell, and tides running stronger, but not as high as before easterly storms.
Westerly storms by falling barometer, clouds moving in all directions, ocean greatly agitated, with low tides.
Sea birds come into harbor six or eight hours before storm arrives, and remain until it is over.
Wytheville, Va.
Slowly falling barometer, rising temperature, east to southeast winds veering to west.
In winter snow storms are preceded by northeast winds, rising temperature, and slow fall of barometer.
Well-defined cirro-cumulus moving from any direction indicate rain.
Yankton, Dak.
Wind storms are preceded by falling barometer, sudden rise of temperature, clouds moving rapidly from the northwest, with southeast surface wind.
If a calm, with high temperature, occurs after a brisk northerly wind for twenty-four or forty-eight hours, a northwest gale may be expected.
Rain storms are preceded by barometric fluctuations, a hazy, ragged-edged, dark cloud, and wind from east to northeast.
The following tables contain the information heretofore published in pamphlet form under the title of “Rain and Dry Winds,” computed for geographical districts.
Table I. Shows the quadrant from which the winds are most likely to be followed by rain or snow.
Table II. Shows the quadrant from which the winds are least likely to be followed by rain or snow.
These tables are computed from all the observations made by this bureau since its establishment to January 1, 1882.
The districts herein referred to are those adopted by this office as shown by the “District Map.” For convenience of reference they are herein described at the foot of each table.
Table No. I.—Winds most likely to be followed by rain or snow.
1871 to 1881, INCLUSIVE.
| Geographical district. | January. | February. | March. | April. | May. | June. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Gulf States | S to E | S to E | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Key West and Punta Rassa | SE to NE | S to E | S to E | S to E | SE to NE | SE to NE |
| Lower Lake Region | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | W to S | W to S |
| Lower Mississippi Valley | SW to SE | S to E | S to E | S to E | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Middle Atlantic States | SE to NE | S to E | S to E | S to E | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Middle Eastern Rocky Mountain Slope | NE to NW | E to N | E to N | E to N | SE to NE | S to E |
| Middle Pacific Coast Region | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Middle Plateau District | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | NW to SW | NE to NW |
| Missouri Valley | NE to NW | NE to NW | S to E | SE to NE | S to E | S to E |
| New England States | SW to SE | SW to SE | S to E | S to E | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Northern Rocky Mountain Slope | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW | SE to NE |
| North Pacific Coast Region | SW to SE | W to S | SW to SE | SW to SE | W to S | W to S |
| Northern Plateau District | W to S | SW to SE | SW to SE | NW to SW | W to S | NW to SW |
| Ohio Valley | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Rio Grande Valley | SE to NE | SE to NE | SE to NE | SE to NE | SE to NE | S to E |
| South Atlantic States | E to N | SE to NE | W to S | SW to SE | SE to NE | SW to SE |
| Southeastern Rocky Mountain Slope | E to N | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E |
| South Pacific Coast Region | S to E | W to S | W to S | W to S | W to S | SW to SE |
| Southern Plateau District | W to S | W to S | SW to SE | W to S | SW to SE | S to E |
| Tennessee | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | W to S |
| Upper Lake Region | SW to SE | SW to SE | SE to NE | SE to NE | S to E | SW to SE |
| Upper Mississippi Valley | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | SW to SE |
| Western Gulf States | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E |
| = | ||||||
| Geographical district. | July. | August. | September. | October. | November. | December. |
| Eastern Gulf States | SW to SE | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E |
| Key West and Punta Rassa | SE to NE | SE to NE | SE to NE | SE to NE | SE to NE | SE to NE |
| Lower Lake Region | W to S | W to S | W to S | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Lower Mississippi Valley | NW to SW | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | S to E | SE to NE |
| Middle Atlantic States | SW to SE | SW to SE | S to E | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Middle Eastern Rocky Mountain Slope | S to E | S to E | S to E | SE to NE | NE to NW | E to N |
| Middle Pacific Coast Region | SW to SE | W to S | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Middle Plateau District | N to W | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | W to S | SW to SE |
| Missouri Valley | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | NE to NW | NE to NW |
| New England States | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | NE to NW |
| Northern Rocky Mountain Slope | S to E | SE to NE | NE to NW | NE to NW | N to W | NE to NW |
| North Pacific Coast Region | W to S | SW to SE | SW to SE | W to S | SW to SE | S to E |
| Northern Plateau District | W to S | NW to SW | NW to SW | W to S | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Ohio Valley | W to S | W to S | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE |
| Rio Grande Valley | S to E | SE to NE | SE to NE | SE to NE | E to N | SE to NE |
| South Atlantic States | SW to SE | SW to SE | SE to NE | SE to NE | E to N | SW to SE |
| Southeastern Rocky Mountain Slope | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | E to N | E to N |
| South Pacific Coast Region | W to S | NW to SW | N to W | W to S | W to S | S to E |
| Southern Plateau District | SW to SE | S to E | SW to SE | SW to SE | S to E | W to S |
| Tennessee | W to S | W to S | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | W to S |
| Upper Lake Region | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | W to S | W to S |
| Upper Mississippi Valley | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | SW to SE | S to E | S to E |
| Western Gulf States | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E | S to E |
NOTES.
Eastern Gulf States.—Eastern Mississippi, Alabama, and Northwestern Florida.
Lower Lake Region.—Lake Erie and Ontario, with adjacent territory.
Lower Mississippi Valley.—A belt of country, 200 miles broad, from Cairo to Vicksburg. Below Vicksburg the character of the country so changes that it is no longer described as a valley.
Middle Atlantic States.—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia as the Middle States, and that part of those States lying east of the Alleghanies as the Middle Atlantic States.
Middle Eastern Rocky Mountain Slope.—Eastern Colorado, Southern Nebraska, Kansas, northwestern portion of Indian Territory, portion of Northern Texas, also a portion of Northeastern New Mexico.
Middle Pacific Coast Region.—Those portions of California west of the Sierra Nevadas and north of the 37th parallel of latitude.
Middle Plateau District.—Western Colorado, Utah, Nevada, southwestern corner of Wyoming, and the portions of California lying east of the Sierra Nevadas.
Missouri Valley.—A belt of country 200 miles broad, from Fort Sully, Dak., to Jefferson City, Mo.
New England States.—Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.
Northern Rocky Mountain Slope.—Those portions of Montana and Wyoming lying east of the Rocky Mountains, Southwestern Dakota, and Northwestern Nebraska.
North Pacific Region.—Those portions of Oregon and Washington Territory lying west of the Cascade range.
Northern Plateau District.—Portion of Western Wyoming, Western Montana, Idaho, and the portions of Oregon and Washington Territory lying east of the Cascade range.
Ohio Valley.—The belt of country, about 200 miles broad, from Pittsburgh, Pa., to Cairo, Ill.
Rio Grande Valley.—Southwestern Texas below the junction of the Rio Pecos with the Rio Grande.
South Atlantic States.—North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Northern and Eastern Florida.
Southeastern Rocky Mountain Slope.—Southeastern New Mexico, Central and Western Texas.
South Pacific Coast Region.—Those portions of California west of the Sierra Nevadas and south of the 37th parallel of latitude.
Southern Plateau District.—Western New Mexico, Arizona, and Southeastern California.
Upper Lake Region.—Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan, with adjacent country.
Upper Mississippi Valley.—The belt of country, about 200 miles broad, from Saint Paul to Cairo. 0 Western Gulf States.—Western Louisiana, Western Arkansas, Eastern Texas, Southern Missouri, and southeastern portion of Indian Territory.
Table No. II.—Winds least likely to be followed by rain or snow.
1871 to 1881, INCLUSIVE.
| Geographical district. | January. | February. | March. | April. | May. | June. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Gulf States | NW to SW | NW to SW | N to W | N to W | N to W | NE to NW |
| Key West and Punta Rassa | NW to SW | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W |
| Lower Lake Region | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW | N to W | E to N | E to N |
| Lower Mississippi Valley | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | NE to NW | E to N |
| Middle Atlantic States | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | NE to NW |
| Middle Eastern Rocky Mountain Slope | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW |
| Middle Pacific Coast Region | E to N | E to N | NE to NW | E to N | E to N | NE to NW |
| Middle Plateau District | E to N | N to W | E to N | E to N | E to N | W to S |
| Missouri Valley | W to S | W to S | W to S | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW |
| New England States | SE to NE | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W |
| Northern Rocky Mountain Slope | S to E | W to S | W to S | W to S | W to S | NW to SW |
| North Pacific Coast Region | NE to NW | NE to NW | E to N | E to N | SE to NE | SE to NE |
| Northern Plateau District | NE to NW | NE to NW | E to N | NE to NW | E to N | E to N |
| Ohio Valley | N to W | NE to NW | N to W | NE to NW | NE to NW | E to N |
| Rio Grande Valley | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW |
| South Atlantic States | NW to SW | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | NE to NW |
| Southeastern Rocky Mountain Slope | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | N to W | N to W |
| South Pacific Coast Region | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW | E to N | E to N | E to N |
| Southern Plateau District | NE to NW | E to N | E to N | E to N | NE to NW | N to W |
| Tennessee | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | NE to NW |
| Upper Lake Region | E to N | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W |
| Upper Mississippi Valley | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | N to W | N to W | NE to NW |
| Western Gulf States | NW to SW | N to W | NW to SW | N to W | N to W | N to W |
| Geographical district. | July. | August. | September. | October. | November. | December. |
| Eastern Gulf States | NE to NW | NE to NW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW |
| Key West and Punta Rassa | NE to NW | N to W | N to W | NW to SW | N to W | N to W |
| Lower Lake Region | E to N | E to N | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW |
| Lower Mississippi Valley | E to N | E to N | NW to SW | N to W | NW to SW | N to W |
| Middle Atlantic States | E to N | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W |
| Middle Eastern Rocky Mountain Slope | NW to SW | W to S | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | W to S |
| Middle Pacific Coast Region | NE to NW | E to N | E to N | NE to NW | SE to NE | E to N |
| Middle Plateau District | SE to NE | E to N | E to N | E to N | E to N | E to N |
| Missouri Valley | NW to SW | N to W | NW to SW | NW to SW | W to S | W to S |
| New England States | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W | NW to SW |
| Northern Rocky Mountain Slope | NW to SW | NW to SW | SW to SE | SW to SE | SE to NE | W to S |
| North Pacific Coast Region | SE to NE | SE to NE | E to N | E to N | E to N | NE to NW |
| Northern Plateau District | SE to NE | S to E | S to E | E to N | E to N | NE to NW |
| Ohio Valley | E to N | E to N | N to W | E to N | N to W | N to W |
| Rio Grande Valley | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | W to S | W to S |
| South Atlantic States | N to W | N to W | N to W | NW to SW | NW to SW | N to W |
| Southeastern Rocky Mountain Slope | N to W | N to W | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW |
| South Pacific Coast Region | E to N | S to E | S to E | SE to NE | NE to NW | NE to NW |
| Southern Plateau District | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW | NE to NW | E to N |
| Tennessee | NE to NW | E to N | N to W | N to W | N to W | N to W |
| Upper Lake Region | N to W | N to W | N to W | E to N | E to N | E to N |
| Upper Mississippi Valley | N to W | NE to NW | E to N | N to W | NW to SW | NW to SW |
| Western Gulf States | NE to NW | N to W | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW | NW to SW |
NOTES.
Eastern Gulf States.—Eastern Mississippi, Alabama, and Northwestern Florida.
Lower Lake Region.—Lakes Erie and Ontario with adjacent territory.
Lower Mississippi Valley.—A belt of country 200 miles broad, from Cairo to Vicksburg. Below Vicksburg the character of the country so changes that it is no longer described as a valley.
Middle Atlantic States.—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia as the Middle States, and that part of those States lying east of the Alleghanies as the Middle Atlantic States.
Middle Eastern Rocky Mountain Slope.—Eastern Colorado, Southern Nebraska, Kansas, northwestern portion of Indian Territory, portion of northern Texas, also a portion of Northeastern New Mexico.
Middle Pacific Coast Region.—Those portions of California west of the Sierra Nevadas and north of the 37th parallel of latitude.
Middle Plateau District.—Western Colorado, Utah, Nevada, southwestern corner of Wyoming, and the portions of California lying east of the Sierra Nevadas.
Missouri Valley.—A belt of country 200 miles broad, from Fort Sully, Dak., to Jefferson City, Mo.
New England States.—Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.
Northern Rocky Mountain Slope.—Those portions of Montana and Wyoming lying east of the Rocky Mountains, Southwestern Dakota, and Northwestern Nebraska.
North Pacific Region.—Those portions of Oregon and Washington Territory lying west of the Cascade range.
Northern Plateau District.—Portion of Western Wyoming, Western Montana, Idaho, and the portions of Oregon and Washington Territory lying east of the Cascade range.
Ohio Valley.—The belt of country, about 200 miles broad, from Pittsburg, Pa., to Cairo, Ill.
Rio Grande Valley.—Southwestern Texas below the junction of the Rio Pecos with the Rio Grande.
South Atlantic States.—North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Northern and Eastern Florida.
Southeastern Rocky Mountain Slope.—Southeastern New Mexico, Central and Western Texas.
South Pacific Coast Region.—Those portions of California west of the Sierra Nevadas and south of the 37th parallel of latitude.
Southern Plateau District.—Western New Mexico, Arizona, and Southeastern California.
Upper Lake Region.—Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan with adjacent country.
Upper Mississippi Valley.—The belt of country, about 200 miles broad, from Saint Paul to Cairo.
Western Gulf States.—Western Louisiana, Western Arkansas, Eastern Texas, Southern Missouri, and southeastern portion of Indian Territory.