APPENDIX I.
The Rulers and Ministers of the Great Powers of Europe, 1789–1815.
(Capitals indicate Rulers; small capitals, Chief Ministers; and italics, Foreign Ministers.
| Holy Roman Empire; after 1805, Austria. | Great Britain. | France. | Prussia. | Russia. | Spain. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1789. | JOSEPH II. (Emperor since 1765; ruler of Austria since 1780). Kaunitz (since 1756). Philip Cobenzl (since 1780). | GEORGE III. (since 1760). William Pitt (since Dec. 1783). Duke of Leeds (since Dec. 1783). | LOUIS XVI. (since 1774). Comte de Montmorin (since 1787). | FREDERICK WILLIAM II. (since 1786). Hertzberg (since 1756). | CATHERINE II. (since 1762). Ostermann (since 1775). | CHARLES IV. (since Dec. 1788). Florida Blanca (since 1773). | 1789. |
| 1790. | LEOPOLD II. (Feb.). | 1790. | |||||
| 1791. | Lord Grenville (June). | A. de Valdec de Lessart (Nov.). | Schulemburg (May). | 1791. | |||
| 1792. | FRANCIS II. (March). | REPUBLIC (Sept.) Dumouriez (March). Chambonas (June). Bigot de Ste. Croix (Aug.) Lebrun Tondu (Aug.) | Haugwitz (Oct.) | Aranda (July). Godoy (Nov.). | 1792. | ||
| 1793. | Deforgues (June). | 1793. | |||||
| 1794. | Colloredo Thugut (June). | (Ministry abolished—April ’94-Oct. ’95). | 1794. | ||||
| 1795. | DIRECTORY (Oct.) Delacroix (Nov.) | 1795. | |||||
| 1796. | PAUL I. (Nov.) Ostermann. Panine. | 1796. | |||||
| 1797. | Louis Cobenzl (April). | Talleyrand (July). | FREDERICK WILLIAM III. (Nov.) | 1797. | |||
| 1798. | Saavedra (March). Urquijo (August). | 1798. | |||||
| 1799. | Thugut (Jan.) Lehrbach (Oct.) | CONSULATE (Nov.) Reinhardt (July). Talleyrand (Nov.) | 1799. | ||||
| 1800. | Godoy (Dec.) | 1800. | |||||
| 1801. | Louis Cobenzl | Henry Addington (March). Lord Hawkesbury (March). | ALEXANDER I. (Mar.) Panine. Kotchoubey. | 1801. | |||
| 1802. | Voronzov. | 1802. | |||||
| 1803. | 1803. | ||||||
| 1804. | William Pitt (May). Lord Harrowby 〃 | Hardenberg (Aug.) | Adam Czartoryski (May). | 1804. | |||
| 1805. | Lord Mulgrave (Jan.) | NAPOLEON, Emperor. | 1805. | ||||
| 1806. | Philip Stadion | Lord Grenville (Feb.) Charles James Fox (Feb.) Viscount Howick (Sept.) | Haugwitz (Feb.) Hardenberg (Nov.) | Baron Budberg (Aug.) | 1806. | ||
| 1807. | Duke of Portland (March). George Canning (March). | Champagny (Aug.) | Stein (July). Goltz (July). | Roumianzov (Sept.) | 1807. | ||
| 1808. | JOSEPH BONAPARTE. Azanza. | 1808. | |||||
| 1809. | Metternich | Spencer Perceval (Dec.) Lord Bathurst (Oct.) Lord Wellesley (Dec.) | 1809. | ||||
| 1810. | Hardenberg (July). | Roumianzov. Nesselrode. | 1810. | ||||
| 1811. | Maret (April). | 1811. | |||||
| 1812. | Lord Castlereagh (March). Earl of Liverpool (June). | 1812. | |||||
| 1813. | Caulaincourt (Nov.) | 1813. | |||||
| 1814. | LOUIS XVIII. Talleyrand (April). | FERDINAND VII. | 1814. |