INDEX.

Agents of transportation, [161].
Ages of strata, how determined, [317]-[333].
Air, composition of, [209].
Alpine animals, [124]. plants, [103], [114].
Alps, the history of, [330].
(See also Ruskin.)
Ancients, the, their dread of the mountains, [3].
Andes, the, elevation of, [189].
Animals, behaviour of, before an avalanche or earthquake, [95].
"Anticline," [237], [303], [327].
Appalachian Mountains, denudation of the, [239], [305]-[309].
Aqueous rocks, [154].
Archæan Era, [324].
Arctic flora, [121].
"Arthur's Seat," [277].
Ashes, volcanic, [245], [251], [260].
Atlantic ooze, [172].
Atmosphere, effects produced by the, [209].
rarefaction of, [79].
Avalanches, [89].
Badger, the, in Alps, [128].
Baltic Sea, changes in, [182].
Barrier reef, of Australia, [170].
Basalt, of Hebrides, [278]. of Snowdon, [272].
Basin, the Great, of United States, [313].
Bear, brown, [125].
black, [126].
Beaver, the, in Alps, [128].
Bergfalls, [97].
Bernina, the, fall of rocks from, [98].
Bird, Miss (Mrs. Bishop), on eruption of Kilauea, [262].
Birds, of Alps, [134].
Blueness of the sky, [75].
Bombs, volcanic, [253].
Bonney, Prof., on mountain legends, [23].
on effects of the Alps in Europe, [48].
on wind on mountain-tops, [84].
on Alpine plants, [115].
on forms of mountains, [294].
Boulders, erratic, [225].
Bouquetin, the, in Alps, [133].
Britain, Great, rainfall of, [42].
Building up of mountains, [174].
Butterflies, in Alps, [138].
Buzzard, the, in Alps, [136].
Cader Idris, volcano rocks of, [272].
Cainozoic Era, [324].
Callao, [189].
Cambrian rocks, [296], [324].
Canisp Mountain, [297].
Cañons of Colorado, [221].
Carbonic acid in atmosphere, [210].
Carboniferous Period, [324].
Catastrophes, [215].
Caves, human remains, etc., in, [31].
Celsius, on elevation of Gulf of Bothnia, [178].
Chalk, Cretaceous rocks composed of, [325].
origin of. See Limestones.
Challenger, H. M. S., expedition of, [251].
Chamois, the, in Alps, [130].
Characteristics of mountain races, [14].
China clay, [292].
Classification of rocks, [157].
Cleavage of slates, [151], [340].
Coniferous trees, region of, [111].
Contortions in strata, [298], [311].
Contraction and expansion of rocks, [208].
Contraction theory of earth-movements, [338].
Coral reefs, [170].
Cotopaxi, [259].
Crystalline schists, [312].
Darwin, Charles, on elevation of the Andes, [189].
Deciduous trees, mountain region of, [110].
Dent de Mayen, [99].
Dent du Midi, fall of rock from, [98].
Denudation, [220], [229], [288], [312].
Devonian rocks, [324].
Diablerets, fall of rock from, [98].
Dislocations of mountain rocks, [313], [315].
Dust, volcanic, [245], [260].
Dykes, [245].
Eagle, the golden, [136].
Earth-pillars in Tyrol, [221].
Earthquakes, [95], [102], [196].
effects of, [198], [336].
causes of, [198], [200].
Lucretius on, [199].
Earth-tremors, [194].
Elevation of mountains, [146], [200], [202], [299], [336].
continents, [298]-[299].
Encrinites, [171].
Eocene Period, [324].
Equador and Peru, earthquake of, [197].
Eras, geological, [324].
Eruptions, volcanic, [247].
Fairies, [5].
Falcon, the, in Alps, [136].
"Fan-structure," [310].
"Faults" and fractures, [200], [313].
Features characteristic of mountains, [177].
Ferns, [118].
Fishes, Age of, [322].
Fissures, [268].
Föhn, the, [84].
Foraminifera, [172].
Fox, the, in Alps, [127].
Frog, the, in Alps, [137].
Frost, effects of, on mountain rocks, [212].
Game-birds, in Alps, [137].
Ganges and Brahmapootra, [167].
Geikie, Sir A., on influence of Scottish scenery, [21].
on the Highland plateau, [284].
on the mountains of West Sutherland, [296].
Giant's Causeway, basalt of, [279].
Glace, Mer de, [229].
Glacial drifts, [227].
Glacial region of vegetation in Alps, [116].
Glaciers, erosive power of, [228].
Glare from snow in Alps, [76].
Gneiss, [156], [292].
Gold and silver in mountains, [61].
in the earth, [350].
Grampians, [276].
Granite, [210].
weathering of, [291].
in mountain-chains, [312].
Greenland, elevation of, [186].
Green slates and porphyries, [275].
Gulf Stream, [42].
Hare, the, in Alps, [128].
Hawaii, [256].
Heat, effects of, on rocks, [154], [156], [160].
underground, of the earth, [338], [345].
Hebrides, former volcanic action in, [278].
Height, influence of, on vegetation, [107].
Herculaneum, [254].
Highest cluster of houses in the world, [79].
Highlands of Scotland, [284].
Himalayas, description of, [6].
Hutton, [142], [320].
Iberian, or pre-Celtic race, [30].
Ice Age, the, [65], [123].
Ice, as a geological agent, [223].
Igneous rocks, [155].
Imbaburu, eruption of mud from, [259].
Implements of stone, [31].
Jackdaw, the, in Alps, [136].
Jura Mountains, [300], [306].
Jurassic rocks, [324].
Kilauea, eruption of. (See Bird, Miss.)
Kite, the, in Alps, [136].
Krakatoa, [252].
Labrador, elevation of, [192].
Lake District, denudation of, [220].
volcanic rocks of, [275].
Lakes, origin of, [47].
Lateral pressure, applied to mountains, [310], [315], [337].
Lichens and mosses. (See Ruskin.)
Limestones, origin of, [151], [153], [169].
Lisbon, earthquake at, [197].
Livingstone, on splitting of rocks, [212].
Lizard, the, in Alps, [137].
Lyell, Sir Charles, [333].
Lynx, the, in Alps, [128].
Mal de montagne, [80].
Mammals, age of, [322].
Marmot, the, in Alps, [129].
Mauna Loa, eruption of, [256].
Mendip Hills, [327].
Mer de Glace. (See Glace.)
Metals, precious, [60].
in the earth, [349].
Metamorphic rocks, [156], [157], [298], [330].
Mica-schist, [156], [293].
Miller, Hugh, [150].
Milne, Prof., on earth-pulsations, [193].
Minor cones of volcanoes, [246].
Miocene Period, [278], [324].
Mississippi, denudation by the, [232].
Moel Tryfaen, raised beach in, [186].
Mont Blanc, [310].
Monte Conto, downfall of, in 1618, [101].
Monte Nuovo, [248].
Moraines, [225].
Mountain limestone, [152].
Mountains, as barriers between nations, [26].
as reservoirs of water, [43].
human wants supplied by, [58].
influence of, on climate, [62].
causing movements in the atmosphere, [65].
as backbones of continents, [67].
floras of, [103]-[124].
forms of, how determined, [282].
general features of, [177], [283].
structure of, how determined, [308].
elevation of, [174], [313].
formed by huge dislocations, [313].
Ruskin on uses of, [68].
" on a scene on the Jura, [300].
" on flowers of, [107].
Mud-flows from volcanoes, [259].
"Needles," the, of Colorado, [221].
Neptunists and Plutonists, [160].
New England, elevation of, [192].
New Zealand, elevation of, [190].
Nummulites, [331].
Old Red Sandstone, [150], [324].
Olive region, the, [107].
Organically formed rocks, [157].
Ornamentation of mountains, [147].
Oxygen, in air, [209].
Palæozoic Era, [324].
Permian rocks, [324].
Pleistocene rocks, [324].
Pliocene, [324].
Plutonists, [160].
Pompeii, buried up, [254].
Precious stones in mountains, [277].
Primary Era, [324].
Pulsations of the earth. (See Milne.)
Quinag, [297].
Rabbit, the, in Alps, [128].
Raised beaches, [185].
Raven, the, in Alps, [136].
Red clay, of Atlantic Ocean, [252].
Reptiles, Age of, [323].
Righi Mountain, fall of rock from, [99].
Rivers, transporting power of, [161]-[168].
Roches Moutonnées, [227].
"Rocking Stones," [292].
Ross and Sutherland, mountains of, [315].
Rossberg, the, fall of rock from, [99]-[101].
Ruskin, on effect of tourists in Switzerland, [21].
on effects of scenery on mythology, [22].
on uses of mountains, [50].
on formation of soil, [55].
on lichens and mosses, [119].
on the Alps, [289].
on a scene in the Jura Mountains, [300].
Santorin, island of, [257].
Scandinavia, elevation of, [180].
Scenery, influence of rocks on, [219].
Schists. (See Mica-schist.)
Scotland, former volcanic action in, [275].
Sea-beaches, [183].
Sea-level, constancy of, [179].
Secondary Era, [324].
Serapis, Temple of, [187].
Silurian Period, [324].
volcanic rocks of, [272].
Shearing of rocks in mountains, [316].
Skaptar Jökull, lava-flow from, [255], [260].
Smith, William, [323].
Snake River Plain, [258].
Snow, lambent glow of, [77].
Snowdon, volcanic rocks of, [272]. denudation of, [239].
Spectre of the Brocken, the, [78].
Stability of the earth, [174], [314].
Stanley, Dean, on capture of Canaan, [32].
Stone Age, [31].
Storms on mountains, [81].
Stratified rocks, table of, [324].
how formed, [148], [176].
Striæ, glacial, [227].
Submerged forests, [192].
Suilven Mountain, [297].
Sunsets, [71].
Sutherland, West, mountains of, [296].
Taurentum, destroyed by downfall of rocks, [97].
Thames, solid matter transported by, [168].
Thunder-storms, in Alps, [86].
Tomboro, eruption at, [260].
"Tors," [292].
Tourmente, the, [83].
Transportation by rivers, [161], [166]-[169].
by glaciers, [224].
Triassic Period, [324].
Types of plants and animals at different periods, [106].
Upheaval theory of mountains, [247].
Uses of mountains, [33].
"Valleys, how carved out, [214]-[230].
Vesuvius, history of, [250].
Vines, the region of, in Alps, [109].
Volcanoes, number of active, [242].
old ideas about, [244].
structure of, described, [244].
volcanic rocks of Great Britain, [271].
Vulture, the bearded, [134].
Wall of Antoninus, [185].
Waterfalls, origin of, [218].
Water-vapour, in air, [34].
condensation of, by mountains, [34].
Waves of population, [30].
Weald, the denudation of, [235]-[239].
structure of, [303].
Werner, [158].
Wild-cat, in Alps, [128].
Wolf, the, in Alps, [126].
Zones of climate on the earth, [63].