INDEX
- Abd Allah ibn al-Baythar (d. 1248), [16]
- Abd ur-Razzak on Bijanagar (1441), [115]
- Accent de Sincérité, [126]
- Africanus, Sextus Julius, [40]
- Agniastra, [105]
- Al-Bunduqani, meaning of, [91]
- Alor, taking of (A.D. 712), [91]
- Amiot, Father, on Chinese powder, [128]
- Ammianus Marcellinus on fire-arrows, [30]
- Anagram, Friar Bacon’s, suggested solution of, [157]
- Anna Comnena, Princess, on crossbows, [48]
- —— on sea-fire, [44]
- —— on siphons, [43]
- Antiquity, Chinese veneration for, [125]
- ’Arába (Persian), its double meaning, [114]
- “Arabian Nights,” mention of astrolabe in, [78]
- —— mention of qaus bunduq in, [93]-4
- Arabic language, general ignorance of, in Middle Ages, [82]
- —— words in Liber Ignium, [77]
- Arangal, siege of (1309), [119]
- Arderne’s recipe for powder (cir. 1350), [177]
- Arquebuse, original meaning of the word, [92]
- Arrows for muskets (1588), [200]
- Artillery, original meaning of the word, [7]
- Assos, flower of the stone of, [17], [151]
- Assyrians, early use of incendiaries by the, [29]
- Astrolabe = Asturlab = Usturlab, origin of, [78]
- Astronomy, Chinese, [113], [126]
- Babar’s projectiles, size and price of, [122]
- Bacon’s (Friar) charcoal, [149]
- —— mode of refining saltpetre, [25], [151]
- —— recipe for gunpowder, [157]
- Baghdad, siege of (A.D. 813), [96]
- Baldwin I. on Byzantine defences, [84]
- Balls, hot clay, British and Arabic, [90], [217]
- Barbour’s “Bruce,” mention of incendiaries in, [50]
- Barúd (Arabic), successive meanings of, [6]
- Baza, siege of (1325), [100]
- Bengali gunners, Babar on, [121]
- Benjamin of Tudela on Byzantines, twelfth century, [53]
- Bergen op Zoom, siege of (1588), [226]
- Beringuccio on iron round shot, [201]
- Berwick, Greek fire at (1319), [50]
- Bijanagur, alleged use of cannon at (1368), [113]
- Bilqan, siege of (1256), [203]
- Bitar taken by a single rocket (1657), [172]
- Bokhara, siege of (1067), [96]
- Bombshells originally oblong, [238]
- Bourne’s “box” for testing powder (1578), [192]
- Bows, cross-, [48]
- —— slur-, [168]
- —— stone-, [93]
- Boxer’s (General E. M.) wooden time-fuze (1849), [243]
- “Brazen Head,” legend of Bacon’s, [161]
- Breteuil, Greek fire at (1356), [51]
- Bristol, fire-pikes at siege of, (1643), [169]
- Bronze, Egyptian, 1750 B.C., analysis of, [203]
- —— price of, at various times, [204]
- Bullets, hot, for small arms, [202]
- Bunduq (Arabic),successive meanings of, [6]
- Calthrops = crowsfeet, [170]
- Cannon, invention of, ascribed to the Germans, [54]
- Cap, percussion, invention of (1818), [245]
- Carcasses, invention of (1672), [224]
- Carriages, gun-, field-, introduction of (1461-83), [114]
- Cartridge-cases, Artillery, flannel (1770-80), [230]
- Cartridges, Infantry, early composite (1590), [179]
- Case, early use of, [208]
- —— Zimmermann’s, [212]-13
- Casiri’s translations, [99]
- Caxton on price of naphtha (1480), [187]
- Chalcocondyles on early cannon, [54]
- Charcoal, hazel and willow wood for, [62], [137], [149]
- Charleston, siege of, 1863, incendiaries at, [49]
- Chen-tien-lui, Chinese projectile, [130], [138]
- China, early communication of, with the west, [136]
- Chinese historical works, [124], [126]
- —— snow, [17]
- Chronoscope, Wheatstone’s electro-magnetic (1840), [194]
- Combustion, progressive, [3]
- Compass, Mariner’s, [112]
- Comte, A., on the invention of powder, [111]
- Concussion fuze, invention of English (1850), [245]
- Conde’s metaphor, trueno con fuego, [101]
- Congreve, on his rockets, [175]
- Constantine VII., on sea-fire, [34], [46]
- Copredy Bridge, action at (1644), [208]
- Corning (graining) powder, first mention of (1429), [182]
- Cracker of Marcus Græcus, [87]
- —— of Friar Bacon, [87], [159]
- Creed, Apostles’, used to measure time, [239]
- Cressy, English guns at, [7]
- Crusades, no explosive used during the, [97]
- Crusoe’s (Robinson) wildfire, [52]
- Cunningham, General, on decay of Indian temples, [111]
- Cuprum (copper), origin of word, [80]
- Dahir, King of Alor (712), [91]
- Darts for cannon, [199]
- Delium, siege of (424 B.C.), [31]
- Dickson, General Sir A., on port-fires, [230]
- Discoveries, accidental, [162]
- Douglas, Captain Sir C., R.N., inventions of, [230]
- Drake, Sir Francis, demands arrows for muskets (1588), [200]
- Dunnett, Sergeant D., rockets at Waterloo under, [176]
- Dunois’ capture of Pont Audemer (1449), [173]
- Dutens on Marcus Græcus, [84]
- Encyclopædias, Chinese, [124]
- Espingarda, meaning of, [117]
- Europeans in China in early times, [135]
- —— in India in early times, [114], [121]
- Existence, the struggle for, [108]
- Explosion, meaning of, [3]
- Famagusta, Greek fire at (1571), [51]
- Feringiha, meaning of, [121]
- Firdusi, mention of incendiaries by, [96]
- Fire-arrows, defects of, [30]
- —— early use of, by Greeks (429 B.C.), [29]
- —— early use of, in Greece (480 B.C.), [55]
- Fire-ships, early use of (413 B.C.), [31]
- Firework, an Arabic and English, [247]
- —— soft or slow, as time-fuze, [233]
- Flexible instruments, Byzantine, meaning of, [48]
- Flint and steel as percussion fuze (1596), [244]
- Forsyth, Rev. A., applies fulminates to priming (1807), [245]
- Fother, an ancient English weight, [203]
- Fouling of serpentine powder, [179]
- Franks, Portuguese guns called, by Chinese (1520), [139]
- Freeburn, Quartermaster, R.A., invents concussion fuze (1846), [245]
- Friction tube invented by Mr. Tozer (1851), [231]
- Fulminates, first use of, in priming (1807), [245]
- Furtenbach’s instrument for testing powder (1627), [193]
- Fuze, concussion, first English (1846), [245]
- —— hand (1651), [236]
- —— percussion, earliest proposal of (1596), [244]
- —— —— first English (1850), [245]
- —— time, Boxer’s wooden (1849), [243]
- —— —— calculated, the phrase (1779), [210]
- —— —— early Arabic, [231]
- —— —— early Danish, [237]
- —— —— early English (1543), [235]
- —— —— proposed adjustment of (1596), [239]
- —— —— length of early, constant, [237]
- —— —— nineteen in English service (1850), [242]
- —— —— short, difficulties with, [241]
- —— —— short, Shrapnel’s mode of cutting, [242]
- —— —— Shrapnel’s, rendered useless by damp (1807), [213]
- —— —— Ufano’s experiments with (cir. 1600-13), [236]
- Gama, Vasco da, in Calicut (1498), [117]
- Gauttier on al-Bunduqani, [92]
- Geber. See Jabir
- Gentoo Laws, code of, [105]
- Gibbon on firearms in China, [140]
- —— on gunpowder, [111]
- —— on Jesuits in China, [126]
- Gibraltar, hot shot at siege of (1779-83), [217]
- —— shell-fire from guns at, [209]
- Glazing gunpowder, mentioned in 1684, [182]
- Golail, a two-stringed long-bow, [93]
- Gold, alchemical preparation of, resembled that of saltpetre, [153]
- “Golden Garlands,” an Arabic firework, [247]
- Grain, influence of size of, of gunpowder, [195]
- Gram, the sword of Sigurd, [105]
- Greek fire, a Crusader’s term, [49], [76]
- —— —— composition of, [31]
- Greenhill, Professor, on stability of projectiles, [215]
- Grenados, spherical shell, [238]
- Guisarme, meaning of, [117]
- Gun, or gonne, triple use of, [7]
- —— pressure on bore of, with different projectiles, [206]
- —— nature of earliest missiles for, [199]
- —— flint-lock for, invention of (1778), [230]
- Gun-carriages, field, introduced (1461-83), [114]
- Gun-metal, composition of, [203]-4
- —— price of, [204]
- Gunpowder, Arderne’s recipe for (cir. 1350), [177]
- —— Friar Bacon’s recipe for (cir. 1248), [157], [177]
- —— Chinese, badly made, [134]
- —— composition of, at various times, [197]-98
- —— compressed, [222]
- —— corned (grained), advantages of, [182]
- —— —— too strong for guns at first, [183]
- —— damage to, by damp, [180]
- —— definition of, adopted here, [3]
- —— effects of invention of, [111]
- —— fouling of serpentine (ungrained), [179]
- —— French adopt one kind for all arms, [194]
- —— ingredients of, carried separately at first, [181]
- —— invention of (cir. 1248), [162]
- —— Louis XIV.’s Ordonnances about, [193]
- —— price of English, at various times, [184]
- —— ramming-home serpentine, [181]
- —— silent, [197]
- —— smokeless, [196]
- —— sulphurless, [196]
- —— tests of, [192]-94
- Gunstone-maker’s wages in the sixteenth century, [205]
- Halhed on early Indian firearms, [105]
- Hälle on time-fuzes and percussion shell (1596), [239], [244]
- Harquebuss, see Arquebuse
- Hassan er-Rammah (d. 1295), [17]
- Havre, experiments with naphtha at (1758), [49]
- Hawker, Colonel P., invents percussion cap (1818), [245]
- Heraclea, siege of (805), [91]
- History, Chinese, the Jesuits on, [126]
- Homer, no mention of incendiaries in, [29]
- Hookah (Persian) = grenade or fire-pot, [94], [117]
- Huo-p’áu (Chinese), meanings of, [6]
- Igor, Russian Admiral, defeated by Greeks (941), [34]
- Ikreekh (Arabic), for igniting shell, [231]
- Incendiary, earliest, consisted of sulphur and pitch, [30]
- —— meaning of word, here, [3]
- Index, chemical, to Marcus’ Liber Ignium, [68]
- Iron, price of, at various times, [204]
- Jabir, the true and the false, [14]
- Jesuits superintend gun-casting at Peking (1618), [140]
- Jodhaimah possesses first Arabic machines, [90]
- Joinville on Arabic incendiaries, [4], [98], [102]
- Ka’aba, burning of the (683), [90]
- Kallinikos, the inventor of sea-fire (670-80), [33]
- Kallisthenes in Babylon (331 B.C.), [80]
- Khalid, Prince, the first Arab writer on incendiaries (d. 708), [72]
- Khubelai Khan sends for western gunners (1270), [133]
- Lateran Council, decree of, against incendiaries (1139), [88]
- Lead, price of, at various times, [204]
- Leipsig, battle of (1813), English rockets at, [176]
- Leo VI. on sea-fire, [46]
- Leo’s metaphor, thunder and smoke, [38]
- Liber Ignium of Marcus Græcus, a composite work, [83]
- “Light of the Moon,” Arabic fixed light, [246]
- Louis XIV., Ordonnances of, about powder, [193]
- Lys, Passage of (1382), hand-grenades at, [169]
- Machine, meaning of, here, [3]
- Maghribiha, meaning of, [119]
- Mahmoud Shah Begurra of Gujarat (1482), [116]
- Mangonals in China, [133]
- Manjánik (Arabic) = machines, [90]
- Manu’s “Code of Laws,” [106]
- Marcus Græcus, a mere name, [86]
- Marsh’s percussion tube (1831), [231]
- Masawyah (Mesué), Arab physician, [84]
- Masudi on autumnal rains, [77]
- ——- on qaus al-bunduq, [92]
- Match, time-fuze called so by Stow, [235]
- Mecca, siege of (A.D. 638), [90]
- Mercier, Captain, 39th Regiment, proposes shell-fire from guns (1779), [209]
- Mercury, fulminate of, first used in priming (1807), [245]
- Metaphors, difficulties created by, [4], [101]
- Meyer, Hauptmann, on Shrapnel shell, [214]
- Mieth on early percussion shell, [244]
- Mills, powder, [187]
- Mithkal (or Miskal), a Persian weight, [122]
- Modhaffer Shah of Gujarat (1511), [118]
- Money, English and French, in fourteenth century, [186]
- Mons Meg, materials for repairing, [139]
- Moorsom’s (Commander, R.N.) percussion fuze (1850), [245]
- Mortar éprouvette, [193]
- Moyria de Maillac, Father, on Chinese historians, [126]
- Naphtha, Plutarch on, [39]
- Nassau, Graf. Johann von, proposes a percussion shell (1610), [244]
- Navez’s (Captain) electro-ballistic pendulum, [195]
- Niébla, siege of (1257), [101]
- “Nitiprakásika” on arms and armies, [107]
- Norton, time-fuzes called “pypes” by (1628), [237]
- Nye proposes mortar éprouvette (1647), [193]
- Oppert, Professor, on early Hindu gunpowder, &c., [107]
- Orgue, meaning of, [207]
- Paris, use of incendiaries in (1870), [49]
- Pellet, for bullet, [183]
- Pendulum, ballistic, of Robins, [194]
- —— electro—ballistic, of Navez, [195]
- —— for timing fuzes, [240]
- Percussion powder, earliest, [245]
- Persia, late in adopting firearms, [116]
- Peshawur, battle near (1008), [94]
- Petroleum mentioned in Anglo-Saxon work (cir. A.D. 900), [82]
- “Piber til Granater,” early Danish time-fuzes, [237]
- Pien-king, siege of (1232), [130]
- Pikes, fire, at the siege of Bristol (1643), [169]
- Placentia, attack on (A.D. 69), [217]
- Platæa, siege of (429 B.C.), [29]
- Pont Audemer, taking of (1449), [173]
- Porcelain, dates of, forged by Chinese, [125]
- Portfires (cir. 1700), [229]
- Pressure on bore, comparative, with different projectiles, [206]
- —— gauge, Rodman’s, [195]
- Printing press, invention of, [113]
- Projectiles for cannon, nature of earliest, [199]
- Pype, early time-fuze called a, [237]
- Quicklime, Pliny on, [39]
- Rain, autumnal, in Liber Ignium, [77]
- Ramming home serpentine powder, on, [181]
- Rantambhor, attacks on (1290 and 1300), [119]
- Rāy, Professor, on the Sukraniti, [110]
- Ribaudequin, [207]
- “Richard Cœr-de-Lion,” metrical romance (1272-1307), [50]
- Robins’ ballistic pendulum, [194]
- Rockets at Leipsig (1813), [176]
- —— Chinese, [135]
- —— Marcus Græcus’ (rec. 13, 32, 33), [62], [67]
- —— Tipu Sultan’s, [174]
- Rodman’s pressure gauge, [195]
- Roman candles, Chinese, [132]
- —— Marcus Græcus’ (rec. 12), [61]
- Romerentin, Greek fire at (1356), [51]
- Rose (Arabic), for igniting shell, [231]
- Round, one, comparative cost of, with different balls (cir. 1375), [205]
- Sal coctus, [13]
- —— Indicus, [15]
- Salonika, siege of (904), [40]
- Saltpetre, approximate date of discovery of, [28]
- —— Indian, price of (1580), [187]
- —— modes of refining:—
- Sauverchala (Sanskrit), meaning of, [16]
- Sea-fire, composition of, [41]
- —— unknown to Westerns, [41], [84]
- Seringapatam, rockets at (1792, 1799), [174]
- Shahnama, mention of incendiaries in, [96]
- Shatagni (Sanskrit), meaning of, [105]
- Shell, common, first use of, [227]
- —— —— number of pieces into which it broke, [210]
- Shell-fire from guns (1779), [208]
- Shot (cannon), hot (1579), [217]
- Shrapnel’s fuzes indifferent, [213]-14, [242]
- —— mode of cutting short fuzes, [242]
- Shrapnel shell, experiments with (1819), [242]
- —— principles of, [211], [213]
- Siang-yang-fu, siege of (1269-73), [133]
- Sieves for coming powder, [190]
- Silver, fulminate of, [245]
- Sincérité, Accent de, [126]
- Siphon (Greek), meaning of, [46]
- —— two kinds of, [43]
- Slur-bow, [168]
- Smith, Captain G., R.A., on shell fire, [241]
- Sora (Indian colloquial), meaning of, [16]
- Spanish words, &c., in Liber Ignium, [81]
- Spell, Indian, to ensure victory, [107]
- Steganogram, Friar Bacon’s, suggested solution of, [151]
- Stirling, siege of (1304), Greek fire at, [50]
- Stone, best, for round shot, [205]
- Stone-bow, a golail, [93]
- “Stone which is not a stone,” [151]
- Stow on shell (1543), [225]
- Strada, Father, on bombshells, [226]
- Struphnos, Admiral, sale of naval stores by (1200), [53]
- “Sukraniti,” recipe for powder in the, [109]
- Sulphurs, several (so-called), in early times, [80]
- Talwood, [179]
- Tampions for musket-arrows (1588), [200]
- Tayif, siege of (A.D. 630), [90]
- Tea in China and Europe, [113]
- Tell, William, legend of, [127]
- Temples, Indian, causes of decay of, [112]
- Testing powder. See Gunpowder
- Theophanes on invention of sea-fire, [33]
- Toll, Hauptmann, on Shrapnel shell, [212]
- Tourbillion, a firework, [247]
- Tozer’s friction-tube (1853), [231]
- Train of powder to fire early guns, [228]
- Translations, specimens of, [9]
- Trombes, or tronckes, [51]
- Tubes, friction (1853), [231]
- —— percussion (1831), [231]
- —— quill, for navy (cir. 1778), [230]
- Tung-kian-kang-mu, Chinese Encyclopædia, [130]-31
- Uddevalla, battle of (1677), [229]
- Ufano’s experiments with fuzes (cir. 1600), [236]
- Valturio’s bronze shell (1463), [138], [221]
- Wachtendonck, siege of (1588), [227]
- Watches invented (1674), [239]
- Weissenburg, siege of (1469), [220]
- Wheatstone’s electro-magnetic chronoscope, [194]
- Whitehorne on silent powder, [197]
- —— on serpentine and corned powder, [183]
- Wildfire, history of the word, [51]
- Words, changes in the meaning of, [6]
- Wright, Mr. Thomas, on mariner’s compass, [112]
- Xerxes’ fire-archers, [55]
- Yavakshara (Sanskrit), meaning of, [16]
- Yo (Chinese), successive meanings of, [6]
- Yung Loh, Chinese Emperor (1403),[133]-34
- Yusuf ibn Ismaël al-Juni on saltpetre (1311), [103]
- Zarb-zan = swivel gun, Babar’s, [121]
- Zembaq (Arabic), doubtful meaning of, [81]
- Zimmermann’s projectile (1573), [212]-13
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