INDEX
Aconcagua, Mt., [280]-[282], [283]-[284], [366].
Agassiz, Louis, exploration of Amazon by, [139]-[140].
Agriculture, in Brazil, [136];
in Uruguay, [235];
Alcantara, Francisco, [42], [84].
Almagro, Diego de, [38], [41], [42], [43], [68], [75]-[76];
leads expedition into Chile, [76];
disappointed and repulsed in Chile, returns to Peru and wars against the Pizarro brothers, [79]-[81];
death of, [81];
followers of, assassinate Pizarro, [83]-[85].
Alpaca, the, in Peru, [47];
in Argentina, [216].
Altar, El, volcano, Ecuador, [367].
Alvarado, Alonso de, [82].
Alvarado, Pedro de, [75]-[76].
Amambay Mountains, [241].
Amazon River, discovery of, [81];
description of, [137] ff.;
sources of, in Peruvian Andes, [322].
Andes Mountains, nature of, in Chile, [277]-[288];
railway through the, [280];
in Peru, [321];
Animals of Amazon country, [141].
Antofagasta, city of, [292], [293]-[295].
Antofagasta, Province of, [287], [290].
Antofagasta-La Paz railway, [261].
Araucana of Ercilla, [102]-[103].
Araucanian Indians, [101] ff.;
wars of the Spanish with, [102]-[103];
customs, religion, and dress, [104]-[105];
Valdivia’s war with, [106]-[109];
treaties between Spanish and, [110]-[111].
Architecture, styles of, in South American cities, [232]-[233].
Arequipa, city of, [82], [332]-[333];
Harvard Observatory at, [333]-[334].
Argentina, Spanish conquest of northern areas of, [112]-[113];
area and coast-line, [190];
natural resources, [191]-[192];
population, [193];
volume of trade with Europe as compared with that with United States, [194];
division into Buenos Aires and “the Camp,” [194]-[195];
political history, [195]-[197];
rapid advance of, since [186]2, [197]-[198];
railways, immigration, and education in, [198];
conditions of life in Buenos Aires, [198]-[213];
“the Camp,” [214] ff.;
cattle, horses, sheep, goats, etc., of, [216]-[217];
gradual introduction of small landholders into, [219];
territory known as Patagonia, [223]-[225];
Tierra del Fuego, [225];
tropical wilds of the north, [226]-[227].
Asphalt deposits, [415], [419].
Asses, in Argentina, [216].
Asunción, Paraguay, [241];
population and character, [245]-[246], [251]-[252].
Atacama, Province of, [277], [287].
Atacames, Ecuador, [358].
Atahualpa, defeat of Huascar by and accession to Inca throne, [59]-[61];
made a prisoner by Pizarro, [61]-[65];
ransom paid by, [66];
Pizarro’s treachery toward and murder of, [66]-[68].
Atrato River, [376].
Aucasquilucha, Mt., [278].
Ayacucho, battle of, [132].
Aymara Indians, [48].
Bahia, State of, black diamonds in, [189].
Bahia Blanca, city of, [195].
Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, [22]-[25], [35], [36].
Balsa rafts, Guayaquil, [363].
Balsas, reed boats on Lake Titicaca, [57].
Banana trees, Ecuador, [364].
Barranquilla, [391], [392], [396]-[397].
Barrett, John, Independent article by, quoted, [315];
on Colombia’s commercial possibilities, [397].
Belém, city of, [137], [139], [146]-[153].
Belgrano, Manuel, [123].
Belgrano, suburb of Buenos Aires, [202].
Bello Horizonte, city of, [186]-[187].
Benalcázar, Sebastian de, [76], [92], [95], [96], [370].
Bermudez, asphalt lake of, [419].
Bio-bio River, [101], [102], [105], [106], [108], [111].
Bitumen from Venezuela, [419].
Black diamonds, [189].
Blanco, Guzmán, [422].
Blancos, Uruguayan political faction, [238].
Boers in Patagonia, [225].
Bogotá, [95], [383], [384], [385]-[389].
San Martín’s retirement in favor of, [129]-[130];
Bolivia named for, [259];
period of residence in Bogotá, [387]-[388];
tomb of, Caracas, [412];
relics of, at Caracas, [412]-[413].
Bolivia, Pizarro’s expedition into, [82];
people, [259];
area and climate, [259]-[260];
agricultural productions, [262]-[264];
cities and ruins in, [266]-[274].
Bolognesi, Colonel, [328].
Bomfim, Senhor, quoted, [175].
Botanical garden, at Belém, [150];
at Rio de Janeiro, [168]-[169].
Boyacá, battle of, [131].
Brandão, Frei Caetano, statue of, Belém, [150]-[151].
Brazil, discovery of, [18];
exploration of, by Vespucci, [18]-[19];
secures independence, [133];
area and population of present republic, [134]-[135];
international commerce, [135]-[136];
the Amazon country, [137]-[153];
British, capital of, invested in Argentine railways, [197]-[198];
residing in Buenos Aires, [203];
club life of, Buenos Aires, [207]-[208];
investments of, in Argentine land, [219];
in Patagonia, [224];
as investors in Montevideo, [231].
British Guiana, [426], [427]-[428].
Bucarmanga, Colombia, [397].
Buenaventura, Colombia, [397].
Buenos Aires, first settlement on site of, [113];
pride of citizens of, in their city, [194]-[195];
in character similar to Chicago, [198]-[199];
impressive dock system of, [199]-[200];
the æsthetic side of, [201]-[202];
influence of Paris on the culture, dress, and customs of, [202]-[203];
foreign colonies in, [203];
patriotism of citizens of, [203]-[204];
places of amusement, opera, cafés, etc., of, [205]-[206];
contrasts of prodigality and destitution in, [211];
narrowness of streets, [212]-[213];
expense of living in, [213];
a well-appointed city in all respects, [213]-[214].
Buenos Aires, Province of, [197].
Buenos Aires, University of, [198].
Buenos Aires, Viceroyalty of, [116].
Bull, papal, dividing New World between Spain and Portugal, [14], [17].
Caaguazú Mountains, [241].
Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, [18].
Cacao trees, Ecuador, [356]-[357].
at Rio de Janeiro, [171];
Callao, description of, [318]-[319].
Caquetá River, [376].
Carabobo, State of, [406].
Caracas, Venezuela, [409]-[414].
Carriage parade, Buenos Aires, [210].
Cartagena, Colombia, [90], [392]-[396].
Cartier, Jacques, [22].
Casapalca, town of, [331].
Casas, Bartolomé de las, [86], [402]-[403].
Castro, Cipriano, [421], [422]-[423].
Cattle-raising, in Rio Grande do Sul, [186];
in Uruguay, [235].
Cauchi tribe of Indians, [47].
Caupolican, Araucanian chief, [102]-[103], [106], [107], [108].
Cayenne, Island of, [428].
Cedar from Colombia, [380].
Century plant in Ecuador, [354].
Chacabuco, battle of, [125], [279].
Chachacomani, Mt., [258].
Chaco region, [218], [226], [240].
Charrúa Indians, [237].
Chaves, Francisco, [84].
Chicago, comparison of Buenos Aires and, [199], [201]-[202].
Chile, Almagro leads a force into, [76];
Valdivia undertakes conquest of, [82];
Spanish wars in attempts to conquer native tribes of, [97]-[112];
War of Independence in, [124]-[126];
proclamation of independence of, [126];
the matter of a name for, [275]-[276];
shape, location, and area, [276]-[277];
commerce, [277];
mountains, passes, and other surface features, [278]-[288];
nitrate of soda deposits, [288]-[292];
war between Peru and, [297];
islands of southern, [307] ff.;
mountain ranges along Strait of Magellan, [310]-[313].
Chiloé, Island of, [286], [307].
Chiloé, Province of, [286].
Chincona trees, [263].
Chonos Archipelago, [307].
Christ of the Andes, the, [222]-[223].
Chubut, Territory of, [224].
Church, F. E., “Heart of the Andes,” by, [365].
Cigars, Brazilian, [159].
Cipango, island of (Japan), [9], [14].
Club life in Buenos Aires, [207]-[210].
Coast Range, Brazilian, [163]-[164].
Coati, island of, [57], [336].
Coca, [357].
Coca leaf, chewing of the, [262]-[263].
Cochabamba, [261].
Cochrane, Lord, [127].
Coelho, Duarte, [34].
Coffee, production of, in Brazil, [136];
in State of São Paulo, [176];
exportation of, from Santos, [182]-[183];
beginnings and increase in growth of, in Brazil, [183]-[184];
description of plantations, [184]-[185];
production of, in Colombia, [380];
in Venezuela, [401];
Maracaibo coffee, [404].
Colleges, at São Paulo, [179].
Colocolo, Araucanian chief, [106].
Colombia, early exploration of, [90]-[97];
formation of Republic of, [131];
location and area, [375];
mountains and river systems, [375]-[376];
agricultural products, [379]-[380];
range in climate, [380]-[381];
mountain scenery, [382]-[384];
trip down the Magdalena River, [389]-[392];
cities and seaports, [392]-[396];
commercial possibilities of, [397]-[399].
Colonial system, Spanish, in South America, [113]-[120].
Colón Opera House, Buenos Aires, [206]-[207].
Colorados, Uruguayan political faction, [238].
Columbus, Bartholomew, [7], [10], [15].
Columbus, Christopher, [7]-[11];
personal appearance, [11];
historic voyage of, [11]-[13];
later voyages and death, [16]-[17].
Columbus, Diego, [15].
Coluna, Mt., [405].
Commerce, of Argentina, [191]-[192];
of Uruguay, [235];
of Chile, [277];
possibilities for, in Colombia, [397]-[399];
of Venezuela, [419];
Compilation of Laws of the Kingdoms of the Indies, code known as, [113], [114].
Concepción, Chile, [105], [287].
Concha, Mt., [405].
Conway, Sir Martin, quoted, [280]-[282], [311]-[313].
Copper, in Bolivia, [266]. See Mineral resources.
Coquimbo, Chile, [100], [101].
Coquimbo, Province of, [287].
Córdoba, city of, [195].
Córdoba, University of, [198].
Corrientes, [245].
Cortés, Hernando, [30]-[31], [81].
Cosmas, Egyptian monk, [2]-[3].
Cotopaxi, Mt., [367].
Council of the Indies, [35], [117].
Cucutá, battle of, [131].
Cumaná, Venezuela, [402].
Curaçao, Island of, [406].
Curtis, W. E., quoted, [164]-[165], [301].
Cuzco, founding of, in [12]th century, [48];
appearance of, at time of the Incas, [52];
Pizarro’s march on and occupation of, [68]-[70];
description of, [342]-[344], [349]-[351];
Darwin, Mt., [311].
D’Aubigny, quoted, [262].
Davila, Pedrarias, [36].
Dawson, T. C., quoted, [6], [23], [37], [41], [83]-[85], [88]-[89], [100]-[101], [111], [158]-[159], [246]-[249], [250]-[251].
Desiderato, Cape, [28].
Desolation Island, [310].
De Soto, Hernando, [43]-[44], [68].
Devil’s Island, French Guiana, [428].
Diamantina, town of, [189].
Diamonds, Brazilian, [189];
black, mined in State of Bahia, [189].
Dias, Arthur, quoted, [140].
Dias, Bartholomew, [7].
Docks, of Buenos Aires, [199]-[200];
of Montevideo, [229].
Dutch Guiana, [426]-[427], [428].
Earthquake, of [185]9 in Ecuador, [368];
Earthquakes, in Venezuela, [413].
Ecuador, invasion of, by a lieutenant of Pizarro’s, [76];
area, population, and political divisions, [352];
plants, shrubs, and trees, [354]-[358];
voyage along coast of, [360]-[361];
Eden, Richard, [27].
Education, in Brazil, [178]-[180];
in Argentina, [198].
El Dorado, legend of, [91]-[96], [425].
Emeralds of Colombia, [35], [377]-[379].
Encomiendas, system of, [86], [87].
England, commerce between Brazil and, [136];
capital from, invested in Argentine railways, [197]-[198].
English, in Valparaiso, [297]. See British.
Episcopal seminary, São Paulo, [179].
Ercilla, Alonso de, [102]-[103].
Esmeraldas, Province of, [358].
Estates or ranches of Argentina, [214]-[219].
Eucalyptus trees, Montevideo, [232].
Exposition of [191]0 at Buenos Aires, [198].
Federmann, Nicolaus, [95], [96].
Fiske, John, quoted, [15], [17], [80]-[81].
Forests, of Brazil, [136];
of Paraguay, [241];
of southern Chile, [286]-[287], [308]-[310];
of Ecuador, [356], [363]-[364].
Formosa, territory of, in Argentina, [226].
Fortaleza, city of, [154].
Fletcher, James C., quoted, [161]-[162].
Francia, José Rodríguez Gaspar, [246]-[249].
Fray Bentos, Liebig Company plant at, [235]-[236].
French, in Buenos Aires, [203];
Froward, Cape, [311].
Fruit-raising at Mendoza, [221].
Fuegian Archipelago, [225]-[226].
Funza River, [385].
Gallo, Island of, [39].
Gama, Vasco da, [7], [16]-[17].
Garcilaso, de la Vega. See Vega.
Gasca, Pedro de la, [89]-[90].
Gaucho, Argentine cowboy, [217]-[218].
Georgetown, British Guiana, [427].
Germans, steamships of, at Buenos Aires, [200];
resident at Buenos Aires, [203];
investments of, in Argentine land, [219];
in Patagonia, [224];
in Valparaiso, [297].
Gilded Man, legend of the, [91], [425].
Goats, in Argentina, [216];
in Uruguay, [235].
Gold, of the Incas, [54], [58], [73]-[74];
mining of, in State of Minas Geraes, [187]-[189];
in Venezuela, [419];
in the Guianas, [425].
See also Mineral resources.
Gomara, Francisco Lopez de, quoted, [54].
Grains, production of, in Argentina, [192].
Gran Chaco, [218], [226], [240].
Great Western Railroad, Argentina, [220].
Guallatiri, Mt., [257].
Guano deposits, Peru, [321].
Guarany Indians, [242].
Guatavita, Lake, [425].
Guayaquil, founding of, [76];
manufacture of Panamá hats at, [359]-[360];
description of city, [360]-[363].
Guayas River, [76], [353], [361].
Guayra, cataract of, [244]-[245].
Guiana Highlands, [417]-[418].
Guianas, location and topography, [424];
discovery, naming, and occupation by the Spanish, [424]-[425];
Dutch, English, and other nations in, [426]-[427];
area, population, and productions, [427]-[428].
Hancock, A. U., “History of Chile” by, cited, [103].
Harvard Observatory, Arequipa, [333]-[334].
Hawthorne, Julian, quoted, [5], [13]-[14], [22], [27]-[28], [46]-[49], [68], [80]-[81], [89]-[90], [93], [104]-[105], [106]-[109], [110]-[111], [112].
Helps, Sir Arthur, quoted, [81].
Heredia, Pedro de, [90], [91], [392].
Herndon, W. H., exploration of Amazon by, [139], [140], [141], [144]-[145].
Herveo, Mesa de, [385], [391].
Holmes, Burton, quoted, [161], [172]-[173], [283]-[284].
Honda, Colombia, [390].
Hope emerald, the, [379].
Horse-raising, in Argentina, [191], [216];
in Uruguay, [235].
Hospitals, Buenos Aires, [213].
Houses, in Santiago, [305]-[306];
of Quito, [373].
Huallaga River, [322].
Huarina, battle of, [89].
Huascar, Inca sovereign, [59]-[61], [65].
Huatanay River, [343].
Humboldt, Baron von, exploration of Amazon by, [138];
house occupied by, in Bogotá, [389].
Iguazú Falls, [227].
Illampú, Mt., [258].
Illimani, Mt., [258].
Immigration, to Argentina, [198].
Imperial, Chile, [105].
Inca’s Head, the, [368].
Incas, extent of empire, [44];
question of origin, [44]-[49];
lack of written records among, [46];
peoples who antedated, [46]-[47];
history of, previous to conquest by Spanish, [47]-[49];
highways of the, [49];
worship of sun and moon by, [50], [57]-[58], [335];
marriage of sovereigns, [50];
trade carried on by water only, [51];
irrigation of land practiced under the, [51];
common ownership of land, [51]-[52];
temple and palaces of, at Cuzco, [52]-[54];
different type of people from Peruvian Indians of to-day, [55]-[56];
birthplace and legend of birth, [335]-[336].
Indians, of northern Argentina, [226];
in El Chaco, [240];
work of Jesuits among Paraguayan, [242]-[245];
natives of Tierra del Fuego, [285]-[286].
Iquima, Mt., [278].
Iquique, city of, [294].
Irrigation, practiced by Incas, [51];
possibilities of, in Peru, [321].
Islands of southern Chile, [307]-[308].
Italians, as laborers in State of São Paulo, [184];
resident in Buenos Aires, [203];
in Montevideo, [231];
in Valparaiso, [297].
Jamacchppeke plant, [263].
Jamaica, discovery of, [16].
Jaques, Christovão, [32].
Jesuit missions in the Parana basin, [242]-[245].
Jews, in Patagonia, [225].
Jockey Club, Buenos Aires, [208]-[210].
Juliaca, town of, [334].
Junín, battle of, [132].
Jurujuba Bay, [163].
Karkaake, Mt., [258].
Koati, Island of, [57], [336].
Koebel, W. H., “Modern Argentina” by, [218].
La Condamine, explorer of Amazon, [138].
Ladrone Islands, discovery of, by Magellan, [28].
Lage, Fort, [163].
La Guayra, Venezuela, [407]-[408].
Landed estates of Spanish conquerors, [77], [82].
La Paz, naming of, [267]-[268];
altitude and location, [268];
description of, [268]-[270], [273]-[274].
La Plata, city of, [195], [197].
Lara, State of, [406].
Largo da Polvora, Belém, [151]-[152].
Las Cuevas, station of, [222].
La Serena, Chile, [287].
Lautero, Araucanian hero, [103], [107], [108];
Lenglet, Dr., quoted, [255]-[256].
Leon, Cieza de, quoted, [55].
Liebig Company’s plant, Fray Bentos, [235]-[236].
Lima, founding of, by Pizarro, [74]-[75], [324];
attracts other Spanish adventurers, [75]-[76];
description of modern, [325]-[330].
Linseed, production of, in Argentina, [191].
Llamas, in Peru, [47], [340]-[342];
in Argentina, [216].
Llanos of Venezuela, [418].
Llanquihue, Province of, [278].
Llulaillaco, Mt., [278].
Los Patos Pass, [279].
Lopez, Carlos Antonio, [249].
Lopez, Francisco, [249]-[251].
Luque, Hernando de, [38].
Macareo River, [416].
Mackenzie College, São Paulo, [179].
Magdalena River, [376];
scenery in valley of, [389]-[392].
Magellan, Ferdinand, voyage and discoveries of, [25]-[29].
Magellan, Strait of, [27]-[28], [225], [310]-[311].
Mahogany, from Colombia, [380].
Maize, production of, in Argentina, [191].
Mapocho River, [99].
Maracaibo, city of, [404]-[405].
Maracaibo, Gulf of, [404].
Maracaibo, Lake, [404];
asphalt on shores of, [419].
Maracaibo coffee, [404].
Markham, Sir Clements, quoted, [53]-[54], [55], [346]-[349].
Maypú, battle of, [126].
Mbaracayú Mountains, [241].
Medellín, Colombia, [397].
Meiggs, Henry, [331].
Meiggs, Mt., [331].
Mendoza, Pedro de, [113].
Mendoza, city of, [220]-[221].
Mendoza, Province of, [105].
Mercedario, Mt., [281].
Mérida range, Venezuela, [404], [405].
Michelena, Venezuelan artist, [413].
Minas Geraes, State of, [186]-[189].
Mineral resources, of Chile, [288];
of Peru, [315];
of Ecuador, [356];
Mining, in Brazil, [136];
in State of Minas Geraes, [187]-[189].
Miniquis, Mt., [257].
Miranda, Francisco, [130], [421].
Misiones territory of Argentina, [226], [227].
Misti, volcano, Peru, [334].
Mitré, Bartolomé, [197].
Mollendo, city of, [332].
Mompóz, Colombia, [397].
Monserrate, Mt., [385], [387].
Montaña region of Peru, [320], [321]-[322].
Monteagudo, Bernardo, [129].
Montesino, Anales del Perú by, quoted, [40].
Montevideo, [229] ff.;
comparison with Buenos Aires, [230];
material prosperity of, [230]-[231];
foreigners, theaters, and club life of, [231];
houses, gardens, and social life of, [232]-[234].
Montezuma, Señor, [31].
Moon, worship of, by Peruvian Indians, [50], [57]-[58], [335]-[336], [337].
Mosquera Rebellion, [389].
Mountain sickness, [266].
Mozans, H. J., quoted, [23]-[25], [45], [57], [70], [74]-[75], [140]-[141], [271]-[273], [333], [335]-[338], [349], [371]-[372].
Mules, in Argentina, [216];
in Uruguay, [235].
Muzo, emerald mines of, [377], [378], [379].
Nabuco, Joahim, [175].
New Granada, Viceroyalty of, [116], [384]-[385].
New Spain, Viceroyalty of, [114].
Newspapers of Buenos Aires, [204]-[205].
Nictheroy, city of, [163].
Nitrate of soda beds, Chile, [288]-[292].
Nombre de Dios, [118].
North Americans, small number of, in Buenos Aires, [203].
Obydos, city of, [146].
O’Higgins, Bernardo, [124], [125], [126], [279].
Oil, production of, in Argentina, [192].
Venezuela named by, [402].
Olinda, suburb of Recife, [158].
Opera in Buenos Aires, [206].
Orellana, Francisco de, discovers and explores the Amazon, [82], [138].
Organ Mountains, [162].
Orgoñez, Rodrigo de, [81].
Oriente River system, [353].
entrance upon, from the sea, [416]-[417].
Orton, James, quoted, [354], [369].
Ossorio, General, [124]-[125].
Pacific Ocean, Balboa’s discovery of, [22]-[25];
named by Magellan, [28].
Paillamachu, Araucanian chief, [109]-[110].
Pampas of Argentina, [214] ff.
Pamplona, Colombia, [397].
Panamá Canal, importance of, to relations between the two Americas, xv-xvii;
influence on trade between Venezuela and United States, [420].
Panamá hats, manufacture of, [359]-[360].
Pan American Bulletin, quoted, [288]-[290], [377]-[379], [419].
Pan American Union, vii-xi;
publications of, ix-x;
library of, x.
Pará (Belém), city of, [146]-[153].
Pará River, [137], [147]-[148].
Paraguay, situation and area, [239]-[240];
climate and surface features, [240]-[241];
forests, [241];
Indians and mestizos in, [242];
Jesuit missions in, [242]-[244];
character of interior, [244]-[245];
stormy political history of, [246]-[251];
great commercial possibilities of, [253].
Paraguay River, [245].
Paraguay tea, [185]-[186], [192], [253]-[256].
Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, [428].
Paraná, city of, [195].
Paraná, River, Cabot’s exploration of, [32];
picturesqueness of, [227];
Great Cataract of, [244]-[245].
Patagonia, [215], [218]-[219], [223]-[225].
Patia River, [376].
Pearl fisheries of Colombia, [35], [377].
Pedro II of Brazil, [174].
Pernambuco, city of, [154], [156]-[157].
Pernambuco, colony of, [34].
Peru, the ancient civilization of, [46]-[47] (see under Incas);
War of Independence in, [126]-[128];
war with Chile over nitrate provinces, [292];
products of, in the world’s commerce, [315]-[316];
voyage along coast of, [316]-[318];
area, surface features, and rainfall, [320]-[322];
population and its disposition, [322]-[323];
ruins of the Incas and their predecessors in, [339], [343]-[349].
Peru, Viceroyalty of, [114]-[116].
Peruvian bark, [263].
Petropolis, city of, [169]-[170].
Pezuela, Joaquín de la, [126]-[127].
Picacho, Mt., [407].
Pichincha, battle of, [131].
Pichincha, Mt., [369].
Pigs, in Argentina, [216];
in Uruguay, [235].
Pilcomayo River, [245].
Pillar, Cape, [310].
Pizarro, Francisco, early history of, [37];
first expedition of, to Peru, [38]-[42];
ennobled by the King of Spain, [42];
treacherous dealings of, with Atahualpa, [61]-[68];
murder of Atahualpa by, [68];
advances to and occupies Cuzco, [68]-[70];
takes possession of government, [72]-[73];
founds city of Lima as his capital, [74]-[75];
holds his new empire against Almagro, [80]-[81];
assassination of, by adherents of Almagro, [83]-[85];
tribute to great qualities of, [85];
relics of, in modern Lima, [327].
Pizarro, Gonzalo, [42], [78], [80], [81], [87]-[88], [90].
Pizarro, Hernando, [42], [75], [78], [80], [81].
Plata River, [26], [191], [228]-[229].
Platinum deposits, Colombia, [377].
Portezuelo de Come Caballo, [279].
Portuguese, as discoverers, [5]-[7];
lands granted to, in division of New World by papal bull, [14]-[15];
attempt to colonize Brazil, [32]-[34].
Potato, discovery of the, in Peru, [47].
Potatoes as a food among Peruvians, [342].
Potosí, silver mines of, [82], [88], [265], [266].
Prado Park, Montevideo, [231]-[232].
Precious stones, mining of, in Brazil, [189];
in Bolivia, [266];
Prensa newspaper, building of, Buenos Aires, [204]-[205].
Prescott, W. H., quoted, [40]-[41], [69], [73]-[74], [343]-[346].
Promaucian Indians, [101].
Puente del Inca, [222].
Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, [406], [414].
Puerto Colombia, [396].
Pular, Mt., [278].
Puna, island of, [43].
Punta Arenas, city of, [224], [285], [311].
Quebracho tree, the, [226]-[227].
Quesada, Gonzalo Jiminez de, [92]-[96].
Quichua Indians, [47].
Quinine, production of, [263].
Quinsay, city of (Pekin), [9], [12], [15].
Quintas, in Montevideo, [232], [233].
Quinze Puntas range, [241].
Quito, [48], [363], [369], [372]-[374].
Quizquiz, Atahualpa’s general, [67], [70].
Rada, Juan de la, [83].
Railways, Brazilian, [153]-[154];
English capital invested in Argentina, [197]-[198];
trans-Andine, [222]-[223], [280];
of Uruguay, [234];
Bolivian, [261];
of Ecuador, [363];
of Venezuela, [409].
Ramalho, João, [33].
Ranches, Argentine, [214]-[219].
Recife, city of, [153], [157]-[158].
Repartimientos of the Spanish conquerors, [82], [86].
Revolutions, outgrowing of, xiii.
Ringmann, Mathias, [21].
Riobamba, city of, [370].
Rio Branco, Baron, [174]-[175].
Rio de Janeiro, [153];
scenic wonders of bay of, [160]-[164];
description of city, [164] ff.
Rio Grande do Sul, production of yerba maté in, [185]-[186].
Rio Negro, Territory of, [224].
Rodadero River, [343].
Rojas, Diego de, [112].
Root, Elihu, quoted, [177].
Rosario, city of, [195], [226].
Rosario College, Bogotá, [389].
Rubber, production of, in Brazil, [136]-[137].
Rubber estate, description of a, [149]-[150].
Rubber trees, [143].
Ruhl, Arthur, quoted, [169], [173]-[176], [303]-[305].
Ruins, prehistoric, [46];
of Tiahuanaco, [48], [271]-[273];
about Lake Titicaca, [338]-[339];
of Sacsahuaman, [343], [346]-[349].
Sacsahuaman, ruins of, [52], [78], [343], [346]-[349].
St. Julian, harbor of, [26].
St. Louis, French Guiana, [428].
Salt mines of Colombia, [377].
Salta, battle of, [123].
San Francisco Xavier, University of, [267].
Sangai, Mt., [366].
San José, Mt., [278].
San Lazaro, Church of, in Cuzco, [350].
San Marcos, University of, [330].
San Martín, General José de, [123]-[124];
crossing of the Andes by, [125]-[126], [279];
defeats Royalist army in Chile, [126];
liberates Peru from Spanish rule, [127]-[128];
voluntary retirement of, [129]-[130];
tomb of, in Buenos Aires, [130].
San Miguel, Gulf of, [23].
San Rafael Lake, [285].
San Ruiz, Mt., [391].
San Salvador, Island of, [12].
Santa Candelaria, convent of, Cartagena, [396].
Santa Catalina, convent of, in Cuzco, [350].
Santa Cruz, Bolivia, [261].
Santa Cruz, Fort, [163].
Santa Cruz, Territory of, [224].
Santa Lucia, hill and fortress of, [99]-[100], [301].
Santa Marta, Colombia, [90].
Santarem, city of, [146].
Santiago, Chile, founding of, by Valdivia, [99]-[100];
mentioned, [287];
Santo Domingo, convent of, in Cuzco, [350].
Santos, city of, [153], [176], [181]-[182].
San Valentín, Mt., [284].
São João, Fort, [163].
São Leopoldo, city of, [186].
São Luiz de Maranhão, [154], [155].
São Paulo, city of, [176]-[181].
São Salvador da Bahia, [34], [153], [154], [159]-[160].
São Vicente, colony of, [33].
Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino, [197].
Scots, in Patagonia, [224].
Scruggs, William L., on Colombia’s commercial possibilities, [398]-[399].
Sheep-raising, Rio Grande do Sul, [186];
in Uruguay, [235].
Silla, Cordillera de la, [406].
Silver, from Mt. Potosí, [265].
See Mineral resources.
Sinu River, [380].
Slavery, reduction of Peruvian Indians to, by the Spanish, [77];
introduction of negro, [403].
Socompa, Mt., [278].
Solis, Juan Diaz de, [22], [113], [236].
Solis Theater, Montevideo, [231].
Sorata, Mt., [258].
Souza, Martim Affonso da, [33].
Spain, mistaken colonial policy of, in South America, [113]-[120];
revolt of South American countries against, [120]-[121].
Spaniards, numbers of, in Buenos Aires, [203].
Spanish Main, the, [402].
Squier, E. G., quoted, [271].
Steamships, German, at Buenos Aires, [200];
on Paraná River, [226].
Sucré, Antonio José de, [131], [132], [259], [266].
Sugar, beginnings of production of, in Brazil, [34].
Sugar Loaf, peak of, bay of Rio de Janeiro, [162].
Sun, worship of, by Peruvian Indians, [50], [57]-[58], [335]-[336], [337].
Surinam, [426].
Tabatinga, Brazilian port, [138].
Tacna, Province of, [287], [290].
Talca, truce of, [124].
Tapajos River, [146].
Tarapacá, Province of, [287], [290].
Tehuelche Indians, [224].
Temple of the Incas at Cuzco, [52]-[53].
Tensaquilla, village of, [385].
Theater, the Amazonas, at Manãos, [145]-[146];
the Municipal, Rio de Janeiro, [166];
at São Paulo, [180];
the Solis, in Montevideo, [231].
Theaters, at Belém, [152];
in Buenos Aires, [206], [207].
Tiahuanaco, ruins of, [48], [272]-[273].
Tierra del Fuego, [225], [285], [311].
Tin, wealth of Bolivia in, [265].
Titicaca, Island of, [57], [336].
Titicaca, Lake, [45], [57], [258], [335]-[338].
Tobacco from Province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador, [358].
Tolima, volcano, Colombia, [385], [391].
Tonka beans, Colombia, [380].
Toparca Capac, [69].
Tordesillas, treaty of, [15].
Toroni, Mt., [278].
Torre Tagle, Marquis of, [129].
Toscanelli, letters of, quoted, [8]-[9].
Trade, restrictions placed on South American, by Spain, [118]-[120];
of United States of Brazil, [135]-[136];
See also Commerce.
Trans-Andean railway, [222], [280].
Trees, of Brazil, [142], [143];
in Montevideo parks, [231]-[232];
of southern Chile, [286]-[287], [309]-[310];
of Ecuador, [355]-[356], [363]-[364].
Trinidad, Island of, [16], [415], [419].
Trombetas River, [146].
Tronador, Mt., [284].
Tucapel, Araucanian chief, [103], [106].
Tucumán, battle of, [123].
Tucumán, city of, [195].
Tumbéz, Peru, [39], [41], [324].
Tunguragua, Mt., [366].
Tupungato, Mt., [281].
Ucayali River, [322].
United States, trade between Brazil and, [136];
smallness of commerce of, with Argentina, [201];
fewness of people from, in Buenos Aires, [203];
commerce between Chile and, [277];
trade of, with Colombia, [398];
trade with Venezuela, [419].
Universities in Argentina, [198].
University, San Francisco Xavier, Sucré, [267];
San Marcos, [330].
Uruguay, [228] ff.;
life in Montevideo, [229]-[234];
nature of the country, [234]-[235];
commerce of, [235];
favorable conditions of, for national prosperity, [236];
turbulent political history of, [236]-[237];
bellicose personality and present-day outlets for, [237]-[238];
political factions in, [238].
Uruguay River, [32], [228], [234], [235].
Uspallata Pass, [222], [279]-[280].
Valdivia, Pedro de, conquest of Chile undertaken by, [82], [97]-[107];
put to death by Araucanians, [107].
Valdivia, town of, [109].
Valencia, city and lake of, [406], [414].
Valera, Father Blas, cited, [58].
Valle, Marquis del, [31].
Valparaiso, [101], [287], [296]-[299].
Valverde, Friar Vincente de, [64].
Vargas Hospital, Caracas, [413].
Vega, Garcilaso de la, quoted, [52]-[53], [58], [61], [335].
Vela, Blasco Nuñez, [87].
Velasco, Juan de, [370].
Venezuela, location and topography, [400]-[401];
naming of, [402];
coastwise approach to, [403]-[404];
towns and cities, [405]-[413];
earthquakes in, [413];
the Orinoco delta and river, [415]-[417];
the llanos, [418];
agricultural products, [418]-[419];
commerce of, [419];
statesmen and rulers of, [421]-[423].
Vernon, Admiral, siege of Cartagena by, [393]-[394].
Vespucci, Amerigo, voyages of, [18]-[19];
the Mundus Novus of, [20];
the naming of the New World for, [20]-[21];
later explorations by, [22].
Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru, [114]-[116].
Victoria, city of, [154].
Vilcapujio, battle of, [123].
Villagran, Francisco de, [107]-[108].
Villa Hayes, [240].
Villegagnon, settlement at, [168].
Virgins, Cape, [27].
Virgins of the Sun, [52], [57];
palace of, at Cajamarca, [65].
Volcanoes, of Chile, [278];
of Colombia, [385];
Waldseemüller map, [21].
Washington, Col. Lawrence, [394].
Watling’s Island, [12].
“Westward Ho!” reminders of, [408].
Wheat, production of, in Argentina, [192];
harvesting of, in Argentina, [216];
production in Uruguay, [235].
Wheelwright, William, [201].
Whymper, Edward, ascent of Ecuadorian peaks by, [365], [367];
quoted on the crater of Cotopaxi, [368].
Wine industry, Mendoza, [221].
Women, Brazilian, [171]-[173];
of Buenos Aires, [210];
of Mendoza, [221];
of Montevideo, [234];
Wright, Marie Robinson, quoted, [187], [188], [299]-[300].
Yavarí River, [322].
Yegros, General, [246], [247].
Yerba maté, production of, in Rio Grande do Sul, [185]-[186];
in Argentina, [192];
beneficial results from, [255]-[256].
Ypiranga, building in São Paulo, [178].
Yupanqui, Inca ruler, [45], [48].
Zamora, State of, Venezuela, [406].
Zaruma, mines of, [356].
Zenufana, region called, [91].
Transcriber’s note:
Front matter, comma inserted after ‘Postage,’ “Postage, 20 cents.”
Front matter, ‘O’HIGGINSS’ changed to ‘O’HIGGINS’S,’ “OF O’HIGGINS’S CAVALRY LEAPED”
Page 87, ‘Conquisitadores’ changed to ‘Conquistadores,’ “in trouble with the Conquistadores,”
Page 192, ‘mate’ changed to ‘maté,’ “grapes, fruits, yerba maté (Paraguay”
Page 383, ‘well built’ changed to ‘well-built,’ “with well-built houses and farm”
Page 391, ‘Giradot’ changed to ‘Girardot,’ “from Bogotá to Girardot”
Page 394, ‘corral’ changed to ‘coral,’ “yellow-white coral laid in”
Page 398, double quote inserted before ‘is,’ “he continues, “is at our very doors”
Index M, ‘Medellén’ changed to ‘Medellín,’ “Medellín, Colombia, 397.”