Luther, vol. 6 of 6

by Hartmann Grisar

7. The Modern Picture of Luther

In the so-called Romantic School the picture of Luther tends to become as shifty as the character of the age.

The Romanticists, like the poets they were, were anxious, as in other fields so also in respect of Luther, to make a stand against the shallowness of the “Enlightenment.”

Zacharias Werner, while still a Protestant, wrote in Luther’s honour his drama “Die Weihe der Kraft,” and, then, as a Catholic, the drama entitled “Die Weihe der Unkraft.”

Novalis, who was deeply read in Luther’s works, was of opinion that he, like Protestantism itself, was something democratic; to him Luther appeared a “hothead.” Disgusted with Lutheranism and vaguely conscious of the beauty of the past he was anxious to see the scattered faithful once more united in a new Christianity. “Luther,” so he wrote, “treated Christianity as he liked, failed to recognise its spirit and introduced another letter and another religion, viz. the sacred principle of the Bible over all.” A “fire from heaven” had indeed presided over the commencement of his career; later on, however, the source of “holy inspiration had run dry” and worldliness gained the upper hand in Luther.[1633]

The religious spirit which had animated the Romanticists and had led them to cast yearning eyes at the Middle Ages was soon extinguished by the new criticism, historical and Biblical, and by the spread of infidelity.

The latest efforts to portray Luther

Luther had now to submit to being criticised by scholars who prided themselves on being dispassionate and were not slow to pass judgment on the characteristics, whether actual or imaginary, which they seemed to discover in him. What the Göttingen Church-historian, Gottlieb Jakob Planck, representing the so-called “Pragmatic” writers had begun—much to the disgust of the then Luther devotees[1634]—was pushed forward by many other Protestants. The lengths to which independent criticism has gone of recent years is emphasised in the Göttingen theologian, Paul de Lagarde. Typical of his remarks is the following: “That great scold Luther, who could see no further than the tips of his toes, by his demagogy threw Germany into barbarism and dissension.”[1635] It was particularly with Luther’s “coarseness” and tendency to indulge in vulgar abuse that the critics were disposed to find fault. Some indeed were inclined to excuse him. Hardly any other writer, however, in seeking to exculpate Luther has used language so startling as that of Adolf Hausrath the Heidelberg scholar who, in his Life of Luther (1904), “thanks God for the barbarism of these polemics,” and goes so far as to say that, “since Luther’s road led to the goal it must have been the right one.”[1636]

Of the three comprehensive and most widely known biographies of Luther, that of Hausrath depicts Luther from the standpoint of a liberal divine. Here Luther almost ceases to be a theologian, or at any rate the theological problems amidst which Luther lived are scarcely even mentioned. On the other hand, in the biography by Theodore Kolde of Erlangen (2nd ed., 1893), the Wittenberg professor again figures as a teacher; his scholarly two-volume work is positive in tendency and regards Luther as a preacher of truth against the darkness of the Middle Ages—which, however, the author has misunderstood and fails to treat fairly. The third large modern work on Luther, also in two volumes, is by the late Julius Köstlin of Halle and Breslau; a new edition was published in 1903 with the collaboration of G. Kawerau; here the picture of Luther is a product of the so-called theology of compromise.[1637]

Wilhelm Maurenbrecher, professor of History at Bonn and Leipzig, said truly in his “Studien” (1874), that the traditional Luther “myth” the “stuff and rubbish” which the past had looked upon as true history, deserved to be cleared away. He traces back to Sleidanus the “current ‘fable convenue’” about Luther; this writer, in the work he published in 1555, which became a classic, had begun the process of “moderating and toning down the theological colours” of Luther’s picture, in such a way as to make Luther the living expression of the “already finished programme of the Protestant princes and theologians.” He lifted the author of the religious upheaval “out of his democratic, revolutionary setting” and stamped him as a “model” for theologians. Maurenbrecher, as a layman, is very frank in his opinion as to the central question of Bible-interpretation: “It is undoubtedly the right of every man at the present day to appeal to Luther’s own example, in favour of the unfettered freedom of Bible-research.”[1638]

By an objective portrayal of his characteristics, Protestant non-theologians such as Maurenbrecher have done good service, particularly as regards the more secular side of Luther’s picture. The historian Onno Klopp was still a Protestant when, in 1857, in his “Katholizismus, Protestantismus und Gewissensfreiheit in Deutschland,” albeit recognising Luther’s merits, he censured his “boundless confidence in the infallibility of his own judgment”; the “unstable character of the new Church, so dependent on the favour of princes”; also the blind, idolatrous veneration of his followers for him, especially the attitude of the “narrow-minded Elector and his advisers who were ready to take all the morbid drivel of a quarrelsome old man for the Word of God.” And these same authorities, so Onno Klopp declares, set up a new “Protestant Cæsarean Popedom” which year by year became more burdensome and oppressive.[1639] On the whole his portrait of Luther is the reverse of flattering.

Had the writings of Leopold von Ranke and Carl Adolf Menzel been as independent as Maurenbrecher’s or as broad-minded as Klopp’s, their picture of Luther would have been more true. Even to-day, in spite of the abundance of works on the Reformation period, an independent historian at home in all the profound and detailed studies which have recently appeared, is still lacking in Protestant circles; hence a living picture of Luther’s person has not yet been painted.

As for the Protestant theologians they have, as a rule, not contributed much to the portrait of Luther; what they have given us has been rather a sort of kaleidoscope of Luther’s dogma; they busy themselves more with crumbs from his history than with it as a whole. Dealing with some particular doctrine, writing or action of his they have sketched, so to speak, only one facet of his personality; with the help of this they have, nevertheless, built up a picture of the founder of Protestantism as he seemed to them. Hence even the fundamental conception of Luther’s message, i.e. that whereby it differs essentially from Catholicism has been very variously estimated.[1640]

Protestant theologians of more “positive” leanings have protested against the Rationalist views of those other theologians who hold that Luther banished dogma from his Christianity, and rediscovered Christianity “as a religion.”[1641] They declare that, not only did he not abrogate dogma but that he actually “revived and preserved” it. A religion without dogma was unthinkable to him.[1642]

It is true that these positive theologians who believe in the existence of Lutheran “dogmas” are at variance when it comes to stating clearly the actual dogmas which Luther “revived,” or in what his essential message consisted. Some insist above all on the ethical side; thanks to Luther there came a “deeper understanding for the idiosyncracies of the individual” than was the rule in mediæval Christianity.

Where such inveterate differences of opinion prevailed even the theology of conciliation was bound to fail. Reinhold Seeberg, the Berlin theologian, tried to promote some sort of settlement in his “Grundwahrheiten der christlichen Religion,” a work “framed on the lines of the olden Gospel and in the spirit of Paul and Luther which seeks to make the Christian standpoint understood in wider circles.” But his scheme met with a poor reception; the more orthodox looked at it “askance, and, on the other hand, the progressive party were only the more confirmed in their antagonism.”[1643]

Several Protestant theologians of late years have compared Luther to St. Paul. This, for instance, was also done by Walter Köhler of Zürich, a liberal theologian, who does not hesitate to reprehend in Luther whatever he finds amiss, and who also shows considerably more broad-mindedness than many others in his appreciation of the works of Catholics.

The Janus-Picture of the Mediæval and Modern Luther

Thanks to Denifle’s work Luther’s relation to the Middle Ages is now more clearly seen. The need for bestowing more attention than has hitherto been done on that side of Luther’s picture which belongs to the Middle Ages has been strongly insisted on by another liberal theologian, viz. Ernst Troeltsch of Heidelberg. In Troeltsch’s writings Luther’s features become to a great extent mediæval. His views on grace and faith, his ethics, his Churches, the stress he lays on the Word—all this, in reality, is an echo of Catholic times. All that forms the very being of Luther is mediæval and the Protestant traits are merely the wrapping.[1644] With the belief in revelation, which he still retained, he had been unable to rise above the hedge of the mediæval way of thought.

Troeltsch thus comes to the conclusion that the new era in which we live did not commence with Luther but only some two centuries ago, i.e. with the dawn of the Enlightenment. The older Protestantism, no less than Luther himself, belongs to the Middle Ages. Luther stuck fast in the Middle Ages chiefly because he clung to the belief in the “supranatural,” whereas the modern world, thanks to a mathematico-mechanical natural science, has done away with all that stands above nature.

Troeltsch also points out that Luther traces his conception of the Evangel back to Paul, and not to Jesus as the New Theology does; also that he, like the earlier Protestantism, had not completely shaken himself free of the mediæval asceticism, and that he held fast to the traditional doctrine of an original sin.

A Catholic writer has expressed himself more correctly on Luther’s false “supranaturalism,” according to which God does everything and man nothing: “The innermost kernel of his doctrinal system was more ultra-mediæval than the Middle Ages themselves.” “So far was he from desiring to make religion less unworldly or less Christian, that, according to what he was incessantly hammering into his hearers, man was to live himself ever more and more into conscience and faith, into Christ and the Gospel.”[1645]

Nevertheless the objection brought forward repeatedly of recent years against the theory of Luther’s mediævalism is also worthy of note; it is urged that, particularly in the early years of his tempestuous struggle, he threw off ideas which stamp him as thoroughly modern.

F. Loofs, for instance, says: “His leading ideas include in them a whole series of inferences which, however, he never followed up to their logical conclusion.… I may mention Luther’s dislike for all bare historical and dogmatic belief, the tendency he had caught from Erasmus to criticise even the Canon, the distinction he adumbrated between the message of salvation or ‘Word of God’ and the actual written word of Scripture.… Semler, who has been styled the father of Rationalism, in his ‘Abhandlung vom freien Gebrauch des Kanons’ has not unjustly claimed Luther as a forerunner … moreover, the services rendered by Luther to the [liberal Protestant] theology of the 19th century in many of its varied schools of thought cannot easily be overlooked.”[1646]

In these remarks there is doubtless much truth, and there are facts which go to bear out the theory that Luther indeed stands in close relations to the modern spirit. There can be no doubt that, in Luther, we find mediæval and modern features combined. What is wanting is an organic connection between the two; as explained in the foregoing volumes it was only at the expense of flagrant contradictions that he took over certain elements from the past while rejecting others; that he took one step forward towards modern infidelity and another backwards. The ancient figure of Janus with one face looking forward into the future and the other back upon the past was harmonious, at least inasmuch as the two faces were depicted as separate. In Luther, however, the two faces are one, a fact which scarcely improves his physiognomy.

From the recent studies on Luther we can now see more clearly than before that a “revision of the whole conception and appreciation of Luther” is imperative in his own household. But, in view of all the work already done, “is it not high time for us to expect an estimate of the Reformation as a whole which shall also be just to the whole Luther?” Stephan, who asks this question, answers it as follows: “We are still to-day in the midst of a new development that started more than a century since from the contrast presented by the different schools of thought.”[1647]

The “Religious” Reformer and the Hero of “Kultur”

Two other conceptions are in vogue at the present day, which are in part a reaction against the rather over-bold assertions sometimes made about Luther’s mediævalism. Some have insisted that Luther is to be taken as a “religious” teacher, without examining his actual doctrines too narrowly. To others he appears in the light of the founder of modern “Kultur,” i.e. of civilisation in its widest sense. Neither of these ideas can boast of being very clear, nor have they met with any great success.

Those who regard Luther merely as a religious teacher practically confine themselves to imputing to him the “religiousness” of modern Protestantism as the inward force which moved him; albeit, maybe, in his teaching, he did not quite come up to the modern standard. This was to all intents and purposes the view of Albert Ritschl and his school. Luther, they declared, taught first and foremost that both “piety and theology should rest on the consciousness of having in Christ a Gracious God, thanks to which consciousness we rise superior to the world with all its goods and all its duties.” With him “it was not a question of denominations but simply one of religion.” Ritschl, as another Protestant not unjustly observed, “undoubtedly fell a victim to the temptation” of “modernising” Luther.[1648] Moreover, whereas, according to Ritschl, one of Luther’s main achievements was his introduction of a new view of the Church as an institution devoid of legal jurisdiction, according to other Protestant scholars, it was “chiefly in his views regarding the Church that Luther remained under the spell of mediæval thought.”[1649] On the other hand, some few have sought to make out Luther’s religiousness to have been simply ethical. Thus Wilhelm Wundt, the philosopher, declared that Luther had taught mankind no new religion but only a new ethical system, which, however, was merely an offshoot of the Renaissance. As against this we may set the affirmation of Paul Wernle, viz. that neither Luther nor Lutheranism had a system of ethics at all.[1650]

Recently, it is true, Luther’s “religiousness” has been described by a skilful pen as consisting in an interior union with God, as something altogether “spiritual,” “personal,” as “a sentiment bringing comfort to man’s conscience.”[1651] The truth is, however, that the greatest minds, in mediæval and still more in patristic times, were also in favour of greater inwardness and were against that sort of righteousness which consists merely of words and works. This is a result borne in upon one by all the research now being conducted with so much vigour into the views prevalent in the Middle Ages and earlier.

Hence those who look upon Luther as a new preacher of religion are compelled to paint the pre-Lutheran world as absolutely heathen. Luther, “with his peasant’s pick, relentlessly attacked the vulgar polytheism of the people, the sublime polytheism of public worship and dogma, and likewise the pantheism of mysticism.” But, even if we suppose that all these dreadful things prevailed before Luther’s coming, what did he set up in their place? He induced people, so it is said, to “seek God and find Him in Jesus Christ the image of the fatherly heart of God, to fear, love and hope in God above all things, to fix our heart on God alone and there let it rest.”[1652]—But this was precisely what the olden mediæval Church had sought to do, hence, where is Luther’s peculiarity?

The state of the question to-day would almost seem to justify the words of the famous Ernst Moritz Arndt in his “Ansichten und Aussichten der teutschen Geschichte.” He wrote in 1814: “What Luther really taught and wished has hitherto been understood only by the few; his contemporaries failed to understand him, nor did he understand himself”; but “he foresaw that fiery, disembodied, formless Christianity that was to consist of nothing more than fire and spirit.” Arndt concludes with the solemn words: “But peace be with thine ashes, thou great German man, and may the earth hide thy shortcomings and Christian charity thy faults.”[1653]

The aim of other modern thinkers is to breathe new life into Luther by depicting him as the founder and the hero of modern “Kultur.” The conception of the author of Protestantism as the fount and origin of all present-day civilisation is certainly new and different from the earlier portraitures we have thus far considered. In this picture the “cultural” traits are put in so strong a light that his “religiousness” tends to vanish.

Modern civilisation is non-religious. It is perfectly true that Luther materially contributed to the expulsion of religious influences from the secular government and from public life in general; also that he intervened with a powerful hand to promote the secularisation—that had already begun—and to loosen the existing bond between the Church and the world. On the other hand, it is quite wrong to shut one’s eyes to the other powerful factors at work both before him and in his day which were also tending towards the civilisation of to-day with its estrangement from the Church and preponderance of material interests. Such a factor was the later Humanism. The whole background of the time in which he lived and the seething ferment that preceded the birth of the new world has been misunderstood. His friends indeed point to the after-effects of his undertaking as seen in the subsequent growth of education and scholarship; also to his attitude towards public morality; to the services he rendered to the German tongue; even to the benefit which, indirectly, accrued to agriculture, to the arts, to music, poetry, etc. But, even if we are disposed to allow that an improvement has taken place, it would be utterly unjust to blink the fact that many other spiritual and material influences were at work in all these spheres and were far more potent than Lutheranism. The Lutheran territories were still in a state of servitude and general backwardness when there passed over Germany a great wave of civilisation that was partly of German partly of foreign and even of Catholic growth. For the good that undoubtedly exists in modern civilisation we have to thank partly the natural sciences, which on their revival found a fertile soil even in Italy and France, partly commerce in which, however, the South of Europe was as active as any other region of the world, partly the arts, the best work being, however, cisalpine, partly the development of the State and the army, which again is certainly no indigenous product of Protestantism; hence what we now know is the result of a rivalry between varied influences and many countries. Then again all those qualities which to-day give Germany so high a place among the nations had existed in his countrymen long before Luther’s day; such were their readiness to appreciate the good in others, their openness to outside ideas, their ability to exploit foreign progress, their industry, their domesticity, their tenacity in overcoming all obstacles, and their sober outlook.

Those who make Luther the hero of “Kultur” are also apt to forget the sad ethical, social and political consequences of the schism. To these Adolf Harnack referred plainly enough in a lecture delivered in 1883: “We are well aware of what the Reformation cost us Germans and still costs us. For ages it delayed our political unity; it brought on us the Thirty Years’ War; it made it difficult for us to be just to the Church of the Middle Ages, nay, even to the Church of Antiquity—we cannot break with history without obscuring it—it brought upon us a religious schism which still hinders our growth.”[1654]

If, however, we examine those elements of the new “Kultur” which from the religious or moral standpoint are somewhat questionable (though, amongst Protestant unbelievers, writers are not wanting who are ready to justify them) we meet with many indications which lead us back to Luther. Yet, here again, on the other hand, there were other great and far-reaching causes at work which account for them, which have but little to do with Lutheranism. Such were, for instance, the English Deism which reached Germany by way of France and which helped to produce the infidelity of the Enlightenment; also the revolutionary ideas of 1789 on liberty, the Rights of Man and the lawfulness of rising in revolt, ideas to which the masses are still addicted; then again the luxury that was imported from abroad; above all the inclination of the human heart everywhere to sensuality, to egotism and to promote one’s own standing and temporal welfare even at the expense of one’s neighbour. These maladies to which human nature is prone have, by various causes, been sadly aggravated in modern times. How far Luther was responsible for some of these causes should not be difficult to determine after all that has been said above. At any rate his repudiation of authority in religious matters, his new ideas on faith and good works, and, again his whole system of subjectivism, were poor barriers against the inrush of those elements hostile to faith in God, to Christianity and to ethics, which, in modern civilisation, have a place side by side with much that is good.

Nietzsche laid it down that Luther was the first to free the German people from Christianity by teaching them to be un-Roman and to say: Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.[1655] He was anxious to make Luther the patron of his newest brand of “Kultur.” But this new, antichristian and atheistic “Kultur” is largely repudiated in Protestant circles. Many, like Walter Köhler, refuse to admit that Luther was in any sense the father of modern freethought; how could he have been, asks Köhler, since he would not sanction any freedom of conscience, and did not even understand what such a thing was?[1656]

Hence Luther makes a rather unsatisfactory “Hero of Kultur.” To depict him in this light his relations with the more favourable side of “Kultur” have to be so much exaggerated and distorted that one almost expects him, the sworn opponent of “fool reason” and champion of the “enslaved will,” to leap from his grave in protest; on the other hand, it is quite impossible to claim Luther as an advocate of that side of modern “Kultur” which is antagonistic to religion and morality. Protestant authorities have also protested against any claim being made on his behalf that he at least abolished that “Kultur which was directed by the Church”; on the contrary, so they declare, the “Kultur” for which he stood was in many respects “still tied up to the one and only Church” and was quite “mediæval in its character.”[1657] Thus, here again, a sort of dual picture, painted partly in the gay colours of the present day, partly in the sombre tints of the past.

A “Political” Luther?—Conclusion

Over and above all the previous presentations of Luther another strange portrait has recently appeared, which finds admirers among lay historians and students of political history. Here Luther’s political traits are emphasised. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, in his much-read work “Grundlagen des 19 Jahrhunderts,” insists on this view of Luther, starting from the assumption which is beyond question “that the separation from Rome for which Luther fought with such passion all his life was in itself the greatest political upheaval that could possibly occur.… However pitiful the later history of the Reformation may have been, still Luther’s deed was an undying one for this reason, that it rested on a firm political groundwork.” Chamberlain quite rightly makes much of Luther’s attempt to link his cause with that of the princes and with the German national sentiment.

“Without the princes,” says Chamberlain, “nothing could have been done. Who seriously believes that the princes who patronised the Reformation were inspired by or acted from religious enthusiasm? The fingers of one hand would be more than enough on which to reckon up those of whom such a thing holds good. Political interest and political ambition backed by the awakening of national sentiment were the determining factors.” “Even in the later wars of religion the political question was paramount.” It was his desire to win over the German statesmen that made Luther “speak so highly of the ‘German nation’ and so disrespectfully of the Papists.” That was why he wrote, for instance: “For my Germans was I born, them will I serve.” He is “more a politician than a theologian.” “Luther is, above all, a political hero.”

This portrait of the “political hero” is not one whit less one-sided than the others; above all, the author, who has no understanding for Christianity and the Church, fails also to see the so-called “religious” side in Luther. It is true that political motives often loomed so large in Luther’s case and in that of the princes who lent him their support as actually to obscure the religious side of the struggle. Luther himself, however, was anything rather than a great politician on the world’s stage. He had, in fact, to quote a Protestant historian, woefully distorted and imperfect views of the actual trend of human events, particularly of the determining personalities and active factors in the politics of that day. Never perhaps has a more childish diagnosis been given than that contained in the advice of the Wittenberg theologian to his sovereigns about their attitude towards Charles V.[1658] The circumstance that he was deficient in political sense may explain to some extent his mistakes and want of logic in this sphere, but cannot excuse the masterful tone in which he so often expresses himself on the public questions of the day. Then again there was his changeableness. Resistance to the Kaiser, which at one time he had declared unlawful, was advised by him later. After he had handed over the rights of the Church to the lawyers he turns on them and denounces them as his worst foes, who must be fought with every weapon for the sake of the independence of the preachers. In the same way, in spite of the religious freedom which he seemed at first to proclaim as a lasting principle for all future government of Church and State, we find him making his own that repellant intolerance, which, at last subsequent to 1530, led him to advocate the death-penalty for those who held “sectarian” doctrines, or any that differed from his own.

Discouraged by the failure of all these attempts to portray Luther others, at present, are inclined to deny him any mark of distinction and, in particular, any creative power, and depict him simply as the sum, or “product, of existing historical forces.” They emphasise strongly the pre-existing factors and regard him less as a mover than as one moved. This view, however, has also been stigmatised by Protestants as “Mythological.” They object that even “the masses also have a certain share in the achievements of genius,” and that genius itself is but “a child of its time.”[1659]

“The literary portraits of Luther,” says the Protestant author of “Luther im Lichte der neueren Forschung,” “are all more or less unlike the original. They are not in the strict sense of the word portraits at all but rather represent a type.… Every age has to some degree altered the traditional picture of the Reformer to make it fit its own ideals.” “The naïve way of idealising which credits the hero of history with our own ideals … is still at work even at the present day. If we cannot claim the whole Luther for ourselves, we can at least claim a bit of Luther.”

“In most of the popular Luther biographies of recent times,” the same author says, “all that is harsh and rude, violent and demagogic, rough and crude in the physiognomy of the Reformer has been obliterated.”[1660]

Adolf Harnack, also, seeks to discourage the practice of “hero painting”; he speaks unkindly of the common, “emotional pictures” of Luther as the reformer of civilisation which are fabricated somehow or other with the help of a select collection of artificial strokes. He adds: “The reformer himself would not recognise such a picture as his.” “Such a thing would be to him,” to quote an expression of Luther’s own, simply “a painted Luther.”[1661]

To get as close as possible to the real Luther and not to present a painted or fictitious one has been our constant endeavour in the present work. We venture to hope that the claims of objective history may be recognised even in a field which trenches so closely on religious convictions. There is so much that is purely historical and may be judged quite apart from denominational considerations, so much neutral ground where it is merely a question of facts. To construct an opinion of one’s own based on the incontrovertible facts is open to everyone. We trust that the new discussions that seem called for for a further sifting of facts will be undertaken in all calm and in the dispassionate temper befitting the historian. Should these volumes serve as a stimulus in this direction, the author will feel that, by this alone, he has achieved something great.

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APPENDICES

XLI—APPENDIX I
LUTHER’S WRITINGS AND THE EVENTS OF THE DAY ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

[The list in the original was compiled by Peter Sinthern, S.J. We have retained it intact, save that here, as in the body of the work, we give the title of each of Luther’s German writings in the quaint spelling of the earliest “Urdruck” to which we had access. Note of the English Editor.]

As the plan of the present work, as explained in the Introduction (vol. i., pp. xxvii., xxxi.), did not allow of a strict chronological order being followed, and as, moreover, many of Luther’s writings and not a few events of the day had to be passed over in silence, the following list may be found both interesting and useful.

Reference is made in it to all Luther’s publications, even the smaller ones, and the reader is told where they may be found, either in the older Erlangen edition, or in the more recent Weimar edition, so far as the latter goes. Such a catalogue forms the best skeleton for Luther’s history. The list is based on that given by Köstlin (“Luther,”⁵ 2, p. 718 ff.), slightly enlarged, for instance by references to Luther’s correspondence (in Enders, De Wette and the Erlangen ed.), to his Disputations (as in Drews), and to his sermons. Works which do not figure in the actual list for each year but in the paragraph inset at the end, are those which, though published during the year in question, were written earlier. Some works apparently omitted in the list will be found either in the Sermons or in the Correspondence of Luther.

The bringing into conjunction of Luther’s writings with the principal events of the years in which they saw the light will be found of advantage, in that the two often mutually complete and explain each other.

Till 1516. Accession of Pope Leo X, 1513; of Kaiser Maximilian I, 1493; of Frederick, Elector of Saxony, 1486; of George, Duke of Saxony, 1500; of William IV, Duke of Bavaria, 1508; of Joachim I, Elector of Brandenburg, 1499; of Albert Archbishop of Mayence, 1514; of Scultetus, Bishop of Brandenburg, 1507.—In 1502 foundation of the University of Wittenberg. In 1503 death of Andreas Proles. Johann Lang, professor (since 1511) at Wittenberg goes (1515-16) back to Erfurt. In 1510 Eck is appointed professor at Ingolstadt; Carlstadt wins his doctorate. In 1511, Amsdorf becomes a licentiate in theology. In 1513, Spalatin is appointed Court-chaplain and secretary to the Elector Frederick. In 1513-1514, the attitude of the peasants becomes threatening. In 1515, publication of the “Epistolæ obscurorum virorum” of Crotus Rubeanus, etc.—1483, Nov. 10, Birth of Martin Luther. In 1497, he is sent to Magdeburg to the Brothers of the Common Life. In 1498, he goes to Eisenach and, in 1501, to Erfurt. 1502, he becomes a Baccalaureus. In 1505, he is made a Master and enters the cloister (July 17). In 1506, he makes his vows; his first Mass (May 2?). He begins to study theology. In 1508, he goes to Wittenberg to study; his lectures on dialectics and ethics. In 1509, he becomes a Baccalaureus biblicus (March 9); late in the year he returns to Erfurt and becomes Sententiarius. At the end of 1510 he goes to Rome and early in 1511 returns to Germany; “deserts to Staupitz” and removes again to Wittenberg. In 1512, the Cologne Chapter; beginning of his friendship with Lang and Eberbach; his doctorate (Oct. 18); he succeeds Staupitz as professor of Holy Scripture. In 1514 he takes Reuchlin’s side. In 1515 is made District-Vicar at the Chapter of Gotha; his discourse “Against the Little Saints.” His opinions become fixed whilst engaged on his Exposition of Romans (1515-1516); echoes of the new doctrine in his sermons at Christmas.

1. 1510-1511. Marginal notes to the Sentences (Bks. i.-iii.) and certain works of St. Augustine (publ. 1893). Weim. ed., 9, pp. 2 ff., 28 ff.

2. 1513-1515. First lectures on the Psalms: “Dictata super psalterium” (publ. 1743 and 1876, complete 1885). Weim. ed., 3, pp. 1(11)-652 (ps. i.-lxxxiv.); 4, pp. 1-462 (ps. lxxxv.-cl.); 9, pp. 116-121 (ps. xli.).

3. 1514-1517. Sermons on the Lessons (in Latin) preached at the monastery (publ. 1720). Weim. ed., 1, pp. 18(20)-141; “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 41-214.

4. 1514-1520. Sermons (ed. Roth, 1886). Weim. ed., 4, pp. 587(590)-717; 9, pp. 203(204); cp. “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 25-232.

5. 1515-1516. Lectures on Romans (ed. Joh. Ficker, 1908).

6. 1515? “Sermo præscriptus præposito in Litzka” (publ. 1708). Weim. ed., 1, pp. 8(10)-17; “Opp. lat var.,” 1, pp. 29-41.

Sermons, cp. Nos. 3, 4, 6. Letters, Enders, 1, pp. 4-27. Erl. ed., 53, p. 1.

1516. Hermann von Wied becomes Archbishop of Cologne; Erasmus’s “Colloquia”; his first edition of the Greek New Testament with a new Latin translation; Lang as Prior of Erfurt.—Luther’s first mention of Tauler, in his “Commentary on Romans”; his mystical letters to Spenlein and Leiffer (April 8, 15); his quarrel with the Erfurt monks (June 16); his Catholic sermon on Indulgences (July 27); his sermons against the “holy-by-works” (July-Aug.); Opposition to his new theology at Wittenberg and Erfurt (Sept.); back to Augustine! (Oct. 19); Carlstadt’s Theses; Luther busy on Galatians and Titus, 1516-1517.

7. 1516-1517. “Decem præcepta Wittembergensi prædicata populo” (publ. 1518). Weim. ed., 1, pp. 394(398)-521; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 1, pp. 1-218.

8. (Sept.). “Quæstio de viribus et voluntate hominis sine gratia” (Theses for Barth. Bernhardi: “Initium negocii evangelici”). Weim. ed., 1, pp. 142(145)-151; “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 232(235)-255.

9. (Oct. 27, 1516-1517). “In Epistolam Pauli ad Galatas” (Lectures, publ. 1519). Weim. ed., 2, pp. 436(451)-618. Irmischer, 3, pp. 141-485.

10. 1st ed. of “Eyn geystlich edles Buchleynn” (the “Theologia Deutsch”), with “Vor Rede.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 152(153); Erl. ed., 63, p. 238.

Sermons, cp. Nos. 3, 4, 7. Letters, Enders, 1, pp. 28-78.

1517. Creation of 31 new Cardinals (July 1); ridicule of the German Humanists; Hutten settles in Germany; his edition of the “Donatio Constantini”; “our” Erasmus (March 1) publishes his paraphrases on the Epistles, and, later, on the Gospels; the old exegesis fares badly; “De planctu ecclesiæ” reprinted at Lyons; Tetzel visits Magdeburg, Halberstadt and (in Oct.) Berlin; Luther nails up his Latin Indulgence-Theses (Oct. 31).

11. “Die sieben Puszpsalm mit deutscher Auszlegung nach dem schrifftlichen Synne” (first personal work published by Luther). Weim. ed., 1, pp. 154(158)-220; Erl. ed., 37, pp. 345-442.

12. “Auslegung deutsch des Vater Unnser fuer dye einfeltigen Leyen” (publ. by Agricola, and by Luther himself in 1518, No. 31).

13. Lectures on Hebrews (still unpublished).

14. “Disputatio contra scholasticam theologiam” (Theses for Franz Günther). Weim. ed., 1, pp. 221(224)-228; “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 315-321.

15. “Die zehen Gepot Gottes … mit einer kurtzen Ausslegung” (publ. 1518). Weim. ed., 1, pp. 247(250)-256; Erl. ed., 36, pp. 146-154.

16. The 95 Indulgence-Theses: “Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 229(233)-238; “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 285-293.

Sermons, cp. Nos. 3, 4, 7. Letters, Enders, 1, pp. 79-137; Erl. ed., 53, p. 1 f.

1518. Philip II Landgrave of Hesse (March 31); Sickingen and his men desert the French for the Kaiser (May 16); Melanchthon goes to Wittenberg (Aug. 25).—Early in 1518 Archbishop Albert sends his report to Rome; Tetzel’s counter-theses (Jan. 18); Leo X directs the Augustinian superiors to take steps; the Heidelberg Chapter and the Disputation in Luther’s favour; Lang displaces Luther as District-Vicar; charges formulated at Rome against Luther as a spreader of heretical opinions (middle of June); he is summoned to Rome (Aug. 7); the Augsburg trial (Oct.); Papal Bull to defend the doctrine of Indulgences (Nov. 9); Luther appeals to a General Council (Nov. 28); he discovers the secret of the certainty of salvation.

17. “Eyn Sermon von dem Ablass und Gnade.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 239(243)-246; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 4-8; “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 326-331.

18. “Resolutiones disputationum de indulgentiarum virtute.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 522(525)-628; 9, pp. 171-175; “Opp. lat. var.,” 2, pp. 126-293.

19. “Sermo de pœnitentia.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 317(319)-324; “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 331-340.

20. Theses for the Heidelberg Disputation (Leonard Beyer’s). Weim. ed., 1, pp. 350(353)-355; 9, pp. 160(161)-170; “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 387-390.

21. “Asterisci Lutheri adv. Obeliscos Eckii” (publ. 1545). Weim. ed., 1, pp. 278(281)-314; “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 410-456.

22. Preface to the complete ed. of “Eyn Deutsch Theologia.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 374(378)-379; Erl. ed., 63, pp. 238-240; cp. No. 10.

23. “Eyn Freiheyt dess Sermons Bepstlichen Ablass und Gnad belangend.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 380(383)-393; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 10-25.

24. “Ausslegung des 109 Psalmen.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 687(689)-710; 9, pp. 176-202; Erl. ed., 40, pp. 3-38.

25. “Ad dialogum Silvestri Prieriatis de potestate Papæ responsio.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 644(647)-686; “Opp. lat. var.,” 2, pp. 6-67.

26. “Sermo de virtute excommunicationis.” Weim. ed., 1, pp. 634(638)-643; “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, 2, pp. 306-313.

27. “Sermo in festo S. Michaelis in arce Wimariensi” (publ. 1556). “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 226-232.

28. “Acta Augustana.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 1(6)-26; 9, p. 205; “Opp. lat. var.,” 2, pp. 354-361, 367-392.

29. “Appellatio a Caietano ad Papam.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 27(28)-33; “Opp. lat var.,” 2, pp. 398-404.

30. “Appellatio ad futurum concilium universale.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 34(36)-40; “Opp. lat. var.,” 2, pp. 438-445.

31. “Auslegung deutsch des Vater Unnser fuer dye einfeltigen Leyen.” (Cp. No. 12.) Weim. ed., 2, pp. 74(80)-130; 9, pp. 122(123)-159; Erl. ed., 21, pp. 159-227; 45, pp. 204-207.

32. “Sermo de triplici iustitia.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 41(43)-47; “Opp. lat. var.,” 2, pp. 322-329.

“Decem præcepta,” cp. No. 7. Brief explanation of the Ten Commandments, cp. No. 15. Sermons, Erl. ed., 16², pp. 3-33; cp. No. 4. Letters, Enders, 1, pp. 138-337; 5, p. 1; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 3-5.

1519. Death of Maximilian I, Charles V succeeds him (June 28); Ulrich becomes Duke of Würtemberg; the “Onus ecclesiæ” of B. Pirstinger of Chiemsee; death of Tetzel (Aug. 11); Capito becomes cathedral-preacher at Mayence; Zwingli at Zürich (Jan. 1); Oldecop visits Rome; Miltitz calls on Luther (Jan.); the Leipzig Disputations (June-July).

33. Preface to Prierias’s “Replica.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 48(50)-56; “Opp. lat. var.,” 2, pp. 68-78.

34. “Kurtz Unterweysung wie man beichten sol.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 57(59)-65; Erl. ed., 21, pp. 245-253 (cp. No. 66).

35. “Unterricht auff etlich Artikell.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 66(69)-73; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 3-9; 24², pp. 5-11.

36. “Eyn Sermon von der Betrachtung des heyligen Leydens Christi.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 131(136)-142; Erl. ed., 11, pp. 144-152; 11², pp. 154-163.

37. Commentary on Galatians, cp. No. 9.

38. 1519-1521. Second course of Lectures on the Psalms. “Operationes in psalmos” (Ps. i.-xxii.). Weim. ed., 5, pp. 1(19)-673; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 14-16.

39. “Sermo de duplici iustitia.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 143(145)-152; “Opp. lat. var.,” 2, pp. 329-339.

40. “Disputatio et excusatio adv. criminationes Eccii.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 153(158)-161; 9, pp. 206(207)-212; “Opp. lat. var.,” 3, pp. 12-17.

41. “Eyn Sermon von dem Elichen Standt.” Original text, Weim. ed., 9, pp. 213-220; Erl. ed., 16, pp. 150-158; 16², pp. 50-57. Revised text, Weim. ed., 2, pp. 162(166)-171; Erl. ed., 16, pp. 158-165; 16², pp. 60-67.

42. “Eyn kurtze Form des Pater Noster zu versteen unnd zu betten.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 9(11)-19; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 21-32.

43. “Kurtze nützliche ausslegung des Vatter Unsers fürsich und hindersich.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 20(21)-22; Erl. ed., 45, p. 208-211.

44. “Eyn Sermon von dem Gepeet unnd Procession yn der Creutz Wochen.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 172(175)-179; Erl. ed., 20, pp. 290-296; 16², pp. 69-76.

45. “Eyn Sermon von dem Wucher.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 1(3)-8; Erl. ed., 20, pp. 122-127; 16², pp. 113-117.

46. “Resolutio super propositione sua (Lipsiensi) XIII de potestate Papæ.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 180(183)-240; “Opp. lat. var.,” 3, pp. 296-384.

47. “Scheda adv. Hochstraten,” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 384(386)-387; “Opp. lat var.,” 2, pp. 295-297.

48. “Resolutiones super propositionibus Lipsiæ disputatis.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 388(391)-435; “Opp. lat. var.,” 3, pp. 228-292.

49. “Tessaradecas consolatoria pro laborantibus et oneratis.” (publ. 1520). Weim. ed., 6, pp. 99(104)-134; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 88-135.

50. “Contra malignum Ioh. Eccii iudicium.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 621(625)-654; “Opp. lat. var.,” pp. 472-514.

51. “Ad ægocerotem Emserianum additio.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 655(658)-679; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 13-45.

52. “Sermon von dem Sacrament der Puss.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 709(713)-723; Erl. ed., 53, p. 30 f.; 20, pp. 179-193; 16², pp. 35-48.

53. “Eyn Sermon von der Bereytung zum Sterben.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 680(684)-697; Erl. ed., 21, pp. 258-274; “Opp. lat. var.,” 3, pp. 453-473.

54. “Ad Eccium super expurgatione Ecciana.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 698(700)-708; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 47-58.

55. “Eyn Sermon von dem heyligen hochwirdigen Sacrament der Tauffe.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 724(727)-737; Erl. ed., 21, pp. 229-244; “Opp. lat. var.,” 3, pp. 398-410.

56. “Eyn Sermon von dem hochwirdigen Sacrament des heyligen waren Leychnams Christi.” Weim. ed., 2, pp. 738(742)-758; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 28-50.

57. “Scholia in librum Genesios” (publ. 1893). Weim. ed., 9, pp. 329-415.

58. “Enarrationes epistolarum et evangeliorum quas postillas vocant” (publ. 1893). Weim. ed., 9, pp. 415-676.

59. Latin Advent-postils (publ. 1521). Weim. ed., 7, pp. 458(463)-637.

Sermons, cp. No. 36, 41, 44, 52, 55-59. Letters, Enders, 1, p. 338—2, p. 289; 5, pp. 4-8; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 5-34; 56, pp. i.-vii.

1520. Suleiman II begins his career. The war in Hungary. Coronation of Charles V at Aachen (Oct. 23). Hutten offers Luther his own and Sickingen’s protection; his “Vadiscus” and “Inspicientes” (April). Münzer at Zwickau (May 17); Urban Rhegius cathedral-preacher at Augsburg; Link succeeds Staupitz as General Vicar (Aug. 28). Eck goes to Rome; the first Consistory against Luther (Jan. 9). The Stolpen decree of the Bishop of Meissen (Jan. 24). Luther’s letter to Charles V (Aug. 30); his third and last epistle to Leo X (after Oct. 13). The Bull “Exsurge” and its condemnation of 41 theses (June 15), published in Germany by Eck (in Sept.) and burnt by Luther (Dec. 10). Luther’s open attack on the freedom of the will.

60. “Eyn Sermon von dem Bann.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 61(63)-75; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 51-70.

61. “Eyn Sermon von dem Wucher.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 33(36)-60; Erl. ed., 20, pp. 89-120; 16², pp. 79-110.

62. “Erklerung … etlicher Artickel yn seynem Sermon von dem heyligen Sacrament.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 76(78)-83; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 71-77.

63. “Antwort auff die Tzedel sso unter des Officials tzu Stolpen Sigel ist aussgangen”; “Ad Schedulam inhibitionis.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 135(136)-141, 142(144)-153; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 78-84; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 138-151.

64. “Sermon von den guten Wercken.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 196(202)-276; 9, pp. 226(229)-301; Erl. ed., 20, pp. 193-290; 16², pp. 121-220.

65. “Responsio ad condemnationem doctrinalen per Lovanienses et Colonienses.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 170(174)-195; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 176-205.

66. “Confitendi ratio.” Weim. ed., 6, 154(157)-169; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 154-171 (cp. No. 34).

67. “Eyn kurcz Form der czehen Gepott. Eyn kurcz Form dess Glaubens. Eyn kurcz Form dess Vatter Unssers.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 194(204)-229; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 3-32.

68. “Von dem Bapstum tzu Rome wider dem hochberumpten Romanisten tzu Leiptzk” (i.e. Alveld). Weim. ed., 6, pp. 277(285)-324; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 86-139.

69. “Epitoma responsionis Silv. Prieratis” with preface and postface. Weim. ed., 6, pp. 325(328)-348; “Opp. lat. var.,” 2, pp. 79-108.

70. “An den christlichen Adel deutscher Nation.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 381(404)-469; Erl. ed., 21, pp. 277-360.

71. “Eyn Sermon von dem newen Testament das ist von der heyligen Messe.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 349(353)-378; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 141-173.

72. “De captivitate babylonica ecclesiæ præludium.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 484(497)-573; “Opp. lat. var.,” 5, pp. 16-118.

73. “Erbieten” (“Oblatio sive Protestatio”). Weim. ed., 6, pp. 478(480)-481, 482-483; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 9-11; 24², pp. 12-14; “Opp. lat. var.,” 5, pp. 4-6; early draft of same, Weim. ed., 6, pp. 476-478; 9, pp. 302-304; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 12-14; 24², pp. 14-16.

74. Preface to “Adv. constitutionem de cleri cœlibatu.” Cp. Weim. ed., 7, p. 677.

75. “Von den newen Eckischenn Bullen und Lugen.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 576(579)-594; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 15-28; 24², pp. 18-31.

76. “Von der Freyheyt eynes Christen Menschen.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 12(20)-38; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 175-199.

77. “Eyn Sendbrieff an den Bapst Leo. den czehenden.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 1(3)-11; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 41-52.

78. “Epistola Lutheriana ad Leonem decimum.” “Tractatus de libertate christiana.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 39(42)-73; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 219-255.

79. “Adv. execrabilem Antichristi bullam.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 595(597)-612; “Opp. lat. var.,” 5, pp. 134-153.

80. “Widder die Bullen des Endchrists.” Weim. ed., 6, pp. 613(614)-629; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 36-52; 24², pp. 39-55.

81. “Appellatio ad Concilium repetita.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 74(75)-82; “Opp. lat. var.,” 5, pp. 121-131.

82. “Appellation odder Beruffung … repetirt.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 83(85)-90; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 30-35; 24², pp. 32-37.

83. “Das Magnificat verteuschet und ausgelegt” (publ. 1521). Weim. ed., 7, pp. 538-604; Erl. ed., 45, pp. 212-290.

84. “Warumb des Bapsts und seyner Jungern Bucher … vorbrant seyn.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 152-186; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 152-164; 24², pp. 154-166; “Opp. lat. var.,” 5, pp. 257-270.

85. “Assertio omnium articulorum per bullam damnatorum.” (publ. 1521). Weim. ed., 7, pp. 91-151; “Opp. lat. var.,” 5, pp. 156-237.

Tessaradecas (cp. No. 49). Sermons (cp. No. 58). Letters, Enders 2, p. 290-3, p. 37; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 34-53.

1521. First war between Charles V and François I (lasting till 1526). Henry VIII publishes his “Assertio.” Death of Leo X (Dec. 1). Fall of Belgrad. Bugenhagen comes to Wittenberg and Eberlin of Günzburg goes to Ulm. The Bull “Decet Rom. Pontif.” is issued (Jan. 3). The Diet of Worms; the “Gravanima”; Aleander’s discourse (Feb. 13). Luther is summoned to the Diet (March 6), his sermon at Erfurt (April 7), his condemnation by the Sorbonne (April 15), his arrival at Worms (April 16); he refuses to recant (April 18); his stay at the Wartburg (May 4, 1521-March 1, 1522); the sentence of outlawry, May 8 (May 26). Carlstadt assails clerical celibacy; the turmoil at Erfurt (July); the Mass is abolished among the Wittenberg Augustinians (Oct.). Luther busies himself with the translation of the Bible (Dec. 1521-1534); Melanchthon’s Commonplace-Book (Dec.). Luther’s secret visit to Wittenberg (Dec. 3-11). Carlstadt introduces a new rite for the Supper (Dec. 25). The Zwickau “prophets” come to Wittenberg.

86. “Grund vnd Vrsach aller Artickel … so … verdampt seindt.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 299(308)-457; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 53-150; 24², pp. 56-150.

87. “An den Bock zu Leyptzck.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 259(262)-265; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 201-205.

88. “Auff des Bocks zu Leypczick Antwort.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 266(271)-283; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 205-220.

89. “Unterricht der Beychtkinder ubir die vorpotten Bucher.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 284(290)-298; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 203-209; 24², pp. 206-213.

90. “Auff das ubirchristlich, ubirgeystlich und ubirkunstlich Buch Bocks Emssers.” Weim. ed. 7, pp. 614(621)-688; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 221-308.

91. “Ad librum Ambrosii Catharini responsio,” Weim. ed. 7, pp. 698(704)-778; “Opp. lat. var.,” 5, pp. 289-394.

92. “Responsio extemporaria ad articulos ex Babylonica et Assertionibus excerptos.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 605(608)-613; “Opp. lat. var.,” 6, pp. 24-30.

93. “Eyn Sermon … am Gründornstag.” Weim. ed., 7, pp. 689(692)-697; Erl. ed., 17, pp. 65-72; 16², pp. 242-249.

94. “Deutsch Auszlegũg des sieben uñ seditzigstẽ Psalmẽ.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 1(14)-35; Erl. ed., 39, pp. 179-220.

95. “Von der Beicht ob der Bapst Macht habe zu gepieten.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 129(138)-204; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 319-379.

96. Church-postils, Advent to Epiphany (publ. 1522). Weim. ed., 10, 1, 1, pp. 1-728; Erl. ed., 7, 10; 7², 10².

97. “Eyn Kleyn Unterricht was man ynn den Euangeliis suchen und gewartten soll.” Weim. ed., 10, 1, 1, pp. 8-18; Erl. ed., 7, pp. 5-12; 7², pp. 6-13.

98. “Rationis Latomianæ confutatio.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 36(43)-128; “Opp. lat. var.,” 5, pp. 395-521.

99. “Der sechs uñ dreyssigist Psalm.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 205 (210)-240; Erl. ed., 38, pp. 373-396; 39, pp. 124-136.

100. “Eyn Urteyl der Theologen tzu Paris uber die Lere Dr. Luthers. Eyn gegen Urteyl Dr. Luthers.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 255(267)-312; 9, pp. 716(717)-761; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 380-410.

101. “Evangelium von den tzehen Aussetzigen.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 336(340)-397; Erl. ed., 17, pp. 146-176; 14², pp. 42-87; 16², pp. 259-291.

102. “Themata de votis.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 313(323)-335; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 344-360; 6, p. 235.

103. “Eyn Widderspruch seynis yrthũss erczwungen durch den … Herrn H. Emser.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 241(247)-254; Erl. ed., 27, pp. 308-318.

104. “De votis monasticis” (publ. 1522). Weim. ed., 8, pp. 564(573)-669; “Opp. lat. var.,” 6, pp. 238-376.

105. “De abroganda missa privata” (publ. 1522). Weim. ed., 8, pp. 398(411)-476; “Opp. lat. var.,” 6, pp. 115-212.

106. “Vom Missbrauch der Messen” (publ. 1522). Weim. ed., 8, pp. 477(482)-563; Erl. ed., 28, pp. 28-141.

107. “Eyn trew Vormanung … sich zu vorhuten fur Auffruhr und Emporung.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 670(676)-688; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 43-59; 22², pp. 43-58.

108. Translation of the New Testament (publ. 1522).

The Magnificat, cp. No. 83. Latin Postils, cp. No. 59. “Assertio omnium articulorum,” cp. No. 85. Sermons, cp. Nos. 58, 96 and Weim. ed., 7, pp. 792(795)-802; 9, pp. 501-516; Erl. ed., 16², pp. 221-301. Letters, Enders, 3, pp. 38-268; 53, pp. 55-103.

1522. Hadrian VI (Pope from Jan. 9, 1522, to Sept. 14, 1523). Charles V goes to Spain, remaining there till 1529; the Diet of Nuremberg (Dec.); the Turkish question, the “Centum gravamina,” the fall of Rhodes (Dec. 25). Iconoclastic riot at Wittenberg (Jan.); the Wittenberg Augustinians abolish their rule about begging (Jan. 6); relics no longer to be exposed at the Collegiate Church (April 16). Jonas (Feb. 22) and Bugenhagen (Oct. 13) take wives. Luther returns from the Wartburg (March 1); his sermons against Carlstadt (March 9-16). Hartmuth von Cronberg’s missive; Luther returns to Erfurt (Oct.). The innovations forcibly introduced into Altenburg, Schwarzburg, Eilenburg, etc.

109. “Bulla Cœnæ Domini.” Weim. ed., 8, pp. 688(691)-720; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 165-202; 24², pp. 168-204.

110. “Acht Sermon” (Against Carlstadt). Weim. ed., 10, 3, pp. 1-64; Erl. ed., 28, pp. 203-285.

111. “Von beider Gestallt des Sacramentes zu nehmen.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 1(11)-41; Erl. ed., 28, pp. 286-318.

112. “Eyn Missive an den ereñvestenn Harttmutt vonn Cronberg.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 42(53)-60; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 120-128.

113. “Von Menschen leren tzu meyden.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 61(72)-92; Erl. ed., 28, pp. 330-343.

114. “Die erst Epistel Sanct Petri gepredigt und ausgelegt” (publ. 1523). Weim. ed., 12, pp. 249(259)-399; Erl. ed., 51, pp. 325-494.

115. “Wyder den falsch genantten geystlichen Standt des Bapst und der Bischoffen.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 93(105)-158; Erl. ed., 28, pp. 142-202.

116. “Bulle des Ecclesiasten tzu Wittenbergk.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 140-144; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 380-387; 24², pp. 214-220.

117. “Epistel odder Unterricht von den Heyligen an die Kirch tzu Erffurdt.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 159(164)-168; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 139-144.

118. “Contra Henricum regem Angliæ.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 175(180)-222; “Opp. lat. var.,” 6, pp. 385-448.

119. “Antwort deutsch … auff König Henrichs von Engelland Buch. Lügen thun myr nicht, Warheyt schew ich nicht.” Weim, ed., 10, 2, pp. 223(227)-262; Erl. ed., 28, pp. 344-387.

120. Latin letter to the Bohemian Estates. Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 169(172)-174; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 144-148.

121. 1522-1523. Translation of the Old Testament (Pentateuch, publ. 1523).

122. Preface to “Wesselii epistolæ.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 310(316)-317; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 495-497.

123. Preface to “Gochii fragmenta.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 327(329)-330.

124. “Vom Eelichen Leben.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 267(275)-304; Erl. ed., 20, pp. 57-87; 16², pp. 510-541.

125. “Ain Betbüchlin.” Weim. ed., 10, 2, pp. 331(375)-482.

The German New Testament, cp. No. 108. Church-Postils, cp. No. 96. “De votis monasticis,” cp. No. 104. “De abroganda missa privata,” cp. No. 105. Sermons, Weim. ed., 10, 3, pp. 1-435; Erl. ed., 64, pp. 263-265; 16², pp. 304-543. Letters, Enders, 3, p. 269—4, p. 52; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 103-157.

1523. Clement VII (Pope from Nov. 19, 1523, to Sept. 25, 1534). In Sweden, Gustavus Vasa (†1560). In Denmark, Frederick I (†1533). Edict of the Diet of Nuremberg (Feb. 8). The Lutherans begin to form parishes apart. The innovations introduced into Prussia. Luther has the Mass done away with at Wittenberg. Two Augustinians of Lutheran sympathies are burnt at Antwerp. Flight of Bora and the other Nimbschen nuns; Lang’s marriage. End of the German Augustinians. Luther’s illness. His interview with Carlstadt at Jena (Aug. 22). Link goes to Altenburg. The attempt to establish a new order of things at Leisnig. Luther drafts a constitution for the Churches of Bohemia.

126. “Die ander Epistel S. Petri und eyne S. Judas gepredigt und ausgelegt” (1523-1524). Weim. ed., 14, pp. 1(13)-91; Erl. ed., 52, pp. 213-287.

127. “Von Anbeten des Sacramẽts des heyligen Leychnams Christi.” Weim. ed., 11, pp. 417(431)-456; Erl. ed., 28, pp. 389-421.

128. “Deuttung der czwo grewlichen Figuren, Bapstesels czu Rom und Munchkalbs zu Freyberg ynn Meysszen funden Philippus Melanchthon D. Martinus Luther.” Weim. ed., 11, pp. 357(368)-385; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 2-16.

129. “Adversus armatum virum Cokleum.” Weim. ed., 11, pp. 292(295)-306; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 44-60.

130. Various Sermons, etc. Weim. ed., 11, pp. 36-62.

131. “Von welltlicher Uberkeytt wie weytt man yhr Gehorsam schuldig sey.” Weim. ed., 11, pp. 229(245)-281; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 60-105.

132. “Eyn Bepstlich Breve widder den Luther.” Weim. ed., 11, pp. 337(342)-356; Erl. ed., 64, pp. 411-420; “Opp. lat. var.,” 6, pp. 466-477.

133. “In Genesim Declamationes” (publ. 1527). Weim. ed., 24; 14, pp. 94(97)-488; Erl. ed., 33, 34.

134. “Von Ordenung Gottes Dienst ynn der Gemeyne.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 31(35)-37; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 153-156.

135. “Ursach und Anttwortt das Jungkfrawen Kloster gottlich verlassen mugen.” Weim. ed., 11, pp. 387(394)-400; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 34-42.

136. “Das eyn Christliche Versamlung odder Gemeyne … Macht habe alle Lere zu urteylen.” Weim. ed., 11, pp. 401(408)-416; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 141-151.

137. “Das Jhesus Christus eyn geborner Jude sey.” Weim. ed., 11, pp. 307(314)-336; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 46-74.

138. “Das Tauff Buchlin Verdeutscht.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 38(42)-48; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 158-166.

139. “Ordenũg eyns gemeynen Kastens.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 1(11)-30; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 106-130.

140. “Widder die Verkerer und Felscher Keyserlichs Mandats.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 58(62)-67; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 182-190.

141. “Das siebẽdt Capitel S. Pauli zu den Corinthern aussgelegt.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 88(92)-142; Erl. ed., 51, pp. 3-69.

142. 1523-1529. Latin translation of the Bible (publ. 1529).

143. Epistolary Recommendation of Johann Apel’s “Defensio pro suo coniugio.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 68(71)-72; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, p. 500 ff.

144. Preface to the German translation of Lamprecht’s (Lambert of Avignon) “In regulam Minoritarum … Commentarii.” Weim. ed., 11, pp. 457(461); “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, p. 498 sq.

145. Introduction to Savonarola’s “Meditatio pia.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 245(248); “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, p. 497 sq.

146. “Eyn Brieff an die Christen ym Nidder Land.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 73(77)-80; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 180-182.

147. “Allen Christen zu Righe, Revell und Tarbthe [Dorpat].” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 143(147)-150; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 190-194.

148 Hymns: “Nu freut euch liebe Christen gmein,” “Ein newes Lied wir heben an.” Erl. ed., 56, pp. 309 f., 340 ff.

149. “De instituendis ministris ecclesiæ.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 160(169)-196; “Opp. lat. var.,” 6, pp. 494-535.

150. “Eyn Sendtbrieff … an ein Christl. Gemain der Stat Essling.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 151(154)-159; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 213-217.

151. “Eyn trost Brieff an die Christen zu Augspurg.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 221(224)-227; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 223-227.

152. “An die Herrn Deutschs Ordens das sie falsche Keuscheyt meyden und zur rechten ehlichen Keuscheyt greyffen.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 228(232)-244; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 17-33.

153. “Formula missæ et communionis.” Weim. ed., 12, pp. 197(205)-220; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 1-20.

German Old Testament (1st part), cp. No. 121. Sermons on the 1st Epistle of Peter, cp. No. 114. Other sermons, Weim. ed., 11, 12; Erl. ed., 17², pp. 1-72. Letters, Enders, 4, pp. 53-272; 5, p. 8; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 158-230; 56, pp. 166 f., vii. f.

1524. Diet of Nuremberg for the execution of the Edict of Worms. Amsdorf introduces the Reformation into Magdeburg. Münzer sacks the chapel at Malderbach near Eisleben. The Peasant War (beginning in June and lasting till the following year). League of the South-German Catholic Estates entered into at Ratisbon (July 6). Joh. Walther’s “Spiritual Song-book.” Münzer’s “Well-grounded plea” in his own defence (Sept.). Erasmus’s “Diatribe” (Sept.). Catholic worship is forbidden at Altenburg. Luther throws off the Augustinian habit (Dec.).

154. “An die Radherrn aller Stedte deutsches Lands das sie christl. Schulen auffrichten und halten sollen.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 9(27)-53; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 170-199.

155. Translation of the Old Testament (2nd part, from Josue to Esther).

156. “Duæ episcopales bullæ super doctrina Lutherana et Romana.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 141(146)-154; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 63-73.

157. “Eyn Christlicher Trostbrieff an die Miltenberger.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 54(69)-78; Erl. ed., 41, pp. 117-128.

158. Preface to Bugenhagen’s “In librum psalmorum Interpretatio.” Weim. ed., 15, p. 1(8); “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, p. 502 sq.

159. “Eyn Geschicht wie Got eyner Erbarn Kloster Jungfrawẽ ausgelffen hat.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 79(86)-94; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 103-113.

160. 1524-1526. “Prælectiones in Prophetas minores” (publ. 1526-1545). Weim. ed., 13, pp. 1-703; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 24-28.

161. “Deuteronomium Mosi cum annotationibus” (publ. 1525). Weim. ed., 14, pp. 489(497)-744; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 13, pp. 5-351.

162. “Widder das blind und toll Verdamnis.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 95(110)-140; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 76-92.

163. “Dass Elltern die Kinder zur Ehe nicht zwingen noch hyndern.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 155(163)-169; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 236-244.

164. “Zwey keyserliche uneynige und wydderwertige Gepott.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 241(254)-278; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 210-237; 24², pp. 221-247.

165. “Der Psalter deutsch.” Erl. ed., 37, pp. 107-249.

166. “Von Kauffshandlung und Wucher.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 279(293)-322; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 200-226.

167. “Eyn Sermon von dem Wucher” (2nd edition, cp. No. 61).

168. “Widder den newen Abgott und allten Teuffel der zu Meyssen sol erhaben werden.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 170(183)-198; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 239-257; 24², pp. 250-268.

169. “Zwue Sermon auff das xv. und xvi. Capitel ynn der Apostel Geschichte” (publ. 1526). Weim. ed., 15, p. 571-622; Erl. ed., 17, pp. 223-253.

170. “Eyn Brieff an die Fürsten zu Sachsen von dem auffrurischen Geyst.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 199(210)-221; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 256-268.

171. “Sendbrieff an die … Burgermeyster, Rhatt und gantze Gemeyn der Stadt Mülhausen.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 230(238)-240; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 253-255.

172. “Ain Senndbrief an den Wolgeb. Herren, Herren Barth von Staremberg.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 1(5)-7; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 202-204.

173. “Geistliches Gesangbüchlein” (with 24 hymns by Luther) Cp. Erl. ed., 56, p. 306 ff.

174. Sermons on Exodus (publ. in 1526, 1528, 1564, and, in full, in 1899). Weim. ed., 16, pp. 1-646; Erl. ed., 33, pp. 3-21 (“Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 75-112); 35, pp. 1-392; 36, pp. 1-144.

175. German Old Testament (3rd and final part, without the “Apocrypha”).

176. “Von dem Grewel der Stillmesse so man den Canon nennet.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 8(22)-36; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 114-133.

177. “Der 127. Psalm ausgelegt an die Christen zu Rigen ynn Liffland.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 348(360)-379; Erl. ed., 41, pp. 130-150; 53, p. 281.

178. “Eyn Brieff an die Christen zu Straspurg widder den Schwermer Geyst.” Weim. ed., 15, pp. 380(391)-397; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 270-277.

Sermons on the 2nd Epistle of Peter and on the Epistle of Jude, cp. No. 126. Other Sermons, Weim. ed., 15, pp. 398(409)-803; Erl. ed., 17², pp. 73-115. Letters, Enders, 4, p. 273 to 5, p. 99; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 230-281.

1525. Charles V is victorious near Pavia (Feb. 24). Prussia becomes a secular principality (April 10). Luther opposes the so-called fanatics, Carlstadt and the rest. The massacre at Weinsberg (April 16). Death of the Elector Frederick (May 5). Johann succeeds him on the Saxon throne and reigns till 1532. Münzer is vanquished near Frankenhausen (May 15). The Erfurt Articles. League of the North German Catholic princes, meeting at Dessau (July 19). Link becomes preacher at Nuremberg (Aug.). The Mayence assembly (Nov.). Eck’s “Enchiridion.” Carlstadt’s humiliation. Luther’s marriage (June 13). He calls for the entire suppression of “idolatry” at Altenburg (July 20). The Reformation is violently carried through in the Saxon Electorate (Oct. 1). Interview with Schwenckfeld (Dec. 1). Nuremberg openly comes over to Luther’s side.

179. “Widder die hymelischen Propheten.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 37(62)-214; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 136-297.

180. “Von Bruder Henrico ynn Diedmar verbrand sampt dem zehenden Psalmen ausgelegt.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 215(224)-250; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 347-354; 27², pp. 400-426.

181. “Vorrede an den Leser von der Jubil Jars Bullen.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 251(255)-269; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 298-318.

182. Sermons on 1 Timothy. Weim. ed., 17, 1, pp. 102-167; Erl. ed., 51, pp. 276-324.

183. “Eyn christl. Schrift an Herrn Wolfgang Reissenbusch sich ynn den Ehelichen Stand zubegeben.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 270(275)-278; Erl. ed., 33, pp. 286-290.

184. “Ermanunge zum Fride auff die zwelff Artikel der Bawrschafft ynn Schwaben.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 279(291)-334; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 259-286; 24², pp. 271-299.

185. “Vertrag zwischen dem löblichen Bund zu Schwaben und den zweyen Hauffen der Bawrn am Bodensee und Algew.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 335(336)-343; Erl. ed., 65, pp. 2-12.

186. “Wider die mordischen und reubischen Rotten der Bawren.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 344(357)-361; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 288-294; 24², pp. 303-309.

187. “Eyn schrecklich Geschicht unnd Gericht Gottes uber Thomas Müntzer.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 362(367)-374; Erl. ed., 65, pp. 13-22.

188. “Eyn Sendebrieff von dem harten Buchlin widder die Bauren.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 375(384)-401; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 295-319; 24², pp. 310-334.

189. “Eyne Christliche Vormanung von eusserlichem Gottis Dienste unde Eyntracht an die yn Lieffland.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 412(417)-421; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 315-321.

190. Preface to Bodenstein’s “Entschuldigung D. Andres Carlstats des falschen Namens der Auffrůr.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 431(436)-438; Erl. ed., 64, pp. 404-408.

191. Preface to Carlstadt’s “Erklerung.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 446(453)-466; Erl. ed., 64, pp. 408-410.

192. “Die sieben Buss Psalmen” (revised). Weim. ed., 18, pp. 467(479)-550; Erl. ed., 37, pp. 344-442.

193. Notes to the 28 Articles of the Erfurt Council. Weim. ed., 18, pp. 531(534)-540; Erl. ed., 56, pp. xii.-xviii.; 65, pp. 239-247.

194. “Radtschlag wie in der Christlichen Gemaine ain … bestendigen Ordnung solle fürgenommen und auffgericht werden” (publ. 1526). Weim. ed., 19, pp. 436(440)-446; Erl. ed., 26², pp. 2-8.

195. “De servo arbitrio.” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 551(600)-787; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 113(116)-368.

196. Church-Postils (2nd part), Epiphany to Easter. Erl. ed., 8-11; 8²-11².

197. “Deudsche Messe und Ordnung Gottis Diensts” (publ. 1526). Weim. ed., 19, pp. 44(70)-113; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 227-244.

198. Hymn, “Jesaia dem Propheten das geschach.” Erl. ed., 56, p. 343.

199. “Epistel des Propheten Jesaia so man ynn der Christmesse lieset” (publ. 1526). Weim. ed., 19, pp. 126(131)-168; Erl. ed., 15, pp. 65-110; 15², pp. 70-116.

“Annotationes in Deuteronomiam,” cp. No. 161. Other sermons, Weim. ed., 17, 1, pp. 1-507; Erl. ed., 17², pp. 116-253. Letters, Enders, 5, pp. 100-297; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 281-357; 56, pp. 168-170, viii.-xviii.

1526. The Diet of Augsburg demands (Jan. 9) an Œcumenical Council. Luther lays it down (Feb. 9) that, in each locality there must be but one doctrine. The new worship in the Saxon Electorate. The Electorate and Hesse enter into a league (at Gotha, and, later, at Torgau, May 2). Lambert of Avignon helps Philip of Hesse to introduce the innovations. The Kaiser threatened by the League of Cognac (May 22). The Diet of Spires (Aug. 27) tempers the Edict of Worms. The Battle of Mohacs (Aug. 29). Charles V politically estranged from the Pope. The “Hyperaspistes” of Erasmus.

200. “Das Bapstum mit seinen Gliedern gemalet und beschrieben.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 1(6)-43; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 360-378.

201. Sermons (publ. in full in 1898). Weim. ed., 20, pp. 204(212)-591; Erl. ed., 17², pp. 254-267.

202. “Widder den … Radschlag der gantzen Meintzischen Pfafferey.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 252(260)-282; Erl. ed., 65, pp. 23-46.

203. “Der Prophet Jona aussgelegt.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 169(185)-251; Erl. ed., 41, pp. 325-414.

204. “Sermon von dem Sacrament des Leibs und Bluts Christi widder die Schwarmgeister.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 474(482)-523; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 329-359.

205. Two Prefaces to the Swabian “Syngramma.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 447(457)-461, 524(529)-530; Erl. ed., 65, pp. 108-185.

206. “Antwort auff ettliche Fragen Closter Gelübd belangend.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 283(287)-293; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 318-327.

207. “Der Prophet Habacuc ausgelegt.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 336(345)-435; Erl. ed., 42, pp. 3-108.

208. “Das Tauffbuchlin verdeudscht auffs new zugericht.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 531(537)-541; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 291-294.

209. “Annotationes in Ecclesiasten” (publ. 1532). Weim. ed., 20, pp. 1(7)-203; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 21, pp. 1-266.

210. “Der 112. Psalm Davids … gepredigt.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 294(297)-336; Erl. ed., 40, pp. 241-280.

211. “Vier trostliche Psalmen.… An die Königyn zu Hungern ausgelegt.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 542(552)-615; Erl. ed., 38, pp. 370-453.

212. “Der Prophet Sacharja ausgelegt” (publ. 1528). Weim. ed., 23, pp. 477(485)-664; Erl. ed., 42, pp. 109-362.

213. “Epistel aus dem Propheten Jeremia von Christus Reich” (publ. 1527). Weim. ed., 20, pp. 549-561; Erl. ed., 41, pp. 187-219.

214. “Ob Kriegsleutte auch ynn seligen Stande seyn künden.” Weim. ed., 19, pp. 618(623)-662; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 264-290.

“Deudsche Messe,” cp. No. 197. Two sermons on Acts xv., xvi., cp. No. 171. Sermon on Is. ix., cp. No. 199. Lecture on Osee, cp. No. 160. Instruction on Moses, Weim. ed., 16, pp. 363-394; Erl. ed., 33, pp. 3-21. Various memoranda, cp. No. 194. Summer part of the Church-Postils (Erl. ed., 8, 9, 11-14; 9², 11²-14²). Sermons, cp. Nos. 201, 204, 210, 213. Letters, Enders, 5, p. 298 ff.; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 357-394.

1527. Second war between Charles V and François I (lasting till 1529). Henry the Eighth’s plans for a divorce. Ferdinand I is crowned at Prague as King of Bohemia (Feb. 24). Sack of Rome (May 6-14). Peace between Charles V and Clement VII (Nov.). Gustavus Vasa takes Luther’s side. The Visitation of the Saxon Electorate (lasting till 1529) and introduction of the office of Superintendent. Emser’s translation of the New Testament (Dec.). Melanchthon in his “Commonplace Book” modifies his teaching on Predestination. Luther falls ill; beginning of his worst “struggles of conscience.” Commencement of the controversy with Zwingli, etc., on the Supper. Wittenberg is invaded by the Plague.

215. “Das diese Wort Christi (Das ist mein Leib etce.) noch fest stehen widder die Schwermgeister.” Weim. ed., 23, pp. 38(64)-320; Erl. ed., 30, pp. 16-150.

216. Translation of Isaias.

217. “Auff des Königs zu Engelland Lesterschrift.” Weim. ed., 23, pp. 17(26)-37; Erl. ed., 30, pp. 2-14.

218. Sermons on Leviticus and Numbers (publ. 1902). Weim. ed., 25, pp. 403(411)-522.

219. Preface to “Commentarius in Apocalypsim ante centum annos editus.” Weim. ed., 26, pp. 121(123)-124; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 506-508.

220. Preface to “Die Weissagungẽ Johannis Lichtenberger.” Weim. ed., 23, pp. 1(7)-12; Erl. ed., 63, pp. 250-258.

221. “In Esaiam scholia ex D.M.L. prælectionibus collecta” (publ. 1532-1534). Weim. ed., 25, pp. 79(87)-401; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 22, pp. 1-296.

222. “Ob man fur dem Sterben fliehen muge.” Weim. ed., 23, pp. 323(338)-386; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 318-341.

223. Lecture on the 1st Epistle of John (publ. 1708 and 1799). Weim. ed., 20, pp. 592(599)-801.

224. “Trostunge un die Christen zu Halle uber Er Georgen yhres Predigers Tod.” Weim. ed., 23, pp. 390(401)-434; Erl. ed., 22, pp. 295-316.

225. “Octonarius David” (Ps. xix.). Weim. ed., 23, pp. 435(437)-442; Erl. ed., 41, pp. 93-115.

226. “Von Er Lenhard Keiser ynn Beyern umb des Evangelii Willen verbrandt.” Weim. ed., 23, pp. 443(445)-476.

227. “Ain feste Burg” (1528?). Erl. ed., 56, p. 343 f., see above, vol. v., p. 549.

228. Lecture on Titus and Philemon (publ. 1902). Weim. ed., 25, pp. 1(6)-78.

Church-Postils, Summer part and conclusion, ed. Roth, cp. Erl. ed., 15, 16; 15². Sermon on Jer. xxiii. 5-8, cp. No. 213. Sermons on Genesis, cp. No. 133. Other Sermons, Weim. ed., 23, pp. 665(682)-757; Erl. ed., 17², pp. 268-322. Letters, Enders, 1, pp. 1-172; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 395-416; 56, pp. 170-176.

1528. The Pack negotiations. Anabaptists are threatened with the death-penalty. Death of Albert Dürer (April 6) and Emser (Nov. 8). Cochlæus, Court-chaplain to Duke George. Cruciger and other friends come to Wittenberg. Letters of Hasenberg and von der Heyden. Bugenhagen’s work in Brunswick. Progress of the Visitation of the Saxon Electorate. The “catechetical sermons” at Wittenberg. Philip of Hesse’s breach of the peace and hostilities against Bamberg, Würzburg and Mayence. The Turks threaten new inroads.

229. “Unterricht der Visitatorn an die Pharhern ym Kurfurstenthum zu Sachssen,” etc. Weim. ed., 26, pp. 175(195)-240; Erl. ed., 23, pp. 3-70.

230. “Vom Abendmal Christi Bekentnis.” Weim. ed., 26, pp. 241(261)-509; Erl. ed., 30, pp. 152-373.

231. “Ein Gesichte Bruder Clausen ynn Schweytz und seine Deutunge.” Weim. ed., 26, pp. 125(130)-136; Erl. ed., 63, pp. 260-268.

232. Lecture on 1 Timothy (partly publ. 1797). Weim. ed., 26, pp. 1(4)-120.

233. “Von der Widdertauffe an zween Pfarherrn.” Weim. ed., 26, pp. 137(144)-174; Erl. ed., 26, pp. 255-294; 26², pp. 282-321.

234. “De digamia episcoporum propositiones.” Weim. ed., 26, pp. 510(517)-527; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 360-373.

235. New edition of the German Psalter; cp. No. 165, 289.

236. Three series of sermons on the Catechism (publ. 1899). Weim. ed., 30, 1, pp. 2-122.

237. “Vom Kriege widder die Türcken” (publ. 1529). Weim. ed. 30, 2, pp. 81(107)-148; Erl. ed., 31, pp. 32-80.

238. “New-Zeittung von Leyptzig.” “Ein newe Fabel Esopi newlich verdeudscht gefunden.” Weim. ed., 26, pp. 534(539)-554; Erl. ed., 64, pp. 326-337.

239. “Von beider Gestalt des Sacraments.” Weim. ed., 26, pp. 555(560)-618; Erl. ed., 30, pp. 374-426.

240. Week-day sermons on John xvi.-xx. (in part publ. 1530, 1557). Weim. ed., 28, pp. 31(42)-502; Erl. ed., 50, pp. 1-441.

241. Week-day sermons on Mt. xi.-xv. Weim. ed., 28, pp. 1(4)-30.

242. “Nachwort zu der Durchleuchtigen hochgebornen F. Ursulen Hertzogin zu Mönsterberg. Christliche Ursach des verlassen Klosters zu Freyberg.” Weim. ed., 26, pp. 623(628)-633; Erl. ed., 65, pp. 132-169.

Exposition of the Ten Commandments, Weim. ed., 16, pp. 394-528; Erl. ed., 36, pp. 1-144. Commentary on Zacharias, cp. No. 212. Other Sermons, Weim. ed., 27, 28, pp. 503-763. Letters, Enders, 6, p. 173-7, p. 38; Erl. ed., 53, pp. 416-452; 54, pp. 1-60; 56, pp. 176-180, xix.

1529. Peace of Barcelona (June 29). Peace of the Ladies (Cambrai, Aug. 5). Retreat of the Turks from Vienna (Oct. 14). Diet of Spires. “Protest” of the Lutheran Estates (April 19). They promise each other mutual support (April 22). Philip of Hesse and Melanchthon seek a union with the Zwinglians; the Marburg Conference (Oct. 1-4). Luther submits to the Upper German townships his so-called Schwabach Articles which are rejected by Strasburg and Ulm at the Schwabach Conference (Oct. 16). The same thing happens again at the Schmalkalden Conference (Nov. 29) and spoils all prospect of an arrangement with the South-Germans. Nuremberg alone stands true to the union.

243. “Von heimlichẽ und gestolen Brieffen.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 1(25)-48; Erl. ed., 31, pp. 2-30.

244. “Deudsch Catechismus.” Weim. ed., 30, 1, pp. 123-238; Erl. ed., 21, pp. 26-155.

245. “Der Kleine Catechismus für die gemeine Pfarher und Prediger.” Weim. ed., 30, 1, pp. 239-425; Erl. ed., 21, pp. 5-25.

246. “Ein Trawbüchlin für die einfeltigen Pfarherr.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 43(74)-80; Erl. ed., 23, pp. 208-213.

247. “Teütsche Letaney” and “Latina Litania correcta.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 1(29)-42; Erl. ed., 56, pp. 360-366.

248. Preface to the “Œconomia christiana” of Justus Menius. Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 49(60)-63; Erl. ed., 54, pp. 117-121; 63, pp. 277-282.

249. Translation of the Book of Wisdom.

250. Sermons on Deuteronomy (publ. 1564). Weim. ed., 28, pp. 501(509)-763; Erl. ed., 36, pp. 164-411.

251. Preface to Melanchthon’s Exposition of Colossians. Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 64(68)-69; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, p. 492 sq.

252. Preface to Brentz’s Commentary on Ecclesiastes. Weim. ed., 26, pp. 619(621)-622; Erl. ed., 54, p. 59 f.

253. Preface to Venatorius’ “Ein kurtz Underricht den sterbenden Menschen.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 70(79)-80; Erl. ed., 63, pp. 285-287.

254. The “Wittenberg Song-book” with new hymns and a preface.

255. “Von Ehesachen” (publ. 1530). Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 198(205)-248; Erl. ed., 23, pp. 93-154.

256. Marburg Conference and Articles. Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 92(110)-171; Erl. ed., 65, pp. 88-91.

257. Articles of the Schwabach Convention. Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 81(86)-91.

258. “Eine Heer-Predigt widder den Türcken.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 149(160)-197; Erl. ed., 31, pp. 81-121.

259. Scholia to Ps. cxviii. (to Eobanus Hessus).

Latin translation of the Bible, cp. No. 142. “Vom Kriege widder die Türcken,” cp. No. 237. Sermons, cp. No. 240 and Weim. ed., 29. Letters, Enders, 7, pp. 39-212; Erl. ed., 54, pp. 60-121; 56, pp. 181, xix.-xxvii.

1530. Charles V is crowned Emperor at Bologna (Feb. 24). Death of Willibald Pirkheimer and of Luther’s father, Hans (Feb.). The “Confessio tetrapolitana” of Strasburg, Constance, Lindau and Memmingen (drawn up by Bucer and Capito). The Torgau Articles (March). Diet of Augsburg (June 20-Nov. 19). Luther at the Coburg (April 23-Oct. 4). At Torgau he begins to favour the use of armed resistance to the Emperor (Oct.). The “Confessio Augustana” (June 25), the “Confutatio” and Melanchthon’s “Apologia” (Sept.). Bucer at the Coburg (Sept. 25). The warlike league planned by the Protesting Estates at the Schmalkalden Assembly (Dec. 22). Spread of the innovations in Hungary.

260. Preface to Spengler’s “Kurczer Auszuge aus den Bebstlichen Rechten.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 215(219); Erl. ed., 63, pp. 288-290.

261. Preface to “Libellus de ritu et moribus Turcarum.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 198(205)-208; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 514-519; Erl. ed., 65, pp. 248-254.

262. New ed. of the New Testament.

263. Translation of Daniel.

264. Preface to “Der Widdertauffer Lere” of Justus Menius. Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 209(211)-214; Erl. ed., 63, pp. 290-296.

265. Lecture on the Song of Songs (publ. 1538). “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 21, pp. 273-368.

266. “Vermanũg an die geistlichen versamlet auff dem Reichstag zu Augsburg.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 237(268)-356; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 330-379; 24², pp. 358-407.

267. (1530-1532). Translation of Jeremias, Ezechiel and the Lesser Prophets.

268. “Das xxxviii. und xxxix. Capitel Hesechiel vom Gog.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 220(223)-236; Erl. ed., 41, pp. 220-231.

269. Twenty-one Sermons (publ. 1702). Weim. ed., 32, pp. 1-298; Erl. ed., 17², pp. 323-472.

270. “Auff das Schreien etlicher Papisten uber die siebentzehen Artickel.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 183(186)-197; Erl. ed., 24, pp. 321-329; 24², pp. 337-344.

271. “Das schöne Confitemini” (Ps. cxviii.). Erl. ed., 41, pp. 2-19.

272. Short exposition of the first 25 Psalms (publ. 1548, and, in full, 1559). Erl. ed., 38, pp. 1-275; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 17.

273. (1530?). German version of Æsop’s Fables. Erl. ed., 64, pp. 350-361.

274. “Etliche tröstliche Vermanungen … Mit diesen Sprüchen hat sich der heilige Man … getröstet.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 697(700)-710; Erl. ed., 23, pp. 155-162.

275. Reflections of the Holy Fathers, on how a Christian must bear his cross with patience. Erl. ed., 64, pp. 298-300.

276. Glosses on the Decalogue. Weim. ed., 30, 2, p. 357(358).

277. “Widderruff vom Fegefeur.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 360(367)-390; Erl. ed., 31, pp. 185-215.

278. “Ettlich Artickelstück so M.L. erhalten wil, wider die gantze Satans Schüle uñ alle Pforten der Hellen.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 413(420)-427; “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 373-377; Erl. ed., 31, pp. 122-125.

279. “Predigt das man Kinder zur Schulen halten solle.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 508(517)-588; Erl. ed., 20, pp. 1-45; 17², pp. 376-422.

280. “Brieff an den Cardinal Ertzbisschoff zu Mentz.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 391(397)-412; Erl. ed., 54, pp. 159-168.

281. “Der lxxxii. Psalm ausgelegt.” Erl. ed., 39, pp. 225-264.

282. “Von den Schlüsseln.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 428(435)-507; 30, 3, pp. 584-588; Erl. ed., 31, pp. 126-184.

283. “Der hundert und siebenzehende Psalm ausgelegt.” Erl. ed., 40, pp. 281-328.

284. “Vermanung zum Sacrament des Leibs und Bluts unsers Herrn.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 589(595)-626; Erl. ed., 23, pp. 163-207.

285. “Sendbrieff D.M.L. von Dolmetzscheñ.” Weim. ed., 30, 2, pp. 627(632)-646; Erl. ed., 65, pp. 103-123.

286. “Der hundert und eilffte Psalm ausgelegt.” Erl. ed., 40, pp. 193-240.

287. Week-day sermons on Mt. v.-vii. (publ. 1532). Weim. ed., 32, pp. 299-555; Erl. ed., 43, pp. 2-368.

288. Sermons on John vi. 26-viii. 38 (publ. 1564). Weim. ed., 33; Erl. ed., 47, pp. 227-394; 48, pp. 1-410.

“Von Ehesachen,” cp. No, 255. “Heer-Predigt widder den Türcken,” cp. No. 258. Sermons on John xvii., cp. No. 240. Letters, Enders, 7, p. 213—8, p. 334; Erl. ed., 54, pp. 122-209; 56, pp. 181-183, xxvii.-xxix.

1531. Ferdinand becomes the German King (Jan. 5). League of Schmalkalden (Feb. 27). Bavaria takes the field against Ferdinand (24 Oct.). Archbishop Albert stays at Halle (till 1540). Melanchthon prepares for the press his “Confessio Aug.” and its “Apologia.” Luther suggests to Henry VIII that bigamy would be preferable to divorce (Sept. 3). England (1531-1545) is carried into schism by Henry VIII. Zwinglian iconoclastic riots in Swabia. Zwingli slain in Battle (Oct. 11) is succeeded by Bullinger. Luther’s revision of his translation of the Psalms; his memoranda on the means of stamping out the Anabaptist movement (end of Oct.).

289. New edition of the Psalms, cp. Nos. 165, 235.

290. “Auff das vermeint Keiserlich Edict ausgangen jm 1531 Jare.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 321(331)-388, 583; Erl. ed., 25, pp. 51-88; 25², pp. 50-88.

291. “Warnunge an seine lieben Deudschen.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 252(276)-320, 392-399; Erl. ed., 25, pp. 2-50; 25², pp. 3-49; 65, p. 259 f.

292. “Widder den Meuchler zu Dresen gedrückt.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 413(446)-471; Erl. ed., 25, pp. 89-109; 25², pp. 109-128.

293. “Commentarius (maior) in Epistolam ad Galatas” (publ. 1535). Weim. ed., 40, 1 (cap. i.-iv.); Irmischer, 1; 2; 3, pp. 1-120.

294. “Exemplum theologiæ et doctrinæ papisticæ.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 494(496)-509; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 21-43.

295. Psalm cxlvii. (publ. 1532). Erl. ed., pp. 152-181.

296. “Enarratio psalmi xlii.” “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 17, pp. 234-238.

Sermons, Weim. ed., 34, 1, 2; Erl. ed., 18², pp. 1-135. Letters, Enders, 8, pp. 335-9, p. 135; Erl. ed., 54, pp. 209-265; 56, p. 183.

1532. The Turkish invasion of Hungary and Austria (June); Suleiman II does not venture to attack Vienna. Elector Johann dies and is succeeded by Johann Frederick (till 1547). Calvin stays for a while in Geneva. The Nuremberg proposals for a religious truce (June 23) are rejected by the Catholic Estates at Ratisbon (July 2). Melanchthon thinks of leaving Wittenberg.

297. “Brieff von den Schleichern und Winckelpredigern.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 510(518)-527; Erl. ed., 31, pp. 214-226.

298. “An den Durchleuchtigen Hochgebornen Fürsten und Herrn Herrn Albrechten Marggraffen zu Brandenburg.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 541(547)-553; Erl. ed., 54, pp. 281-289.

299. “Enarratio psalmorum ii. et xlv.” (publ. 1533 and 1546). “Opp. lat. exeg.” 18, pp. 1-127, 129-264.

300. “Enarratio psalmi li.” (publ. 1538). “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 19, pp. 1-154.

301. Preface to Bugenhagen’s ed. of “Athanasii libri contra idolatriam.” Weim ed., 30, 3, pp. 528(530)-532; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 523-525.

302.“Summarien uber die Psalmen und Ursachen des Dolmetschens” (publ. 1533). Erl. ed., 37, pp. 254-339.

303. Sermon on Charity (1 Jo. iv. 16-21; publ. 1533). Weim. ed., 36, pp. 416-477; Erl. ed., 19, pp. 358-412; 18², pp. 304-311.

304. Translation of the Old-Testament “Apocrypha” (publ. 1533 f.).

305. Sermon on the sum total of the Christian life (1 Tim. 1, 5 ff. publ. 1533). Weim. ed., 36, pp. 352-375; Erl. ed., 19, pp. 296-328; 18², pp. 370-304.

306. (1532-1533). “Enarratio in psalmos graduales” (publ. 1540). “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 19, pp. 157-289; 20, pp. 1-306.

307. “Brieff an die zu Franckfort am Meyn.” Weim. ed., 30, 3, pp. 554(558)-571; Erl. ed., 26, pp. 295-313; 26², pp. 372-389.

308. (1532-1534). Home-sermons (Home-postils, ed. Veit Dietrich, 1544; ed. Rörer, 1559). Weim. ed., 36, 37; Erl. ed., 1-6; 1²-3² (after Dietrich); 4²-6² (after Rörer).

Exposition of Ps. cxlvii., cp. No. 295. Translation of the Prophets, cp. No. 267. Sermons on Mt. v.-vii., cp. No. 287. “In Esaiam prophetam scholia,” cp. No. 221. “Annotationes in Ecclesiasten,” cp. No. 209. Sermon on Numbers, vi. 22-27, cp. No. 218. Other Sermons, Weim. ed., 36; Erl. ed., 18², pp. 136-384. Letters, Enders, 9, pp. 136-258; Erl. ed., 54, pp. 266-348; 56, pp. 184 f.-187.

1533. Clement VII takes steps for the assembling of an Œcumenical Council (Jan.). The Schmalkaldeners refuse to hear of a Council (June). Henry VIII weds Anne Boleyn (Jan). Progress of Protestantism in the Duchy of Jülich-Cleves, in Anhalt-Köthen and Mecklenburg.

309. Sermons on 1 Cor. xv. (publ. 1534). Weim. ed., 36, pp. 649-697; Erl. ed., 51, pp. 71-275.

310. “Verantwortung der auffgelegten Auffrur.” Erl. ed., 31, pp. 228-269.

311. “Die kleine Anwort auff H. Georgen nehestes Buch.” Weim. ed., 31, pp. 270-307.

312. “Von der Winckelmesse und Pfaffen Weihe.” Erl. ed., 31, pp. 308-377.

313. Preface to the “Rechẽschafft des Glaubens” (of the Bohemian Brethren). Erl. ed., 63, pp. 320-323.

314. Preface to Balth. Rhaida’s reply to Wicel. Erl. ed., 63, pp. 317-319.

“Summarien,” cp. No. 302. “Brieff,” etc., cp. No. 307. Exposition of Ps. xlv., cp. 299. Sermon on 1 John iv. 16-21, cp. No. 303. Sermon on 1 Tim. i. 5 ff., cp. No. 305. Translation of Sirach, cp. No. 304. Other Sermons, Weim. ed., 37, pp. 1-248; Erl. ed., 19², pp. 1-102. Letters, Enders, 9, pp. 259-370; Erl. ed., 55, pp. 1-35; 56, pp. 185-191, xxix.-xxxv.

1534. Death of Clement VII (Sept. 25). Paul III (from Oct. 13, 1534-Nov. 10, 1549). Bull against Henry VIII (March 23). Act of Supremacy is passed by the English Parliament (Nov. 3). Ulrich of Würtemberg is reinstated by Philip of Hesse; his treaty with King Ferdinand signed at Baden (June 29). Reformation of Anhalt (March) of Würtemberg (May) of Augsburg (July) of Pomerania (Dec.). Carlstadt at Basle. Luther again attacks Erasmus, the latter’s “Purgatio adv. epistolam non sobriam Lutheri.” Death of Cardinal Cajetan (Aug. 9). Strasburg the centre of the Anabaptist movement. The Anabaptists’ orgies at Münster (Feb., 1534, to June 25, 1535). First edition of Calvin’s “Institutio.”

315. “Ein Brieff D. Mart. Luth. von seinem Buch der Winckelmessen.” Erl. ed., 31, pp. 378-391.

316. “Der lxv. Psalm durch D.M.L. zu Dessaw … gepredigt.” Weim. ed., 37, pp. 425-451; Erl. ed., 39, pp. 137-177.

317. “Biblia das ist die gantze Heilige Schrift.”

318. “Convocatio concilii liberi christiani” (of doubtful authenticity). Erl. ed., 31, pp. 411-416; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 370-372.

319. “Præfatio in Antonii Corvini librum de Erasmi concordia.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 526-531.

320. Preface to Urban Rhegius, “Widderlegung der Münsterischen newen … Bekentnus.” Erl. ed., 63, pp. 332-336.

321. Preface to the “Newe Zeittung von Münster.” Erl. ed., 63, pp. 336-341.

322. “Enarratio psalmi xc.” “Opp. lat exeg.,” 18, pp. 264-334.

323. Exposition of Psalm ci. Erl. ed., 39, pp. 266-364.

324. “Einfeltige Weise zu beten.” Erl. ed., 23, pp. 215-238.

325. “Klagschrift der Vögel an D.M. Luther über seinem Diener Wolfgang Sieberger.” Erl. ed., 64, p. 347 f.

“Scholia in Esaiam,” cp. No. 221. Sermons on 1 Cor. xv., cp. No. 309. Further Sermons, Weim. ed., 37, pp. 249-672. Letters, Enders, 9, pp. 371—10, p. 117; Erl. ed., 55, pp. 36-81; 56, pp. 191-196.

1535. Growth of the Schmalkalden League after the accession of Würtemberg. Death of Joachim I of Brandenburg (July 11). Joachim II his successor (†1571) a friend of Luther’s. Execution of Sir Thomas More. Vergerio’s interview with Luther (Nov. 7). Amended edition of Melanchthon’s Commonplace-Book. The ordination-oath introduced at Wittenberg. The Schmalkalden League is prolonged for ten years (Dec.). King Ferdinand to the Emperor on Germany’s downfall (Dec.).

326. Sermon on Infant-Baptism. Weim. ed., 37, pp. 258-293; Erl. ed., 16, pp. 43-105; 19², pp. 103-167.

327. “Etliche Spruche Doc. Martini Luther wider das Concilium Obstantiense (wolt sagen Constantiense).” Erl. ed., 31, pp. 391-411.

328. (1535-1545). “Enarrationes in Genesim” (publ. 1544). “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 1-11.

329. Prefaces to Anton Corvinus’s “Kurtze Ausslegung der Euangelien … der Episteln.” Erl. ed., 63, pp. 348-353.

330. Letter to the preachers of Soest. Erl. ed., 65, pp. 95-102.

331. (1535-1536). Sermons. Weim. ed., 41; Erl. ed., 19², pp. 103-242.

332. Disputations, “de concilio Constantiensi” and for the promotion of Hier. Weller, and Nic. Medler. “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 402-410, 377-389; Drews, pp. 1-3, 9-32.

333. Hymns: “Von Himel hoch”; “Sie ist mir lieb”; “All Ehr und Lob soll Gottes seyn.” Erl. ed., 56, pp. 348 f., 350 f.

“Comment, in epist. ad Galatas,” cp. No. 293. Sermons, cp. No. 331. Letters, Enders, 10, pp. 118-282; Erl. ed., 55, pp. 81-117; 56, pp. 196-198, xxxv. f.

1536. Third war between Charles V and François I (lasting till 1538). The Turkish peril. Denmark converted to Protestantism (Aug.). The “Consilium de emendanda ecclesia” drafted by Cardinals Pole, Contarini, Sadoleto and Caraffa. A General Council is summoned (June 2) to meet at Mantua in 1537. Death of Erasmus (July 12). Luther makes advances to Henry VIII and admits the lawfulness of his divorce. Articles are drafted to the object of inducing the King of England to make common cause with the German Reformers. The Articles are thrown over by Henry. The Wittenberg Concord (May). Luther endeavours to win over Augsburg, Ulm and the Swiss. Bucer labours for a union. Synods held by the Swiss at Basle and Bern (Sept., Nov.). Memoranda of the Wittenberg theologians regarding the Council (Aug.). Bull for the bettering of the City of Rome and the Papal Court (Sept. 23). Calvin begins his work at Geneva.

334. Disputations: “De iustificatione,” “De muliere peccatrice” and “Contra missam privatam” (Jan. 14, 21, 29). “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 389-394, 398-402, 413; Drews, pp. 55-66, 66, 69-89.

335. Preface to Robert Barnes (Chaplain to Henry VIII), “De vitis pontificum.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 533-536.

336. “Præfatio in tres epistolas Hussii.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, p. 536 sq.

337. “Der xxiii. Psalm Auff ein Abend uber Tisch nach dem Gratias ausgelegt.” Erl. ed., 39, pp. 62-122.

338. Preface and Postscript to “Joan. Nannii Viterbensis, De monarchia Papæ.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 2, pp. 110-121.

339. Disputations for the promotion of Jakob Schenk and Philip Moth. “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 417-419; Drews, pp. 100-109.

340. “Artickel so da hetten sollen auffs Concilion zu Mantua,” etc. (publ. 1538). Erl. ed., 25, pp. 110-146; 25², pp. 169-205.

341. Disputation “De homine.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 413-416; Drews, pp. 90-96.

“Enarratio” on Joel, Amos, Obedias, cp. No. 160. Sermons. Weim. ed., 41, pp. 493-763; Erl. ed., 19², pp. 243-259. Letters, Enders, 10, p. 283—11, p. 151; Erl. ed., 55, pp. 117-167; 56, pp. 199-206, xxxvii. f.

1537. Ferdinand’s defeat in Slavonia. Paul the Third’s Bull on the Turkish question (July 14). Bugenhagen helps in the conversion of Denmark to Protestantism. Luther’s so-called Schmalkalden Articles sent by him to the Elector (Jan. 3). The Schmalkalden Meeting (Feb.). Luther is taken ill and returns home. The Princes decide to have nothing to do with the Council. They accept the Augsburg Confession and the “Apologia.” The Schmalkaldeners call on the King of France for help (March 5). Melanchthon’s “De potestate papæ.” Luther returns sound to Wittenberg (March 14). Cordatus opposes Melanchthon. The cleavage between Luther and Melanchthon is carefully veiled. On Oct. 8 the Council is summoned to meet at Vicenza on May 1, 1538. Efforts of Bucer and others to promote a Protestant Council. Luther’s spiritual indisposition.

342. Sermon on Mt. iv. 1 ff. Erl. ed., 17, pp. 7-34; 19², pp. 260-292.

343. “Die drey Symbola oder Bekentniss des Glaubens Christi jnn der Kirchen einträchtiglich gebraucht.” Erl. ed., 23, pp. 252-281.

344. (1537-1538). Exposition of John xiv.-xvi. (publ. 1538). Weim. ed., 46, pp. 1-112; Erl. ed., 49, pp. 2-391; 50, pp. 1-154.

345. Disputations of Peter Palladius and Tilemann Schnabel. “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 394-397; Drews, pp. 115-160.

346. Discourse at the promotion of Peter Palladius. “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 315-322.

347. “Disputatio de cœna magna (i.e. de veste nuptiali).” “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, p. 419; Drews, pp. 163-245.

348. (1537-1539). Exposition of John i.-iv. (publ. 1565 and 1847). Weim. ed., 46, p. 538 ff.; Erl. ed., 45, pp. 291-422; 46, pp. 1-378; 47, pp. 1-226.

349. (1537-1539). Sermons on Mt. xviii. 24-xxiii. 23. Erl. ed., 44; 45, pp. 1-203.

350. “Eines aus den hohen Artikeln des Bepstlichen Glaubens genant Donatio Constantini.” Erl. ed., 25, pp. 176-201; 25², pp. 207-232.

351. “Bulla papæ Pauli” (publ. in “Zeitschr. für luth. Theol.,” 1876, p. 362 ff.).

352 Exposition of Ps. viii. (publ. 1572). Erl. ed., 39, pp. 2-60.

353. Preface to “Ein alt Christlich Concilium … zu Gangra.” Erl. ed., 64, p. 57 f.

354. “Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo an die Heiligen Veter inn dem vermeinten Concilio zu Mantua.” Erl. ed., 25, pp. 202-218; 25², pp. 232-249.

355. Postscript to “Tres epistolæ I. Hussii.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, p. 536 sq.

356. “Præfatio in epistolas quasdam Hussii.” Erl. ed., 65, pp. 59-83; “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 538-540.

357. First disputation against the Antinomians (Dec. 18). “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 420-427; Drews, pp. 249-333.

358. Hymns “Erhalt uns Herr bey deinem Wort,” “Vater unser im Himelreich.” Erl. ed., 56, pp. 354, 351 f.

359. “Conciunculæ cuidam amico præscriptæ.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 374-433.

Further Sermons, Erl. ed., 19², pp. 260-466. Letters, Enders, 11, pp. 152-320; Erl. ed., 55, pp. 167-195; 56, pp. 206-208, xxxix. f.

1538. The Truce of Nice between the Kaiser and François I (June 15). Luther in conflict with the Antinomianism of Agricola (1537-1540). His quarrels with Lemnius, Schenk and Joh. von Metzsch. His antagonism to Albert of Mayence. The assembly of the Protestants at Brunswick (April 8). The Schmalkaldeners enter into a league with Christian III of Denmark (April 9). They send missions to the Kings of France and England (Aug., Oct.). The strength of the League in Germany increases the danger of a religious war. The Kaiser (aided by his vice-chancellor Held) succeeds in inducing the Catholic princes to form the so-called Holy Alliance at Nuremberg (June 10). Calvin is banished from Geneva.

360. Revised edition of the “Unterricht,” cp. No. 229.

361. “Ratschlag eins ausschus etlicher Cardinel,” etc. Erl. ed., 25, pp. 146-174; 25², pp. 251-278.

362. “Præfatio in librum S. Hieronymi ad Evagrium de potestate papæ.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 541-544.

363. “Brieff … wider die Sabbather.” Erl. ed., 31, pp. 417-449.

364. “Der cx. Psalm Dixit Dominus gepredigt und ausgelegt.” Erl. ed., 40, pp. 39-192.

365. First answer to the “Epigrammata” of Simon Lemnius. Erl. ed., 64, p. 323 f.

366. Second disputation against the Antinomians (Jan. 12). “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 427-430; Drews, pp. 336-418.

367. Third disputation against the Antinomians (Sept. 13). “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 436-441; Drews, pp. 423-484.

368. “Præfatio in Confessionem Bohemorum.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 548-551.

369. “Wider den Bischoff zu Magdeburg Albrecht Cardinal.” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 15-59.

370. Preface to Rhau’s “Symphoniæ.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 7, pp. 551-554.

371. “Frau Musica,” to Joh. Walther’s “Lob und Preis der Himlischen Kunst Musica.” Erl. ed., 56, p. 295 f.

372. Sermons. Weim. ed., 46, pp. 113-537; Erl. ed., 20², 1, pp. 1-171.

The Schmalkalden Articles, cp. No. 340. Æsop’s Fables, cp. No. 273. The Three Creeds, cp. No. 343. Exposition of Ps. li., cp. No. 300. Lecture on the Song of Songs, cp. No. 265. Sermons on John xiv.-xvi., cp. No. 344. Further Sermons, cp. Nos. 344, 348 f., 372. Letters, Enders, 11, pp. 321—12, p. 61; Erl. ed., 55, pp. 195-216; 56, pp. 208-220, xl.-xlv.

1539. Death of Duke George (April 17). Apostasy of Joachim II. The Duchy of Saxony, the Electorate of Brandenburg, and Livonia become Protestant. Memorandum of Luther and Melanchthon to Elector Johann Frederick, in favour of armed resistance. The Frankfurt meeting of the Protestants (April 19); their decision not to appeal as yet to force and to promote a simple conference rather than a Council; a new mission dispatched to England (April 29). The Protestant Visitation of the Duchy of Saxony. Luther and his friends again at work (1539-1541) revising the German Bible. The Consistories established in the Saxon Electorate. The Hessian “Order of Church-Discipline.” In England, dissolution of the Monasteries. Luther’s disputation on the “Papal Werewolf” (May 9). He sanctions the Bigamy of Philip II (Nov. 10).

373. “Wider die Antinomer.” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 2-14.

374. “Von den Conciliis und Kirchen.” Erl. ed., 25, pp. 219-388; 25², pp. 281-448.

375. Sermon at Leipzig on Jo. xiv. 23 ff. (publ. 1618). Erl. ed., 20², 1, pp. 242-253.

376. Disputation on Mt. xix. 21 (Vade, vende, etc.). “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 442-449; Drews, pp. 536-584.

377. Preface to Myconius’s “Wie man die einfeltigen … im Christenthumb unterrichten sol.” Erl. ed., 63, p. 364 f.

378. Preface to a work of Moibanus, on Ps. xxix. Erl. ed., 63, pp. 342-344.

379. Preface to German version of Galeatius Capella’s “De bello Mediolanensi seu rebus in Italia gestis.” Erl. ed., 63, pp. 354-357.

380. Disputation on “Verbum caro factum est” (Jo. i. 14). “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 458-461; Drews, pp. 487-531.

381. Revision of the German Bible.

382. “An die Pfarherrn wider den Wucher zu predigen.” Erl. ed., 23, pp. 282-338.

383. Preface to the 1st part of his Collected German Works. Erl. ed., 63, pp. 401-406.

384. Sermons. Erl. ed., 20², 1, pp. 172-264.

“Wider den Bischoff,” cp. No. 369. Further Sermons, cp. Nos. 348 f., 384. Letters, Enders, 12, pp. 62-334; Erl. ed., 55, pp. 217-269; 56, pp. 221 ff., xlvi.-l.

1540. Death of Duke William IV of Bavaria. The Jesuits approved by the Pope (Sept. 27); Pierre Favre in Germany. Philip II of Hesse weds his second wife in Melanchthon’s presence (March 4). Luther at the Conference of Eisenach (July 10). Melanchthon’s “miraculous” cure at Weimar; the “Confessio variata.” Meeting at Schmalkalden (March); Catholic worship not to be tolerated. Persecution of Schwenckfeld by the Lutherans. Religious conferences at Hagenau (June) and Worms (Nov. 25-Jan.). Agricola goes to Berlin to the Elector of Brandenburg (Sept.). Morone the Papal Legate complains of the apathy of the German Bishops.

385. Disputation “De divinitate et humanitate Christi” (Feb. 28). “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 461-466; Drews, pp. 586-610.

386. Preface to Robert Barnes’s “Bekantnus des Glaubens … verdeudscht.” Erl. ed., 63, pp. 396-400.

387. New edition of the Winter part of the Church-Postils.

388. Disputation for the promotion of Joach. Mörlin. “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, p. 411 sq.; Drews, pp. 613-636.

“An die Pfarherrn,” cp. No. 382. On the “psalmi graduales,” cp. No. 306. Sermons, Erl. ed., 20², 1, pp. 265-512. Letters, Enders-Kawerau, 12, pp. 335-400; 13, pp. 1-240; Erl. ed., 55, pp. 269-293; 56, pp. 223-227.

1541. The Turks secure their footing in Hungary. Naumburg given over to the Protestants; the Bishop-Elect, Julius von Pflug shut out from his See by the Saxon Elector (Jan.). The Archbishop of Cologne, Hermann von Wied is won over to Protestantism. Accession of Maurice of Saxony (†1553). Philip of Hesse comes to an understanding with Charles V. Jonas goes to Halle to convert it to Protestantism; Schenk at Leipzig. Death of Carlstadt (Dec. 24). Religious conferences of Worms (Jan.) and Ratisbon (April 27-May 22); Diet of Ratisbon and Ratisbon Interim. The Catholic spokesmen: Eck, Julius von Pflug and J. Gropper; the Protestant: Melanchthon, Bucer and Frederick Pistorius. Calvin in supreme power at Geneva (till 1564).

389. “Wider Hans Worst.” Erl. ed., 26, pp. 2-75; 26², pp. 21-93.

390. Preface to Ezechiel, explanation of the figure of the Temple. Erl. ed., 63, pp. 64-74.

391. Exposition of Dan. xii. Erl. ed., 41, pp. 294-324.

392. “Vermanunge zum Gebet wider den Türcken.” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 75-99.

393. Preface to Urban Rhegius’s “Wider die gottlosen blutdurstigen Sauliten und Doegeten,” etc. Erl. ed., 63, pp. 366-368.

394. Hymns: “Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam,” “Was furchstu, Feind Herodes, seer.” Erl. ed., 56, p. 353 ff.

Revised edition of the German Bible, cp. No. 385. “Enarratio in Ps. xc.,” cp. No. 322. Letters (Enders), Kawerau, 13, pp. 241-395; De Wette, 5, pp. 326-420; 6, pp. 279-294; Erl. ed., 55, pp. 294-343; 56, pp. 227-232.

1542. Fourth War of Charles V with François I (lasting till 1544); Diet of Spires meets on Feb. 9 to vote supplies for the war against the Turks. The Elector and Duke of Saxony fall out over Wurzen (March); Luther’s mediation; his last will (Jan. 6). Amsdorf is “consecrated” Bishop of Naumburg (Jan. 20). A Bull dated May 22 summons the Council to assemble on Nov. 1 at Trent. The Schmalkaldeners are successful in their attack on the Duchy of Brunswick (July). Bucer goes to Bonn to the Elector Hermann von Wied (Dec.).

395. Tract against Bigamy (publ. 1749). Erl. ed., 65, pp. 206-213.

396. Disputation for the promotion of Joh. Macchabæus Scotus (Theses by Melanchthon). Drews, pp. 639-683.

397. “Exempel einen rechten Christlichen Bischoff zu weihen.” Erl. ed., 26, pp. 77-107; 26², pp. 94-128.

398. Disputation for the promotion of H. Schmedenstede. “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 452-455; Drews, pp. 686-698.

399. “Von den Jüden und jren Lügen.” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 100-274.

400. Preface to “Verlegung des Alcoran Bruder Richardi Prediger Ordens anno 1300.” Erl. ed., 65, pp. 190-205.

401. Preface to “Barfuser Münche Eulenspiegel und Alcoran.” Erl. ed., 63, pp. 373-376.

402. “Trost fur die Weibern welchen es ungerat gegangen ist mit Kinder geberen.” Erl. ed., 23, pp. 339-343.

403. Preface to the Hymn Book. Erl. ed., 56, pp. 299-306.

Comment. on Micheas, cp. No. 160. No sermons. Letters, De Wette, 5, pp. 421-525; 6, pp. 294-343; Erl. ed., 56, pp. 1-43, 232-238, li.-lvii.

1543. Diet of Nuremberg (Feb.). The Protestants refuse to vote supplies for the Turkish War. The Emperor is victorious in his campaign against the Duke of Cleves though the latter is supported by the Elector of Saxony and by France (Aug., Sept.). The Bishop of Münster and Osnabrück connives at the introduction of Lutheranism into his diocese. Canisius the first German Jesuit (May 8). Death of Eck (Feb. 10). Schenk in Brandenburg; The Cologne Book of Reform drafted by Melanchthon and Bucer is severely handled by Luther.

404. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 275-358.

405. “Von den Letzten Worten Dauids.” Erl. ed., 37, pp. 2-103.

406. Disputation for the promotion of Joh. Marbach (Feb. 16). Drews, pp. 701-707.

407. Disputation for the promotion of Fr. Bachofen and Hier. Noppus. “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 466-470; Drews, pp. 730-748.

408. Disputation for the promotion of Erasmus Alber. “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 473-476; Drews, pp. 750-752.

409. Lecture on Is. ix. (publ. 1546). “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 23, pp. 303-438.

410. Hymns: “Von Himel kam der Engel Schar,” “Der du bist drey in Einigkeit.” Erl. ed., 56, pp. 357-558.

New edition of the German Bible, cp. No. 381. Church-Postils, Summer part. Sermon, Erl. ed., 20², 1, pp. 513-523. Letters, De Wette, 5, pp. 526-614, 6, pp. 343-559; Erl. ed., 56, pp. 43-72, 238-242, lvii.-lxi.

1544. Peace of Crespy between the Kaiser and France (Sept. 18). Diet at Spires (beginning in Feb.). Concessions to the Protestants. The Abschied of June 10 postpones the religious controversy to a later Diet and “A free Christian Council within the German Nation.” The Pope’s protest to the Kaiser (Aug. 24). Luther again at daggers drawn with the lawyers (on the question of secret espousals). The people of Cologne denounce their Archbishop to the Pope (Oct. 9). The theses of the Louvain theologians against Luther (Nov. 6). The Council is yet again summoned (Nov. 19, to meet on March 15, 1545) to avert the schism and the inroads of the Turks.

411. Lecture on Is. liii. (publ. 1550). “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 23, pp. 443-536.

412. Disputation for the promotion of Theod. Fabricius and Stanislaus Rapagelanus (Melanchthon’s Theses). Drews, pp. 756-781.

413. “Kurtz Bekentnis vom heiligen Sacrament.” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 397-425.

414. Sermon at the Dedication of the Castle-church at Torgau. Erl. ed., 17, pp. 239-262; 20², 2, pp. 215-243.

415. Disputation for the promotion of George Major and Joh. Faber. “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 470-473; Drews, pp. 784-830.

Home-Postils, cp. No. 308. “Enarratio in I. librum Mosis,” cp. No. 328. Sermons, Erl. ed., 20², 2, pp. 1-266. Letters, De Wette, 5, pp. 615-709; 6, pp. 359-367; Erl. ed., 56, pp. 72-122, 242-244.

1545. Diet of Worms. The Abschied hints at a religious conference and the imminent danger of a War of Religion. George, the Protestant Prince of Anhalt, is “consecrated as Evangelical Bishop” of Merseburg (Aug. 2). The “Wittenberg Reformation” (Jan.). The final edition of the German Bible. “Popery Pictured.” Luther goes in disgust to Leipzig (July, Aug.). Goes as arbiter to Mansfeld (Oct.). Duke Henry of Brunswick is taken prisoner by the Schmalkaldeners (Oct. 20). A final Bull of Dec. 4 convokes the Council to Trent for Dec. 13, where it is opened in the presence of 34 Fathers qualified to vote. The Schmalkaldeners’ meeting (Dec. 15) at Frankfurt to devise a counterblast. Death of Spalatin (Jan. 16) and of Albert of Mayence (Sept. 24).

416. “Wider das Bapstum zu Rom vom Teuffel gestifft.” Erl. ed., 26, pp. 110-228; 26², pp. 131, 251.

417. Verses to Cranach’s cuts in the “Abbildung des Bapstum.”

418. “Wellische Lügenschrifft von Doctoris Martini Luthers Todt zu Rom ausgangen.” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 426-430.

419. “Bapst Trew Hadriani iiii und Alexanders iii gegen Keyser Friderichen Barbarossa geübt.” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 359-396.

420. Disputation for the promotion of Peter Hegemon (July 3). “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 476-480; Drews, pp. 833-903.

421. “Wider die xxxii Artikel der Teologisten von Löven.” Erl. ed., 65, pp. 170-178.

422. “Articuli a magistris nostris Lovaniensibus editi.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 4, pp. 480-492.

423. “An Kurfursten zu Sachsen und Landgraven zu Hesse von dem gefangenen H. von Brunswig.” Erl. ed., 26, pp. 229-253; 26², pp. 254-281.

424. Preface to the new edition of the “Unterricht” (No. 360).

425. Preface to the first vol. of his “Opera Latina.” “Opp. lat. var.,” 1, pp. 15-24.

German Bible, new ed., cp. No. 381. “Enarratio in Hoseam prophetam,” cp. No. 160. Sermons, Erl. ed., 20², 2, pp. 267-454. Letters, De Wette, 5, pp. 710-772; 6, pp. 368-413; Erl. ed., 56, pp. 122-147, 244, xli.-lxv.

1546. The Diet opens at Ratisbon (March 29) without the Schmalkalden Leaguers. Luther’s last journey to Mansfeld (Jan. 23). His death at Eisleben (Feb. 18) and burial at Wittenberg (Feb. 22).—Treaty between the Kaiser and King Ferdinand, and Duke William of Bavaria in view of the eventual war (June 7). The Kaiser also makes an alliance with the Pope (June 7) and comes to an agreement with Maurice of Saxony (June 19). Schärtlin as commander of the South German townships begins hostilities at Füssen (July 9). Outlawry of Elector Johann Frederick of Saxony and of Landgrave Philip of Hesse (July 20). The Schmalkalden War (ending in the Kaiser’s victory at Mühlberg, April 24, 1547).

426. Sermons. Erl. ed., 20², 2, pp. 455-574.

Letters, De Wette, 5, pp. 773-801; 6, p. 413 f.; Erl. ed., 56, pp. 147-165.

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XLII—APPENDIX II
ADDITIONS AND EMENDATIONS

[In the following Appendix we have ruthlessly excised all that seemed to us merely personal and to have no direct bearing on Luther. Many of the smaller emendations have already been incorporated in their proper place in the body of this translation. Note of the English Editor.]