LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

The Caravels of Columbus[Frontispiece]
FACING PAGE
An Egyptian Boat of 6000 B. C.[3]
A Large Egyptian Ship of the 18th Dynasty[5]
A Peruvian Balsa[7]
An African Dugout[9]
An Eskimo Umiak[11]
An Eskimo Kayak[13]
A Birch-bark Canoe[15]
An Outrigger Canoe[17]
A Phœnician Bireme[19]
A Greek Trireme[21]
Seating Arrangement of Rowers in a Greek Trireme[25]
An early 16th-Century Ship[27]
A Mediterranean Galley[31]
An Egyptian Boat of the 5th Dynasty[35]
An Egyptian Ship of the 12th Dynasty[37]
A Roman Ship[39]
A Viking Ship[41]
A 13th-Century English Ship[43]
A Galleon of the Time of Elizabeth[45]
The Amaranthe[49]
A 16th-Century Dutch Boat[51]
A Corvette of 1780[53]
A British East Indiaman[57]
A Black Ball Packet[59]
A Whaling Bark[61]
The Red Jacket[63]
The Great Republic[65]
The Ariel, 1866[67]
A Gloucester Fisherman[69]
An American Coasting Schooner[71]
The Charlotte Dundas[77]
Robert Fulton’s Clermont[79]
The Savannah[81]
The Great Britain[83]
The Great Eastern[85]
The Steamship Oceanic[89]
The Deutschland[93]
The Majestic[97]
The Leviathan[99]
The Berengaria[101]
The Mauretania[105]
The Belgenland[107]
The George Washington[111]
The Homeric[115]
A Mail Liner[119]
An American Intermediate Liner[121]
A Cargo Liner[123]
A Tramp Steamer[125]
An Oil Tanker[129]
A Turret Steamer[131]
A Whaleback[135]
A Great Lakes Freight Carrier[137]
An English Warship of the Time of Henry V[141]
A British Line-of-Battle Ship, 1790[143]
The American Frigate Constitution[145]
A Steam Frigate—the U. S. S. Hartford[146]
The Monitor[147]
The Merrimac[149]
A Torpedo Boat[151]
H. M. S. Dreadnaught[153]
A Submarine[155]
A Modern Destroyer[157]
A Modern Super-dreadnaught[159]
A Battle Cruiser[161]
A Scout Cruiser[163]
An Airplane View of the U. S. S. Langley[165]
A Map of the Port of New York[169]
A Map of the Port of Liverpool[171]
A Map of the Port of Rio de Janeiro[173]
A Map of the Port of Cape Town[175]
A Map of the Port of Marseilles[177]
A Tug Boat[179]
A New York Harbour Ferry[181]
A New York Harbour Lighter[183]
A Mississippi River Stern-wheeler[185]
A Modern Venetian Cargo Boat[187]
A Page of Knots in Common Use[193]
Bearings and Points of Sailing[195]
How a Fore-and-Aft Sail Is Reefed[197]
A Freighter Tied Up to a Pier[199]
A Few Types of Sailing Ships Common in European and American Waters[201]
A Few Types of Sailing Boats to Be Found Around the World[203]
The Rigging of a Three-masted Ship[209]
The Sails of a Four-masted Ship[213]
Using a Cross Staff[217]
Using an Astrolabe[221]
A Sextant in Use, and a Ship’s Log[225]
Using a Pelorus[229]
Sounding by Machine[233]
The Pharos at Alexandria[237]
The Tillamook Rock Light Station[239]
Cape Race Lighthouse[241]
Minot’s Ledge Light[243]
Bishop Rock Lighthouse[245]
Fire Island Lightship[247]
Automatic Buoys[249]
A Ship on the Ways[253]
A Floating Dry Dock[255]
The Olympic[259]
The Aquitania[263]
The Paris[265]
The Spray[281]
The Detroit[283]
A Reconstruction of One of Caligula’s Galleys[284]
A European Side-wheeler[285]
A Hudson River Steamer[287]
A Steam Yacht[289]
An Experiment of 1924[291]