GENERAL STEVENS’s DESCENDANTS.

1. Hazard, born in Newport, R.I., June 9, 1842.

2. Julia Virginia, born in Newport, June 27, 1844, died in Bucksport, Me., December 7, 1845.

3. Susan, born in Bucksport, November 20, 1846; married Richard Isaac Eskridge, United States Army, in Portland, Oregon, October 27, 1870.

4. Gertrude Maude, born in Bucksport, April 29, 1850.

5. Kate, born in Washington, D.C., November 17, 1852; married Edward Wingard Bingham, in Boston, Mass., February 18, 1886.

Grandchildren, Children of Richard Isaac Eskridge and Susan Stevens Eskridge.

1. Maud, born at Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory, August 21, 1871; married Edward Pennington Pearson, United States Army, at Fort Reno, Oklahoma Territory, April 16, 1898.

2. Richard Stevens, born at Yuma Depot, Arizona Territory, October 24, 1872.

3. Hazard Stevens, born at Yuma Depot, February 24, 1874; died at Fort D.A. Russell, Wyoming Territory, October 12, 1874.

4. Virginia, born at Fort D.A. Russell, March 2, 1875.

5. Oliver Stevens, born in Boston, Mass., October 12, 1876.

6. Mary Peyton, born at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, March 28, 1878; married Charles McKinley Saltzman, United States Army, in Boston, May 9, 1899.

THE MONUMENT

APPENDIX

Following are the marginal notes on the

MAP

of the Indian Nations and Tribes of the Territory of Washington, and of the Territory of Nebraska west of the mouth of the Yellowstone. Sent to the Hon. George W. Manypenny, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, with letter of this date.

Isaac I. Stevens,
Governor and Supt. Indian Affairs.

Olympia, Washington Territory, April 30, 1857.

Tabular Statement of the Indians East of the Cascade Mountains, etc.

Name and Date of TreatiesNames of TribesPopulation.Reservations.Temporary Encampments.
Treaty with the Yakima Nation concluded at Walla Walla, June, 1855.Pisquouse.
Yakimas.
Pshawm wappam.		600
700
500		Simcoe and the adjoining country and forks of the We-nat-scha-pan, or Pisquouse River.About 150 of these tribes are encamped in the vicinity of Simcoe River.
Bands on Columbia.
Klikitats.
Palouses.		100
500
600		 Opposite the Dalles, Oregon.
White Salmon River.
3900
Walla Walla treaty, concluded June, 1855.Nez Perces.3300On the Snake and Clearwater Rivers.
Treaty with the Flathead Nation, concluded June, 1855.Flatheads.
Upper Pend Oreilles.
Kootenays.		500
700
500		Flathead River.
1700
Tribes with whom no treaties have been made.Cœur d’Alenes.
Lower Pend Oreilles.
Colvilles.
Okinakanes.
Spokanes.
450
450
500
600
1100
3100
Total number of Indians east of the Cascade Mountains12,000
Treaties have been made with8,900
Number with whom treaties have not been made3,100
Largest number held on temporary reservations3,000

Written on upper central margin in Governor Stevens’s handwriting:—

Total number of Indians west of the Cascade Mountains9,712
Total number of Indians east of the Cascade Mountains12,000
Total number of Indians, Territory of Washington21,712
Treaties have been made with17,497
Treaties remain to be made with4,215

Tabular Statement of the Indians West of the Cascade Mountains, showing Tribes, Population, Parties to the several Treaties, Reservations provided for in the Treaties, and Temporary Encampments.

Name and Date of TreatiesNames of TribesPopulation.Reservations.Temporary Encampments.
Treaty of Medicine Creek, December 26, 1854Quaks-na-mish,
Nisqually,
Puy-all-up.		1200Klah-che-min Island,
Near mouth of Nisqually River.
Near mouth of Puy-all-up River.		Klah-che-min Island.
Fox Island.
Treaty of Point Elliott,, January 22, 1855.Duwamish,,
Suquamish,
and allied tribes..		 942Noo-soh-te-um,near Port Madison, and at Muckleshoot.Dunginess Point.
Fort Kitsap.
Sno-qual-moo,
Sno-ho-mish,
and allied tribes..		1700Te-wilt-sch-da, north side Sno-ho-mish River.Skagit Head, on Whitby Island.
Skagits and
and allied tribes.		1300S.E. end Perry (or Fidalgo) Island.
Lummi,
Nook-Sahk,
Sa-mish.		1050Chah-choo-sa Island, at mouth of Lummi River.Penn’s Cove, on Whitby Island.
4992
Treaty of Point-No-Point, January 25, 1855.Clallams,
Skokomish,
Chem-a-kum.		926
290
100		 Head of Hood’s
Canal. 		Penn’s Cove, on Whitby Island.
1316
Treaty of Neah Bay, January 31, 1855.Ma-kahs.596Cape Flattery.
Treaty of Olympia.Quinaiult,
Kwilleyute.		493Reservation to be selected by the President.
Quinaiult River and land set apart.
Tribes with whom treaties have not been made.Lower Chehalis.
Upper Chehalis.
217
216
S.S. Ford’s on the Chehalis River.
Cowlitz and Tia-tin-a-pan.
Lower Chinooks.
Upper Chinooks.
240
112
330		 Near Cowlitz Landing.
Removed to White Salmon.
Vancouver and Cascades.
1115
Total number of Indians west of Cascade Mountains9712
Number with whom treaties have been made8597
Number with whom treaties have yet to be made1115
Largest number held on temporary reservations5686

All have been assisted during the war. The parties to the treaties of Neah Bay and Olympia, the Lower Chehalis and Lower Chinooks, have required but little assistance at the hands of the Department.

Notes of the Indians of the Territory of Nebraska between the Rocky Mountains and Mouth of the Yellowstone.

The Blackfoot Nation are in four tribes, viz., Piegans, Bloods, Blackfeet, Gros Ventres, and number 11,500 souls.

The map shows the hunting-grounds, secured exclusively to the Blackfeet in the treaty, at the mouth of the Judith, concluded October 17, 1855; the hunting-ground common to the Blackfeet and Western Indians, the Blackfeet and Assiniboines; the western and southern boundaries of the Assiniboine country; and the western boundary of the Crow country.

The Western Indians, Flatheads, Pend Oreilles, and a portion of the Kootenays, generally make two hunts a year east of the Rocky Mountains, and they depend for their lodges, parfleches, apechinos, and much of their meat upon these hunts. They get some of their supplies by trade with the Blackfeet. The Indians of the western tribes, as the Spokanes and Cœur d’Alenes, “go to buffalo,” but not in as large numbers or with as much regularity as the preceding.

The Nez Perces generally have a large camp—over one hundred lodges—either on the common hunting-grounds or in the Crow country. Their hunters always pass one winter, and sometimes two winters, in succession, east of the mountains before they return to their own country.

Census of the Blackfoot Nation.

Tribes.Number of Lodges.Population.
Piegans.3403,150
Bloods.2902,690
Blackfeet.2902,690
Gros Ventres.3602,970
128011,500

INDEX

[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z]

The Riverside Press
Electrotyped and printed by H.O. Houghton & Co.
Cambridge, Mass, U.S.A.

Footnotes

[1] A census of all the tribes in the Territory, returned with Governor Stevens’s report and map of April 30, 1857, is given in the [Appendix].

[2] Numbers and names of all these tribes as given in tabular statement or census, in Governor Stevens’s map and report of April 30, 1857, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, now on file in Indian Bureau. See [Appendix].

[3] Pisquouse or Wenatchee, 600; Yakimas, 700; Ps-hawn-appan, 500; Columbia River bands, 1000; Palouses, 600; Klikitats, 500.

[4] Letter to author; Report of J. Ross Browne, H. Doc., p. 38, 1st session, 35th Congress; Swan’s Three Years, Washington Territory, pp. 324–425; Speech of Governor Stevens, 1st session, 35th Congress, Congressional Globe, vol. 37, pp. 490–494.

[5] Speech of Governor Stevens, 1st session, 35th Congress, Congressional Globe, vol. 37, p. 490.

[6] Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1899, pp. 147, 148, 297, 298, 304, 612, 618, 626, 628.

[7] Now known as the Missoula Valley and River.

[8] Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1899, pp. 192–194, 620.

[9] Now occupied by the thriving town, Missoula.

[10] Bancroft, vol. xxvi. p. 143.

[11] In this cartoon two settlers in roughest costumes, slouch hats, woolen shirts, huge muddy boots with trousers tucked into them, and long, unkempt hair and beard, are represented standing in front of a log-hut in the woods, while in the distance appears a building, having over the door the sign “Quartermaster’s Office,” from which a man is being kicked into the street.

“First Pike. That’s pretty rough, Bill, yanking a man out of office like that, without giving him ary show or trial.

“Second Pike. Well, the governor’s generally about right, and he’s dead right this time, you bet.”

[12] Major Granville O. Haller, in an article on the San Juan affair, states that immediately on receipt of news of the action of the British he was sent with his company by Colonel Casey from Steilacoom to San Juan, ostensibly as a guard against northern Indians, but with instructions to confer with Pickett, and if he needed aid, to land and assume command. On reaching the scene of action he was closely questioned by the British officers as to the latest news from the east,—the American mail had just brought news of the battle of Solferino,—for their mails were delayed, and they were somewhat restrained by the reflection that their government might have already relinquished the archipelago, and advices of it not yet arrived. Major Haller remained on his vessel a few days, probably not wishing to precipitate a conflict by forcing a landing, but did land soon afterwards.

[13] Alexander H. Stephens, The War Between the States, vol. ii. p. 276.

[14] The accounts for this vast sum were all found correct, and were all passed by the accounting officers of the treasury, except some of the expenditures on the exploration, and it is instructive to note these items as an example of how great injustice the rigid rules, or notions of accounting officials, ofttimes inflict upon the most scrupulous and careful officers. Governor Stevens was charged with a balance of $8856.14, the largest item in which ($2626) consisted of the payment to ten regular officers on the exploration of one dollar per diem each, while engaged in topographical duty, according to an established regulation. Other items were for payments for subsistence and transportation; for compensation paid civil employees; for interest on the protested drafts, which were necessary to continue the survey, and for which Congress made appropriation; for articles and animals necessarily lost or worn out in so widespread and extended a service; and even for recompense paid certain of the party who had to abandon their clothing and effects in the mountains in a snowstorm. No compensation was ever allowed Governor Stevens for his services in conducting the exploration and preparing his final report. Although the disallowed items were referred to Captain A.A. Humphreys (General Humphreys) for examination, and he reported in favor of Governor Stevens, and recommended the allowance of nearly every item, no action was taken before the latter fell at the battle of Chantilly, the following year. Since then application has been made to Congress, resulting in one bill passing the House and another the Senate at different times, but neither passed both branches. And General Stevens, after serving his country so faithfully, and accomplishing so much in her behalf, is accounted a debtor to the government.

[15] Governor Alexander S. Abernethy writes the following anecdote of Governor Stevens. Meeting him just before starting East, the governor said that he had told the Southern gentlemen, with whom he had been associated in the Democratic Executive Committee and in the convention, that, if a war should result from the action they had taken, he would be found supporting the government against them. “And,” said he, “I am going to Washington at once, and shall offer the President my sword and my services as long as this war shall last.”

[16] The author was General Stevens’s chief of staff, and was confidentially informed and employed by him in all the details of this plan of campaign against Charleston, and of the scouts by Captain Elliott and others. Since the war he has gone over the whole matter with General Thomas W. Sherman, who expressed the utmost confidence in the proposed movement, and his lasting regret that he was deprived of the opportunity of carrying it out.

[17] The Confederate major, Pressley, who went over the ground just after the assault to be related in the next chapter, thus describes Fort Lamar, in Southern Historical Society Papers, vol. xvi.: “The work across the neck of the Secessionville peninsula was about fifty yards in length, and was a very well-constructed line of intrenchments. The ramparts were about fifteen feet from the level of the ground. There was a ditch in front about ten to fifteen feet in width. The exterior slope was so nearly perpendicular that it was impossible to get up in front without scaling-ladders. The enemy were not provided with these.”

[18] See Rebellion Records, vol. xiv.; History of the 79th Highlanders, by William Todd; Major Pressley, in Southern Historical Society Papers, vol. xvi., Major John Johnson’s Defense of Charleston Harbor.

[19] John C. Ropes, Army under Pope, pp. 193–199, gives Pope 71,000; Lee, 54,268. General Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, gives Pope 54,500; Lee, 53,000. Colonel William Allen, Army of Northern Virginia, puts “Lee’s strength at 47,000 to 55,000; say over 50,000.”

[20] The reports of Jackson and his subordinates indulge in much exaggeration as to driving the Union forces in their front, but Longstreet, with more truth, states in his book, p. 189, that “Jackson failed to pull up even on the left.”

[21] Statement of Colonel Charles McClure, of Patrick’s staff.

[22] H.H. Bancroft’s History of Washington.

[23] Anonymous, from Boston Commonwealth.