APPENDICES
| I: | METHODOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS |
| II: | TABLES |
APPENDIX I
Methodology and Definitions
The method used in the Town and Country Surveys of the Interchurch World Movement and of the Committee on Social and Religious Surveys differs from the method of earlier surveys in this field chiefly in the following particulars:
1. “Rural” was defined as including all population living outside incorporated places of over 5,000. Previous surveys usually excluded all places of 2,500 population or over, which follows the United States Census definition of “rural.”
2. The local unit for the assembling of material was the community, regarded, usually, as the trade area of a town or village center. Previous surveys usually took the minor civil division as the local unit. The disadvantage of the community unit is that census and other statistical data are seldom available on that basis, thus increasing both the labor involved and the possibility of error. The great advantage is that it presents its results assembled on the basis of units which have real social significance, which the minor civil division seldom has. This advantage is considered as more than compensating for the disadvantage.
3. The actual service area of each church as indicated by the residences of its members and adherents was mapped and studied. This was an entirely new departure in rural surveys.
Four chief processes were involved in the actual field work of these surveys:
1. The determination of the community units and of any subsidiary neighborhood units included within them. The community boundaries were ascertained by noting the location of the last family on each road leading out from a given center who regularly traded at that center. These points, indicated on a map, were connected with each other by straight lines. The area about the given center thus enclosed was regarded as the community.
2. The study of the economic, social and institutional life of each community as thus defined.
3. The location of each church in the county, the determination of its parish area, and the detailed study of its equipment, finance, membership, organization, program and leadership.
4. The preparation of a map showing, in addition to the usual physical features, the boundaries of each community, the location, parish area and circuit connections of each church, and the residence of each minister.
The following are the more important definitions used in the making of these surveys and the preparation of the reports:
Geographical
City—A center of over 5,000 population. Not included within the scope of these surveys except as specifically noted.
Town—A center with a population of from 2,501 to 5,000.
Village—A center with a population of from 251 to 2,500.
Hamlet—Any clustered group of people not living on farms whose numbers do not exceed 250.
Open Country—The farming area, excluding hamlets and other centers.
Country—Used in a three-fold division of population included in scope of survey into Town, Village and Country. Includes Hamlets and Open Country.
Town and Country—The whole area covered by these surveys, i.e., all population living outside cities.
Rural—Used interchangeably with Town and Country.
Community—That unit of territory and of population characterized by common social and economic interests and experiences; an “aggregation of people the majority of whose interests have a common center.” Usually ascertained by determining the normal trade area of each given center. The primary social grouping of sufficient size and diversity of interests to be practically self-sufficing in ordinary affairs of business, civil and social life.
Neutral Territory—Any area not definitely included within the area of one community. Usually an area between two or more centers, and somewhat influenced by each, but whose interests are so scattered that it cannot definitely be assigned to the sphere of influence of any one center.
Neighborhood—A recognizable social grouping having certain interests in common, but dependent for certain elemental needs upon some adjacent center within the community area of which it is located.
Rural Industrial—Pertaining to any industry other than farming within the Town and Country area.
Population
Foreigner—Refers to foreign-born and native-born of foreign parentage.
New Americans—Usually includes foreign-born and native-born of foreign or mixed parentage, but sometimes refers only to more recent immigration. In each case the exact meaning is clear from the context.
The Church
Parish—The area within which the members and regular attendants of a given church live.
Circuit—Two or more churches combined under the direction of one minister.
Resident Pastor—A church whose minister lives within its parish area is said to have a resident pastor.
Full-time Resident Pastor—A church with a resident pastor who serves no other church, and follows no other occupation than the ministry, is said to have a full-time resident pastor.
Part-time Pastor—A church whose minister either serves another church also, or devotes part of his time to some regular occupation other than the ministry, or both, is said to have a part-time minister.
Non-Resident Member—One carried on the rolls of a given church but living too far away to permit regular attendance; generally, any member living outside the community in which the church is located unless he is a regular attendant.
Inactive Member—One who resides within the parish area of the church, but who neither attends its services nor contributes to its support.
Net Active Membership—The resultant membership of a given church after the number of non-resident and inactive members is deducted from the total on the church roll.
Per Capita Contributions or Expenditures—The total amount contributed or expended, divided by the number of the net active membership.
Budget System—A church which, at the beginning of the fiscal year, makes an itemized forecast of the entire amount of money required for its maintenance during the year as a basis for a canvass of its membership for funds, is said to operate on a budget system with respect to its local finances. If amounts to be raised for denominational or other benevolences are included in the forecast and canvass, it is said to operate on a budget system for all monies raised.
Adequate Financial System—Three chief elements are recognized in an adequate financial system: a budget system, an annual every-member canvass, and the use of envelopes for the weekly payment of subscriptions.
Receipts—Receipts have been divided under three heads:
a. Subscriptions, that is monies received in payment of annual pledges.
b. Collections, that is money received from free will offerings at public services.
c. All other sources of revenue, chiefly proceeds of entertainments and interest on endowments.
Salary of Minister—Inasmuch as some ministers receive, in addition to their cash salary, the free use of a house while others do not, a comparison of the cash salaries paid is misleading. In all salary comparisons, therefore, the cash value of a free parsonage is arbitrarily stated as $250 a year, and that amount is added to the cash salary of each minister with free parsonage privileges. Thus an average salary stated as $1,450 is equivalent to $1,200 cash and the free use of a house.
APPENDIX II
Tables
I
LAND AND FARM AREA IN THE RANGE COUNTIES ACCORDING TO THE FEDERAL CENSUSES FOR 1910 AND 1920
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | |||||||||||||
| 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | |||||||||
| Approximate land area (acres) | 3,620,480 | 3,020,160 | 485,760 | 485,760 | 1,647,360 | 1,648,000 | 3,436,800 | 3,436,800 | ||||||||
| Land in farms (acres) | 637,009 | 461,315 | 284,907 | 165,069 | 625,796 | 421,543 | 2,515,522 | 814,011 | ||||||||
| Improved land in farms (acres) | 270,603 | 275,530 | 144,237 | 62,531 | 113,385 | 95,368 | 273,748 | 72,630 | ||||||||
| Woodland in farms (acres) | 7,142 | 3,088 | 7,032 | 2,521 | 8,741 | 7,269 | 51,634 | 1,854 | ||||||||
| Other unimproved land in farms (acres) | 359,264 | 182,697 | 133,638 | 100,017 | 503,670 | 318,906 | 2,190,140 | 739,527 | ||||||||
| Per cent. of land area in farms | 17.6 | 15.3 | 58.7 | 34.0 | 38.0 | 25.6 | 73.2 | 23.7 | ||||||||
| Per cent. of farm land improved | 42.5 | 59.7 | 50.6 | 37.9 | 18.1 | 22.6 | 10.9 | 8.9 | ||||||||
| Average acreage per farm | 992.1 | 860.7 | 784.9 | 440.2 | 643.8 | 527.6 | 948.5 | 423.3 | ||||||||
| Average improved acreage per farm | 421.5 | 514.0 | 397.3 | 116.7 | 116.7 | 119.4 | 103.2 | 37.8 | ||||||||
The average acreage per farm in Beaverhead and Sheridan has increased very slightly in the past ten years, while the improved acreage per farm has decreased. In Hughes and Union, however, there is a decided increase in both the acreage per farm and the improved acreage per farm.
II
FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY IN THE RANGE COUNTIES ACCORDING TO THE FEDERAL CENSUSES FOR 1910 AND 1920
| Farms Operated by Owners | Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | ||||||||||||
| 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | |||||||||
| Number of farms | 559 | 456 | 245 | 308 | 734 | 626 | 2,282 | 1,891 | ||||||||
| Per cent. of all farms | 87.1 | 85.1 | 67.5 | 82.1 | 75.5 | 78.3 | 86 | 98.3 | ||||||||
| Land in farms (acres) | 490,453 | 324,248 | 151,684 | 124,686 | 455,057 | 302,076 | 2,043,800 | 716,506 | ||||||||
| Improved land in farms (acres) | 214,638 | 194,592 | 69,052 | 45,675 | 68,729 | 63,631 | 216,881 | 70,047 | ||||||||
| Value of land, buildings (dollars) | 12,753,847 | 6,021,007 | 6,291,101 | 3,136,356 | 10,454,136 | 6,742,704 | 22,052,531 | 3,973,909 | ||||||||
| Number of farmers owning entire farm | 506 | 439 | 165 | 219 | 591 | 503 | 1,670 | 1,822 | ||||||||
| Number of farmers hiring additional land | 53 | 17 | 80 | 89 | 143 | 123 | 612 | 69 | ||||||||
| Color and Nativity of Owners | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of native whites | 385 | 305 | 187 | 224 | 595 | 519 | 2,241 | 1,809 | ||||||||
| Number of foreign-horn whites | 174 | 151 | 47 | 64 | 131 | 105 | 38 | 77 | ||||||||
| Number of non-whites | 0 | 0 | 11 | 20 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 5 | ||||||||
| Farms Operated by Tenants | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of farms | 46 | 55 | 112 | 63 | 198 | 164 | 344 | 22 | ||||||||
| Per cent. of all farms | 7.2 | 10.3 | 30.9 | 16.8 | 20.4 | 20.5 | 13 | 1.1 | ||||||||
| Land in farms (acres) | 42,489 | 43,196 | 117,163 | 34,283 | 86,147 | 108,233 | 292,004 | 14,305 | ||||||||
| Improved land in farms (acres) | 18,536 | 25,565 | 65,200 | 16,136 | 28,832 | 28,922 | 37,362 | 1,705 | ||||||||
| Value of land and buildings (dollars) | 1,410,170 | 1,056,695 | 3,459,605 | 933,680 | 3,663,700 | 2,616,525 | 3,424,668 | 88,840 | ||||||||
| Color and Nativity of Tenants | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of native whites | 37 | 38 | 396 | 57 | 173 | 150 | 289 | 20 | ||||||||
| Number of foreign-born whites | 9 | 15 | 141 | 6 | 24 | 12 | 54 | 2 | ||||||||
| Number of non-whites | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||
| Farms operated by managers | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of farms | 37 | 25 | 6 | 4 | 40 | 9 | 26 | 10 | ||||||||
| Land in farms (acres) | 104,067 | 93,871 | 16,060 | 6,100 | 84,592 | 11,234 | 179,718 | 83,200 | ||||||||
| Improved land in farms (acres) | 37,429 | 55,373 | 9,985 | 720 | 15,824 | 2,815 | 19,505 | 878 | ||||||||
| Value of land and buildings (dollars) | 2,900,920 | 1,520,630 | 352,500 | 103,560 | 2,483,650 | 240,200 | 1,834,472 | 306,210 | ||||||||
As is usual in districts that have been homesteaded, the proportion of ownership is high. But because of absentee ownership, land companies operating over large areas and high taxes, the rate of tenancy is increasing.
III
ACREAGE AND VALUE OF CULTIVATED CROPS IN THE RANGE COUNTIES ACCORDING TO FEDERAL CENSUSES FOR 1910 AND 1920
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | |||||||||||||
| Cereals | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | ||||||||
| Corn | 10,740 | 4,352 | 292 | 200 | 51,077 | 3,220 | ||||||||||
| Oats | 4,118 | 15,255 | 2,891 | 3,684 | 2,916 | 8,043 | 2,819 | 431 | ||||||||
| Wheat | 2,157 | 763 | 4,499 | 3,761 | 11,466 | 9,898 | 14,094 | 377 | ||||||||
| Barley | 903 | 225 | 1,560 | 131 | 801 | 1,601 | 552 | 3 | ||||||||
| Rye | 47 | 96 | 962 | 96 | 93 | 224 | 618 | 10 | ||||||||
| Hay and Forage | ||||||||||||||||
| All tame and cultivated crops | 36,243 | 26,996 | 4,667 | 827 | 35,067 | 35,766 | 7,925 | 2,688 | ||||||||
| Special Crops | ||||||||||||||||
| Potatoes | 198 | 408 | 219 | 272 | 267 | 808 | 619 | 157 | ||||||||
| All other vegetables | 9 | 87 | 25 | 132 | 35 | 367 | 142 | 365 | ||||||||
| Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | |||||||||
| Value of all crops | $3,883,480 | $1,529,830 | $1,141,939 | $ 225,315 | $1,655,937 | $1,108,967 | $5,198,986 | $ 295,293 | ||||||||
| Cereals | 200,733 | 414,539 | 539,471 | 78,654 | 335,719 | 368,205 | 3,050,879 | 84,410 | ||||||||
| Hay and forage | 3,597,990 | 1,080,093 | 505,323 | 103,592 | 1,036,246 | 596,473 | 1,092,554 | 152,494 | ||||||||
| Vegetables | 80,421 | 33,622 | 49,673 | 15,336 | 109,670 | 110,087 | 110,700 | 18,687 | ||||||||
| Dairy products | 64,083 | 41,176 | 71,379 | 29,162 | 174,759 | 85,512 | 313,632 | 18,230 | ||||||||
The most important crops are hay and forage in Beaverhead and Sheridan; in Union cereal crops; in Hughes, both in nearly equal proportions. Dairying is a comparatively new development.
IV
URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION OF THE RANGE COUNTIES ACCORDING TO THE FEDERAL CENSUSES FOR 1910 AND 1920
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Distribution of population: | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | 1920 | 1910 | ||||||||||
| Rural population | 4,668 | 6,446 | 2,502 | 2,615 | 9,007 | 7,916 | 16,680 | 11,404 | 32,857 | 28,381 | ||||||||||
| Rural increase 1910-1920 | 27.6% | -4.3% | 13.8% | 46.3% | 15.8% | |||||||||||||||
| Urban population | 2,701 | 3,209 | 3,656 | 9,175 | 8,408 | 15,085 | 12,064 | |||||||||||||
| Urban increase 1910-1920 | -12.2% | 9.1% | 25% | |||||||||||||||||
| Total population | 7,369 | 6,446 | 5,711 | 6,271 | 18,182 | 16,324 | 16,680 | 11,404 | 47,942 | 40,445 | ||||||||||
| Total increase 1910-1920 | 14.3% | -8.9% | 11.4% | 46.3% | 18.5% | |||||||||||||||
| Density of population per sq. mile: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Rural density | .8 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.1 | ||||||||||||
| Total density | 1.3[9] | 1.4 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 7.1[9] | 6.3 | 3.1 | 2.1 | ||||||||||||
| No. of dwellings | 1,832 | 1,493 | 1,301 | 1,419 | 4,169 | 3,376 | 3,768 | 2,961 | 11,070 | 9,249 | ||||||||||
| No. of families | 1,937 | 1,561 | 1,387 | 1,492 | 4,492 | 3,186 | 3,956 | 3,093 | 11,772 | 9,632 | ||||||||||
V
RACIAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATION OF THE RANGE COUNTIES ACCORDING TO FEDERAL CENSUS OF 1920
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union[10] | |||||||||||||
| Number | Rank | Number | Rank | Number | Rank | Number | Rank | |||||||||
| Total population | 7,369 | 5,711 | 18,182 | 16,680 | ||||||||||||
| Native White, Total | 6,261 | 5,155 | 15,058 | 16,376 | ||||||||||||
| Native parentage | 4,454 | 3,752 | 11,454 | 15,512 | ||||||||||||
| Foreign parentage | 1,024 | 778 | 2,314 | 414 | ||||||||||||
| Mixed parentage | 783 | 625 | 1,290 | 450 | ||||||||||||
| Foreign White, Total | 1,035 | 462 | 2,895 | 278 | ||||||||||||
| Austria | 69 | 7 | 15 | 9 | 90 | 12 | 5 | 14 | ||||||||
| Canada | 150 | 1 | 49 | 2 | 126 | 9 | 26 | 3 | ||||||||
| Czecho-Slovakia | 11 | 14 | 4 | 11 | 90 | 12 | 7 | 12 | ||||||||
| Denmark | 121 | 2 | 42 | 3 | 44 | 17 | 6 | 13 | ||||||||
| England | 98 | 5 | 38 | 4 | 194 | 4 | 19 | 5 | ||||||||
| Finland | 23 | 11 | 3 | 12 | 66 | 13 | 0 | |||||||||
| France | 17 | 12 | 6 | 10 | 51 | 16 | 5 | 14 | ||||||||
| Germany | 107 | 3 | 118 | 1 | 541 | 1 | 49 | 1 | ||||||||
| Greece | 11 | 14 | 4 | 11 | 53 | 15 | 10 | 10 | ||||||||
| Hungary | 4 | 16 | 1 | 14 | 107 | 11 | 10 | 10 | ||||||||
| Ireland | 106 | 4 | 22 | 6 | 56 | 14 | 12 | 8 | ||||||||
| Italy | 33 | 9 | 3 | 12 | 240 | 3 | 8 | 11 | ||||||||
| Jugo-Slavia | 27 | 10 | 0 | 169 | 7 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Mexico | 0 | 0 | 192 | 5 | 13 | 7 | ||||||||||
| Norway | 33 | 9 | 49 | 2 | 38 | 18 | 3 | 15 | ||||||||
| Poland | 2 | 17 | 2 | 13 | 290 | 2 | 11 | 9 | ||||||||
| Russia | 13 | 13 | 20 | 7 | 181 | 6 | 28 | 2 | ||||||||
| Scotland | 33 | 9 | 3 | 12 | 108 | 10 | 10 | 10 | ||||||||
| Sweden | 80 | 6 | 37 | 5 | 143 | 8 | 15 | 6 | ||||||||
| Switzerland | 43 | 8 | 18 | 8 | 15 | 20 | 6 | 13 | ||||||||
| Syria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 4 | |||||||||||
| Wales | 7 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 22 | 19 | 0 | |||||||||
| All other countries | 47 | 25 | 79 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| Other than white | 73 | 94 | 229 | 26 | ||||||||||||
VI
AGE AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IN THE RANGE COUNTIES ACCORDING TO THE FEDERAL CENSUS FOR 1920
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | |||||||||||||
| Number | Per cent. | Number | Per cent. | Number | Per cent. | Number | Per cent. | |||||||||
| Under 7 years | 1,057 | ... | 847 | ... | 2,779 | ... | 3,217 | ... | ||||||||
| 7 to 13 years inclusive | 850 | ... | 790 | ... | 2,395 | ... | 2,909 | ... | ||||||||
| Attending school | 789 | 92.8 | 714 | 90.4 | 2,225 | 92.9 | 2,594 | 89.2 | ||||||||
| 14 and 15 years | 213 | ... | 201 | ... | 564 | ... | 700 | ... | ||||||||
| Attending school | 195 | 91.5 | 191 | 95 | 495 | 87.8 | 590 | 84.3 | ||||||||
| 16 and 17 years | 206 | ... | 216 | ... | 531 | ... | 655 | ... | ||||||||
| Attending school | 137 | 66.5 | 153 | 70.8 | 286 | 53.9 | 337 | 51.5 | ||||||||
| 18 to 20 years inclusive | 302 | ... | 306 | ... | 829 | ... | 846 | ... | ||||||||
| Attending school | 68 | 22.5 | 82 | 26.8 | 147 | 17.8 | 140 | 16.5 | ||||||||
The proportion of children in school is high through the age of sixteen. Beyond that age the ratio of attendance falls off rapidly, Sheridan and Union having a smaller proportion in school than the other two counties.
VII
ILLITERACY IN THE RANGE COUNTIES ACCORDING TO THE FEDERAL CENSUS FOR 1920
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | |||||||||||||
| Ten Years and Over | Number | Per cent. | Number | Per cent. | Number | Per cent. | Number | Per cent. | ||||||||
| Total | 5,950 | ... | 4,520 | ... | 14,320 | ... | 12,123 | ... | ||||||||
| Illiterates | 59 | 1.0 | 20 | 1.4 | 437 | 3.1 | 668 | 5.5 | ||||||||
| Native Whites | 4,863 | ... | 3,982 | ... | 11,284 | ... | 11,830 | ... | ||||||||
| Illiterates | 13 | .3 | 2 | .1 | 33 | .3 | 652 | 5.5 | ||||||||
| Foreign Born Whites | 1,023 | ... | 460 | ... | 2,828 | ... | 276 | |||||||||
| Illiterates | 29 | 2.8 | 9 | 2. | 393 | 13.9 | 14 | 5.1 | ||||||||
| Negro | 14 | ... | 23 | ... | 131 | ... | 12 | ... | ||||||||
| Illiterates | 3 | ... | 1 | ... | 4 | 3.1 | 1 | ... | ||||||||
| 16-20 Years Inclusive | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | 508 | ... | 522 | ... | 1,359 | ... | 1,501 | ... | ||||||||
| Illiterates | 2 | .4 | 1 | .2 | 9 | .7 | 44 | 2.9 | ||||||||
| Illiteracy 21 Years and Over | ||||||||||||||||
| Males | 42 | 1.4 | 8 | .5 | 276 | 4.2 | 211 | 4.6 | ||||||||
| Native Whites | 11 | ... | ... | ... | 16 | ... | 205 | ... | ||||||||
| Foreign Born Whites | 18 | ... | 5 | ... | 252 | ... | 6 | ... | ||||||||
| Negro | 2 | ... | ... | ... | 3 | ... | ... | ... | ||||||||
| Females | 15 | .8 | 11 | .7 | 148 | 3.2 | 350 | 9.2 | ||||||||
| Native Whites | 1 | ... | 1 | ... | 9 | ... | 341 | ... | ||||||||
| Foreign Born Whites | 10 | ... | 4 | ... | 137 | ... | 8 | ... | ||||||||
| Negro | 1 | ... | ... | ... | 1 | ... | 1 | ... | ||||||||
The rate of illiteracy is higher in Sheridan and Union than in Beaverhead and Hughes.
VIII
DEVELOPMENT OF PROTESTANT CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS ON THE CHANGING FRONTIER
| BEAVERHEAD | HUGHES | SHERIDAN | UNION | TOTAL | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Number Churches | Number Now Active | Number Now Abandoned | Number Now Inactive | Total Number Churches | Number Now Active | Number Now Abandoned | Number Now Inactive | Total Number Churches | Number Now Active | Number Now Abandoned | Number Now Inactive | Total Number Churches | Number Now Active | Number Now Abandoned | Number Now Inactive | Total Number Churches | Number Now Active | Number Now Abandoned | Number Now Inactive | |||||
| Period of organization: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1871-80 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | .. | ||||
| 1881-90 | 7 | 4 | 3 | .. | 8 | 7 | 1 | .. | 3 | 2 | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | 19 | 14 | 5 | .. | ||||
| 1891-1900 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | 5 | 5 | .. | .. | 3 | 3 | .. | .. | 9 | 9 | .. | .. | ||||
| 1901-10 | 2 | 2 | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 25 | 16 | 6 | 3 | ||||
| 1911-20 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5 | 5 | .. | .. | 6 | 6 | .. | .. | 21 | 18 | 3 | .. | 32 | 29 | 3 | .. | ||||
| Total | 10 | 7 | 3 | .. | 16 | 15 | 1 | .. | 21 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 40 | 31 | 8 | 1 | 87 | 70 | 14 | 3 | ||||
About one-sixth of all the churches which have been organized are now either abandoned or inactive. Population has shifted; communities have changed; the churches sometimes have not survived.
IX-A
DISTRIBUTION OF CHURCHES AMONG DENOMINATIONS
| Churches in | ||||||||||
| Denominations | Country | Village | Town | City | Total | |||||
| Baptist, North | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |||||
| Baptist, South | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | |||||
| Church of Christ or Christian | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| Church of Christ (Unprogressive) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |||||
| Congregational | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||||
| Evangelical Association | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||||
| Lutheran: | ||||||||||
| Norwegian Lutheran of America | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||||
| German | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Swedish | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Polish | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||
| Others | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||
| Methodist, North | 13 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 23 | |||||
| Methodist, South | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |||||
| Nazarene | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||
| Presbyterian in U. S. A. | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |||||
| Protestant Episcopal | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| Seventh Day Adventist | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| United Brethren | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |||||
| Total | 34 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 70 | |||||
IX-B
| Denominations | Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | Total | ||||||||
| Baptist North | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | } | 9 | ||||||
| Baptist South | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||
| Church of Christ or Christian | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||
| Church of Christ (Unprogressive) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| Congregational | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 | ||||||||
| Evangelical Association | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||
| Lutheran: | |||||||||||||
| Norwegian Lutheran of America | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | } | 5 | ||||||
| German | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||
| Swedish | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||
| Polish | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||
| Others | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||
| Methodist North | 2 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 23 | } | 29 | ||||||
| Methodist South | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | ||||||||
| Nazarenes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Presbyterian in U. S. A. | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | ||||||||
| Protestant Episcopal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | ||||||||
| Seventh Day Adventist | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
| United Brethren | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Total | 7 | 15 | 17 | 31 | 70 | ||||||||
With so many denominations at work in the field, every square mile of inhabited area ought to be reached. But large areas and many people are not even touched by the church.
X-A
RESIDENCE AND ACTIVITY OF CHURCH MEMBERS BY TYPES OF COMMUNITIES
| Churches in | |||||||||
| Country | Village | Town | City | Total | |||||
| Net active members | 616 | 497 | 1,178 | 1,665 | 3,956 | ||||
| Inactive members | 129 | 66 | 221 | 607 | 1,013 | ||||
| Non-resident members | 152 | 60 | 186 | 453 | 851 | ||||
| Total enrollment | 897 | 623 | 1,575 | 2,725 | 5,820 | ||||
| Average per congregation | 26 | 45 | 121 | 303 | 83 | ||||
X-B
BY COUNTIES
| Churches in | |||||||||
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | Total | |||||
| Net active members | 345 | 884 | 1,988 | 739 | 3,956 | ||||
| Inactive members | 96 | 74 | 646 | 197 | 1,013 | ||||
| Non-resident members | 94 | 108 | 496 | 153 | 851 | ||||
| Total enrollment | 535 | 1,066 | 3,130 | 1,089 | 5,820 | ||||
| Average per congregation | 76 | 71 | 184 | 35 | 83 | ||||
The non-resident member is an “unattached Christian” and no one looks out for him.
XI-A
CHURCHES CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SIZE BY TYPES OF COMMUNITIES
| Country | Village | Town | City | Total | ||||||
| Churches with a net active membership of: | ||||||||||
| 25 or less | 26 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 36 | |||||
| 26 to 50 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 13 | |||||
| 51 to 100 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 10 | |||||
| 101 to 150 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | |||||
| Over 150 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | |||||
| Total | 34 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 70 |
XI-B
BY COUNTIES
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | Total | ||||||
| Churches with a net active membership of: | ||||||||||
| 25 or less | 3 | 7 | 4 | 22 | 36 | |||||
| 26 to 50 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 13 | |||||
| 51 to 100 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 10 | |||||
| 101 to 150 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||
| Over 150 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 7 | |||||
| Total | 7 | 15 | 17 | 31 | 70 |
Scattered and transient population together with denominational competition has resulted in a large proportion of small churches.
XII
HOW THE CHURCHES HAVE GROWN DURING A ONE-YEAR PERIOD BY TYPES OF COMMUNITIES
| Country Churches | Village Churches | Town Churches | City Churches | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Number | Per Cent | Number | Per Cent | Number | Per Cent | Number | Per Cent | Number | Per Cent | |||||||||||
| Gained | 12 | 35 | 7 | 50 | 10 | 77 | 8 | 89 | 37 | 53 | ||||||||||
| Stationary | 9 | 27 | 6 | 43 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 23 | ||||||||||
| Declined | 13 | 38 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 15 | 1 | 11 | 17 | 24 | ||||||||||
| Total | 34 | 100 | 14 | 100 | 13 | 100 | 9 | 100 | 70 | 100 | ||||||||||
The gain in church membership increases with the size of the community.
XIII
MEMBERSHIP GAIN OF THE CHURCHES ORGANIZED TEN YEARS OR MORE, DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS
| Year | Nine Country Churches | Seven Village Churches | Thirteen Town Churches | Eight City Churches | Total | |||||
| 1910 | 257 | 166 | 1,197 | 1,012 | 2,632 | |||||
| 1915 | 303 | 278 | 1,385 | 2,011 | 3,977 | |||||
| 1920 | 326 | 271 | 1,575 | 2,660 | 4,852 |
Village and Country Churches Increased 41% Town and City Churches Increased 92%.
XIV
AGE AND SEX OF RESIDENT MEMBERS
| By Counties | ||||||||
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | |||||
| Men over 21 | 24% | 31% | 31% | 33% | ||||
| Women over 21 | 55% | 45% | 47% | 47% | ||||
| Young men and boys under 21 | 8% | 10% | 9% | 7% | ||||
| Young women and girls under 21 | 13% | 14% | 13% | 13% | ||||
The churches are not winning the boys and girls. They need better recreational methods and broader programs.
XV
WAYS OF RAISING MONEY
| A = Beaverhead | B = Hughes | |
| C = Sheriday | D = Union |
| CITY | TOWN | VILLAGE | COUNTRY | ENTIRE COUNTY | ||||||||||||||||||||
| A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | |||||
| Number of churches with: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Budget for all monies | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2[11] | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 5 | ||||
| Budget for local expenses only | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | ||||
| Annual every member canvass | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 3[11] | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 10 | 7 | ||||
| Both budget and every member canvass | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 3[11] | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 10 | 5 | ||||
| No budget and no every member canvass | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 16 | ||||
| Total number of churches | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 23 | 7 | 15 | 17 | 31 | ||||
A fair proportion of the churches are using modern methods of financing their work.
XVI
OCCUPATIONS OF CHURCH MEMBERS
Of the four counties, Union is the only one with a higher percentage of farmers on its rolls than of men in other occupations. Yet over half the churches in the four counties are country churches.
XVII-A
THE AMOUNT OF MONEY RAISED AND SPENT
The amount raised by the local churches is $97,571.98.
| Per cent. | ||||
| Subscription | $70,910.74 | 72.68 | ||
| Collections | 9,464.24 | 9.7 | ||
| All other methods | 17,197.00 | 17.62 | ||
| $97,571.98 | ||||
XVII-B
The amount spent by the local churches is $96,992.85.
| Per cent. | ||||
| Salaries | $41,268.79 | 43. | ||
| Missions and benevolences | 24,657.55 | 25. | ||
| Upkeep and all other expenses | 31,066.51 | 32. | ||
The entire amount spent for church purposes is $110,080.35.
| Per cent. | ||||
| Salaries | $54,356.29[12] | 49. | ||
| Missions and benevolences | 24,657.55 | 23. | ||
| Upkeep and all other expenses | 31,066.51 | 28. | ||
Of the entire church dollar, about 12 per cent. comes from Denominational Boards.
XVIII
RECEIPTS PER CHURCH
| Country | Village | Town | City | Total | |||||
| From: | Thirty-one Churches | Fourteen Churches | Thirteen Churches | Eight Churches | Sixty-six Churches | ||||
| Subscription | $235.45 | $526.51 | $1,972.93 | $3,824.04 | $1,074.41 | ||||
| Collections | 57.99 | 106.57 | 254.35 | 358.49 | 143.40 | ||||
| All other methods | 12.96 | 297.42 | 458.01 | 834.63 | 260.55 | ||||
| Total | $306.40 | $930.50 | $2,685.29 | $5,017.16 | $1,478.36 |
XIX
RECEIPTS PER ACTIVE MEMBER
| Country | Village | Town | City | Total | |||||
| From: | Thirty-one Churches | Fourteen Churches | Thirteen Churches | Eight Churches | Sixty-six Churches | ||||
| Subscription | $12.39 | $14.07 | $21.77 | $18.65 | $18.04 | ||||
| Collections | 3.05 | 2.85 | 2.81 | 1.75 | 2.41 | ||||
| All other methods | .68 | 7.95 | 5.05 | 4.07 | 4.37 | ||||
| Total | $16.12 | $24.87 | $29.63 | $24.47 | $24.82 |
The average active member is generous in the support of his church.
XX
EXPENDITURES PER CHURCH
| Country | Village | Town | City | Total | |||||
| For: | Thirty-one Churches | Fourteen Churches | Thirteen Churches | Eight Churches | Sixty-six Churches | ||||
| Salaries | $220.12 | $366.43 | $1,247.31 | $1,637.50 | $625.28 | ||||
| Missions and Benevolences | 42.59 | 117.85 | 638.84 | 1,672.75 | 373.60 | ||||
| Upkeep and all other expenses | 40.95 | 441.63 | 794.22 | 1,661.18 | 470.70 | ||||
| Total | $303.66 | $925.91 | $2,680.37 | $4,971.43 | $1,469.58 |
XXI
EXPENDITURES PER ACTIVE MEMBER
| Country | Village | Town | City | Total | |||||
| For: | Thirty-one Churches | Fourteen Churches | Thirteen Churches | Eight Churches | Sixty-six Churches | ||||
| Salaries | $11.59 | $9.79 | $13.76 | $7.99 | $10.50 | ||||
| Missions and Benevolences | 2.24 | 3.15 | 7.05 | 8.16 | 6.27 | ||||
| Upkeep and all other expenses | 2.16 | 11.80 | 8.76 | 8.10 | 7.90 | ||||
| Total | $15.99 | $24.74 | $29.57 | $24.25 | $24.67 |
XXII-A
HOW A TYPICAL DOLLAR IS RAISED AND SPENT BY THE LOCAL CHURCHES
| Country | Village | Town | City | Total | |||||
| By: | Thirty-one Churches | Fourteen Churches | Thirteen Churches | Eight Churches | Sixty-six Churches | ||||
| Subscription | $.77 | $.57 | $.74 | $.76 | $.73 | ||||
| Collections | .19 | .11 | .09 | .07 | .10 | ||||
| All other methods | .04 | .32 | .17 | .17 | .17 | ||||
| Total | $1.00 | $1.00 | $1.00 | $1.00 | $1.00 |
XXII-B
| Country | Village | Town | City | Total | |||||
| For: | Thirty-one Churches | Fourteen Churches | Thirteen Churches | Eight Churches | Sixty-six Churches | ||||
| Salary | $.72 | $.39 | $.46 | $.33 | $.43 | ||||
| Missions and Benevolences | .14 | .13 | .24 | .34 | .25 | ||||
| Upkeep and all other expenses | .14 | .48 | .30 | .33 | .32 | ||||
| Total | $1.00 | $1.00 | $1.00 | $1.00 | $1.00 |
On the average, these churches devote one-fourth of their receipts to benevolences.
XXIII
GRADING FOR HOME MISSION FIELDS—PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN U. S. A.
| A. | Promising Field: |
| 1. Prospect of self-support. | |
| 2. Strategic service opportunity. | |
| B. | Problematic Field: |
| 1. Uncertain of community development. | |
| 2. Denominational responsibility uncertain. | |
| C. | Field to be relinquished: |
| 1. Should be self-sustaining. | |
| 2. Work should be discontinued. |
This would be a good test to apply to every aided church on the Range.
XXIV
NUMBER OF CHURCH SERVICES
| Number of Services a Month | Country Churches | Village Churches | Town Churches | City Churches | Total | ||||
| Eight | 3 | 3[13] | 12[14] | 7 | 25 | ||||
| Seven | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Six | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| Five | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Four | 6 | 6[13] | 0 | 2 | 14 | ||||
| Three | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Two | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 12 | ||||
| One | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | ||||
| No regular service | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | ||||
| Services in summer only | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||||
| Total | 34 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 70 |
About three hours a week set aside for church services and Sunday school means six days a year; only twenty-five out of seventy churches have as large a number.
XXV
ATTENDANCE AT SERVICES COMPARED WITH SEATING CAPACITY AND ACTIVE MEMBERSHIP
| Beaverhead | Hughes | Sheridan | Union | |||||
| Average seating capacity | 197 | 277 | 286 | 160 | ||||
| Average active membership | 49 | 59 | 117 | 24 | ||||
| Average attendance at services | 52 | 50 | 80 | 67 |
An average attendance one-third less than the seating capacity means many empty seats.
XXVI
ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CHURCHES OTHER THAN SUNDAY SCHOOLS
| Mixed | ||||||||||||||
| Men | Women | Grown-up | Young People | Boys | Girls | Boys and Girls | ||||||||
| Number | Members | Number | Members | Number | Members | Number | Members | Number | Members | Number | Members | Number | Members | |
| Churches in: | ||||||||||||||
| Country | 0 | 0 | 9 | 171 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 239 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Village | 0 | 0 | 9 | 166 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Town | 2 | 74 | 22 | 710 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 314 | 3 | 54 | 5 | 128 | 2 | 73 |
| City | 5 | 226 | 16 | 635 | 2 | 40 | 6 | 200 | 1 | 15 | 3 | 94 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 7 | 300 | 56 | 1,682 | 2 | 40 | 28 | 834 | 4 | 69 | 8 | 222 | 2 | 73 |
Women’s organizations are numerous; men have only one-eighth as many. Less than half of the churches have young people’s organizations.
XXVII
NUMBER OF PASTORS WHO HAVE SERVED THE CHURCHES WHICH HAVE BEEN ORGANIZED TEN YEARS OR MORE
| One Pastor | Two Pastors | Three Pastors | Four Pastors | Five Pastors | Six Pastors | Seven Pastors | Eight Pastors | Nine Pastors | |
| Churches in: | |||||||||
| Country | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Village | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Town | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| City | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
The turn-over on the part of the ministers has been high. Two-thirds of these churches have had a new minister every two and one half years or oftener.
XXVIII
RESIDENCE OF PASTORS IN RELATION TO THEIR CHURCHES
| Country | Village | Town | City | Total | ||||||
| Churches with: | ||||||||||
| Pastor resident in parish | 8 | 8[15] | 10 | 8 | 34 | |||||
| Pastor resident in community but not in parish | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |||||
| Pastor resident in other community in same county | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 | |||||
| Pastor resident in another county | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | |||||
| No regular pastor | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 10 | |||||
| Supply pastor | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | |||||
| Total | 34 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 70 |
About half of the churches have their ministers resident among the members.
XXIX
SALARIES OF MINISTERS ACCORDING TO PROPORTION OF TIME DEVOTED TO THE MINISTRY
| Ministers Giving Full Time to Ministry | Ministers with other Occupation | |||||
| With One Church | With More Than One Church | |||||
| Pastors receiving:[16] | ||||||
| Over $2,000 | 6 | 3 | ||||
| $1,501-$2,000 | 4 | 3 | 2 | |||
| $1,201-$1,500 | 5 | 3 | 0 | |||
| $1,001-$1,200 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |||
| $ 751-$1,000 | 0 | 3 | 1 | |||
| $ 501-$ 750 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| $ 101-$ 500 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |||
| $ 100 or less | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||
| No salary | 0 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Total | 18 | 14 | 8 | |||
With the high cost of living, it is difficult to sustain adequate family life on many of these salaries. It is not strange that eight of the ministers must earn part of their support at other occupations.
XXX
GAIN AND LOSS IN MEMBERSHIP AS RELATED TO RESIDENCE OF MINISTERS (One year period)
| Churches with: | Country | Village | Town | City | Total | |||||
| Resident minister | 8 | 8[17] | 10 | 8 | 34 | |||||
| Number gaining | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 23 | |||||
| Number stationary | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 7 | |||||
| Number losing | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||
| Non-resident minister | 19 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 22 | |||||
| Number gaining | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | |||||
| Number stationary | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |||||
| Number losing | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
About two-thirds of the churches with resident ministers made a gain in membership; of the churches with non-resident ministers only about one-third show a gain. Fourteen churches were either pastorless or were served by a supply. Six of them made a gain during the year preceding the survey.
UNIQUE STUDIES OF RURAL AMERICA
TOWN AND COUNTRY SERIES TWELVE VOLUMES
MADE UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
Edmund deS. Brunner, Ph.D.
What the Protestant Churches Are Doing and
Can Do for Rural America—The Results of
Twenty-six Intensive County Surveys
| Description | Publication Date | |
| (1) | Church and Community Survey of Salem County, N. J. | Ready |
| (2) | Church and Community Survey of Pend Oreille County, Washington | Ready |
| (3) | Church and Community Survey of Sedgwick County, Kansas | Ready |
| (4) | Religion in the Old and New South | Forthcoming |
| (5) | The New and Old Immigrant on the Land, as seen in two Wisconsin Counties | Ready |
| (6) | Rural Church Life in the Middle West | Ready |
| (7) | The Country Church in Colonial Counties | Ready |
| (8) | Irrigation and Religion, a study of two prosperous California Counties | Ready |
| (9) | The Church on the Changing Frontier | Ready |
| (10) | The Rural Church Before and After the War, Comparative Studies of Two Surveys | Forthcoming |
| (11) | The Country Church in Industrial Zones | Ready |
| (12) | The Town and Country Church in the United States | Forthcoming |
“They are fine pieces of work and examples of what we need to have done on a large scale.” Dr. Charles A. Ellwood, Dept. of Sociology, University of Missouri.
“I am heartily appreciative of these splendid results.” Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, Genl. Secy., Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.
Published by GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY, New York
FOR
COMMITTEE ON SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS SURVEYS
111 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
Footnotes:
[1] See Wilson, “Sectional Characteristics,” Homelands, August, 1920.
[2] A monument to Sacajawea was erected in Armstead in 1915.
[3] Three country churches raised no money during the year and one city church, which tithes, did not have financial figures available.
[4] See [Table XXIII].
[5] 17 country churches have buildings.
[6] 13 village churches have buildings.
[7] The membership of the separate boys’ and girls’ organizations cannot be added here because it would involve duplication.
[8] The capital letters in parentheses in the Table indicate the respective counties, Beaverhead, Hughes, Sheridan, Union.
[9] In deriving these figures the Census Board has included the forest reserve territory. The following figures were obtained by excluding this area (with the exception of the inhabited portion of Beaverhead):
| Total density per square mile of Beaverhead | 2.1 | |
| Total density per square mile of Sheridan | 9.2 |
On the Range the development of centers is just beginning.
[10] The Census does not give Spanish-American separately. They are of course native-born and are included under that division.
| Per | cent. | of | native | increase | is | 20.7 | in | Beaverhead | for | 1910-20 |
| " | " | " | " | decrease | " | 4.1 | " | Hughes | " | 1910-20 |
| " | " | " | " | increase | " | 12.1 | " | Sheridan | " | 1910-20 |
| " | " | " | " | " | " | 32.2 | " | Union | " | 1910-20 |
In Sheridan, the “New Americans” are in the mines; in the other counties, they are on the land.
[11] Two federated churches have a single budget and a single canvass.
[12] 76.37% of this amount was raised by local churches. The rest came from the denominational boards.
[13] One church in each of these groups unites regularly with a church holding eight services.
[14] One church in this group also has four week day services. One church has its four services on week day nights and has no Sunday services.
[15] One church in this group has two resident social workers.
[16] Including $250 rental value of parsonage if there is one.
[17] One church in this group has two resident social workers.