Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations.

Footnotes, originally at the bottoms of pages, have been collected, renumbered, and placed near the end of this eBook.

The Title Page and Table of Contents indicate that this is Volume I, but that refers to its position in the “Second Administration of James Madison” subset of the full “History”. In that nine-volume “History”, this is Volume VII.