INDEX.

Abbey lands, disposition of in Germany, [434], [437], [439]
in England, [454], [482]
in Scotland, [508]
confiscated in France, [589]
in Italy, [609]-10
Abbo, St., of Fleury, his martyrdom, [153]
Abbot of Langdon, case of, [451]
of Crossed-Friars, case of, [457]
of Walden, his marriage, [463]
Abbots, their marriage, in Hungary, [401]
execution of English, [457]
Abelard, his description of monachism, [264]
his marriage, [269]
his “Sic et Non,” [316]
his answer to Heloise, [348]
on abuse of confessional, [350]
Abingdon, Abbey of, [167]
Absalom of Scania, [252]
Absolution, purchasable, in Manichæism, [44]
marketable value of, in Rome, [356], [428]
mutual, of guilty priests, [428]
by partner in guilt, [346], [575]-7, [633]
Abstinence from women in pagan priesthood, [49]
Abstinentes, heresy of, [33]
Abuse of confessional (see Confessional).
Abyssinian church, customs of, [92]
Accomplice, immunity of, [291]
Acephali, [109], [115]
Adalbero of Metz ordains sons of priests, [154]
Adam de la Halle on Alexander IV., [334]
Adam de Marisco, his labors, [292]
Adela of Flanders, seeks to enforce celibacy, [260]
Adela of Flanders, miraculous cure of, [404]
Adelaide of Savoy, her interposition asked, [203]
Adolph of Nassau, Archb. of Mainz, [412]
Adorateurs de Jésus, [613]
Adrian I. asserts the morality of his clergy, [135]
Adrian VI., his views on priestly marriage, [422]
reproaches Diet of Nürnberg, [424]
on Luther’s abrogation of celibacy, [432]
Adulphe, frère, case of, [637]
Adulterous wives of priests to be put away, [39]
of Huguenot pastors, [498]
Adultery, clerical, habitual, [247]
immunity for, [447]
toleration of, in Mexico, [565]
less objectionable than marriage, [627]
Ælfric, St., of Canterbury, his canons, [172]
Æneas Sylvius (see Pius II.).
Africa, celibacy urged on, [66]
introduction of celibacy in, [73]
immorality in, [81]
married bishops in, [89]
Donatist monks in, [107]
Agapetæ, scandals of, [41], [50], [54], [78]
forbidden by Council of Elvira, [50]
by Council of Ancyra, [54]
by Council of Nicæa, [54]
by Emp. Honorius, [55]
Agde, Council of, in 506, [80]
Age, minimum, for vows in early church, [100], [105]
under Council of Trent, [587]
in France, [585]
in Tuscany, [587]
under Pius IX., [611]
for ordination under Council of Trent, [624]
for resident women, [626]
Agen, Manichæism in 1100, [207]
Agnes, Empress, deprived of regency, [201]
Agrippa, Cornelius, on the clergy, [415]
on licenses to sin, [428]
on character of Roman prelates, [429]
Agudi, Father, case of, [607]
Ain-Traz, Synod of, in 1835, [91]
Aix, Council of, in 1850, [626]
Aix-la-Chapelle, proportion of clergy in, [631]
Council of, in 817, [138]
in 836, [137]
Alain de l’Isle on clerical morals, [321]
on Waldenses, [374]
Alberic, Cardinal, and the heretics, [370]
Alberic of Marsico, his crimes, [153]
Alberic of Ostia, Legate to England, [281]
Albero of Liége permits priestly marriage, [247]
Albero of Mercke, heresy of, [196]
Albero of Verdun, his efforts at reform, [264]
Albert II. (Emp.) fines concubinary priests, [396]
Albert of Bavaria asks for clerical marriage, [531], [539]
Albert of Brandenburg embraces Lutheranism, [366]
founds kingdom of Prussia, [434]
Albert of Hamburg on chastity, [181]
his measures of reform, [189]
Albert of Mainz seeks to restrain priestly marriage, [419]
his proposed marriage, [434]
Albigenses, heresy of, [207]
attacked by St. Bernard, [331]
their tenets, [367]
Alby, extent of heresy in, [370]
Council of, in 1850, [626]
Alcobaça, Abbot of, head of Order of St. Michael, [365]
Alcuin on disorders of Saxon nunneries, [165]
Aldebert of Le Mans, licentiousness of, [264]
Aldhelm, St., on virginity, [162]
Alemanni, unchastity of, [118]
Alexander II. seeks archbishopric of Milan, [209]
his election to Papacy, [200]
his estimate of Damiani, [186]
suppresses the Liber Gomorrh., [188]
he enforces the reform, [202]
his discouragement, [204]
he protects the Jews, [205]
his two missions to Milan, [213]
he authorizes war against marriage, [215]
he sends legation to Milan, [217]
his efforts in Spain, [303]
his letter to William the Conqueror, [272]
his death, [206]
enforcement of celibacy attributed to him, [225]
Alexander III. on married canons, [270]
his efforts in England, [281]
his endeavors at reform, [319], [321]
he inclines to priestly marriage, [325]
he confirms Order of St. James, [364]
on hereditary transmission, [516]
Alexander IV., his reforms, [333]
on corruption of laity by priesthood, [350]
Alexander VI., his character, [345]
he grants marriage to Portuguese orders, [365]
his patience with Savonarola, [386]
he reforms the Benedictines, [403]
Alexander VII. defines solicitation, [575], [576]
Alexandria, disorderly monachism in, [106]
Alfonso the Wise on origin of celibacy, [28]
forbids priestly marriage, [308]
Alfonso VI. (Castile) asks for a legate, [304]
Alfonso VIII. of Leon, [306]
Alfonso I. (Portugal) founds orders of Avis and St. Michael, [365]
Alfonso I. (Naples) collects tax on concubines, [399]
Alfred on chastity of nuns, [166]
Allocution Acerbissimum, [609]
Alphonso Liguori, St., on clerical corruption, [587]
Altmann of Passau, his mission to Constance, [229]
his enforcement of celibacy, [230]
Alva, Duke of, enforces reception of Council of Trent, [553]
Alvarez Pelayo, on Spanish clergy, [311]
Amalfi (see Melfi).
Amandus of Maestricht, case of, [126]
Amandus, papal legate to Spain, [304]
Amboise, edict of, in 1562, [499]
Ambrose, St., admits disregard of celibacy, [67]
condemns Jovinian, [69]
priestly marriage attributed to him, [250]
Ambrose of Camaldoli, [393]
America, Spanish church in, [563]-66
(See, also, United States and Canada.)
Ammonius Saccas, [39]
Ammonius, St., his fortitude, [188]
Anabaptists, the, [438]
Anaclet, antipope, enforces celibacy, [342]
Anastasius (Emp.), revolts against, [107]
Anathema, nature of, [640]
for disbelief in celibacy, [536]
Ancarano, his opinion as to priests’ concubines, [339]
Anchorite, estimate of chastity of, [348]
Ancyra, Council of, in 314, regulates priestly marriage, [51]
forbids agapetæ, [54]
on vows of celibacy, [97]
Andrea of Vallombrosa on Milanese clergy, [210]
Andreas of Lunden on concubines, [197]
Andrew of Tarentum, case of, [123]
Angelric of Vasnau, case of, [142]
Angers, clergy of, their demoralization, [394]
Anglican bishops, regulations for their marriage, [489]
Anglican clergy, popular contempt for, [476]
restrictions on their marriage, [489]
flexibility of their faith, [490]
evil influences on their marriage, [494]
their position, [497]
Anglican Church, the, [444]-497
Queen Elizabeth’s estimate of, [491]
Anglican priests, manual of confessional for, [634]
Anglican ritual, marriage service in, [476]
Anglo-Irish church, disorders of, [298]
Anglo-Saxon church, celibacy enforced, [162]
disorders of, in 10th century, [147], [167]
Angoulême, case occurring in, [269]
Anjou, Council of, in 453, [79]
in 1262, 1291, 1312, [332], [350]
Ann of Cleves, her marriage, [470]
Annates, increase of, by the Popes, [412]
withdrawn by Henry VIII., [450]
Anomalies, ethical, [269], [347], [627]
Anse, Council of, in 990, [156]
Anselm, St., on sacraments of sinful priests, [195]
his reforms, [273]
his death in 1109, [278]
Anselmo di Badagio (see Alexander II.).
Anselmo, St., of Lucca, his persecution, [222]
Antealtaria, Abbot of, [308]
Anthony, St., retires to the desert, [97]
Anthony of Ephesus, crimes of, [85]
Anthony of Prague enforces Tridentine canons, [534]
heresy encouraged by corruption, [556]
Antichrist, anticipation of, [394]
Antidicomarianitarians, heresy of, [69]
Antioch, Council of, [42]
Antisacerdotalism of Vigilantius, [71]
mediæval, [370] sqq.
Antoin, married canons of, [270]
Antonelli, Cardinal, imprisons Panzini, [602]
his daughter, [631]
Antwerp, Synod of, in 1610, [557], [562]
Apel, John, punished for marrying, [424]
Apocalypsis Goliæ, [284]
Apollinaris of Rhodes, [118]
Apollo, celibacy of priestess of, [50]
Apology for Confession of Augsburg, [436]
Apostle, Junia the, [60]
Apostolical canons on digami, [37]
permit priestly marriage, [39]
marriage honored in, [48]
Apostolical constitutions on digami, [37]
permit priestly marriage, [39]
order of widows in, [42]
honors rendered to marriage, [48]
Apostolical Letter, Multiplices inter, [602]
Apostoloci, heresy of, [97]
Apotactici, heresy of, [33], [44]
Appeals discountenanced at Trent, [538]
Appeals to Rome, immunity caused by, [139]
their effect, [322]
forbidden by Alex. IV., [334]
Ap Rice and the Abbot of Walden, [463]
Aquinas, St. Thomas, on origin of celibacy, [28]
on sacraments of sinful priests, [195]
on vows, [321]
on absolution by guilty confessors, [575]
Arab monachism, nature of, [102]
Arabic version of Nicene canons, [53]
Aranda, Council of, in 1473, [400]
Archembald of Sens, his evil courses, [153]
Arechis of Beneventum, law of, [127]
Aretino, abuses in church of, [147]
Arfastus of Thetford, [272]
Arialdo, St., seeks archbishopric of Milan, [209]
raises question of priestly marriage, [211]
is excommunicated, [212]
procures excom. of Archbp. Guido, [216]
his martyrdom, [217]
Arianism, celibacy under, [120]
Arith, Wm., on clerical disorders, [501]
Arles, Council of, in 314, [51]
in 441, [69], [79], [105]
Armagh, hereditary archbishops of, [296]
Armagh, Council of, in 1854, [626]
Armenia, hereditary priesthood in, [90]
Armenia, Council of, in 1362, [90]
Arnald of Brescia, heresy of, [195]
Arnaldo de Peralta, his reforms, [309]
Arnolfo, a reformer, fate of, [341]
Arran, Regent, favors the Reformation, [507]
Artemis, virgins for priestesses of, [50]
Arthur of Britanny a canon of Tours, [307]
Articles, Thirty-nine, clerical marriage in the, [490]
Articles, Forty-two, clerical marriage in the, [475], [490]
Articles, the Six, enacted by Parliament, [467]
heretics burnt under them, [458]
their modification, [471]
repealed in 1547, [472]
popular call for their restoration, [475]
revived under Mary, [478]
repealed under Elizabeth, [487]
Artois, Council of, in 1025, [369]
Arundel of Canterbury on Lollardry, [381]
Asceticism, unknown to early Jews, [21]
in Brahmanism and Buddhism, [23]
in Essenism, [25]
not encouraged by Christ, [25]
tendency to, in Ebionism, [27]
tendencies of St. Paul, [31]
Asceticism, commencement of, in the church, [31]
repressed by the church, [32]
of heretics, [33]
stimulated by the heresies, [34]
and by influence of Buddhism, [35]
growth of, in the church, [36]
stimulated by neo-Platonism, [39]
and by Manichæism, [45]
combated by the church, [48]
overcomes all resistance, [49]
still voluntary in 4th century, [58]
becomes obligatory, [59]
reproved by Council of Gangra, [61]
voluntary in the East, [84]
severity of, in Armenia, [90]
of monachism, [97]
instances in 11th century, [227]
spreads among the laity, [241]
of Irish church, [160], [296]
neglect of, in Spain, [307]
mediæval, [347], [359]
of military orders, [362]
of Albigenses, [368]
of Fraticelli, [377]
of Wickliffe, [381]
of Hussites, [383]
exclusion of women from monasteries, [404]
influence of, on solicitation, [574]
in modern times, [612]
Aschaffenburg, Council of, in 1292, [196]
Ashera, worship of, [21]
Assembly, National, secularizes church property, [589]
legalizes clerical marriage, [590]
Assermentés priests, [590]
Assideans, [24]
Astorga, Bishop of, on Council of Trent, [539]
Athanasius on priestly marriage, [58]
Athenagoras on morals of Christians, [33]
on second marriage, [36]
on asceticism, [103]
Athravas, hereditary functions of, [23]
Atto of Vercelli on female ministration, [60]
on dilapidation of property, [146]
on married priests, [152]
Attys, worship of, [50]
Augsburg, the Confession of, [436]
Augsburg, Council of, in 10th century, [55]
in 952, [149]
in 1548, [514], [525]
in 1567, [561]
in 1610, [549]
Augsburg, Diet of, in 1518, [416]
in 1530, [435]
in 1548, [441], [524]
in 1551 and 1555, [443]
Augsburg Formula of Reformation, [524], [526], [528]
Augustin of Canterbury, [161]
Augustin, St., on Jewish high-priesthood, [22]
on marriage, [47], [314]
on marriage of nuns, [104]
on Manichæism, [46]
his testimony as to Jovinian, [70]
he enforces celibacy, [74]
on temporary nature of vows, [97]
on wandering monks, [102]
on danger of female residence, [138]
Augustin, Rule of, adopted by military orders, [362], [363]
Augustinians of Gloucester, suppression of, [457]
of Nürnberg, secularization of, [425]
of Saxony, revolution of, [420]
Aunts, residence of, forbidden, [138], [628]
Aurelius, St., enforces celibacy, [73]
Auricular confession, commencement of, [566]
Ausch, Congrès fraternel in 1793, [593]
Ausch, Council of, in 1851, [626]
Australia, Council of, in 1844, [633]
Austrasia, reforms in, [130]
Austria, enforcement of celibacy in, [251]
efforts for clerical marriage in, [601]
civil marriage in, [605]
monastic orders in 1859, [615]
Autun, Council of, in 690, [80]
Auvergne, Council of, in 535, [80]
Auxerre, Council of, in 578, [80]
persecution of celibacy in, [593]
Availles, case occurring at, in 1817, [635]
Avellano, monks of, [186]
Avesbury, nunnery of, its morals, [282]
d’Avesnes, case of the, [323]
Avignon, residence of popes in, [342]
Council of, in 1594, [560]
in 1725 and 1849, [626]
Avila, his casuistry, [578]
Avis, order of, [365]
Avranches, Council of, in 1172, [319]
Ayenbite of Inwyt, [348]
Azzo, Archbishop of Milan, [218]
Babueus grants marriage in orders, [92]
Babueus excommunicates Barsuma, [92]
Bachelors ineligible to episcopate, [38]
Badegisilus of Le Mans, [118]
Baden, petitions for clerical marriage in 1828, [601]
Bahia, Council of, in 1707, [626]
Baithusin, hereditary priesthood of, [22]
Bale, Bishop, his writings, [473], [480]
Bâle, Council of, [395]
reconciles the Hussites, [382]
clerical marriage suggested in, [406]
canons of, affirmed in Scotland, 1559, [505]
revived in Germany, [528]
Balsamon on legislation of Greek church, [87]
Baltimore, Councils of, in 1829, 1843, [633]
in 1840, [627]
in 1866, [627], [633]
Bamburg, troubles of, in 1431, [395]
Synod of, in 1491, [196]
morals of clergy in 1505, [431]
Bandello, Bishop, his novels, [430]
Bangor, morals of clergy of, [463], [494]
Baptism by immoral priests invalid, [162]
repetition of, refused, [163]
Baptisma igneum, [438]
Barbarians, the, and the Church, [117]-25
superior morality of, [82]
Bardsey, Culdees of, [301]
Bari, military bishops of, [180]
Barnabite college at Monza, case of, [621]
Baronius on Gregory of Nazianzum, [58]
Barrios, Bish. of Santafé, regulations of, [563]
Barsuma of Nisibi, case of, [92]
Barsumas, Abbot, at Ephesus, [107]
Bartelot, John, case of, [457]
Bartholomew of Bracara, his demand for reforms, [534]
Basil, St., his strictness, [84]
Basilica of Leo the Philosopher, [87]
Basilides, heresy of, [34]
Bastardy increased by celibacy, [629], [631]
Bathing, promiscuous, [41], [42]
Baumgartner, Aug., his speech at Trent, [518]
Bavaria, marriage of nuns forbidden, in 772, [135]
demand for clerical marriage in, [442], [531], [536]
clerical marriage after C. of Trent, [554]
immorality of clergy, 16th cent., [548]
abuse of confessional in, [570]
proportion of clergy in, [631]
Beards, clergy insist on wearing, [553]
Beatoun, Cardinal, his immorality, [503]
his proclamation of 1540, [511]
Bede on Aaron’s linen breeches, [65]
on the rule of celibacy, [161]
Beggars’ Petition, the, [453]
Beggars, legislation against, under Henry VIII., [455]
Begghards, the, [376]
Beguines, condemnation of, [377]
Belgium, monastic orders in, [615]
clerical attacks on public schools, [623]
clerical morality in, [629]
Bellarmine on story of Paphnutius, [57]
his defence of celibacy, [581]
Beltis, [21]
Benchor, oratory of, [295]
Benedict VIII. enforces celibacy, [178]
Benedict IX., character of, [179]
he sells the papacy, [184]
is reinstated as pope, [187]
Benedict XIV. approves of Savonarola, [386]
on abuse of confessional, [577]
Benedict of Camin on clerical morals, [401]
Benedict the Levite on residence of female relations, [138]
Benedict, St., of Nursia, [111]
his example followed, [246]
salvation procured by him, [335]
rule of, becomes universal, [131]
supplemented by Louis-le-Débonnaire, [136]
adopted by military orders, [362]
Benedictine order, saints in, [113]
its services to civilization, [357]
its morals in 15th century, [403]
Benefices held by tenure of chastity, [311]
bestowal of, on servants, [515]
hereditary (see Hereditary Transmission).
Benefit of clergy for married priests, [291]
extended to concubines, [339]
Benevento, Council of, in 1693, [574], [626]
Benzo, his account of Hildebrand, [197]
his use of the term Paterins, [212]
on Nicolitism, [238]
Berenger of Tours on priestly marriage, [256]
Bernald of Constance on Paphnutius, [56]
Bernard, St., reforms effected by him, [265]
miracle wrought by him, [266]
on barbarism of Ireland, [296]
his hymn on St. Malachi, [297]
on dissolution of priestly marriage, [316]
his defence of marriage, [331]
on influence of papal court, [346]
on the Albigenses, [368]
on the Petrobrusians, [370]
on Manichæan abhorrence of marriage, [545]
Bernard of Font-Cauld on Waldenses, [374]
Bernard of Tiron preaches reform, [258]
Bernhardi, Bart., marries in 1521, [419]
Bernhardus Baptisatus, his sermon, [391]
Bertrand, St., of Comminges, miracle by, [269]
Berytus, Synod of, in 448, [82]
Besançon, Synod of, in 1707, [562], [576]
Beverege, John, burnt, [510]
Beza, Theod., on marriage in Anglican church, [489]
Bèze, charter to monastery of, [265]
Bhagavad-gita, the, [92]
Bhikshus and Bhikshunis, Bhuddist, [94]
Bigamy of priests in 10th century, [167]
in 11th century, [172], [181]
in 12th century, [247]
caused by celibacy, [278]
penalties of, for clerical marriage, [598]
Bigorre, legalized concubinage in, [197]
Bilio, Card., author of the Syllabus, [604]
Bisantio of Bari, [180]
Bishops, marriage of (see Marriage).
Bishops to be husbands of one wife, [38]
number of digamous, [37], [159]
their morality in Coptic church, [93]
witnesses required for their chastity, [131]
they are nominated by the Merovingians, [118]
are held responsible for diocesan property, [123]
their power increased by institution of canons, [135]
wer-gild for their godsons, [162]
their military character in 10th century, [153]
in 11th century, [180]
they are attacked by Damiani, [198]
their lukewarmness as to celibacy, [233]
penalties for tolerating priestly marriage, [242]
their wives rank as countesses, [259]
their children eligible to ordination, [298]
female intercourse forbidden to them, [303]
they sell licenses to sin, [389], [432], [559]
concubinary, punishment for, at Trent, [538]
opposing clerical marriage exiled, [594]
their restoration of celibacy in France, [595]
Irish, poverty of, [297]
Bishops, Anglican, regulation for marriage of, [489]
position of their wives, [495]
Bishoprics, hereditary, in Britanny, [259]
in Ireland, [296]
created from English monasteries, [459]
Blacater, Bishop, persecutes Lollards, [501]
Bloodletting of monks, [138]
Bohemia, priestly marriage in 11th century, [243]
enforcement of celibacy in, [246]
marriage in post-Tridentine church, [554]
Waldensian refugees in, [375]
Begghards in, [377]
Hussitism in, [383]
Orthodox Brethren in, [385]
Bois-le-duc, Synod of, in 1571, [562]
in 1612, [558]
Boisset, permission to marry refused to him, [597]
Bologna, Cossa as Legate in, [344]
Bologna, Council of Trent transferred to, [442], [521]
Bonaventura, St., on absolution, [346]
on abuse of confessional, [350]
on dilapidation of church property, [407]
Boniface IX., legalized simony under, [398]
he relaxes the rule of Fulda, [404]
Boniface of Canterbury, [290]
Boniface of Lausanne, his fate, [341]
Boniface, St., his scruples as to Frankish clergy, [128]
he reforms the Frankish clergy, [131]
attempts on his life, [133]
on infanticide caused by celibacy, [137]
on Anglo-Saxon church, [163]
he founds Abbey of Fulda, [404]
Bonizo of Piacenza, martyrdom of, [222]
Bonn, Old Catholic Synod of, in 1878, [604]
Bonner, Bishop, deprives married priests, [478]
his visitation of London, [479]
scandals concerning him, [486]
Bonosus, his heresy, [68]
Books of canon law burned by Luther, [418]
Bora, Catharine von, marries Luther, [425]
Bordeaux, Councils of, in 1583, 1624, [560]
in 1850, [626]
Borgia, Roderic, his character, [345]
Boseteha, wife of Cosmo of Prague, [245]
Bosnia, heretics of, [369]
Bossaert d’Avesnes, case of, [323]
Bossu d’Arras, Le, on Alex. IV., [334]
Bossuet, his probable marriage, [582]
Botoa, monastery of, [306]
Bougaud, Abbé, on dangers to the church, [638]
Bourges, Council of, in 1031, [179]
in 1528, [515]
in 1584, [560]
in 1800, [595]
in 1850, [626]
Bourne, Sir John, complains of Chapter of Worcester, [491]
his quarrel with Sandys, [496]
Boussard, Geoffroi, on origin of celibacy, [29]
on dispensing power, [407]
Boutaric on droit de marquette, [355]
Bouthors on droit de marquette, [355]
Boyer on droit de marquette, [354]
Bracton on position of concubines, [197]
Braga, Councils of, in 563, 572, and 675, [80]
Brahmanism, asceticism of, [23]
Branda, Cardinal, his reforms, [392]
Brazil, suppression of monasteries in, [609]
Brecislas of Bohemia, [243]
Bremen, Council of, in 1266, [253]
Breslau, Council of, in 1279, [252]
in 1416, [338]
in 1580, [555]
Brethren of the Cross, [385]
Brethren, Orthodox, [385]
Bribes to avert suppression of monasteries, [454]
Brice, St., case of, [77]
Bridfrith, his life of St. Dunstan, [166]
Bristol, see of, created, [460]
Britanny, church of, [120]
priestly marriage in, [259]
heresies in, [371]
British clergy, their corruption, [159]
church, discipline of, [160]
in 9th century, [171]
Brixen, schismatic Synod of, in 1080, [238]
orthodox Synod, in 1603, [562]
Brothels kept by prelates, [429]
frequented by priests, [586]
de Brou-Laurière, case of, [600]
Bruges, Synod of, in 1693, [562]
Brunhilda, appeal of Gregory I. to, [124]
Bruno of Toul created pope, [187]
Bruno St., reforms effected by, [265]
founds the Grande Chartreuse, [404]
Brunswick, chapter of, in 1476, [400]
Brut y Tywysogion on married clergy, [171]
Bruys, Pierre de, his heresy, [370]
Bucer insists on priestly marriage, [441]
Buddha, Sankhyism of, [23]
his legend, [35]
death of his mother, [68]
Buddhism, its influence on Christianity, [34]
its connection with Manichæism, [44]
its system of monachism, [94]
Bulgaria, Manichæism transmitted through, [207]
Bulgarian church, rules for, [141]
Bull, Papal, Exsurge Domine, [418]
Ad canonum, [516]
Cum primum, [548]
Horrendum, [548]
Ad Romanum, [549]
Quæ ordini, [549]
Postquam verus, [550]
Quemadmodum sollicitus, [552]
Cum sicut nuper, [568]
Universi Dominici gregis, [569]
Etiam pastoralis, [577]
Sacramentum pœnitentiæ, [577]
Auctorem fidei, [587]
suppressing English monasteries, [447]-9
excommunicating Henry VIII., [455]
defining Cardinal Pole’s powers, [478]
reconciling England, [483]
Burckhardt of Worms on celibacy, [178]
his instructions to confessors, [566]
Bure, Idelette de, Calvin’s wife, [498]
Burghley endeavors to restrain Q. Elizabeth, [492]
Burgos, Council of, in 1080, [304]
Burial, Christian denied to married priests, [192]
Burial, Christian, denied to concubines, [310]
Burmah, number of monks in, [95]
Burnet, Bishop, on the English monasteries, [451]
on the Beggars’ Petition, [453]
Burning alive threatened for married priests, in 1524, [423]
Butler, John, on marriage of clergy, [466]
Cabassut on Apostolical canons, [49]
Cadalus, his election as antipope, [200]
his cause embraced by Milan, [215]
Cadam, Transaction of, [439]
Cadière, Catherine, case of, [579]
Cæsarea, Synod of, about [360], [61]
Cæsarius, St., of Arles, Rule of, [112]
on marriage of nuns, [111]
Cæsarius of Heisterbach on influence of priesthood, [346]
Cain Patraic, the, [159]
two classes of bishops in, [295]
Caisho, priest of, his case, [485]
Calabria, celibacy enforced in, [76], [320]
Calatrava, knights of, marriage permitted to, [364]
Calini, Archbp., his reports from Trent, [534]
Calixtins, the, [383]
Calixtus I., his laxity, [37]
Calixtus II., on Manichæism, [208]
he enforces celibacy in France, [267]
his consequent unpopularity, [268]
he declares marriage dissolved by orders, [313]
on abuse of confessional, [567]
Calixtus, his work on celibacy, [583]
Calne, Council of, in 978, [170]
Calvi, Donato, on religious orders, [96]
Calvin, his confession of faith, [498]
his marriage, [498]
Calvinism, [498]-513
its discipline, [498]
clerical marriage a matter of course, [498], [510]
Calvinist converts, marriage of, [499]
Camaldoli, monks of, [183]
their demoralization, [393]
Cambrai, Manichæism in 1025, [207]
Hildebrandine doctrine punished, [236]
Council of, in 1025, [208]
in 1550, [528]
in 1565 and 1567, [559]
in 1631, [560]
in 1661, [576]
Camin, Synods of, in 1454 and 1492, [402]
Campeggi, Card., persecutes married priests, [423]
heresy justified by clerical immorality, [430]
assists in suppression of English monasteries, [449]
Canada, duration of vows in, [613]
modern Councils of, [626]-7, [633]
Canonical age for resident women, [626]
Canons, Apostolical (see Apostolical).
Canons regular, institution of, [134]
of Fécamp, expulsion of, [155]
discussion concerning their marriage, [263]
Canons are forced to cloistered life, [265]
marriage of, in 12th century, [270]
hereditary in England, [272]
replace Culdees in Scotland, [300]
laxity of their rule, [307]
of Compostella, reform of, [305]
demoralization of, in 15th cent., [399]
their unclerical habits, Germany, 14th century, [340]
of Brunswick in 1476, their morals, [401]
of Lausanne, their demoralization, [429]
of Munster, refuse to be reformed, [548]
of Milan, their contest with St. Charles Borromeo, [550]
Canterbury, Christ Church, in 11th cent. [171]
number of married clergy in, [489]
“Capacities” given to ejected monks, [455]
Capito, Wolf. Fab., persecutes married priests, [420]
is married, [423]
Caprara, Legate, on married priests, [596]
Capua, Council of, in 389, [68]
Caraffa, Card., on need of reformation, [522]
Cardinalate, childlessness a prerequisite, [550]
Cardinal’s college, founded by Wolsey, [447]
Carinthia, enforcement of celibacy in, [233]
Carloman seeks to reform the church, [128], [130]
enters Monte Casino, [134]
Carlostadt advocates priestly marriage, [419]
favors the Anabaptists, [438]
Carlovingian alliance with the church, [128]
civilization, its disappearance, [143]
Carmelites, corruption of, [353], [587]
Carnarvonshire, complaints of priests in, [400]
Carpocrates, heresy of, [34]
Carracioli, Bishop of Troyes, married, [499]
Carterius, Bishop, case of, [37]
Carthage, immorality in, [82]
Council of, in 348, [100]
in 390, [73]
in 397, [73]
in 398, [49], [73]
in 401, [74]
in 411, [107]
in 419, [74]
Carthusian asceticism, [359]
Carthusians of London resist Henry VIII., [450]
Cashel, Archb. of, on children of bishops, [297]
Cashel, Council of, in 1171, [298]
in 1853, [633]
Cassander, G., on clerical marriage, [542]
Cassianus, heresy of, [33]
Cassianus, St., Rule of, [101], [110]
Cassiodorus relates the story of Paphnutius, [57]
Caste, priestly, dangers of creating, [225]
Castel-Fuerte, Marques del, [565]
Castration of Galli, [50]
Castro, Alfonso de, heresy justified by clerical wickedness, [430]
Casuistry applied to solicitation, [571], [575], [576]
its effect on morality, [578]
Catarini, Card., and the Vatican Council, [604]
Catarino, Ambrogio, [418]
Cathari, heresy of, [207], [367]
Catharine von Bora, [425]
Catherine de Medicis on reception of Council of Trent, [546]
her efforts for clerical marriage, [559]
Catholicism, observances borrowed from Buddhism, [35]
from Mazdeism, [44]
Catholics, persecution of, in Scotland, [512]
Caumont, case of married priest of, [258]
Cavour introduces civil marriage in Sardinia, [605]
suppresses monasteries in Sardinia, [609]
Céle-dé, or Culdee, [299]
Celestin III. on vows and marriage, [321]
on hereditary priesthood, [326]
Celestin (pseudo) on abuse of confessional, [567]
Celibacy, its influence on history, [19]
its post-apostolical origin admitted, [27]
not favored in Apost. Constitutions, [48]
its enforcement by Council of Elvira in 305, [50]
not required by Council of Nicæa, [53]
its first enforcement, [64]
opposition to it, [67]
attributed to Gregory I., [124]
and to Gregory VII., [224]
its necessity to the church, [193], [225]
deprecated by Alexander III., [325]
its final enforcement, [330]
its results, [331]-361
Wickliffe’s opinion of it, [379]
condemned by Lollards, [381]
maintained by Hussites, [384]
not observed by Orthodox Brethren, [385]
nor by Brethren of the Cross, [385]
evils attributed to, [394]
is deprecated in 15th century, [405]
is denounced by Luther, [418]
is the main obstacle to reunion, [544]
is made a point of faith in 1528, [515]
and by Council of Trent, [536], [640]
and by the Inquisition, [603]
attacked in the 18th century, [582]
persecuted in French Revolution, [593]
reëstablished after the Terror, [595]
modern policy of the church, [602]-4
is likely to be maintained in the future, [607], [608]
modern influence of, [638]
Celibates, disabilities of, removed, [99]
Celsus of Armagh, [296]
Celtic churches, original purity of, [295]
Cenobitic life, commencement of, [97]
Ceres, celibacy of priestesses of, [50]
Cereza, father, of Monza, [621]
Cesarini, Cardinal, on revolt against church, [395]
Ceylon, number of monks in, [95]
Chalcedon, Council of, in 451, [107]
Chalons, Council of, in 649, [80]
in 813, [567]
in 893, [142]
Chantries, English, absorption of, [459]
Charibert, his laws on forcible marriage, [120]
Charity of the monastic orders, [358]
Charity in modern church, [612], [616]
religious organization of, in France, [615]
Charlemagne, his efforts to reform the church, [134], [135]
Charles, Archduke, asks for clerical marriage, [544]
Charles Borromeo, St., his reforms, [550]-2
Charles-le-Chauve on appellate jurisdiction of Rome, [139]
Charles the Lame imposes fines on concubinage, [339]
Charles Martel oppresses the church, [129]
his punishment, [130]
Charles IV. (Emp.) urges reform, [340]
Charles V. (Emp.), his policy in 1530, [435]
he temporizes with the Reformation, [439], [440]
he issues the Interim, [441]
he demands dispensations for married priests, [442]
he accepts the Reformation, [443]
his demands for Council of Trent, [519]
he objects to its transfer to Bologna, [521]
on the reforms of Paul III., [522]
he seeks to reform the German church, [524]
Charles VII. (France) fines concubinary priests, [396]
Charles IX. (France) asks for clerical marriage, [533], [641]
Charles de Valois intervenes in Flanders, [323]
Charter-House, monks of, their fate, [450]
Charter of Oswalde’s Law, [169]
Charters of 1814 and 1830, [600]
Chartier, Alain, on condition of church, [394]
Chartreuse, strictness of rules of, [404]
Chassidim, [24]
Chastity, estimate of, by Cassianus, [102]
feudal tenure by, [153], [311]
gift of, to be obtained by seeking, [331], [530], [536]
gift of, assured by Council of Trent, [624]
sacrifice of, [21]
vows of, their introduction, [41]
their perversion, [127]
required for holy orders, [179]
in military orders, [362]
maintained in the Six Articles, [468]
papal dispensation for, [535], [642]
never dispensed for, [611]
prelates at Trent sworn to support, [533]
Châtillon, Cardinal de, his marriage, [499]
Chaucer on priest’s children, [338]
on corrupting influence of priests, [351]
Chavard, Abbé, case of, [601]
on age of ordination, [624]
Chelsea, Council of, in 787, [164]
Chepstow, Abbess of, accuses Dr. London, [457]
Cheregato, Legate, on priestly immunity, [424]
Chertsey, monastery of, reformed, [169]
Chester, see of, created, [460]
Childebert, his laws on forcible marriage, [120]
Child-bearing, importance of, among the Jews, [21]
Child-bearing, St. Paul’s estimate of, [31]
Children cause ineligibility to episcopate, [87]
and to cardinalate, [550]
Children of ecclesiastics (see Hereditary transmission).
in tenth century, [145], [146], [148], [149]
ordained by Adalbero of Metz, [154]
disabilities of, in 11th century, [179]
yet openly provided for, [181]
ineligibility of, [184]
refused preferment by Henry III., [187]
admitted by Alexander II., [205]
declared infamous in 1266, [253]
openly acknowledged in Normandy, [258]
have claims on paternal benefice, [265]
disallowed in England in 1102, [274]
their ordination permitted in 1107, [276]
refused in 1144, [281]
universal in 13th century, [285]
forbidden in 1237, [288]
universal in Spain, [304], [305], [311], [400]
favored by dispensing power, [321]
forbidden by Celestin III., [326]
rendered heritable by Fred. II., [335]
fruitless efforts to prevent it, [327]-8
legislation of Clement VII., [616]
papal dispensation for, [517]
regulations in Scotland, 1559, [505]
of Council of Trent, [538]
of Pius V., [548]
of Synod of Augsburg, 1610, [549]
of Salzburg, 1616, [554]
of Osnabruck in 1625, [558]
of apostate priests in France, [500]
of priests by slaves emancipated, [563]
of knights of Spanish orders, [364]
of Anglican priests legitimated in 1552, [476]
legitimated under Elizabeth, [488]
held illegitimate, [494], [496]
China, development of Buddhism in, [95]
Christ, his toleration of Essenism, [25]
Christ Church College founded by Wolsey, [447]
Christians, puritanism of early, [32]
Christians, heretics of Bosnia, [369]
Christianity, purifying influence of, [354]
Chrodegang of Metz, Rule of, [134]
Chrysostom, St. John, on virginity, [85]
Church, morals of (see Morals).
the Ante-Nicene, [31]
the Latin, its influence, [17]
its temporalities endangered by marriage, [63], [123]
extension of its jurisdiction, [139]
growth of its independence, [143]
it is a protector of the weak, [182]
necessity of celibacy to it, [193]
its responsibility, [355]
enmity against it in 15th cent., [394], [395]
its growth under Pius IX., [608]
its superiority to the State, [618]
its modern claims, [639]
lands, question of, in Reformation, [437], [439]
fate of, in England, [454]
Church lands, fate of, in Scotland, [508]
in France, [589]
in Italy, [609]
Churches, confessions only to be heard in, [574]
Churching of wives of priests forbidden, [595]
Cincinnati, Council of, in 1861, [627]
Cipriani, Gius., on clerical morality, [632]
Circester, Synod of, in 1289, [350]
Circumcelliones, [107], [109]
Cirita, Juan, St., case of, [111]
Cistercian order, relaxation of, [403]
Cistercian Rule adopted by knights of Calatrava and Avis, [364], [365]
Cities, monks not allowed to enter, [108]
Civil marriage, [605]-7
practical control of church over, [607]
Civil power invoked to remove concubines, [559], [560]
Civilization promoted by monachism, [113], [357]
Clarembald, Abbot, his morals, [281]
Clares, barefooted, in Paris, [612]
Claude of Evreux essays reform, [560]
Claude of Macon essays reform, [515]
Claustrals, Franciscan, [402]
Clemanges on condition of church, [343], [388], [389], [390], [394]
Clement II. appointed by Henry III., [184]
endeavors to suppress simony, [185]
Clement III. on self-mutilation, [40]
on children of bishops, [297]
enforces the canons, [326]
Clement IV. enforces celibacy in Austria, [251]
and in Denmark, [253]
Clement VII. maintains the claims of the church, [435]
his bulls to Wolsey, [448]
on hereditary transmission, [516]
Clement III. (Antipope) on concubinage, [238]
his death in 1100, [242]
Clement of Alexandria on heresies, [33]
on the Virgin, [68]
Clement, Bishop, case of, [132]
Clément of Versailles on clerical marriage, [594]
Cléonique, frère, case of, [620]
Clergy worse than laity, [168], [265], [282], [428]-31, [530], [552]
it corrupts the laity, [340], [353], [388], [504], [518], [532], [560], [629]
Clergy, Anglican, position of, [497]
French, become antagonistic to Revolution, [589]
their present position, [637]
Spanish, their rudeness, [302]
resistance of, to celibacy, [202], [212], [222], [228], [231]
statistics of, in modern times, [588], [593], [630]
Clermont, Council of, in 1095, [263]
in 1130, [314]
Cleves, Duke of, demands clerical marriage, [531]
Climène, frère, case of, [637]
Clotair I., laws on forcible marriage, [120]
Clotair II. on monastic excesses, [115]
Clovesho, Council of, in 747, [164]
Cnut the Great, his laws, [173]
Cochin China, abuse of confessional in, [578]
Cochlæus, John, on Confession of Augsburg, [542]
Code civile, clerical marriage under, [597]
Cœur de Jésus, society of, [613]
Coklaw, Thomas, marriage of, [509]
Colet, John, his work, [445]
Colloquy of Poissy in 1561, [559]
Cologne, Council of, in 1146, [208]
in 1260, [338]
in 1306, [377]
in 1307 and 1310, [340]
in 1423, [393]
in 1527, [514]
in 1536, [518]
in 1548, [526]
in 1549, 1550, 1551, [527]
in 1651, [562]
in 1662, [558], [562]
in 1860, 1863, [627], [633]
Manichæism in 1146, [207]
condemnation of Lolhard in, [377]
clerical marriage forbidden in 1548, [530]
proportion of clergy in, [631]
Archbishop of, asks for clerical marriage, [539]
Coloman, King, enforces celibacy, [249]
Columba, St., his labors, [126]
his mission to Scotland, [160]
Comedians forbidden to perform in nunneries, [527]
Commendone, Legate, promises clerical marriage, [531]
Comminges, miracle occurring in, [269]
Communion, refusal of, in Belgium, [623]
Communion in both elements in early church, [44]
refused to laity, [45]
demanded by the Hussites, [384]
by Emperor Ferdinand, [530]
by Bavaria, [536]
by Charles IX., [641]
granted to Germany, [541]
withdrawn, [543]
Comparative merits of virginity and marriage, [46], [47], [318], [347]
settled by Council of Trent, [536], [641]
Compiègne, marriage of priests in, [270]
Compostella, Council of, in 1056, [303]
in 1113, [303], [306]
canons of, [302]
their reform, [305]
Compurgation, immunity gained by, [140]
Concordat of 1516 with France, [428]
of 1801, [595]
clerical marriage under it, [596]-98
monastic orders forbidden, [613]
Concubinage, punishment of, by Justinian, [87]
is worse than marriage in Milan, [210]
is more venial than marriage in orthodoxy, [349], [627]
is recognized as a necessity, [353], [389]
its punishment under the Six Articles, [468]
in Anglican Church, [494]
its recognition asked for, [527]
its punishment at Trent, [538]
Concubinage in the modern church, [626]-32
(See, also, Licenses to Sin.)
Concubinarians ineligible in Saxon Church, [162]
proportion of, among the clergy, [519]
Concubines of clergy in Spain, [121], [517]
priests compelled to keep them, [310], [388]
priests fined for not keeping them, [389]
they acquire legal position, [339]
they do not count in digamy, [349]
are liable to death under the Six Articles, [468]
are not punished at Trent, [539]
secular aid invoked for their removal, [559], [560]
Concubines, their position in middle ages, [196]
Condom, persecution of celibacy, [593]
Confessio Goliæ on celibacy, [290]
Confession of Augsburg, [436], [443]
Confession of Faith, Calvinistic, [498]
Confession not good against accomplice, [291]
Confession, auricular, commencement of, [566]
dispensation from, [428]
Confessional, abuse of, in middle ages, [311], [350], [352]
in Germany, 16th century, [432]
in nunneries, [523]
acknowledged at Trent, [534]
in post-Tridentine Church, [566]-80
in Italy, 18th century, [586], [588]
in modern times, [632]-7
testimony of Ernest Renan, [625]
Confessionals, regulations concerning, [574], [632]
Confessors, guilty, absolution by, [575]-7
protection accorded to them, [570], [633]
Confiscation of estates of married priests, [87]
Congregations, religious, subjected to the State, in 1760, [585]
Conjo, convent of S. Maria of, [307]
Conrad, King of Lombardy, [220]
Conrad, Legate, holds Council of Mainz, [337]
Conrad of Mainz on the Hussites, [384]
Conrad of Prague, the Hussite, [384]
Conrad of Wurtzburg on morals of clergy, [424], [431]
Consenza, Council of, in 1579, [553]
Conseyo de la Suprema on solicitation, [569], [571]
Consilium de emendanda ecclesia, [516], [522], [549]
put into the Index, [523]
Constance, enforcement of celibacy in, [229]
assembly of, in 1094, [243]
Council of, in 1415, deposes John XXIII., [343]
its failure, [390]
Synod of, in 1567, [430], [562]
in 1609, [557], [562]
Bishop of, defends his clergy, [340]
Constance of Burgundy, her influence, [304]
Constantine assembles the C. of Nicæa, [52]
encourages monachism, [99]
Constantine Copronymus, persecution of monks by, [90]
Constantine (Pope) threatens Witiza, [121]
Constantine of St. Symphorian, [154]
Constantinople, Council of, in 381, [84]
in 400, [85]
in 680, [88]
Constitutions, Apostolical (see Apostolical).
Constitution of 1791, clerical marriage in, [591]
Contarini, Cardinal, on need of reformation, [522]
on evils of celibacy, [561]
Continence overbalanced by pride, [32]
Continence, vows of (see Chastity).
Convention, National, supports clerical marriage, [594]
Convents (see Monachism).
Converts from Catholicism, marriage of, [499], [500]
Convocation of 1547 approves of clerical marriage, [472]
of 1554 enforces celibacy, [480]
of 1557, its legislation, [485]
Coptic Church, customs of, [92]
Corella, affair of, [572]
Corruption of laity by clergy, [265], [350], [518], [548]
Cosmo of Prague, case of, [245]
Cossa, Balthazar, his crimes, [343]
Cotta, Landolfo, seeks archbishopric of Milan, [209]
is excommunicated, [212]
his life threatened, [213]
his death, [215]
Councils, revision of their proceedings at Rome, [628]
of France, in 1797 and 1800, [595]
Countesses, bishop’s wives rank as, [259]
Cournand, Abbé, proposes clerical marriage, [590]
his marriage, [591]
Courtenay of Canterbury on Wickliffe, [379]
Courtesans in Rome, necessity for, [550]
Court of Augmentations, the, [454]
Courts, mixed, for married priests, [257]
Cowl, Luther’s wearing of the, [421]
Cows as source of episcopal revenue, [297]
Cox, Bishop, on Q. Elizabeth’s Injunctions, [492]
Cozza, Card., on abuse of confessional, [575]
Cranach, Lucas, his portraits of Catharine von Bora, [425]
Cranmer on immunity for adultery, [447]
intercedes for Thomas Patmore, [462]
urges priestly marriage on Henry VIII., [463]
opposes the Six Articles, [467]
his marriages, [469]
encourages priestly marriage, [472], [473]
prepares the Forty-two Articles, [475]
his children claimed as slaves, [190]
Creed of Piers Ploughman, [352]
on Carmelites, [353]
on sacerdotal powers, [355]
on Franciscans, [376]
Cremona, reform of priesthood in, [217]
Cromwell, bribes tendered to, [454], [460]
he favors priestly marriage, [463]
he mitigates the Six Articles, [470]
his fall, [471]
Crossed-Friars, case of Abbot of, [457]
Culdees, [299]
their disappearance, [300]
Cullagium (see Licenses).
Culm, Synod of, in 1745, [562]
Cumad espuc, or virgin bishop, [295]
Cunegunda, St., her asceticism, [176]
Cunha, Rod. à, on solicitation, [571]
Cunibert of Turin, laxity of, [203]
Cuno of Ratisbon, [184]
Cuthbert of Canterbury reforms Saxon Church, [164]
Cuthbert of London prohibits the Beggars’ Petition, [453]
Cuyck, Bish., on corruption of Church, [557]
Cynog, Book of, priestly marriage in, [294]
Cyprian, St., on vows of continence, [41], [42]
on martyrdom and virginity, [46]
Cyril, St., his use of monachism, [106]
Cyrillus converts Bohemia, [244]
Dabralis of Spalatro, degradation of, [188]
Daimbert of Sens, his negligence, [263]
Dalmatia, priestly marriage in 10th century, [149]
in 11th century, [188]
relaxation of canons in, [204]
enforcement of celibacy in, [250]
Dalmatia, Synod of, in 1194, [250]
Damasus I. asserts sacerdotal celibacy, [64]
on marriage of nuns, [103]
Damasus II., his pontificate, [187]
Damhouder, Josse, on character of clergy, [557]
Damiani, St. Peter, his early career, [186]
his character, [193]
on troubles of abbots, [154]
he urges Clement II. to reform, [185]
and Leo IX., [188]
his Liber Gomorrhianus, [188]
is forced to leave his retreat in 1057, [192]
on sacraments of sinful priests, [195]
he stigmatizes wives of priests, [196]
he endeavors to reform the prelates, [198]
he confutes the Tuscan chaplains, [199]
on election of Cadalus, [200]
on heresy of sacerdotal marriage, [201]
his continued efforts, [202]
his motives and arguments, [204]
his mission to Milan, [213]
Damnation for dissidence on celibacy, [640]
Dampierre, case of the, [323]
Dancing mania, cause assigned to, [351]
Danes, effect of their incursions, [139]
Danes, Pierre, his repartee at Trent, [413]
Darius, Silvester, papal collector, [417]
Daughters (see Children).
Davanzati, Bishop, favors clerical marriage, [583]
Daviaux of Bordeaux prohibits clerical marriage, [597]
David I., his reforms, [300]
Dax, Council of, in 1585, [560]
Daylight, confessions only to be heard during, [574]
Deaconesses, ordination of, forbidden, [60]
their marriage punished, [96]
Deacons allowed to marry, [39]
their marriage forbidden, [86]
Deans of Friesland, [254]
Death penalty for marrying a nun, [100]
for marriage under Six Articles, [468]
for celibacy in 1793, [593]
Debra, Abbé, case of, [635], [637]
Decretals, False, on clerical chastity, [136]
Decretum Gratiani, compilation of, [317]
denies apostolic origin of celibacy, [28]
De la Croix, deputy, on unmarried priests, [592]
De la Sallé, Abbé, [617]
Demeter, worship of, in Athens, [50]
Democratic element in the Church, [226]
Denis, St., mistaken relics of, [217]
Denmark, position of concubines in, [197]
enforcement of celibacy in, [253]
Dens, Peter, on Italian morality, [631]
Denunciation, duty of, by seduced women, [576], [633]
Denunciations, Edict of, [569]
Desforges on clerical marriage, [582]
Desiderius of Monte Casino, [180]
Devonshire rebels demand the Six Articles, [469]
Devotees permitted to return to the world, [41], [97]
Diabolic possession of priests’ wives, [235]
Diaconate, women admitted to, [60]
Diaz de Luco, on dissolution of marriage, [317]
on concubinage, [517]
on abuse of confessional, [568]
Diego Gelmirez, his reforms, [305]
Diet, German, complaints of, in 1510, [411]
Diet of Hungary, in 1498, [401]
Diether of Mainz, case of, [412]
Digami, ordination of, forbidden, [37], [86], [89], [123]
their prevalence in British Church, [159]
in 10th century, [148]
condemned by Council of Spalatro, [149]
ineligible in Anglo-Saxon Church, [162]
recognition of, in 11th century, [202]
not allowed in Milan, [210]
condemned in Hungary, [249]
condemned by some of the German reformers, [426]
Digamy, concubines do not count in, [349]
rule of, ridiculed by Luther, [418]
Dilapidation of church property, [123], [145], [147]
Dimitri of Dalmatia assumes the crown, [250]
Dingolfing, Council of, in 772, [135]
Dionysius of Corinth on asceticism, [34]
Dionysius, King, founds Order of Jesus Christ, [365]
Disabilities of married priests, [294]
Dispensations, papal, evil influence of, [397]
sale of, [321], [322], [345], [398], [516], [517], [522]
power of, debated, [407]
for unchastity, [131]
for marriage, sale of, [522]
for married priests, [442]
from confession, [428]
from vows of chastity, [535], [642]
refused by Pius IX., [611]
in favor of priests’ children, [505], [516], [549]
Divorces of married priests in England, [470], [478]
Dogma, celibacy, a matter of, [641]
Döllinger and the Old Catholic movement, [604]
Dominicans, influence of, [375]
admitted to France in 1840, [614]
Donati, Girolamo, attempts to murder St. Charles, [551]
Donatist heresy condemned, [107]
revived by Theodore of Canterbury, [162]
by Nicholas II., [194]
by Gregory VII., [227]
by Innocent II., [246]
condemned by Lucius III., [195]
and by St. Anselm, [288]
revived by the heretics, [368], [374], [379], [383]
Döringk on sale of indulgences, [397]
Dorothea of Denmark, marriage of, [434]
Dortmund, Council of, in 1005, [155]
Down, St. Malachi’s episcopate of, [296]
Dracontius, case of, [58]
Dress, clerical, regulated at Constance, [391]
Drogo of Terouane persecutes Watten, [260]
Droit de marquette, [354]
Dualism in Manichæism, [43]
of the Albigenses, [208], [367]
Dublin, Councils of, in 1186 and 1217, [298]
Du Fail, Noël, on clerical corruption, [561]
Dumonteil, case of, [600], [641]
Dunbar, Bishop, his immorality, [503]
Dunstan, St., takes the vows, [166]
his miraculous preservation, [171]
Dupanloup, Bishop, on the Syllabus, [642]
Du Pin, Louis Ellies, on clerical marriage, [581]
Duprat, Cardinal, his efforts at reform, [515]
Durand, William, advocates clerical marriage, [405]
Durham, Council of, in 1220, [288]
Eadmer on results of celibacy, [278]
East Anglia, defence of monasteries in, [170]
Eastern church, divergence of, [83]
its rules as to celibacy, [86]
its monachism, [106]
Easter, different computations of, [161], [163]
Ebionim, or Poor Men, [27]
accused of immorality, [34]
Ebrard, his history of Watten, [260]
Ecclesiastical procedure, immunity caused by, [140]
Ecclesiastics, children of (see Children).
immorality of (see Morals).
Ecgberht of York, his Penitential, [163]
Eck, Dr., his conference with Melanchthon, [440]
Edgar the Pacific, penitence imposed on, [167]
his reformatory zeal, [169]
Edict of Denunciation, priestly marriage in, [536]
solicitation in, [569]
Edinburgh, Council of, in 1549, [504]
in 1559, [505]
Edith, Queen of Edward the Confessor, [175]
Edmund I. on immorality of priests, [166]
Education, monastic influence on, [358], [616]-21
secularization of, in France, [623]
Edward and Guthrun on immorality of clerks, [166]
Edward the Martyr supports Dunstan, [170]
Edward the Confessor, his virginity, [175]
Edward, Bishop of Scaren, [279]
Edward VI., his accession, [472]
his funeral services, [477]
Egara, Council of, in 614, [80]
Eggard of Sleswick, his fate, [402]
Eggs, punishment for eating, in Lent, [511]
Egypt, purity required of priests, [50]
neglect of celibacy in, [85]
Egyptian monachism, commencement of, [97]
Ejection of married priests, [594]
Elect, Manichæan, [46]
Election of popes limited to Roman clergy, [200]
Eleuchadio, Abbot of Fiano, [180]
Elfhere of Mercia supports the married priests, [170]
Elfritha, her intrigues against Edward, [170]
Elizabeth, Queen, her hesitation as to priestly marriage, [487]
her assent to it, [488]
her continued repugnance, [489], [493]
her insolence to Mrs. Parker, [491]
her Injunctions of Ipswich, [492]
Elna, Council of, in 1027, [303]
Elphege of Winchester and St. Dunstan, [166]
Elvira, Council of, in 305, on digami, [37]
celibacy introduced by, [50]
on morals of nuns, [99]
Emancipation of nuns in 1523, [425]
Emancipatore Cattolico, the, [606]
Embden, Count of, promotes marriage of nuns, [435]
Embrun, Council of, in 1727, [626]
Emanuel, King, grants marriage to military orders, [365]
Emo of Wittewerum on priestly marriage, [254]
Empire, Roman, licentiousness under, [32]
Emser, Jerome, his epithalamium on Luther, [426]
Encratitians, heresy of, [33], [44]
Encyclical, papal, Mirari vos, [601]
Qui pluribus, [602]
Incredibili afflictamur, [609]
Neminem latet, [611]
Encyclicals of Leo XIII. on civil marriage, [605]
Enforcement of celibacy in 4th century, [67]-82
by Gregory I., [123]
in 8th century, [131]
attributed to Gregory VIII., [224]
difficulties attending it, [229]
in 12th century, [245]
in Bohemia, [246]
in Germany, [247]
in Hungary, [249]
in Poland, [251]
in Sweden, [252]
in Denmark, [253]
in France, [255]
in Normandy, [257]
in Flanders, [261]
by Calixtus II., [268]
in England, [273]
in Ireland, [296]
in Scotland, [300]
in Spain, [304]
by Innocent III., [327]
finally successful, [330]
by Henry VIII., [468]
by Queen Mary, [480]
by Council of Trent, [536]
after the Terror, [595]
Engelheim, Council of, in 948, [149]
England, disorders caused by Anglo-Saxon priests, [147]
Saxon period, [159]
celibacy at first enforced, [162]
introduction of marriage in 9th century, [166]
disorders in 10th century, [167]
reformation attempted, [168]
its failure, [172]
church under Cnut the Great, [174]
under Edward the Confessor, [176]
position of concubines in, [197]
heresy in 1166, [207]
enforcement of celibacy in, [271]
marriage still prevalent in 13th century, [285]
hereditary benefices, [272], [281], [282], [285]
excitement caused by introduction of celibacy, [289]
priestly marriage becomes obsolete, [291]
delay in enforcing the canons, [318], [320]
marriage of priests’ children, [338]
Hali Meidenhad, [347]
Begghards in, [378]
Wickliffe and Lollardry, [379]
demoralization in 15th century, [394], [399]
restrictions on papal power in 1517, [417]
the reformation in, [444] sqq.
Dr. Geddes’s modest apology, [584]
case of Shaw v. Starr and Kennedy, [611]
Council of Westminster in 1852, [626]
English bishops in Sweden, [278]
priests in Ireland, [298]
Enham, Council of, in 1009, [172]
Éon de l’Étoile, [371]
Epaone, Council of, in 513, [60]
in 517, [80]
Ephraem Syrus on Manichæism, [44]
Epiphanius on Ebionites, [27], [34]
his Manichæan tendencies, [48]
on agapetæ, [54]
on female ministration, [60]
on the Antidicomarianitarians, [69]
on non-observance of celibacy, [84]
on temporary nature of vows, [97]
Episcopissa, [152]
Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum, [413], [414], [415]
Erasmus on religious immorality, [356]
his relation to the reformation, [414]
on indulgences, [417]
on priestly marriage, [432]
on abuse of confessional, [567]
Erchenbald on infanticide, [137]
Erfurt, Synod of, in 1074, [231]
Eriberto of Milan, his episcopate, [208]
Erlembaldo, St., popular chief of Milan, [209]
assumes leadership of Paterins, [215]
his death, [219]
Ermeland, Synod of, in 1497, [402]
in 1577, [562]
Ernest of Magdeburg, his cynicism, [398]
Erskine, Lord, characterized by Knox, [508]
Escobar, his casuistry, [578]
d’Espeisses, President, on Italian morals, [552]
d’Espense, Claude, on virginity of the Virgin, [69]
on clerical morality, [559]
Essenes, asceticism of, [25]
Ethelred the Unready, state of England under, [171]
Ethelwold of Winchester, his reforming zeal, [168]
Eucharist, modified by Manichæism, [44]
Eucherius, St., his vision, [130]
Eugenius II. on concubinage, [196]
Eugenius III. dissolves marriage of priests, [315]
convicts Éon de l’Étoile, [372]
Eugenius IV. permits marriage to Knights of Calatrava, [364]
orders Council of Bâle dissolved, [395]
Eulalius condemns Eustathius, [61]
Euphronius of Autun, [79]
Euphronius of Tours, [119]
Euron, Abbey of, its reform, [264]
Eusebius condemns priestly marriage, [51]
Eustathius, heresy of, [61]
Eutychianism of monastic order, [107]
Evangelical Doctor, Wickliffe the, [382]
Evenus of St. Melanius, [259]
Evreux, Synod of, in 1576, [560]
Excalceati, heresy of, [33]
Excommunication, effectiveness of, [134]
Exemptions conferred on ecclesiastics, [99]
Exeter, Bishop of, on children of priests, [286]
case of subdeacons of, [320]
Expilly on number of French clergy, [593]
Expulsion of monks in early times, [101]
Exuperius, St., favors Vigilantius, [71]
Fabre, Bishop, of Montreal, [613]
Fah-Hian, his account of Buddhist monachism, [95]
Faith, celibacy as a point of, [515], [536], [603], [640]
clerical marriage as a point of, [490]
False Decretals on clerical chastity, [136]
Faricius of Abingdon, case of, [227]
Fasting in penance, [160]
Fauchet of Bayeux on clerical marriage, [594]
Faustinus on separation of wives, [74]
Faustus the Manichæan, [46], [75]
Fécamp reformed by Richard the Fearless, [155]
Feini, civilization of, [295]
Felix of Nantes, case of, [119]
Fellows, University, celibacy of, [492]
Felony, priestly marriage is, in Six Articles, [468]
Ferdinand (Emp.) asks use of cup for Bohemia, [384]
demands a general Council in 1522, [424]
tolerates Protestantism, [439]
on German monasteries, [452]
on clerical immorality, [519], [529]
his demands suppressed at Council of Trent, [535]
asks for clerical marriage, [530]-2, [539]
Ferdinand of Aragon supports Ximenes, [402]
Ferdinand IV. (Naples), his reforms, [583]
enacts civil marriage, [607]
Fermo, Council of, in 1726, [626]
Ferrers, Alex., case of, [502]
Ferry of Orleans, his murder, [334]
Ferry, Jules, on political influence of monachal education, [618]
enforces laws against unauthorized orders, [621]
his secularization of education, [623]
Feudal system, independence of, [182]
tenure by chastity, [153]
Fifteenth century, demoralization of, [388]
Fischer, Fred., punished for marrying, [424]
Fish, Simon, his Beggars’ Petition, [453]
Flamen Dialis, second marriage forbidden to, [36]
Flanders, enforcement of celibacy in, [259]
case of Bossaert d’Avesnes, [323]
character of post-Tridentine church, [557]
troubles arising from solicitation, [576]
Florence, Synod of, in 1057, [191]
in 1573, [553]
congregation of bishops in 1787, [587]
Florentines reject their bishop in 1060, [195]
Fluviano, Antonio, Grand Master of St. John, [366]
Focaria, introduction of the term, [283]
Fontaneto, Council of, in 1058, on priestly marriage, [212]
Forcheim, Diet of, in 1077, [236]
Formal vows dissolve marriage, [321]
Formulas, insincerity of Latin, [642]
Forret, Thomas, burnt, [510]
Forster, Andreas, his defence of celibacy, [583]
on celibacy as a point of faith, [641]
Fortescue, Sir John, on priestly marriage, [318]
Fox of Winchester unable to restore discipline, [447]
France, celibacy first introduced in 384, [64]
difficulty in enforcing it, [76]
popular desire for it, [77]
constant legislation required, [79]
morals of, in 4th century, [81]
monasticism in 7th century, [115]
state of church under the Merovingians, [118]
in 8th century, [128]
in 9th century, [136]
in 10th century, [146], [152], [155]
Council of Bourges in 1031, [179]
council of Rheims in 1049, [189]
heresies in 11th and 12th centuries, [207], [367]-75
enforcement of celibacy in, [255]
morals of clergy in 12th century, [264]
persistence of priestly marriage, [270], [318], [319], [320]
efforts of Maurice de Sully, [322]
results of celibacy, [331]
demoralization in 15th cent., [394], [399]
heresy of Jean Laillier, [408]
Concordat of 1516, [428]
the Sorbonne refuses a conference with Melanchthon, [440]
condition of church in 16th cent., [515]
clerical marriage asked of Council of Trent, [533], [641]
reception of Council of Trent refused, [546]
character of post-Tridentine church, [559]
abuse of confessional, [570], [576]
case of la Cadière, [579]
question of marriage reopened in 18th century, [581]
corruption in 18th century, [585]
the church during the Revolution, [588]-95
National Council in 1797, [595]
clerical marriage under the Concordat, [596]-8
varying policy as to clerical marriage, [599]-601
monachism in modern times, [613]-6
education by monachism, [617]-20
reaction against monachism, [621]-3
morality of clergy in, [625]
modern councils held in, [626], [633]
prosecution of clerical offenders, [635]-6
position of clergy in, [637]
Francis, St., of Assisi, on obedience, [103]
his annual visits to Purgatory, [335]
his exaltation of poverty, [376]
Francis de Sales, St., on choice of confessor, [578]
Francis I. favors League of Schmalkalden, [438]
Melanchthon submits Articles to him, [440]
Franciscans, their corruption, [350], [352], [353], [376]
their influence, [375]
reformed by Ximenes, [402]
their resistance to Henry VIII., [451]
of Bavaria on abuse of confessional, [570]
Fraticelli, the, [376]
Frederic of Lorraine created pope, [192]
Frederic I. on sons of clergy, [326]
his visit to Fulda, [404]
Frederic II. on Milanese heresies, [211]
on children of ecclesiastics, [335]
Frederic of Saxony protects married priests, [419]
acts as sponsor to child of priest, [422]
still considers himself a Catholic, [423]
Frères de la Sainte-Croix, [617]-8
Frères des Écoles Chrétiennes, [617], [619]-20
Frérots, the, [376]
Fressanges, Mdlle., case of, [600]
Freysingen, Council of, in 1440, [396]
Frideswide, St., treatment of her remains, [484]
Friesland, enforcement of celibacy in, [254]
Fringe, John, case of, [318]
Fritzlar, Council of, in 1246, [337]
Froude, Mr., on Henry VIII. and the Six Articles, [468]
Fructuosus, St., of Braga, his rule, [115]
Fuero Juzgo, clerical celibacy in, [121]
Fuess, Wolfgang, his marriage, [422]
Fulbert of Chartres on military bishops, [152]
Fulbert of Paris and Heloise, [269]
Fulda, Abbey of, its strictness, [404]
Future life, unknown to early Jews, [21]
doctrine of, introduced, [24]
Gaeidhil, conversion of the, [159]
Gall, St., his labors, [126]
Galli, castration of, [50]
Gallicia, Council of, on discipline, [308]
first nunnery in 1129, [307]
Gangra, Council of, in 362, [61]
Gardiner, Bishop, celebrates mass for Edward VI., [477]
sits in judgment on married bishops, [479]
scandals concerning him, [486]
Gaudin, Abbé, defends clerical marriage, [583]
his marriage, [591]
Gaul (see France).
Gauthier of Ponthoise, [256]
Gea Eurysternus, priestesses of, [50]
Gebhardt of Constance, election of, [229]
Gebhardt of Eichstedt created pope, [184], [191]
Gebhardt of Ratisbon, [184]
Gebhardt of Salzburg ordered to enforce celibacy, [227]
Gebizo enforces celibacy in Dalmatia, [250]
Geddes, Dr., on celibacy, [584]
Gelasius I. on second marriages, [36]
on marriage of nuns, [110]
Gelasius of Cyzicus on Paphnutius, [57]
Genebaldus of Laon, case of, [119]
Genoa, civil marriage valid in, [606]
Geoffrey of Chartres fails in his reforms, [265]
Geoffrey of Llanthony, case of, [227]
Geoffrey of Rouen enforces celibacy, [268]
Geoffrey of Tuscany, his chaplains, [199]
George of Saxony persecutes married priests, [419]
Gerard of Angoulême, case of, [269]
Gerard of Cambray on Manichæans, [208], [369]
Gerard of Florence created pope, [192]
Gerard of Lorsch, his inquiries, [148]
Gerard of Munster assists Friesland deans, [254]
Gerard of Nimeguen on clerical morality, [429]
Gerard of Sabina, his reforms, [339]
Gerbert of Aurillac on celibacy, [157]
Germain, his charter to Bèze, [265]
Germany, virtue of Teutonic tribes, [82]
reforms attempted by Carloman, [128]
condition of church in 10th century, [148], [154]
Council of Mainz, in 1049, [189]
heresies in 11th and 12th centuries, [207]
enforcement of celibacy by Gregory VII., [230]
triumph of schism in 11th century, [241]
continuance of priestly marriage, [243]
rebellion of Henry V., [244]
impossibility of enforcing the canons, [247], [318]
hereditary priesthood in 12th century, [326]
children of ecclesiastics, 13th century, [336]
testamentary provisions for, [337]
condition of monachism, 15th century, [340]
Marian, or Teutonic Order, [366]
Waldensian heresy, [375]
the Hussites, [382]
Orthodox Brethren, [382]
Brethren of the Cross, [382]
Cardinal Branda’s reforms, [392]
demoralization in 15th century, [393], [400]
the Reformation, [410]
demoralization in the 16th century, [429], [432]
success of the Reformation, [443]
morals of the monasteries, [452]
reforms attempted by Charles V., [524]-8
corruption of the clergy, [529]-32, [542]-3
demand for clerical marriage, [530]-44
clerical marriage refused, [545]
post-Tridentine immorality, [548]-56
abuse of confessional, [570], [576]
demand for clerical marriage in 18th century, [583]
in 19th century, [601], [604]
civil marriage, [605]
monachism in Austria, [615]
modern councils held in, [626]-7, [633]
census of ecclesiastics, [630]-1
Geroch of Reichersperg on sacraments of sinful priests, [195]
on disregard of canons, [317]
Gerson on origin of celibacy, [29]
on abuse of confessional, [350]
on concubinage as a necessity, [353]
on clerical immorality, [389]
Gervilius of Mainz, case of, [130]
Gervinus of St. Riquier, [176]
Ghaerbald of Liége, his canons, [135]
Gieus de Robin et de Marion, [351]
Gilbert, papal legate in Ireland, [296]
Gilbert of Chichester on abuse of confessional, [350]
Gilbert de la Porrée, condemnation of, [315]
Gildas, description of British clergy, [159]
Giles Cantor, his heresy, [385]
Giovanni Gualberto, St., [183]
Giraldus Cambrensis on origin of celibacy, [28]
on the Irish church, [297], [298]
his struggle for St. David’s, [283]
on married priests, [285]
on dispensations, [322]
he deprecates celibacy, [325]
on residence of relatives, [332]
Girard, Father, case of, [579]
Girona, Council of, in 517, [80]
in 1068, [303]
in 1078, [304]
in 1197, [373]
in 1257, 1274, [310]
Glastonbury, Abbey of, [167]
Gloucester, Augustinians of, their suppression, [457]
See of, created, [460]
Gnesen, clerical marriage in, [251]
Synod of, in 1577, [555]
Gnostics, heresy of, [33], [43]
Gobel of Paris, [594], [599]
Godric, St., case of, [111]
Godsons of bishops, wer-gild for, [162]
Godstow, the last of English abbeys, [459]
Golias Episcopus, [279]
Gomorrhianus Liber, [188]
Gonsalvo, Reginaldo, on solicitation, [569]
Goodacre, Anne, case of, [512]
Goslar, Manichæism at, in 1052, [207]
Gotefrido of Tuscany installs Victor II., [191]
Gotefrido, Archbishop of Milan, [218]
Gotfrid of Wurtzburg, his will, [337]
Goths, Spanish, their immorality, [120]
Grace, the Pilgrimage of, [455]
Gran, Synod of, in 1099, [249]
in 1382, 1450, 1480, [401]
in 1858, [627]
Grandchildren cause ineligibility to episcopate, [87]
Grandier, Urban, case of, [581]
Gratian on origin of celibacy, [28]
on dissolution of priestly marriage, [317]
on nature of anathema, [640]
Gratian of Rouen on clerical marriage, [594]
Great Malvern, prior of, his offer, [454]
Greece, influence of, on the Jews, [25]
Greek church, its divergence from Rome, [83]
its rules as to celibacy, [86]
its present customs, [91]
tolerated by Rome, [327], [328], [640]
abuse of confessional in, [577]
of Bohemia, [244]
Grégoire of Blois, [598]
Gregory I. on marriage, [47]
his monastic reforms, [113]
his enforcement of celibacy, [122]
forged epistle of, [137]
his conversion of England, [161]
on indissolubility of marriage, [314]
legend related by him, [349]
Gregory II. forbids marriage of nuns, [127]
his advice to Boniface, [128]
on sacraments of sinful priests, [195]
Gregory VI. purchases the papacy, [184]
miracle at his obsequies, [187]
Gregory VII. condemns the story of Paphnutius, [56]
condemns the epistle of St. Ulric, [150]
adopts the heresy condemned at Gangra, [61]
accompanies Leo IX. to Rome, [187]
his increasing influence, [191]
his character and aims, [193]
his activity under Nicholas II., [196]
he refuses ordination to illegitimates, [205]
his mission to Milan, [213]
his excommunication, [219]
he urges Erlembaldo to persevere, [220]
his exertions in Lucca, [222]
his election as pope, [223]
his enforcement of celibacy, [227]
his action in Dalmatia, [250]
in France, [256]
in Normandy, [258]
in Britanny, [259]
overlooks England in his reforms, [271]
his efforts in Spain, [304]
his death, [239]
enforcement of celibacy attributed to him, [224]
legends concerning him, [226]
results of his theocracy, [345]
his doctrine revived by the heretics, [368], [374], [379], [383]
Gregory VIII. prevents abolition of celibacy, [325]
Gregory IX. on Neapolitan clergy, [335]
Gregory X. on corrupting influence of prelates, [351]
deposes Henry of Liége, [336]
Gregory XIII. complains of married priests, [554]
Gregory XV. on abuse of confessional, [569]
Gregory XVI. represses clerical marriage, [601]
Gregory of Nazianzum on priestly marriage, [58]
Gregory of Tours on nominations of bishops, [118]
on enforcement of celibacy, [120]
Gregory of Vercelli, case of, [190]
Grey-Friars of Perth, their luxury, [509]
Grillandus, case reported by, [431]
Grindal, Archbishop, revives the Nicene canon, [494]
on position of married clergy, [496]
Grosseteste, Robert, his reforms, [292]
on papal court, [342]
Guala, Cardinal, constitutions of, [332]
Gualo of Paris, his uncertainty, [263]
Guarino of Modena, oath of chastity required by, [153]
Guastalla, Council of, in 1106, [244]
Guibert de Nogent, case of, [262]
Guiberto of Ravenna on concubinage, [238]
his death, [242]
Guido, Cardinal, enforces celibacy in Austria, [251]
and in Denmark, [253]
Guido di Valate appointed to See of Milan, [209]
penance imposed on him, [214]
is driven from Milan, [216]
resigns the archbishopric, [218]
Gulielmus Appulus on Nicholas II., [197]
Gunzo Grammaticus, [148]
Gwentian code on sons of priests, [294]
Gyrovagi, [109]
Haarlem, Synod of, in 1564, [554]
Habit, monastic, salvation insured by, [335]
Hali Meidenhad, [286], [347]
Halifax, Council of, in 1868, [627], [633]
Hamburg, reform undertaken at, [189]
Council of, in 1406, [335]
Hamerer, Dr., on clerical corruption, [557]
Hamilton, Patrick, the Scottish protomartyr, [506]
Hamilton, Catherine, her escape, [506]
Hamilton, Archbp., his character, [503], [505]
Hanno of Cologne, his canonization, [201]
Hardouin of Angers on morals of clergy, [394]
Heads of colleges, position of their wives, [495]
Helena of Adiabene, [22]
Heliodorus of Trica, rigor of, [86]
Helisacar, Abbot, strict rules of, [404]
Heloise reforms Convent of St. Mary, [264]
denies her marriage, [269]
Helsen on clerical morality, [629]
on abuse of confessional, [633]
Helvidius, his heresy, [68]
Henke, his edition of Calixtus, [583]
Henrician heretics, [370]
Henry II. (Emp.) on sons of priests, [155]
his asceticism, [176]
he enforces celibacy, [178]
Henry III. (Emp.), his desire for reform, [184]
urges Clement II. to reform, [185]
creates Bruno of Toul pope, [187]
makes Gebhardt of Eichstedt pope, [191]
persecutes heretics, [207]
appoints Guido di Valate, [209]
his death, [192]
Henry IV. (Emp.), accession of, [192]
offers made to him in 1061, [200]
his humiliation at Canosa, [219]
he expels Altmann of Passau, [230]
he protects married priests, [237]
but condemns priestly marriage, [239]
his triumph over the church, [241]
his final overthrow, [244]
Henry V. (Emp.), his successful rebellion, [244]
failure of negotiations with him, [267]
Henry I. (France), attempt to enforce celibacy under, [179]
Henry III. (France), his edicts of pacification, [500]
Henry I. (Eng.), his speculation in priestly marriage, [276], [280]
he enforces celibacy, [278]
Henry V. (Eng.), his persecution of Lollards, [381]
he attempts a reform, [394]
Henry VIII. favors League of Schmalkalden, [438]
joins in suppression of monasteries, [448]
assumes supremacy of the church, [450]
completes suppression of monasteries, [454]
is excommunicated by Paul III., [455]
his plans for use of monastic property, [459]
he maintains celibacy, [461], [466]
negotiates with German reformers, [466]
persecutes married priests, [467]
is responsible for the Six Articles, [468]
objects to council held at Mantua, [520]
his death, [472]
Henry of Lausanne, the heretic, [370]
Henry III. of Liége, [336]
Henry of Ravenna adheres to Cadalus, [201]
Henry of Salzburg on priestly immorality, [247]
Henry of Speyer, his remonstrances, [233]
Hepburn, Bishop, his immorality, [502]
Hera, celibacy of priestess of, [50]
Heracles, Thespian, celibacy of priests of, [50]
Héraudin of Châteauroux on clerical marriage, [594]
Hercules, Gaditanian, chastity of priests of, [50]
Hereditary tendency in Greek church, [91]
in Latin church of 10th century, [105]
its dangers, [225]
Hereditary priesthood allowed by Alex. II., [205]
Hereditary transmission, in Poland, 13th century, [252]
in Friesland, [254]
in Normandy, 12th century, [258]
in Britanny, 12th century, [259]
in France, 12th century, [265]
forbidden by C. of Rheims in 1119, [267]
in England, in 11th century, [272]
in 12th century, [281], [282]
in 13th century, [285]
in Ireland, [296], [298]
among Culdees, [299]
in Spain, in 11th century, [304]
its persistence in 12th century, [321], [322], [326]
condemned by IVth Lateran Council, [327]
persists in Livonia, [336]
in Pomerania, in 15th century, [402]
in 16th century, [505], [516]
in post-Tridentine church, [549]
Heresies, the, [367]
encouraged by clerical immorality, [334]
Heresy of sacerdotal marriage, [201]
of concubinarians condemned in 1666, [558]
abuse of confessional is, [568]
opposition to celibacy is, [515], [603], [640]
Lutheran, justified by clerical corruption, [430], [514], [516], [518], [527], [529], [548], [556] sqq.
Heretics, persecution of, in 4th century, [70]
on corruption of priesthood, [352]
to be condemned, not contented, [536]
Herluca, her visions, [236]
Hermann, Bishop of Prague, [243]
Hermann von Wied of Cologne, [518]
Hermann, King, condemns priestly marriage, [239]
Heydeck, Baron of, his marriage, [434]
High Commission, Court of, [490]
Hilarion introduces monachism in Palestine, [97]
Hildebert of Le Mans, his efforts at reform, [264]
Hildebrand (see Gregory VII.).
Hildebrandine doctrine as to sinful priests, [224]
its treatment at Cambray, [236]
is enforced in 12th century, [246]
becomes obsolete in 12th century, [248], [275]
is adopted by the heretics, [368], [374], [379], [383]
is condemned in 15th century, [382]
but is enforced by laity, [392]
Hildesheim, Synod of, in 1652, [562]
Hilles, Richard, on the Six Articles, [471]
Himerius of Tarragona on celibacy, [65]
Hincmar of Rheims on appellate jurisdiction of Rome, [139]
endeavors to enforce the canons, [141]
Hiouen-Thsang on Buddhist monachism, [95]
Hippolytus of Portus on digami, [37]
Hof, immorality of priests of, [428]
Holland, reception of C. of Trent in, [553]
Homicide, unchastity punished as, [169]
Honorius (Emp.) on residence of women, [55]
he persecutes Jovinian, [70]
his edict of 420, [77], [79]
Honorius I. reproves Scottish clergy, [161]
Honorius II. enforces celibacy in England, [279]
morality of Rome under, [341]
Honorius III. endeavors to reform the Scottish church, [301]
confirms Order of St. James, [364]
Honorius II. (antipope), his election, [200]
Honorius of Autun on sacraments of sinful priests, [195]
Hooper, Bishop, on effect of the Six Articles, [471]
his visitation of Gloucester, [476]
Horn, Bishop, on position of married clergy, [496]
Horne on married clerks, [291]
Hosius, Bishop, on celibacy, [529]
Hospitallers, the, [362], [366]
suppressed in England, [458]
Hostility to the church in 15th century, [394], [395]
Hoya, Bishop of Munster, [548]
Hubert, Abbot, marriage of, [142]
Huesca, Council of, in 598, [80]
Hugh of Grenoble, his asceticism, [227]
Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, on clerical morals, [282]
Hugh of Lyons (Die) endeavors to enforce celibacy, [256]
is reproved by Gregory VII., [258]
his efforts in Britanny, [259]
Hugh, Archbishop of Rouen, character of, [155]
Hugh of Rouen on priestly marriage, [318]
he controverts heresy, [371]
Hugo of Constance, Zwingli’s demand on, [421]
Hugo of Silva Candida at Council of Girona, [303]
Hugo, Cardinal, his speech at Lyons, [342]
Huguenots, priestly marriage among, [498]
toleration of their marriages, [499]
Humbert of Silva Candida on Greek errors, [191]
on simony, [201]
Humphrey, Lawrence, on Richard Smith, [474]
on position of married clergy, [496]
Hungary, introduction of celibacy in, [248]
clerical immorality in 15th cent., [401]
discussion of celibacy in 18th cent., [584]
effort for clerical marriage in 1866, [603]
National Synod of, in 1822, [626]
Huss, John, on sacraments of sinful priests, [196]
his heresy, [382]
causes of its success, [395]
Hutten, Ulric von, [415]
Hyde, Council of, in 975, [170]
Hydroparastitæ, [44]
Hypatia, murder of, [106]
Ibas of Edessa, case of, [82]
Iceland, rights of illegitimates in, [197]
Idelette de Bure, [498]
Ignatius, St., on abstinence from marriage, [32]
Illegitimates ineligible to priesthood in Coptic church, [93]
in Latin church, [205]
Illegitimacy of children of ecclesiastics, [86]
of Anglican clergy, [494], [496]
Immorality arising from vows of celibacy, [41]
less reprehensible than marriage, [145], [201], [627]
favors shown to, [320]
Immorality of church (see Morals).
Immunity caused by appellate power of Rome, [139]
by forms of ecclesiastical procedure, [140]
for adultery by priests, [447]
Impostures of relics and miracles, [458]
Ina, King, Dooms of, [162]
Incest caused by celibacy, [138], [278], [331], [555], [628]
common in Ireland, [297], [298]
price of absolution for, [428]
diminished by marriage, [182]
clerical marriage held to be, [628]
Indelibility of priesthood, [314]
India, influence of, on the Jews, [23]
Indians, relations of priests with, [563]
their hatred of Christianity, [564]
Indulgences in Manichæism, [44]
marketable value of, [356]
sale of, [397]
opposition to, [417]
Infallibility decreed by Vatican Council, [608]
Infanticide resulting from vows of continence, [42], [100], [137]
tradition as to, [124]
Infessura, his character of Sixtus IV., [344]
Influence of celibacy on civilization, [225], [357]
political, of modern monachism, [617]-18
Injunctions of Queen Elizabeth, [489]
Innocent of Rhodez, [118]
Innocent I. on priestly marriage of widows, [39]
makes no reference to Nicene canon, [55]
condemns the Bonosiacs, [68]
condemns Vigilantius, [72]
enforces celibacy in Calabria, [76]
on marriage of nuns, [104]
Innocent II. dissolves marriage of priests, [315]
his enforcement of celibacy, [246]
Innocent III. enforces celibacy [251], [252], [286], [327], [332]
reforms convent of S. Agatha, [265]
on hereditary benefices, [266], [286], [298]
condemns Bossaert d’Avesnes, [323]
decisions rendered by him, [324]
on digamy, [349]
confirms Order of St. James, [364]
converts heretics of Bosnia, [369]
his hesitation as to the mendicant orders, [375]
Innocent IV. enforces celibacy in Sweden, [253]
his judgment for d’Avesnes, [323]
permits hereditary priesthood, [336]
promotes Henry of Liége, [336]
his enmity to Grosseteste, [342]
Innocent VIII., his character, [345]
orders visitation of English monasteries, [399]
Inquisition, the, denounces priestly marriage, [556]
condemns heresy of concubinarians, [558]
abuse of confessional confided to, [568]
its decrees on solicitation, [575]
its modern procedure in such cases, [633]
its tenderness to clerical delinquents, [570]
case of Father Mena, [579]
its merciful treatment of nuns, [588]
its condemnation of Panzini, [602]
it defines celibacy a matter of faith, [603], [642]
its justification by the church, [618]
Insabbatati, [373]
Insermenté clergy, [590]
Interdict laid on Milan, in 1074, [219]
Interim, recognition of marriage in the, [441]
Investitures, question of, [218]
Ipswich, injunctions of, by Q. Elizabeth, [491]
Ireland, character of its early church, [76], [159]
enforcement of celibacy in, [295]
monasticism of its church, [297]
corruption introduced by the English, [298]
priestly marriage in 16th century, [299]
suppression of monasteries in, [461]
morality of clergy in, [625]
modern Councils of, [626], [633]
Isabella of Castile supports Ximenes, [403]
Isidor of Pelusium on neglect of celibacy, [86]
Isidor, St., of Seville on monastic impostors, [115]
Isidorian forgeries, relaxation of canon in, [136]
Isis, vow of continence made by, [50]
Italy, enforcement of celibacy in 384, [69]
resistance to celibacy, [76]
morals in 4th century, [81]
St. Benedict of Nursia, [111]
monachism reformed by Gregory I., [113]
state of church in 6th century, [122]
in 8th century, [127]
Charlemagne and the Roman clergy, [135]
state of church in 10th century, [144]
Ratherius of Verona, [146], [150]
Atto of Vercelli, [147], [152]
Guarino of Modena and Alberic of Marsico, [153]
Silvester II., [157]
state of church in 11th century, [180]
San Giovanni Gualberto, [183]
Henry III. and the papacy, [184]
St. Peter Damiani, [185]
vain attempts at reform, [190]
Damiani and Hildebrand, [192]
Council of Melfi, in 1059, [197]
schism of the Lombard clergy, [200]
the antipope Cadalus, [201]
failure of the reform, [204]
the reform in Milan, [207]-221
troubles in various cities, [222]
Synod of Melfi, [242]
Calabria, priestly marriage in 12th century, [320]
Greek church in South, [328]
children of ecclesiastics, [335]
privileges accorded to concubines, [339]
morality of papal court, [341]
Savonarola, [386], [398]
demoralization in 15th cent., [393], [399]
in 16th century, [430], [549]-52
clerical marriage proposed in 18th century, [583]
corruption in 18th century, [586]-8
case of Panzini, [602]
civil marriage, [605]
followed by clerical marriage, [606]
suppression of monastic orders, [609]
Barnabite college at Monza, scandal of, [621]
modern councils held in, [626]-7
number of clergy in, [630]
morality of clergy, [631]
Ivo of Chartres on the canons, [263]
he reproves immorality, [264]
Izeshne sacrifice, [44]
Jacobines, number of, [92]
Jainas, the, [35]
Jalikiah, its church independent of Rome, [302]
James of Jerusalem, a Nazirite, [25]
the brother of Jesus, [68]
James IV. (Scotland) protects Lollards, [501]
James V. (Scotland), his parliament of 1542, [503]
James VI. (Scotland), his baptism, [505]
Jameson, Margaret, her marriage, [509]
Jane of Flanders, [323]
Janizaries, celibacy required of them, [19]
Jarnsida, rights of illegitimates in, [197]
Jean de Rély on morals of church, [399]
Jephthah, daughter of, [21]
Jerome, St., on the origin of celibacy, [28]
on Buddha, [34]
on Manichæism, [46]
on marriage, [47]
on agapetæ, [54]
on heresy of Bonosus, [68]
of Jovinian, [70]
of Vigilantius, [72]
on clerical morality, [78]
on observance of celibacy, [85]
on early monachism, [97]
on immorality of nuns, [100]
on difficulty of virginity, [624]
Jerome of Prague on Huss, [382]
Jerusalem, effect of its capture, [326]
Jesuits, they protect their erring members, [579]
their influence on morality, [578]
their expulsion from New Grenada, [609]
they endeavor to enter France, [614]
their recent growth, [615]
their suppression in France in 1880, [621]
Jesus Christ, Order of, [365]
Jews, their relation to asceticism, [21]-6
their polygamy, [38]
Jodocus of Lubec as deputy of papal legates, [442]
John IV. on Anglo-Saxon monachism, [163]
John XII., his vices, [144]
John XIII. condemns priestly marriage, [150]
ejects canons of Winchester, [168]
John XXII. and the Fraticelli, [377]
his taxes of the penitentiary, [428]
John XXIII., his crimes and deposition, [343]
convokes Council of Constance, [390]
his sale of dispensations, [398]
John, King (Eng.), speculates on priests’ wives, [283]
John of Alexandria, his strictness, [123]
John the Baptist, Essenism of, [25]
John of Crema, his misadventure, [279]
his Scottish reforms, [300]
John the Evangelist condemns the Nicolites, [34]
John of Frankfort, independence of, [397]
John of Jerusalem, rule of, [101]
John of Leyden permits polygamy, [438]
John of Liége, his murder, [336]
John of Lisieux fails in his reforms, [265]
John Merlaw of Fulda relaxes the rules, [404]
John of Nicklaushausen, his heresy, [405]
John of Oberwesel, [407]
John of Pirna, [378]
John of Rouen enforces celibacy, [256]
John of Salisbury reforms his canons, [265]
John of Saxony, his treatment of monasteries, [435]
John of Schweidnitz, his death, [378]
John of Utrecht reforms the nunneries, [340]
Jonas, Justus, on Luther’s marriage, [425]
Joseph II. (Emp.), his reforms, [583]
Jovian on marriage of nuns, [100]
Jovinian on Manichæism, [46]
his resistance to celibacy, [69]
Judah and Tamar, [21]
Judhaël of Dol, his marriage, [259]
Julian (Emp.) on Syrian asceticism, [50]
Julian, Cardinal, legate to Ireland, [298]
Julius II. approves of Savonarola, [386]
Julius III. defends Savonarola, [386]
grants powers to Cardinal Pole, [478]
his bull of indulgence to England, [482]
he reconvokes the Council of Trent, [521]
on treatment of Lutherans at Trent, [521]
Julius of Wurzburg argues against clerical marriage, [535]
Junia the apostle, [60]
Junqua, Abbé, case of, [601]
Jurisdiction, appellate, effects of, [140]
temporarily surrendered, [334]
Jus primæ noctis [354]
Jus spolii enforced by Robert the Frisian, [260]
Justification by works, doctrine of, [115]
in Calvinism, [498]
in Scotland, [506]
Justin Martyr on morals of Christians, [33]
denounces second marriages, [36]
approves of mutilation, [40]
Justinian, legislation of, [86]
regulates monachism, [108]
Katherine of Arragon divorced, [450]
Katz, his work on celibacy, [584]
Keledeus, or Culdee, [299]
Killore, John, burnt, [510]
King’s College enriched by Henry VIII., [448]
Kirkaldy of Grange, [503]
Kirkham, Walter, of Durham, prohibits marriage, [290]
Knade, James, first married priest of Reformation, [419]
Knox, John, his denunciation of Catholics, [506]
he justifies Beatoun’s murder, [507]
his Book of Discipline, [508]
his disputation with Wynrame and Arbuckle, [510]
his confession of faith, [512]
Koch of Wiesbaden, case of, [601]
Kokkius, Doctor, on clerical morals, [396]
Kolderup-Rosenvinge, his text of Cnut’s laws, [174]
Kopp, Leonhard, emancipates nuns, [425]
Krishna, similarity of, to Christ, [92]
Kyle, Lollards of, [501]
Lacordaire obtains admission of Dominicans, [614]
Lactantius condemns asceticism, [48]
reprobates monachism, [98]
Ladak, number of monks in, [95]
Ladislas II. introduces celibacy in Hungary, [248]
Lætitia, Madame, patroness of charitable orders, [613]
Lagréze on droit de marquette, [355]
Laillier, Jean, his heresies, [408]
Laity corrupted by the clergy, [265], [346], [350], [429], [430], [518], [533], [586], [629]
in favor of priestly marriage, [252], [423]
in favor of celibacy, [235], [465], [496]
require pastors to keep concubines, [310], [353], [388]
their assistance invoked by the church, [194], [232], [256], [257], [261], [559], [560]
their asceticism in 11th century, [241]
Lambert of Artois enforces celibacy, [262]
Lambertini, Countess, case of, [631]
Lanciski, Synod of, in 1197, [251]
Lands of Church in German Reformation, [434], [437], [439]
in England, [454], [482]
in Scotland, [508]
in France, [589]
in Sardinia, [609]
in Italy, [610]
Lanfranc, moderation of his reforms, [272], [273]
Langdon, case of Abbot of, [451]
Langdon, Rev. W. ‭C., on clerical morality, [632]
Langlande on foreign prelates, [290]
on venality of officials, [293]
on the church, [444]
Languedoc, Manichæism in, [208]
Lanssac, his instructions at Trent, [517]
on clerical marriage at Trent, [533]
Lanzo of Milan, [209]
Laodicea, Council of, in 352, [36], [60]
Laon, case of subdeacon of, [324]
La Réole, monks of, kill St. Abbo, [153]
Lasteyrie on clerical corruption, [585]
Lateran, first Council of, in 1123, [313]
second Council of, in 1139, [315]
fourth Council of, in 1215, [327], [567]
fifth Council of, in 1516, [413], [428]
Latimer, Bishop, concerned in bribing Cromwell, [454]
on unworthy promotions, [456]
his imprisonment, [469]
Latin clerks in Greek church, [329]
Laurentius Gallus, [349]
Lausanne, clergy of, drive out their bishop, [341]
popular complaints in 1533, [429]
case of clerical marriage in, [601]
Lawney and the Duke of Norfolk, [469]
Lay communion in both elements, [44]
wine withdrawn from, [45]
demanded by the Hussites, [384]
demands for it in 16th century, [530], [536], [641]
conceded to and withdrawn from Germany, [541], [543]
Lazarists, [613]-4
Lead, value of, in English monasteries, [459]
League of Schmalkalden founded, [438]
Le Bas, number of ecclesiastics of France, [593]
Lebret, Président, absolves Girard, [580]
Legacies to church restricted, [63]
Legitimation of priests’ children, in 1552, [476]
under Elizabeth, [488]
letters of, in Scotland, [506]
Leibnitz, his negotiations with Bossuet, [582]
Leigh, Thomas, on morals of laity, [464]
Leighton, Dr., his report of monasteries, [451]
Leith, Articles of, [511]
Le Mans, bishop of, the son of a priest, [205]
Synod of, in 1248, [350]
Leo I. on priestly marriage of widows, [39]
on communion in one element, [44]
he enforces celibacy, [76]
on virginity of nuns, [104]
on disregard of vows, [105]
on concubinage, [196]
Leo III. dispenses St. Swithin, [165]
Leo. VIII. permits ordination of priests’ sons, [148]
approves statutes of St. Martin of Tours, [404]
Leo IX., his entry in Rome, [187]
he commences reform, [188]
endeavors to reform the Greek church, [191]
on priestly marriage in Lucca, [222]
his death and canonization, [190]
Leo X., his character, [413]
he honors Savonarola, [386]
is replied to by Diet of Augsburg, [416]
he excommunicates Luther, [418]
his efforts at reform, [428]
his thanks to Henry VIII., [463]
Leo XIII. denounces civil marriage, [605]
Leo and Anthemius, their laws on monachism, [108]
Leo the Isaurian persecutes monks, [90]
Leo Marsicanus on Alberic, [153]
Leo the Philosopher, legislation of, [87]
forbids marriage in orders, [90]
on monachism, [109]
Leon, Council of, in 1114, [307]
Leonistæ, the, [67]
Leopold of Tuscany endeavors to reform nunneries, [573], [586]
Leptines, Synod of, in 743, [131]
Lerida, Council of, in 523, [80]
Leslie, Norman, murders Cardinal Beatoun, [503]
Levirate marriage among the Jews, [21]
Levites, hereditary functions of, [22]
Levitical rule of virgin marriage, [38]
maintained in Milan, [210]
Leyden, John of, [438]
Lhassa, number of monks in, [95]
Liber Gomorrhianus, [188]
Libya, married bishops in, [89]
Licentiousness better than marriage, [145], [201], [628]
Licenses to sin, first allusion to, in 1080, [257]
sale of, in Denmark, [253]
condemned by Lateran Council, [327]
continued in England, [278], [280], [284], [289], [293]
in France, [332]
in Germany, [337]
in Naples, [339]
condemned by Council of Bâle, [396]
continued throughout 15th century, [312], [389], [401]
in 16th century, [428], [432], [433], [462], [526], [528], [559]
Liége, Manichæism, in 1025, [207]
priestly marriage in 12th century, [247]
heretics in, [371]
Bishop of, on clerical corruption, [530]
Council of, in 1131, [246], [314]
in 1548, [526], [530]
Lignana, Girolamo, his attempt to murder St. Charles, [551]
Lillebonne, Council of, in 1080, [257]
Lima, Councils of, in 1552-1601, [563]-5
Limitation on vows in France, [613]
Lincoln, case of subdeacon of, [321]
Lindet of Evreux, his marriage, [591]
Link, Wences., his marriage, [422]
Lippomani condemns Orzechowski, [541]
Lisieux, case of archdeacon of, [349]
Council of, in 1055, [256]
Litchfield, Saxon Bishop of, [272]
visitation of diocese of, [452]
Livonia, hereditary priesthood in, [336]
Livres de Jostice et de Plet, [321]
Llorente on abuse of confessional, [569], [572]-3
Lodi, turbulence of married priests at, [202]
Loi Falloux of 1850, [614], [617]
Lolhard, Walter, [377]
Lollards, the, [381]
of Kyle, [501]
Lombardo-Venitia, number of clergy in, [630]
Lombardy independent of Rome, [219]
submits to Rome, [221]
Loménie of Sens, his marriage, [591]
London, Dr., his career, [457]
on false relics, [458]
on permission of marriage of nuns, [466]
on ejected monks, [469]
London, married priests deprived in 1554, [478]
enumeration of married priests in, [489]
Council of, in 1075, [272]
in 1102, [273]
in 1108, [277]
in 1126, [279]
in 1129, [280]
in 1200, [288]
in 1237, [288]
in 1268, [291]
Lords, House of, delays priestly marriage, [472]
Loretto, Episcopal Convention of, in 1850, [626]
Lorraine, Cardinal of, his instructions at Trent, [533]
endeavors to enforce chastity, [559]
Lothair (Emp.) aids to enforce celibacy, [246]
visits Fulda, [404]
Louis-le-Débonnaire on monastic impostors, [115]
his reforms, [136]
prohibits phlebotomy to monks, [138]
Louis-le-Gros, his charter to St. Cornelius, [270]
Louis IX. arbitrates for the d’Avesnes, [323]
Louis XII. and relics of St. Denis, [217]
Louis XV. reforms monastic orders, [585]
his arrests of brothel-haunting priests, [586]
Louis-Philippe adverse to monachism, [614]
Louvain, University of, urges reform, [529]
Synod of, in 1556, [541]
in 1574, [561]
Loyola, his reformation of Spain, [517]
Luanus, monasteries founded by, [160]
Lucca, priestly marriage in, [222]
Lucius II. on hereditary priesthood, [281]
Lucius III. on sacraments of sinful priests, [195]
on hereditary benefices, [322]
confirms the Order of the Temple, [363]
condemns the Waldenses, [373]
Lucretia Borgia, [345]
Ludegna, Juan, his disputation on priestly marriage, [535]
Luna, Doña Agueda de, [572]
Lunden, Archbishop of, on priestly marriage, [252]
Lupus of Troyes on celibacy, [79]
Lupus, Christian, on Paphnutius, [57]
on Tridentine canons, [640]
Luther, his place in the Reformation, [413]
his ninety-five propositions, [417]
his gradual progress, [418]
he hesitates as to priestly marriage, [420]
he approves of priestly marriage, [422]
his marriage, [425]
his opinions on marriage, [426]
he opposes the Anabaptists, [438]
he fraternizes with Orthodox Brethren, [385]
he reprints Caraffa’s “Concilium,” [523]
Sir Thomas More’s assault on him, [440]
Lutheranism caused by clerical immorality, [514], [516], [518], [527], [529]
its spread in Bohemia, [384]
Lutherans, the, adopt the Waldenses, [375]
they object to Council held at Mantua, [520]
their treatment at Trent, [521]
they decline further participation, [522]
Luxury, uses of, [358]
Lyons, Poor Men of, [373]
Lyons, effect of papal court on, [342]
suppression of unauthorized orders in, [622]
Council of, in 583, [80]
in 1274, [328], [336], [351]
in 1528, [515]
in 1850, [626]
Lyons, Huguenot Synod of, in 1563, [38], [499]
Macaulay, Lord, on Anglican clergy, [497]
Macedonia, celibacy enforced in, [86]
Macliaus of Britanny, case of, [119]
Macon, Council of, in 581, [80], [119]
Mæsse-þegnes, wer-geld of, [173]
Magdeburg Centuriators, their mistake, [162]
Council of, in 1403, [353]
troubles of, in 1431, [395]
Mahavira, legend of, [35]
Mahue of S. Sulpice, case of, [592]
Maiden Bradley, prior of, his morals, [458]
Maillard, Olivier, his sermon, [399]
Mainardo, Card., his mission to Milan, [217]
Mainerio Boccardo, will of, [221]
Mainz, enforcement of celibacy in, [230]
revolt against Rodolf of Swabia, [236]
Diet of, in 1085, [239]
annates of, [412]
Archbishop of, asks for clerical marriage, [539]
Council of, in 888, [138]
in 1049, [189]
in 1075, [231]
in 1225, [337]
in 1261, [338], [376]
in 1527, [423]
in 1549, [528]
Majorian, laws of, respecting nuns, [105]
Malachi, St., his reforms, [296]
his death, [297]
Malatesta, Carlo, interferes with concubinage, [339]
Mallet, Abbé, case of, [635]
Malone, Malachi, on dispensations, [541]
Malta, Knights of, [362], [366]
suppressed in England, [458]
Manasses of Rheims, his violent measures, [261]
Mancio of Chalons, his indecision, [142]
Manes, career of, [43]
Manfredonia, Council of, in 1567, [553]
Manichæism, influence of, [43]
indulgences and Eucharist in, [44]
revival of, in 11th century, [207]
prevalent in Milan, [211]
opposed by St. Bernard, [331]
of Albigenses, [367]
Manigold of Veringen, case of, [235]
Mansfeld, married priest of, [419]
Mantua, Council of, in 1053, [190]
in 1067, [202]
Council of Trent to be held at, [519]
Mapes, Walter, his satirical verses, [289]
Mar Aba prohibits priestly marriage, [92]
Marcellin, Abbé, on droit de marquette, [354]
Marcian (Emp.) restricts monachism, [107]
Marcion, heresy of, [33]
Marcus, heresy of, [33]
Margaret of Flanders, case of, [323]
Margaret of Parma delays reception of Council of Trent, [547]
Mariana on married clergy of Spain, [303]
Marian Order, [366]
Marien, frère, case of, [637]
Marillac, Bishop Charles de, on clerical discipline, [559]
Marino, a married priest, [180]
Marino of Ostia condemns priestly marriage, [149]
Marisco, Adam de, [292]
Marozia, her power, [144]
Marquardo dei Susani on celibacy, [547]
Marquette, droit de, [354]
Marriage exalted by Christ, [26]
in Apostolic Constitutions and Canons, [48]
abstinence from, among early Christians, [32]
heresies condemning, [31]
orthodox condemnation of, [45]
depreciation of, by Chrysostom, [86]
comparative merit of, [46], [47], [318], [347]
abhorrence of, by Manichæans, [43]
by Albigenses, [208], [367]
orthodox embarrassment concerning, [369]
disregard of, in 11th century, [182]
in Ireland, [295], [297], [298]
Wickliffe’s view of, [381]
permitted to those under vows, [100]
not dissolved by monastic vows, [114]
indissoluble in early church, [314]
dissolved by orders and vows in 12th century, [313]
effect of vows upon, [321]
worse than licentiousness, [145], [201], [628]
clerical, is incest, [628]
sacrament of, inferior to ordination, [642]
of Martin Luther, [425]
of Albert of Brandenburg, [434]
of converts to Calvinism, [499]
in orders forbidden, [39], [77]
persisted in [80]
forbidden in the East, [86]
custom of Greek church, [89], [90]
permitted among Nestorians, [92]
anathematized at Trent, [536]
in Spanish military orders, [363], [364]
Marriage of abbots, Hungary, 15th century, [401]
Marriage of bishops, prohibited in orders, [39]
in 4th century, [58]
in Greek church, [87], [91]
practised in Africa, [89]
in Frankish Gaul, [119]
in Gothic Spain, [121]
in 8th century, [132]
in 10th century, [154], [155]
in 11th century, [181], [189], [197], [198]
separated from their wives in Hungary, [249]
in Ireland, [295]
treatment of, under Mary, [479]
Marriage of deaconesses punished, [96]
Marriage of monks permitted in 4th century, [58]
forbidden by Justinian, [108]
and by Gregory I., [113]
St. Bernard on, [316]
common in 9th century, [139]
in 12th century, [324], [326]
in 14th century, [340]
in 15th century, [401], [403]
in Reformation, [420]
dispensations refused them, [442]
Marriage of nuns a capital crime, [100]
is binding, [103], [104], [105]
common in 5th century, [110]
in 7th century, [115]
in Merovingian France, [120]
in Gothic Spain, [121]
in Italy, in 8th century, [127]
forbidden in 8th century, [132], [135], [137]
common in 9th century, [139]
in 10th century, [163], [166]
in 14th century, [340]
in 15th century, [403]
in Reformation, [425], [435]
under Henry VIII., [466]
in France in 1581, [500]
in French Revolution, [593]
Marriage of priests in early church, [27]-30, [48]
restricted to single marriage, [37]
and with virgins, [38]
forbidden in orders, [39]
forbidden in Manichæism, [45]
and by Council of Elvira, [50]
but not by Council of Nicæa, [54]
first prohibition, in 385, [64]
prohibition gradually enforced in Western church, [66]-82
custom of Eastern church, [89]
common in Gothic Spain, [121]
common in Italy in 6th and 8th centuries, [122], [127]
in Merovingian France, [119]-20
prohibited in 8th century, [133]-5
reappears in 9th century, [142]
common in 10th century, [148], [150], [152], [155], [158]
in British church, [159]
in Saxon England, [167], [169], [172]
in Wales, [171]
universal in 11th century, [181]
in southern Italy, [197]
in Tuscany, [199]
creates a political party in 1061, [200]
becomes a heresy, [201]
struggle over, in Lombardy, [210]-21
persecution of, [234]
penalties inflicted on, [242]
in Bohemia, [245]
in Germany, [247]
in Hungary, [248]-9
in Dalmatia, [250]
in Poland, [251]
in Sweden, [252]
in Denmark, [253]
in Friesland, [254]
in France, [255], [270]
in Normandy, [256]
in Britanny, [259]
in Flanders, [260]
in England, [272]-91
in Wales, [294]
in Ireland, in 16th century, [299]
in Scotland, [299]
in Spain, [303]
delay in abrogating it, [305]
forbidden by Alfonso the Wise, [308]
irregular, continued, [311]
St. Bernard on, [316]
Gratian on, [317]
advocated by Alexander III., [325]
condemned by Wickliffe, [379]
allowed by Lollards, [381]
condemned by Hussites, [384]
allowed by Brethren of the Cross, [385]
and by Orthodox Brethren, [385]
advocated in 15th century, [405]
commencement of, in Reformation, [419]
demanded by Zwingli, [421]
accepted by Luther, [422]
favored by the people, [423]
persecuted by the church, [423]
recognized by the Interim, [441]
dispensations granted by Paul III., [442]
recognized by Transaction of Passau, [443]
advocated in England in 1530, [461]
commencement of, in England, [462]-5
refused by Henry VIII., [461]-4
a capital offence under the Six Articles, [468]
permitted under Edward VI., [472]
popular repugnance for, [475], [476]
suppressed under Mary, [478]
admitted by Elizabeth, [488]
a matter of Anglican faith, [475], [490]
effects of its uncertainty on Anglican clergy, [497]
a matter of course in Calvinism, [498], [510]
dispensations for, sale of, [522]
demanded of Council of Trent, [529]-33
prevalence of, [531]-2
disastrous consequences to church, [535]
prejudged at Trent, [534]-6
asked for by German princes and prelates, [539]-43
condemned as heresy at Trent, [536], [640]-2
papal dispensations for, [541]
refused by Pius IV., [545]
in post-Tridentine church, [554]
denounced by Inquisition, [556]
demand for, in 18th century, [582]-4
in French Revolution, [590]-4
under the Concordat, [596]-8
varying policy in France, [599]-601
attempted revival in modern times, [601], [606]
accepted by Old Catholics, [604]
in the United States, [607]
Marriage of subdeacon valid, [324]
Marriage, civil, [605]-7
Marriage with Christ by taking the veil, [104]
Marriages, second, commanded by St. Paul, [96]
objected to, [33]
regarded as adulterous, [36]
forbidden to priesthood, [37]
St. Augustin on, [74]
legislation against, [86], [89]
in 11th century, [202], [210]
Married men, admission of, to orders, [76], [79]
Married nuns, divorce of, [480]
Married priests, their audacious demands in 8th century, [132]
their divorce, [470]
numbers ejected under Queen Mary, [480]
penance inflicted on, [481]
not permitted to leave the church, [424], [484]
enumeration of, in England, [489]
Marsico, priests of, defend their concubines, [339]
Marsiglio of Padua on confessional, [350]
“Marthas” of Franciscans, [353]
Martin I., his advice to Amandus, [126]
Martin V., his election, [391]
his favors to John XXIII., [344]
condemns the Begghards, [377]
his attempts at reform, [392]
Martin, St., on marriage, [47]
Martin, case of, in 1817-21, [599]
Martin of Battle Abbey, [282]
Martin of Camin on clerical morals, [402]
tries to reform his clergy, [496]
Martin, St., of Leon, his dialectics, [371]
Martin of Marseilles, marriage of, [592]
Martin, Dr. T., at trial of Cranmer, [190]
his treatise on celibacy, [480]
Martyrdom, its comparison with virginity, [46]
of English monks, [450]
Marullus on Innocent VIII., [345]
Mary, St., of Egypt, [98]
Mary of Guise, her policy, [507]
Mary, Queen, her obsequies of Edward VI., [477]
her death, [486]
Mass, disputation on, Scotland, in 1560, [507]
Masses for the dead, copied from Mazdeism, [44]
maintained by Henry VIII., [454]
Masses of married priests to be rejected, [194], [227], [246], [256], [274]
Massieu of Beauvais, his marriage, [591]
Massipia, legalized concubines, [197]
Materialism of Mosaic Law, [21]
Maternity, dissuasions from, [347]
Mathison, John, and the Anabaptists, [438]
Matilda, Countess, and married priests of Lucca, [222]
Matrimony, Tridentine canons on, [534]-6, [640]-1
Matthew Paris on Milanese heresies, [211]
Matthew of Salzburg, his attempted reforms, [518]
Matthias Corvinus on priestly morals, [401]
Maud of Ramsbury, [281]
Mauger of Rouen, his character, [156]
Mauléon, Mdlle. Desvieux de, [582]
Maultrot, his answer to Gaudin, [584]
Maurice of Saxony, [441], [443]
Maurice de Sully, powers granted to, [322]
Maurilio, St., of Rouen, [156]
Mauritanian nuns, case of, [104]
Maximilian II. asks for clerical marriage, [543]
his requests refused, [545]
Maya, mother of Buddha, [35]
Mayer, Dr., on clerical corruption, [557]
Mayer’s dissertation on Cath. von Bora, [425]
Mazdeism, character of, [22]
its Messiah, [35]
its Izeshne sacrifice, [44]
Meat, abstinence from, not recommended, [48]
use of, forbidden by Manes, [43]
and by Albigenses, [208], [367]
Meaux, Bishop of, his propositions condemned, [382]
Mechlin, regulation of confessionals, [574]
discussion as to solicitation in, [576]
clerical morals in, [628]
Synods of, in 1570 and 1607, [561]
Medicine, incompatibility of, with priesthood, [227]
Meinhard of Trèves, misfortunes of, [248]
Melanchthon on Luther’s marriage, [425]
prepares the Confession of Augsburg, [436]
seeks conference with Sorbonne, [440]
argues with Henry VIII., [466]
remonstrates with him, [470]
Melchoir of Wurzburg on condition of clergy, [528]
Melfi, Council of, in 1059, [197]
in 1089, [242]
in 1284, [329], [339]
in 1597, [553]
Mélisse, frère, case of, [637]
Melun, Assembly of, in 1579, [556]
Men of Intelligence, [385]
Mena, Father, case of, [579]
Menco, Abbot, on priestly marriage, [254]
Mendelsham, Vicar of, his marriage, [465]
Mendicant Orders, the, [375]
Mendicancy of Begghards condemned, [377]
Mendicancy disapproved by Wickliffe, [379]
forbidden in Reformation, [420]
Mendieta on Spanish colonial church, [564]
Merit, comparative, of virginity and marriage, [46], [47], [318], [347], [536], [641]
Merseburg, priestly marriage demanded by people of, [441]
Messiah, the, of Mazdeism, [35]
Methodius converts Bohemia, [244]
Metz, sons of priests ordained in, [154]
Council of, in 895, [138]
in 1604 and 1610, [562]
Mexico, Councils of, in 1555 and 1585, [563], [565]-6
corruption of its church, [563]-6
Michelet on abuse of confessional, [573]
Milan, struggle over celibacy in, [207]-221
prevalence of Manichæism in, [211]
its independence of Rome, [210]
its submission to Rome, [213], [221]
Synod of, in 1098, [221]
in 1565 and 1582, [553]
reforms of St. Charles Borromeo, [550]-2
Episcopal Convocation, in 1849, [626]
Military bishops in 10th and 11th centuries, [153], [180]
Military Orders, the, [362]
Military service enforced on monks, [99]
Mill, Walter, his trial, [510]
Milo of Rheims, case of, [129]
Minden, Dean of, miracle occurring to, [266]
Mingrat, Abbé, case of, [635]
Minims, corruption of, [562]
Minimum age for vows, [585], [587], [611]
for ordination, [624]
for resident women, [626]
Ministers, Calvinist, strictness of rules, [499]
Minors, irrevocable engagements by, [611]
Minucius, Felix, on morals of Christians, [33]
on second marriages, [36]
Minuto, Cardinal, his mission to Milan, [217]
Mirabeau advocates clerical marriage, [590]
Miracles in support of celibacy, [170], [236], [334]
by married priests, [180]
to enforce morality, [266]
false, [458]
Misnia, the Brethren of the Cross, [385]
priestly marriage in, [419]
Missionary work of monachism, [113]
Missions, abuse of confessional in, [578]
Missions Étrangères, the, [614]
Mithraic worship in Rome, [43]
Mixed tribunal for married priests, [257]
Modena, trouble with married priests in, [222]
Molanus, his negotiation with Bossuet, [582]
Monachism, [94]
its Buddhist prototype, [95]
commencement of, [97]
originally temporary, [101]
rules of Greek church, [107]
difficulties of the West, [109]
Western, practical character of, [112]
rendered irrevocable by Gregory I., [113]
benefits of, [113]
Monachism, disorders of, under Carlovingians, [137], [139]
reforms in 10th century, [152]
in Irish church, [160], [295]
Anglo-Saxon, [163], [173], [176]
condition of, in France, [264]
in early Scottish church, [299]
degrading regulations of, [332]
influence of, [357]
demoralization in 15th century, [340], [392], [393], [399], [403]
ridiculed by Erasmus, [415]
opposition to, in Reformation, [421]
position of, in Reformation, [437], [439]
overthrown by Wolsey, [447]
effort to enforce discipline, in 1549, [526]
its description by Cassander, [543]
its abolition recommended, [523], [573]
its influence on solicitation, [573]
corruption of post-Tridentine, [562]
in Spanish Colonies, [565]
corruption in 18th century, [585], [586]
its abolition recommended, [587]
subjected to the State, in 1760, [585]
its modern vicissitudes, [608]-21
Monasteries, residence in, enforced in the East, [107]
not necessary in the West, [115]
subjected to the bishops, [134]
women excluded from, [403]
treatment of, in Reformation, [435]
English, their immorality, [451]
suppression of, by Wolsey, [448]
and by Henry VIII., [454]
means used for, [457]
financial results of, [460]
suppression of, in Austria, [584]
in France, [589]
in Spain, [608]
in Italy, [609]
in South America, [609]
Monastic habit, salvation ensured by, [335]
Monks, persecuted by the Iconoclasts, [90]
number of, in Coptic church, [93]
subjected to military service, [99]
wandering, described by Augustin, [102]
and by St. Benedict, [110]
and by Smaragdus, [115]
political influence of, [106]
confined to their convents, [107]
their wives must become nuns, [114]
punishment of unchastity, [103], [131]
custom of letting blood, [138]
secular life of, in 10th century, [152]
as priests in Anglo-Saxon England, [174]
married priests replaced with, [275]
residence of, with nuns, in Spain, [305]
ordered to sleep singly, [332]
ridiculed by Von Hutten, [416]
fate of English, [460]
ejected, held to chastity, in England, [469]
unfit to be confessors, [432], [569], [572], [577], [587]
marriage of (see Marriage).
Monluc of Valence, his marriage, [499]
his description of French clergy, [515]
Montanists denounce second marriages, [36]
Montariol, Abbey of, and droit de marquette, [354]
Monte Casino, foundation of, [111]
Carloman becomes a monk there, [133]
Abbey of, in 10th century, [153]
preservation of, in 1866, [609]
Monza, clerical marriage in 1152, [221]
Barnabite college at, case of, [621]
Morales, Ambrosio, case of, [40]
Morality, reformed by early Christians, [32]
of Puritanism, [357]
of Scottish Reformers, [509]
artificial standard of, [269], [347], [349], [627]
Morals, clerical, described by Cyprian, [41]
by Tertullian, [42]
reforms at Council of Nicæa, [54]
how affected by introduction of celibacy, [78]
as described by Salvianus, [81]
by Council of Elvira, [99]
by St. Jerome, [100]
of monks, described by St. Augustin, [102]
by St. Benedict, [110]
by St. Isidor of Seville, [115]
by Smaragdus, [115]
of bishops in Merovingian France, [119]
of clergy in Gothic Spain, [121]
in Italy, in 8th century, [127]
in France, in 8th century, [128]
in 9th century, [136]
in Italy, in 10th century, [145], [147], [153]
in England, in 10th century, [167]
in 11th century, [172]
in monasteries, in 11th century, [188]
of bishops, in 11th century, [198]
of married clergy, in 11th century, [202]
in Milan, [210]
in Germany, in 12th century, [247]
in France, in 12th century, [264]
worse than laity, [265], [346], [350], [429], [430], [518], [533], [586], [629]
in England, in 12th century, [281]
in 13th century, [293]
in Ireland, in 14th century, [299]
in Scotland, in 13th century, [301]
in Spain, in 14th century, [311]
in church of 12th century, [321], [326]
of 13th century, [331]
in monasteries in 14th century, [340]
in papal court, [341]
in mediæval church, [350]
in military orders, [364]
in Bohemian church, [383]
in 15th century, [388]
in 16th century, [427], [515]-33
in English church of 16th century, [447]
in English monasteries, [451]
of clergy of Bangor, [463]
in Scottish church, [501] sqq.
in German church described by Cassander and Wicelius, [542]-3
after Council of Trent, [548]
in Rome, in 16th century, [549]
in post-Tridentine church of Italy, [550]-3
in Bavaria and Bohemia, [554], [556]
in the Low Countries, [557]
in France, [559]
in confessional, [566]-77
affected by casuistry, [578]
in 18th century, [585]-8
Morals of monachal educators, [619]-21
in the modern church, [624]-37
More, Sir Thomas, his position, [445]
appointed Chancellor, [449]
on sheep-farming, [474]
Morone, Cardinal, asked to aid in furthering clerical marriage, [541]
Morrison, Sir Richard, on resumption of church lands, [483]
Mortal sin, Wickliffe’s definition of, [379]
Morton, Archbishop, his visitation, [399]
Mosaic Law, materialism of, [21]
Mothers, residence of, forbidden, [138], [331]
Mount Lebanon, Synod of, in 1736, [91]
Mozarabic ritual, contest over, [304]
Mucius, his blind obedience, [102]
Muhlberg, battle of, [441]
Mulieres subintroductæ, forbidden by Council of Nicæa, [53]
allowed in modern times, [626]
Muncer and the Anabaptists, [438]
Munster, Council of, in 1279, [575]
in 1652, [558]
impossibility of reform, in 16th cent., [548]
proportion of clergy in, [631]
Mutilation, practice of, [40]
Mutilés de Russie, sect of, [41]
Mylitta, [21]
Mynecena, [173]
Myrc, John, his Instructions, [400]
on confessor and penitent, [574]
Myrror of Justice on married clerks, [291]
Mystic rewards of virginity, [347]
Nalanda, Buddhist monastery of, [95]
Namur, Synods of, in 1604 and 1639, [562]
in 1698, [576]
in 1742, [577]
Nanno of Verona protects married priests, [151]
Nantes, Council of, in 895, [138]
Edict of, [500]
Naples, children of ecclesiastics in, [335]
position of priests’ concubines in, [339]
tax on concubines in, [399]
clerical marriage proposed in 18th century, [583]
numbers of clergy in, [588], [631]
civil marriage in, [606], [607]
restrictions on monachism in 1820, [609]
Council of, in 1576, [553]
in 1699, [574]
Napoleon I. reëstablishes religion, [595]
prohibits clerical marriage, [597]
Napoleon III. favors monachism, [614], [617]-8
Narbonne, Council of, in 1551, [516]
in 1609, [560]
Nature, crimes against, [137], [332], [548]
Nausea, Frederic, on priestly marriage, [423]
Nazirate, the Jewish, [22]
Neocæsarea, Council of, in 314, [36], [51]
Neo-Platonism, influence of, [39]
Nestorians, the, [91], [92]
Netherlands, reception of Council of Trent, [547], [553]
troubles of, caused by clerical corruption, [557]
restrictions on monachism, [609]
Neustria, reforms in, [132]
New Grenada, corruption of church in, [563]
abuse of confessional in, [572]
suppression of monasteries in, [609]
Nicæa, Council of, its relation to celibacy, [53]
celibacy attributed to, [555]
Nicæa, canon of, its enforcement, [84]
renewed by Greek church, [91]
enforced by Gregory I., [124]
enforcement attempted in 744, [132]
in 9th century, [136]
in England, in 12th century, [277]
by Council of Coyanza, in 1050, [303]
in Anglican church, [494]
applied to female relatives, [138], [331], [628]
relaxation of, in 1536 and 1548, [518], [525]
by Council of Trent, [538]
efforts to enforce, in 17th century, [561]
disregarded in modern times, [626]
Nicetas Pectoratus, his defence of Greek church, [191]
Nicholas de Clemanges (see Clemanges).
Nicholas I. enforces the rule of celibacy, [139]
his relaxation of the rules, [141]
on sacraments of sinful priests, [194]
Nicholas II., his election, [192]
his reforms, [194], [197], [199]
he intervenes in Milanese troubles, [213]
his canons on celibacy renewed, [227]
he enforces celibacy in France, [255]
his death, [200]
Nicholas III., his efforts with Greek church, [328]
Nicholas V., regulations of, [397]
Nicholas the deacon, [34]
Nicolites, heresy of, [34]
priestly marriage ascribed to, [191], [201]
married priests stigmatized as, [211]
abjuration of, in Milan, [214]
condemnation by C. of Piacenza, [221]
in Germany, in 12th century, [318]
Nigel of Ely, his revolt, [281]
Niklaushausen, Hans of, [405]
Nimptschen, escape of nuns from, [425]
Nismes, residence of relatives forbidden, [332]
Noailles, Cardinal, on absolution by guilty confessor, [576]
Nobla Leyczon, La, [373], [374]
Nomocanon of Photius, [87]
Norbert, St., reforms effected by, [265]
Nordhausen, Council of, in 1105, [244]
Norfolk, married priests ejected in, [480]
Norfolk, Duke of, suppresses the Pilgrimage of Grace, [456]
introduces the Six Articles, [467]
Normandy, condition of church in 10th century, [155]
enforcement of celibacy in 12th century, [268], [319]
North, Sir Edward, obtains the Charter-House, [451]
Northmen, effect of their incursions, [139]
Northumberland, Earl of, his insurrection in 1569, [496]
Northumbrian priests, rules for, [168]
Norway, rights of illegitimates in, [197]
Nowell, Dean, on Council of Trent, [537]
Nucius, Nicander, on English monasteries, [452], [458], [469]
Nullity of marriage in orders introduced in 1123, [313]
at Council of Trent, [536]
Nunneries, disorders of, under Carlovingians, [137]
in 10th century, [152]
in 12th century, [264], [282], [318]
in 13th century, [268]
in 14th century, [340]
in 15th century, [389], [393], [399]
in 16th century, [451], [526], [527]
abuse of confessional in, [572]
Nuns, shaving of head prohibited, [104]
punishment for unchastity, [131]
seduction of, a capital offence, [136]
their scandalous lives under Carlovingians, [137]
test for their virtue, [292]
their residence with monks, in Spain, [305]
wives of monks must become, [324]
ordered to sleep singly, [332]
Lollard denunciations of them, [381]
apostate, claimed by the church, [424]
their emancipation, in the Reformation, [425], [427], [435]
ejected, held to chastity in England, [469]
their numbers in England, [471]
married, divorce of, [480]
their corruption by confessors, [523], [574], [586], [588]
their trial by Inquisition, [588]
secularized in Italy, [610]
marriage of (see Marriage).
Nürnburg, Diet of, in 1522, [424], [431]
in 1523, [69], [413], [424]
secularization of Augustinians, [425]
friars deprived of superintendence of nuns, [432]
Nurses of priests’ children, their position, [306]
Nursia, priest of, case of, [124]
Oath of Knight Templars, [362]
prescribed for French clergy, [589]
Obedience, monachal, nature of, [102]
Observances common to Catholicism and Buddhism, [35]
and Mazdeism, [44]
Odo of Canterbury, his indifference to celibacy, [166]
Odo of Toul on relaxation of discipline, [326]
Ogilby, Marion, [503]
Old Catholics, schism of, [604]
Olmutz, Synod of, in 1342, [338]
in 1413, [383]
in 1591, [555]
Oral Law, development of, [24]
burdens imposed by, [26]
Orange, Council of, in 441, [60], [76]
Ordeal, its use in ecclesiastical trials, [140]
Ordericus Vitalis, [156], [176]
Order of widows, apostolic, [96]
Orders, military, the, [362]
mendicant, the, [375]
Orders, religious, their abolition recommended, [523], [587]
unauthorized, suppressed in France, [621]
Orders, holy, in Wickliffe’s reforms, [379]
Ordination dissolves marriage, [313], [536]
indelible under Wickliffe, [379]
in modern France, [600]-1
minimum age for, [624]
sacrament of, attacked by Luther, [418]
superior to marriage, [314], [642]
Oriesis, St., rule of, [101]
Origen, asceticism condemned by, [33]
his self-mutilation, [40]
Origenism, influence of, [86]
Original sin, Council of Trent on, [640]
Orihuella, Council of, in 1600, [557], [562], [574]
Orleans, Council of, in 511, [80]
in 533, [60], [80]
in 538, [69], [80]
in 541 and 549, [80]
Ormanetto, Niccolo, his mission to Bavaria, [536]
Orthodox Brethren, the, [375], [385]
Orzechowski, Stanislas, case of, [540]
Osber, Council of, in 1062, [201]
Osbern, his life of St. Dunstan, [166]
Osiander on virginity of the Virgin, [69]
Osius of Cordova, influence of, [51]
Osnabruck, Synods of, in 1625, 1628, [556], [558]
Osorius on marriage of military orders, [365]
Ossory, Council of, in 1320, [299]
Oswald, St., his reforms, [169]
Oswalde’s Law, charter of, [169]
Otfrid of Watten, his troubles, [260]
Othlonus, his temptations, [188]
Otho I. deposes John XII., [144]
condemns priestly marriage, [150]
on sons of priests, [229]
Otho IV., his league with John of England, [283]
Otho of Constance, case of, [229]
Otto of Ostia, his mission to Constance, [229]
Otto, Cardinal, constitutions of, [288], [291]
Ottoboni, constitutions of, [291]
in Scotland, [301]
Oxford, Council of, in 1222, [288]
University of, on Wickliffe, [379]
reform proposed by, [394]
See of, created, [460]
Paccanaristes, [613]
Pachomius, rule of, [101]
Paderborn, Synod of, in 1548, [528]
proportion of clergy in, [631]
Pagan priests, restrictions on, [49]-50
Paleario, Aonio, on Council of Trent, [520]
Palencia, Council of, in 1129, [308]
in 1388, [311]
Palermo, civil marriage valid in, [606]
Palestine, monachism introduced in, [97]
Panzini on condemnation of marriage, [47]
on the suppression of religious orders, [610]
on clerical morality, [632]
is condemned as a heretic, [602], [642]
Papacy, degradation of, in 10th cent., [144]
in 11>th century, [176]
released from subjection, [192]
election limited to Roman clergy, [200]
distrust inspired by, [395]
restrictions on it in England, [417], [517]
opposition to it in England, [444]
supremacy abolished in England, [450]
restored in England, [482]
dependent on celibacy, [536]
Papal Court, its immorality, [341], [345]
its rapacity, [412], [416]
its repugnance for C. of Trent, [519], [522]
it hesitates as to celibacy in 18th century, [584]
number of women in, 1882, [628]
Papal dispensations, their effect, [322], [397]
sale of, [321], [322], [345], [398], [516], [517], [522]
admitted by Council of Trent, [535], [642]
for married priests, [407], [442]
Papal infallibility in Vatican Council, [608]
Papalists known as Paterins, [237]
Paphnutius, story of, [56]
quoted in the Reformation, [419]
Paraguay, suppression of monasteries in, [609]
Parajika rules, in Buddhism, [94]
Paregorius, case of, [84]
Paris, Council of, in 615, [114]
in 1074, [256]
in 1212, [270], [332]
in 1323, [351]
in 1521 and 1528, [515]
Huguenot Synod of, in 1559, [498]
diocese of, absolution in, [576]
Parlement of, regulates monastic orders, [585]
Parker, Archbishop, his marriage, [472]
his rejoinder to Martin, [480]
his promotion, [487]
he obtains priestly marriage from Elizabeth, [488]
his visitation of 1567, [491]
he remonstrates with Elizabeth, [493]
he evades an extradition question, [513]
Parker, Mrs., Elizabeth’s insolence to, [491]
Parkyns, his account of Abyssinian church, [93]
Parlement of Paris regulates monastic orders, [585]
Parliament (English) confirms supremacy of Henry VIII., [450]
enacts the Six Articles, [467]
modifies the Six Articles, [471]
legalizes priestly marriage, [473]
commands respect for it, [476]
reactionary measures under Mary, [478]
repeals the laws of Henry VIII., [482]
on confessional manuals, [634]
Parliament (Scotch) of 1542, [503]
of 1560, [506]
Parliamentary Abbots in 1539, [458]
Parma, trouble with married priests in, [222]
Partidas, Las Siete, marriage forbidden in, [309]
Partner in guilt, absolution by, [575]-8, [633]
Paschal II., his efforts to enforce celibacy, [244]
enforces celibacy in Denmark, [253]
in Britanny, [259]
in Flanders, [262]
in Spain, [305]
on ministration of married priests, [275]
on children of priests, [276]
Passau, enforcement of celibacy in, [230]
Council of, in 1284, [338]
troubles of, in 1431, [395]
Transaction of, [443]
Paterins, origin of the name, [211]
their heresy, [207]
their doctrines, [367]
German papalists so called, [237]
Patmore, Thomas, punishment of, [462]
Patra, the Buddha’s begging-dish, [35]
Patrician heresy, [45]
Patrick, St., his classification of merit, [46]
founds Irish church, [159]
celibacy in his church, [76]
Synod of, in 672, [160]
Patronage, abuse of, France, 16th cent., [515]
Paul, St., his liberalizing views, [26]
his asceticism, [31]
he enjoins abstinence from women, [49]
on ministration of women, [60]
his order of widows, [96]
Paul III. prevents reconciliation with Lutherans, [441]
grants dispensations for married priests, [442]
excommunicates Henry VIII., [455]
convokes Council of Trent, [520]
attempts a reform of the church, [516], [522]
obliged to abandon it, [523]
Paul IV. pronounces Savonarola orthodox, [386]
on English church-lands, [483]
on abuse of confessional, [568]
puts his own “Consilium” in the Index, [523]
Paul V. on abuse of confessional, [569]
Paul of Samosata, case of, [42]
Paul the Thebæan, the first anchorite, [97]
Paula, Francisco de, advocates clerical marriage, [602]
Pauline Christianity, [27]
Paupers, monastic vows taken only by, [168]
Pavia, Council of, in 1022, [178]
schismatic Synod of, in 1076, [219], [220]
Payne, Peter, [382]
Peasants’ War, the, [435]
Peckham of Canterbury, efforts of, [291]
Pedro de Luna, legate to Spain, [310]
Pekin, number of Buddhist monks in, [95]
Pelagius I. endeavors to enforce the canons, [123]
separates wives of subdeacons, [124]
Pelagius II., his relaxation of rules, [122]
Peñafiel, Council of, in 1302, [310]
Penance of married priests under Mary, [481]
term of, for infraction of canons, [80], [157], [160]
for unchastity, [169]
Penitential of Theodore on marriage, [48]
Penitentials, coarseness of, [566], [634]
Penitentiary, taxes of the, [428]
Pepin d’Heristel, policy of his house, [127]
Pepin-le-Bref reforms the clergy, [132]
his policy, [134]
Pères de la Foi, [613]
Périgord, Manichæism in, in 1147, [207]
Persecution of Manichæans, [43]
Persecution of monks by Leo the Isaurian, [90]
by Valens, [99]
of married priests, [234], [423]
of Catholics in Scotland, [512]
of celibacy under the Terror, [593]
Perth, monasteries destroyed in, [508]
Peru, corruption of church of, [564]-5
Perushim, [25]
Peter, St., his view of Christ’s mission, [26]
Peter d’Ailly on corruption of priests, [350]
on nunneries, [389]
he condemns Men of Intelligence, [385]
Peter of Antioch, [107]
Peter Cantor on clerical morals, [265]
on false accusations, [369]
Peter of Capua, Cardinal, enforces celibacy in Poland, [251]
Peter, Cardinal, exhorted to suppress marriage, [203]
Peter Comestor deprecates celibacy, [325]
Peter Martyr, tumult in Oxford against, [474]
exhumation of his wife, [484]
Peter the Venerable, miracle related by, [266]
he refutes the Petrobrusians, [370]
Peter de Vinea on official venality, [284]
Peter Waldo, his career, [372]
Peterboro’, the first bishop of, [454]
See of, created, [460]
Petrarch, his opinion of papal court, [342]
Petrobrusian heresy, [370]
Petronio, Marco, on clerical morality, [631]
Peutwitz, escape of nuns from, [425]
Peyrinnis, Laurent de, regulations of, [562]
Pfaffenkind, [336]
Pharisees, [25]
Philibert of Sedan on clerical marriage, [594]
Philip of Burgundy, bishop of Utrecht, [429]
Philip of Savoy, his career, [290]
Philip II. prevents the granting of clerical marriage, [544]
his policy with regard to Council of Trent, [547], [553]
he supports St. Charles Borromeo, [551]
Philippe, frère, of the Écoles Chrétiennes, [617], [620]
Philo on Therapeutæ, [26]
Phlebotomy of monks prohibited, [138]
Phœbe the deacon, [60]
Photinus, [39]
his heresy as to the Virgin, [68]
Physicians, prelates not to be, [227]
Piacenza, Bishop of, aids to elect Cadalus, [200]
Council of, in 1095, [221]
trouble in, [222]
Pibo of Toul inquires as to sacerdotal marriage, [243]
Picardi, [385]
Pictish church, character of, [160]
Piedmont, priestly marriage in, [202]
monastic orders suppressed in, [609]
number of clergy in, [630]
Pier-Leone, antipope, his character, [341]
Pierre de Bruys, [370]
Piers Ploughman, Vision of (see Langlande).
Piers Ploughman, Creed of, [352]
on Franciscans, [376]
Pietro Igneo excommunicates married priests, [222]
Pietro, schismatic Bishop of Lucca, [222]
Pietro de Santa Maria enforces celibacy in Bohemia, [246]
Pignan, disorders of canons of, [573]
Pilgrimage of Grace, the, [455]
Pilgrims, female, dangers to, [164]
deterred from visiting Rome, [145]
Pinytus of Gnosus, his asceticism, [34]
Pisa, Council of, failure of its reforms, [413]
Pistoia, trouble with married priests in, [222]
state of convents of, [586]
Council of, in 1786, [587]
Pius II. on the origin of celibacy, [29]
he favors clerical marriage, [406]
he increases the annates of Mainz, [412]
Pius III. his Bull of Reformation, [523]
Pius IV. on the origin of celibacy, [29]
he admits the story of Paphnutius, [56]
he reconvokes the Council of Trent, [521]
he temporizes with demand for clerical marriage, [531]
he swears his prelates to support vows of chastity, [533]
he approves his legates’ tergiversation, [535]
he concedes the cup to German laity, [541]
his treatment of Orzechowski, [541]
he inclines to grant clerical marriage, [544]
but at length refuses, [545]
he orders reception of C. of Trent, [547]
on abuse of confessional, [568]
Pius V. admits that heresy is justified by clerical immorality, [430]
his accession, [547]
his reforms, [548]-50
he suppresses the Umiliati, [552]
his Bull Contra Sodomitas, [578]
is stigmatized as a Lutheran, [641]
Pius VI. on abuse of confessional, [578]
Pius VIII. offers to permit clerical marriage, [598]
Pius IX. on dissolution of priestly marriage, [317]
he resists clerical marriage, [601]
his organization of the Vatican Council, [603]
he denounces civil marriage, [605]
growth of church under him, [608]
his policy on monastic vows, [610]-11
on absolution for solicitation, [633]
Podiebrads, the, of Bohemia, [384]
Poissy, Colloquy of, on virginity of the Virgin, [69]
its result, [559]
Poitiers, Council of, in 1000, [157]
in 1078, [256]
Huguenot Synod of, in 1560, [559]
Bishop of, on degradation of clergy, [638]
Poland, enforcement of celibacy in, [251]
its alliance with Bohemia, [384]
its complaints of papal exactions, [397]
clerical celibacy questioned in 15th century, [409]
clerical marriage demanded in 1556, [529]
case of Orzechowski, [540]
reception of Council of Trent, [547]
celibacy discussed in 18th century, [584]
Pole, Cardinal, on need of reformation, [522]
his legatine powers, [478]
is installed as legate, [482]
he enforces celibacy, [483]
he orders exhumation of Peter Martyr’s wife, [484]
he forbids withdrawal of married priests, [485]
his death, [486]
Political importance of celibacy, [201]
influence of married priests in 1061, [200]
of monachism, [106]
of Belgian clergy, [623]
teaching of monachism, [617]-8
Pollution of priests among the Jews, [22]
Polygamy of Jews and Christians, [38]
of priesthood, [172], [181], [247]
permitted by John of Leyden, [438]
Pomerania, clerical morals in 15th cent., [401]
Pomeranius on Luther’s marriage, [425]
Pontanus on Alexander VI., [345]
Pontigny, Abbot of, punished, [404]
Poor Men of Lyons, [373]
Poor-laws, English, commencement of, [460]
Poor, relief of, in Scotland, [508]
Pope (see Papal).
Pope, Simon, case of, [479]
Poppo of Brixen created pope, [187]
Popular desire for clerical celibacy, [77], [234]
invoked by the church, [227], [232]
Population, influence of celibacy on, [360]
Port of Spain, Council of, in 1854, [626], [633]
Portalis promises clerical marriage under the Concordat, [596]
forbids it, [597]
Portugal, military orders in, [365]
abuse of confessional in, [569]
Poverty not required in primitive monachism, [101], [112]
enforced in rule of Tetradius, [112]
in rule of military orders, [362]
of Irish church, [297]
of Scottish church, [508]
of Waldenses, [374]
of Franciscans, [376]
Poynette, Bishop, his writings, [473], [480]
Præmunire for recognizing papal authority, [456]
Pragmatic Sanction of 1438, [396]
Prague, enforcement of celibacy in, [246]
Univ. of, condemns Wickliffe, [382]
Councils of, in 1405-7, [383]
in 1565, [554], [556]
in 1860, [627], [633]
clerical marriage in 1578, [555]
Confession of Faith of 1432, [384]
Pratimoksha, the, [94]
Predestinarianism of Huss, [382]
Prelates not to be physicians, [227]
Prélibation, droit de, [354]
Premontré, order of, [264]
Priests, children of (see Children).
divorces of (see Divorces).
marriage of (see Marriage).
immorality of (see Morals).
forbidden to bear arms, in 1049, [189]
compelled to keep concubines, [310], [388], [389]
privileges of their concubines, [339]
reconciled, treatment of, in England, [484], [485]
their position, in French Revolution, [590]-2
obliged to join in wolf-hunts, [303]
purgation of, in Saxon England, [174]
punishment of, for unchastity, [131]
responsible for parish property, [123]
their position in modern France, [637]
sinful, their ministrations, [194], [368], [374], [379], [383]
their influence, [346]
mutually absolve each other, [428]
adulterous wives of, to be put away, [39]
their wives in Italy, in 8th century, [127]
disorders caused by, [147], [175]
stigmatized as concubines, [196]
reduced to slavery, [242]
assumed to be women in service, [489]
their resistance to celibacy, [202], [212], [222], [228], [231]
their power and privileges, [355]
they corrupt the laity, [265], [346], [350], [429], [430], [518], [530], [533], [586], [629]
Priesthood, hereditary (see Hereditary).
becomes indelible, in 12th century, [314]
is incompatible with medicine, [227]
Priestly caste, danger of creating, [225]
Primitive church, asceticism in, [31]
marriage permitted in, [28]
Privileges accorded to priests’ concubines, [339]
Procedure, ecclesiastical, gives practical immunity, [140]
Procopius, St., his marriage, [181]
Procopius the Hussite, [384]
Prodicus, heresy of, [33]
Promotion dependent on celibacy, [75], [76]
Property, church, threatened by priestly marriage, [123]
dilapidation, in 10th cent., [145], [147]
in France before 1789, [589]
Property, monastic, in England, [459]
confiscated in Germany, [434], [437], [439]
in France, [589]
in Italy, [609]
Prosecution of clerical offenders in France, [636]
Prostitution encouraged by celibacy, [629]
Prota, Dr., on civil marriage, [606]
Protection accorded to clerical criminals, [635]
Provence, Waldenses in, [375]
Prussia, foundation of kingdom of, [434]
acknowledges clerical marriage, [604]
proportion of clergy in, [630]
Prussia, West, morals of clergy, in 15th century, [402]
Public school system of France, [623]
Punishment, mildness of, for solicitation, [571]
Purgation of Anglo-Saxon priests, [174]
of married priests, [277]
Purgatory maintained by Henry VIII., [454]
Puricelli on marriage of Eriberto of Milan, [209]
on Ambrosian tradition, [210]
Puritanism, influence of, [357]
Purity required of pagan priests, [49]
Quebec, Councils of, in 1851 and 1854, [626], [633]
Quedlinburg, Diet of, in 1085, [239]
Quimper, diocese of, hereditary descent in, [259]
Quinisext in Trullo, [88]
Quito, Council of, in 1869, [627]
Radulphus Ardens on Manichæism, [208]
on clerical morals, [265]
Rainbaldo of Fiesole, [180]
Ranald and Raymond, case of, [146]
Rapacity of papal court, [412], [416]
Rasfeldt, Bishop, his misadventures, [548]
Ratherius of Verona on hereditary transmission, [146]
his priests all married, [148]
his contest with his clergy, [150]
Ratisbon, Council of, in 13th century, [248]
in 1512, [429]
Assembly of, in 1524, [423]
Diet of, in 1532, [439]
in 1541, [440]
Bishop John of, [429]
Ratramnus of Corvey on Nicene canons, [55]
Rauscher, Cardinal, denounces civil marriage, [605]
Ravenna, Council of, in 967, condemns priestly marriage, [150]
in 997, [157]
in 1568, [553]
in 1855, [627]
Raymond of Gallicia, [307]
Raymond du Puy founds Knights of St. John, [362]
Recared I. enforces celibacy, [121]
Reconciliation of Imperialist clergy, in 1106, [245]
of Anglican clergy, [484], [485]
of England to Rome, [482]
Reformation, the, in Germany, [410]-43
caused by clerical corruption, [430], [514], [516], [518], [527], [529], [548], [556] sqq.
in England, [444]-97
in France, [498]-500
in Scotland, [501]-13
Reforms proposed at Constance, [391]
undertaken at Bâle, [395]
attempted at Trent, [538]
Réfractaires priests, [590]
Regency, Council of, in 1523, [424]
Reggio, trouble with married priests in, [222]
Reginald of Canterbury, his life of St. Malchus, [275]
Regino of Pruhm on residence of female relatives, [138]
on legalized concubinage, [196]
Regnier the Albigensian, [367]
Relatives, residence of (see Residence).
Relaxation for abuse of confessional, [569]
Relics, false, sold by monks, [102]
ridiculed by Erasmus, [414]
impostures of, in England, [458]
Renan, Ernest, on morality of clergy, [625]
Renaud of Rheims protects Flemish priests, [261]
Residence of relatives forbidden, [138], [331], [555], [560]
its danger, [628]
of women, canon of Nicæa on, [53]
Emperor Honorius on, [55]
prohibition enforced, [84]
in Greek church, [91]
by Gregory I., [124]
forbidden, in 744, [132]
legislation on, [136]
tolerated in Spain, [303], [307], [309]
regulated in 1536, [518]
over forty years old permitted, [525]
permitted by Council of Trent, [538]
regulations for, [554], [560], [561]
in Spanish colonies, [563]
modern rules for, [626], [628]
Resistance of clergy to celibacy, [202], [212], [222], [228], [231]
Responsibility of the church, [355]
thrown upon God, [536], [624]
Restoration, monachism under the, [613]
Restrictions on monachism by Valens, [99]
by Majorian, [105]
in the East, [107]
in modern times, [608], [613], [621]
on clerical marriage by Elizabeth, [489]
Results of celibacy, [330]
Reuchlin and the theologians, [413]
Revolution, French, its treatment of the church, [588]-94
tolerates Sisters of Charity, [613]
of 1830, its influence on monachism, [614]
Rhea, worship of, [50]
Rheims, Council of, in 874, [141]
in 1049, [189]
in 1119, [267]
in 1130, [314], [315]
in 1148, [315]
in 1408, [350]
in 1564, [559]
in 1583, [560]
in 1849, [626]
Rhodes, Knights of, [362], [366], [458]
Ribadeneira, his life of Loyola, [517]
Ricci, Scipione dei, [587]
Richard of Albano appealed to, [261]
Richard of Dover on suppression of monasteries, [455], [456]
on starving out of monasteries, [457]
on false relics, [458]
intercedes for ejected monks, [460]
Richard the Fearless reforms Fécamp, [155]
Richard Fitz-Neal, his advancement, [281]
Richard of Marseilles, papal legate to Spain, [304]
Richmond, Thos., case of, [382]
Richstich Landrecht, children of clerks in, [336]
Riculfus of Soissons on incest, [138]
Ridley, Bishop, prepares the Forty-two Articles, [475]
Rigobert, St., of Rheims, [129]
Ritualists, Anglican, on marriage, [476]
Rivera on toleration of adultery, [566]
Robber Synod at Ephesus, [107]
Robert d’Arbrissel, his reforms, [258], [265]
Robert of Artois, case of, [261]
Robert, Cardinal, his constitutions, [332]
Robert the Frisian enforces celibacy, [260]
Robert the Good (Naples) remits fines on concubinage, [339]
Robert the Hierosolymitan of Flanders, [261]
Robert the Pious, his neglect of celibacy, [179]
he burns heretics, [207]
Robert of Rouen, his character, [155]
Robles, his life of Ximenes, [403]
Roderic of Spain repeals Witiza’s laws, [122]
Rodolf of Bourges on residence of female relatives, [138]
Rodolf of Swabia, his coronation at Mainz, [236]
Rodolphus Glaber on simony, [185]
Rodriguez on seduction in confessional, [570]
Roman clergy, papal election by, [200]
Roman Law, concubinage under, [196]
Roman Republic, abrogation of monastic vows in 1849, [609]
Rome, Council of, in 384, [64], [103]
in 721, and 722, [127]
in 745, [132]
in 826, [196]
in 1051, [189]
in 1052, [196]
in 1057, [192]
in 1059, [194]
in 1063, [196], [202]
in 1066, [216]
in 1074, [227]
in 1075, [231]
in 1076, [229], [232]
in 1079, [56]
in 1725, [626]
pseudo-council under Silvester, [55], [122]
avarice of, [397], [412]
brothels kept by prelates in, [429]
England reconciled to, [482]
Germany oppressed by, [412]
heretics forbidden in, [70]
its influence extended to Ireland, [296]
to Spain, [303]
jurisdiction of, its limits, [84]
its demoralizing effect, [139], [322], [345]
surrendered by Alexander IV., [334]
morals of Pagan, [32]
of Christian, [81], [181], [341], [549], [587]
modern political opinions of, [618]
number of clergy in, [630]
pilgrims deterred from visiting, [145]
reforms of Pius V., [550]
revision of modern councils at, [628]
rule respecting the subdiaconate, [124]
supremacy over Milan asserted, [213]
toleration of attacks, 15th cent., [387], [417]
of sacrilege and lust, [431]
of Greek discipline, [640]
Romuald the priest, case of, [127]
Romuald, St., [186]
Rosceline on priests’ children, [276]
Rota, priest of, his fate, [236]
Rothius on the Nicolites, [34]
Rouen, Archbishops of, in 10th cent., [155]
Council of, in 1072, [256]
in 1148, [372]
in 1189, [322]
in 1581, [500]
in 1850, [626], [633]
Roussillon, Edict of, in 1564, [499]
Rules of monachism, early, [101]
of St. Benedict, [112]
of St. Cassianus, [101], [110]
of St. Chrodegang, [134]
of St. Columba, [160]
of St. Oriesis, [101]
of St. Pachomius, [101]
of St. Tetradius, [112]
Rupert of Duits on priestly marriage, [247]
Ruremonde, Synod of, in 1570, [562]
Russel, Lord, suppresses insurrection in Devon, [475]
Russian church, customs of, [91]
Rusticus of Narbonne, [76]
Sabatati, [373]
Saccofori, [44]
Sacerdotalism, necessity of celibacy to, [225]
popular antagonism to, [368]
Sachsenspiegel, children of clerks in, [336]
Sacrament of marriage inferior to ordination, [313], [315], [642]
of sinful priests, [194], [368], [374], [379], [383]
Sacrilege and lust, tolerance for, [431]
Sadducees, conservatism of, [24]
Sadoleto, Card., on need of reformation, [522]
Saignet, his advocacy of clerical marriage, [353], [406]
St. Albans, Abbey of, its disorders, [399]
St. Caterina di Pistoia, Abbess of, [586]
St. Cornelius, church of, charter to, [270]
St. Denis, Council of, in 995, [154]
Abbey of, its disorders, [264]
St. Esprit, Society of, [613]
St. Fara, monastery of, its disorders, [264]
St. Gildas de Ruys, Abbey of, [264]
St. Iago of Compostella, church of, [306]
St. James of the Sword, Order of, [363]
St. John, Knights of, [362], [366], [458]
St. Louis, Council of, in 1858, [627]
St. Marco, preservation of, in 1866, [609]
St. Martin of Tours, Abbey of, [404]
St. Mary of Argenteuil, Convent of, [264]
St. Michael, Order of, [365]
St. Omer, Synod of, in 1099, [261]
in 1583, [560]
in 1640, [562]
St. Peter of Sens, Abbey of, [153]
St. Riquier, Abbey of, its strictness, [404]
St. Sabina, Cardinal of, enforces celibacy in Sweden, [253]
St. Stephen, church of, in Aretino, [147]
St. Ursmar, married canons of, [270]
St. Vitus, monks of, reformed by Gregory I., [114]
Saintes, monastic school at, case of, [619]
Saints in Benedictine Order, [113]
Salamanca, Council of, in 1335, [310]
Salerno, Council of, in 1596, [553]
Salona, Archbishop of, degraded, [188]
Salvianus on condition of morals, [81]
Salzburg, disorders in 12th century, [247]
Archbishop of, demands suppression of clerical marriage, [530]
asks for clerical marriage, [539]
impossibility of reform, 16th century, [548], [554]
XXXth Council of, [350]
in 1537, [518]
in 1549, [527]
in 1562, [531]
Sampson, Thos., on position of married clergy, [496]
Samson, Nazirate of, [22]
Samuel, Nazirate of, [22]
Sanadon of Oléron on clerical marriage, [594]
Sanders on Cranmer, [470], [474]
on delay in authorizing priestly marriage, [488]
on Elizabethan clergy, [494]
Sandys, Bishop, on delay of priestly marriage, [488]
his quarrel with Sir J. Bourne, [496]
Sanghadisesa rules, in Buddhism, [95]
Sangharamas, Buddhist, [94]
Sangreal, the, [35]
Sankhya school, [23]
Sannazaro on Innocent VIII. and Alexander VI., [345]
Sannyasis, class of, [23]
Sanseverino, Council of, in 1597, [553]
Santafé, Council of, in 1556, [563]
Saoshyans, the Zend Messiah, [35]
Sarabaitæ, [107], [109], [115]
Saragossa, Council of, in 381, [98], [100]
in 592, [80]
Sarah, Abbess, her fortitude, [188]
Sardinia, civil marriage enacted, [605]
suppression of monasteries, [609]
Sarpi, Fra Paolo, on Tridentine points of faith, [641]
Satan, his estimate of chastity, [348]
his gratitude to the church, [351]
venerated by Begghards, [377]
Saturnilus, heresy of, [33]
Saurin vs. Starr and Kennedy, [611]
Savonarola, [386]
on priestly morals, [399]
on morals of nunneries, [403]
on abuse of confessional, [567]
Savoy, priestly marriage in, [203]
in the Revolution, [592]
Saxon bishops ejected by Normans, [271]
married priests in Ireland, [298]
(See, also, Anglo-Saxon.)
Saxony, commencement of priestly marriage in, [419]
Sbinco of Prague, his reforms, [383]
Scandal more dreaded than sin, [518], [565], [567], [568], [571], [577], [579], [619], [628], [634]-5
Scandals of agapetæ, [41]
Scandinavia, morals of bishops, [389]
Scania, demand for priestly marriage in, [252]
Scaren, plunder of bishopric of, [279]
Schening, Council of, in 1548, [253]
Schism of 1061, influence of celibacy on, [200]
Schmalkalden, League of, its founding, [438]
its overthrow, [441]
its negotiations with Henry VIII., [466]
Schmidt, Conrad, his heresy, [385]
Schmidt, Johann, Bishop of Vienna, [439]
School system, public, in France, [623]
Schools of monastic orders in France, [617]-21
Scotland, its church, founded by Columba, [160]
claim of York on, [161]
celibacy in early church of, [161]
position of concubines in, [197]
enforcement of celibacy in, [299]
Council of, in 1225, [301]
the Reformation in, [501]-13
Scribes, their influence, [24]
Scythianus, precursor of Manes, [44]
Sebastian of Portugal on papal dispensations, [517]
Second marriages (see Marriage).
Secular power invoked to regulate monachism, [100]
protects married priests, [151], [152]
its assistance invoked, [178], [203], [293], [294], [309], [559], [560]
celibacy subject to, [583]
Secularization of church property in Germany, [427], [435], [437]
in England, [454]-60
in France, [589]
in Italy, [609]
of education in France, [623]
Seduction of nuns a capital offence, [136]
Segenfrid of Le Mans, evil courses of, [152]
Sendomir, Agreement of, [385]
Sens, Council of, in 1850, [626]
Seraphin of Gran on marriage, [249]
Sergius III., his immorality, [144]
Serfs, ordination of, [155]
Servant, priest’s wife assumed to be a, [489]
Servitude of sons of priests, [155]
of their wives, [189], [242], [309]
Severus repeals Majorian’s laws, [106]
Seville, Council of, in 590, [80]
in 1512, [400]
dress of concubines regulated, [517]
abuse of confessional in, [569]
Sextus Philosophus on mutilation, [40]
Shaving, resistance of clergy to, [553]
Shaxton, Bishop, opposes the Six Articles, [469]
Sheep-farming, discontent caused by, [474]
Shrewsbury, hereditary benefices in, [272]
Sicily, monachism reformed by Gregory I., [114]
celibacy of subdeacons, [124]
children of ecclesiastics in, [335]
civil marriage valid, [606]
episcopal convention of, in 1850, [626]
Sickingen, Franz von, [421]
Siedeler, Jacob, fate of, [419]
Siegfrid of Mainz, his troubles with celibacy, [231]
Siete Partidas on origin of celibacy, [29]
celibacy enjoined in, [309]
Sigismund (Emp.) advocates clerical marriage, [406]
Silesia, heresy of John of Pirna, [378]
marriage in post-Tridentine church, [555]
clerical marriage asked for in 1831, [601]
Silvester I. on abuse of confession, [567]
forged canons of, [122], [137]
Silvester II. on celibacy, [157]
Silvester III., election of, [183]
Simon, Jules, opposes secularized education, [623]
Simoniacal priests, sacraments of, [195]
Simony, in 11th century, [185], [214]
its repression by Leo IX., [189]
by Gregory VII., [229]
papal, [398]
Simple vows prevent marriage, [321]
Simplicius, St., of Autun, case of, [78]
Sin (see Scandal).
its influence on sacraments, [194]
Wickliffe’s definition of, [379]
Siricius makes no reference to Nicene canon, [55]
commands celibacy, [65], [72]
on heresy of Bonosus, [68]
of Jovinian, [69]
on disregard of vows, [100]
on monastic unchastity, [103]
Sister, residence of (see Residence).
Sisters of Charity, [612]-3
Sithieu, Abbey of, its strictness, [404]
Sitten, Synod of, in 1500, [402]
Six Articles (see Articles).
Sixtus III. on marriage, [47]
his trial, [82]
Sixtus IV., his vices, [344]
his sale of preferments, [398]
Sixtus V. on children of cardinals, [550]
Skopsis, sect of, [41]
Slave children of priests emancipated, [563]
Slavery for wives of priests, [189], [242], [389]
for their sons, [155]
Slaves, female, their union with priests, [249]
Slavonic church, its connection with the Greek, [244]
adherence to priestly marriage, [251]
Sleidan on organized concubinage, [353]
Sleswick, clerical morals in 15th cent., [402]
Smaragdus on monastic impostors, [115]
Smith, Dr. Richard, on clerical matrimony, [474]
Smith, Sir Thomas, on celibacy, [497]
Socrates on the story of Paphnutius, [56]
on observance of celibacy, [86]
Soissons, Synod of, in 744, [132]
Manichæism in 1114, [207]
Solicitation (see Confessional).
Somerset the Protector encourages the reformers, [472]
Sons of priests (see Children).
Sorbonne, the, condemns Hildebrandine doctrine, [382]
condemns Jean Lallier, [408]
refuses conference with Melanchthon, [440]
Sormitz, escape of nuns from, [425]
Sousa, Ant. de, on solicitation, [571]
Sozomen relates the story of Paphnutius, [56]
Spain, celibacy first enforced in, [50], [66]
disregarded in 375, [65]
legislation in 400, [75]
continued efforts required, [80]
morals of, in 4th century, [81]
monasticism in 7th century, [115]
celibacy in Arian church, [120]
reforms attempted by Catholicism, [121]
church property guarded, [123]
concubines, position of, [196], [197]
enforcement of celibacy in, [302]
priestly marriage universal, [303]
delay in abrogating priestly marriage, [305]
immorality of clergy, [311]
military orders, [363]
demoralization in 15th century, [400]
Ximenes and the Franciscans, [402]
morals in 16th century, [517]
priestly marriage demanded, [556]
concubinage of ecclesiastics, [557]
the Colonial church, [563]
abuse of confessional, [568]-74
case of Father Mena, [579]
census of the church in 1764, [588]
civil marriage agitated, [605]
Spalatin, his record of priestly marriages, [422]
Spalatro, Council of, in 925, [149]
in 1185, [250]
Spaldwick, Vicar of, scandal caused by, [485]
Spandel, Chris., on corruption of clergy, [556]
Spanish church, its independence of Rome, [302]
colonies, corruption of church in, [563]
Spelman on Anglo-Saxon monachism, [173]
Spifame, Bishop of Nevers, [499]
Spiti, number of monks in, [95]
Spotswood claims extradition of Baron’s wife, [513]
Sraddha, [23]
Standards of morality, [269], [347], [349], [627]
State, permission of the, required by monastic orders in 1760, [585]
its subjection to the church, [618], [639]
Statistics of abuse of confessional, [573], [636]
of Buddhist monachism, [95]
of clergy in France, [593], [637]
in Germany, [630]-1
in Italy, [630]
in Naples, [631]
of Company of Jesus, [615]
of monachism in Austria, [615]
in Belgium, [615]
in France, [614], [615], [617]
Stephen IX. forces episcopate on Damiani, [186]
his efforts at reform, [192]
intervenes in Milanese troubles, [212]
Stephen, King (England), his siege of Devizes, [281]
Stephen of Halberstadt on the Imperialists, [239]
Sterckx, Archbishop, his “Petronilla,” [629]
Stipends of married priests guaranteed, [594]
Stokesley of London on suppression of monasteries, [454]
on priestly marriage, [462]
Storck and the Anabaptists, [438]
Strassburg, popular protection of married priests, [423]
Synod of, in 1549, [528]
in 1687, [562]
Strype, his description of English clergy, [476]
Sturmius, Balt., his marriage, [421]
Subdeacons allowed to marry, [39]
their marriage forbidden in 530, [86]
separated from their wives, [124]
marriage of, forbidden in 952, [149]
subjected to the canon, [196], [204]
when married, removed from benefice, [242]
their celibacy in Dalmatia, [250]
their marriage in Hungary, [250]
and in Austria, 1267, [251]
their celibacy in Denmark, [253]
rules in England, [274]
exceptions in favor of immorality, [320]
their marriage permitted, [324]
Suchuen, abuse of confessional in, [578]
Suczinsky, Dean, his marriage, [604]
Suffolk, Duke of, suppresses insurrection, [455]
Suger of St. Denis imprisons Éon de l’Étoile, [372]
Suidger of Bamberg created pope, [184]
Sulpicius Severus, St., favors Vigilantius, [71]
Sulpitius of Bourges, [118]
Suppression of monasteries in Germany, [427], [435]
in England, [448], [454]
means adopted for, [457]
financial results of, [460]
by Joseph II., [584]
in France, [589]
in recent times, [608]-9
Suzor of Tours on clerical marriage, [594]
Swabia, enforcement of celibacy in, [233]
Sweden, position of concubines in, [197]
enforcement of celibacy in, [252]
Englishmen as bishops, [278]
morals of bishops, [389]
Swithin, St., marriage of, [165]
Switzerland, celibacy at Constance, [229]
clerical morals of, 13th century, [340]
organized concubinage in, [353]
Zwingli’s movement, [421]
demoralization in 16th century, [429]
clerical marriage in modern times, [601]
Syllabus of 1864 on dissolution of marriage, [317]
its political teachings, [618]
argued away by Dupanloup, [642]
Symmachus prohibits marriage of nuns, [111]
on confessors and penitents, [567]
Synesius, case of, [85]
Taas, Hussite victory of, [382]
Taborites, the, [383]
Tacitus on morality of Germans, [118]
Taillard on origin of celibacy, [30]
Talasius of Angers on celibacy, [79]
Talesperianus of Lucca, charter of, [127]
Talleyrand secularizes church property, [589]
Talon, Omer, on marriage of apostates, [501]
Tamar and Judah, [21]
Tanner, Dr., on number of ejected priests, [480]
Tapas, character of, [24]
Tarento, Archb. of, advocates marriage, [631]
Tarragona, Council of, in 516, [80]
in 1591, [562]
in 1717, [626]
Tatianus, heresy of, [33]
Taxes of the Penitentiary, [428], [517]
Teachers, character of monastic, [618]
Teaching, political, of monachism, [618]
Tedaldo, Archbishop of Milan, [219]
Templars, military order of, [362]
Temporal possessions (see Secularization).
Temporalities of church endangered by marriage, [63], [407]
of married clerks, seizure of, [258]
Tenure of chastity, benefices held by, [311]
Terbinthus, teacher of Manes, [44]
Terouane, marriage of priests in, [262]
Terror, the, position of priests under, [590]
persecution of celibacy, [593]
Sisters of Charity tolerated, [613]
Tertullian denounces second marriages, [36]
on virginity of the Virgin, [68]
on merits of widows and virgins, [96]
on accusations against Christians, [208]
Test, clerical marriage as a, [592]
Tetradius, St., Rule of, [112]
Tetzel, sale of indulgences by, [413]
Teutonic Knights, order of, [366]
marriage of, [434]
tribes, virtue of, [82]
Thane-right, [173]
Theatricals in nunneries, [527]
Theocracy proposed by Gregory VII., [223]
Theodatus of Corvey, success of, [227]
Theodore of Canterbury, his penitential, [48], [162]
on sacrament of sinful priests, [195]
Theodore Studita on monastic morals, [109]
Theodoric of Verdun, his remonstrances, [233]
Theodoric a Niem on John XXII., [344]
on Swedish bishops, [389]
Theodosius the Great suppresses polygamy, [38]
prohibits shaving of nuns, [104]
restricts monachism, [108]
Theodosius of Jerusalem, [107]
Theodulf of Orleans on incest, [138]
Theodwin and Albert at Council of Avranches, [319]
Theophilus of Alexandria, rigor of, [349]
Theophylact on “unius uxoris vir,” [38]
Therapeutæ, [26]
Thessalonica, celibacy enforced in, [86]
Thibaut of Oxford on priests’ children, [276]
Thomas Aquinas (see Aquinas).
Thomas à Becket on simony, [284]
Thomas of Cantinpré on corrupting influence of priesthood, [350]
Thomas of Walden on Wickliffe, [379]
Thomas, Wm., on English monasteries, [452]
de Thou, on refusal to grant clerical marriage, [544]
Thuringia, the Brethren of the Cross, [385]
Thurles, Council of, in 1850, [626], [633]
Tibet, number of monks in, [95]
Tibullus on purity required for sacrifice, [49]
Timotheists, their heresy, [376]
Tithes, seizure of, by the laity, [258]
Toledo, Council of, in 398, [196], [566]
in 400, [75], [105]
in 531, [80]
in 589, [80], [120]
in 597 and 633, [80]
in 653, [80], [121]
in 655, [121]
in 675, [80]
in 1565 and 1582, [562], [574]
discipline of, in Spanish church, [302]
Toleration of attacks by Rome, [386], [415], [417]
Toleration, condemned by the church, [618]
Tonsure, differences as to, [161], [163]
Toribio, St., of Peru, [564]
Torné of Bourges, his marriage, [591]
Tortosa, Council of, in 1429, [311], [364]
Torture not allowed in trials for solicitation, [571]
Toul, hereditary transmission in, [266]
relaxation of discipline in, [326]
Toulouse, Council of, in 1056, [255], [304]
in 1119, [208], [267]
in 1850, [626], [633]
spread of heresy in, [207], [370]
Tournay, Synod of, in 1520, [575]
in 1574, [560]
Tournon, Cardinal, his efforts at reform, [515]
Tours, Council of, in 460, [80]
in 567, [80], [120]
in 925, [146]
in 1060, [198], [255]
in 1096, [263]
in 1163, [319]
in 1583, [560]
in 1849, [626]
Trani, married bishop deposed, [197]
civil marriage valid in, [606]
Transaction of Cadam, [439]
of Passau, [443]
Transsubstantiation, Wickliffe’s error on, [378]
Treason, English monks punished for, [451], [457]
Treglia, Andrea, case of, [606]
Tréguier, residence of relatives forbidden, [332]
Trent, Council of, [514]-45
expectations with regard to it, [441], [443]
it authorizes dispensations for married priests, [442]
its canons on matrimony, [534]-6
on adultery, [566]
its non-reception in France, [546]
its reception elsewhere, [547]
failure of its reforms, [548] sqq.
enforcement of its canons, [552], [553], [554]
it avoids reference to abuse of confessional, [568]
on power of absolution, [575]
on age of ordination, [624]
on gift of chastity, [624]
on residence of women, [626], [628]
on celibacy as matter of faith, [640]
Trèves, persecution of married clergy in, [234]
morals of clergy, in 12th century, [248]
Archbp., asks for clerical marriage, [539]
effort for clerical marriage, in 1833, [601]
proportion of clergy in, [631]
Synod of, in 1548, [525]
in 1549, [526]
in 1678, [562]
Trialogus, Wickliffe’s, [380]
Tribunal, mixed, for married priests, [257]
Tribur, assembly of, in 1076, [237]
Trinidad and Mercede, Orders of, [311]
Trithemius on Benedictine saints, [113]
on monastic immorality, [404]
Tropea, sister of Pier-Leone, [342]
Trosley, Council of, in 909, [141]
Troyes, Synod of, in 1107, [245]
in 1128, [362]
Tsadukim, hereditary priesthood of, [22]
their conservatism, [24]
Tuam, Council of, in 1854, [633]
Tudeschi, Nich., advocates clerical marriage, [406]
Turin, Council of, in 401, [75]
Turner, John, penance of, [481]
Turquoing, suppression of unauthorized orders in, [622]
Tuscany, priestly marriage defended in, [199]
clerical morals in 18th century, [586]
Tyndale advocates priestly marriage, [462]
Ulric, St., of Augsburg on priestly marriage, [149]
Ulric of Bohemia founds Abbey of Zagow, [181]
Ulric of Tegernsee on bigamy, [181]
Umbilicani, [24]
Umiliati, their struggle with St. Charles Borromeo, [551]
Unchastity, forgiveness for, in False Decretals, [136]
punished as homicide, [169]
United States, priestly marriage in, [607]
morality of clergy in, [625]
recent Councils of, [626]-7, [633]
University Fellows, celibacy of, [492]
Urban II. on sacraments of sinful priests, [195]
creates Conrad King of Lombardy, [220]
reconciles the Milanese clergy, [220]
holds Council of Piacenza, [221]
enforcement of celibacy attributed to, [225]
not recognized in Germany, [241]
his enforcement of celibacy, [242]
protects Flemish priests, [261]
declares marriage incompatible with Orders, [313]
Urban III. enforces celibacy in Dalmatia, [250]
Urban VIII. on abuse of confessional, [573]
Urbicus of Clermont, case of, [73]
Urbino, Council of, in 1569, [553]
in 1859, [627]
Urraca, Queen, [306]
Useria, supposed wife of Eriberto of Milan, [209]
Utopia, Sir Thomas More’s, [446]
Utraquists, the, [384]
Utrecht, condition of nunneries, 14th century, [340]
reception of Council of Trent in, [553]
Synods of, in 1561 and 1565, [554]
in 1865, [627], [633]
Vagabond monks, [102], [109], [115]
Vagabondage, Tudor laws on, [455], [460]
Valence, Council of, in 374, [100], [103]
Valencia, Council of, in 1255, [309]
in 1565, [562]
Valens, his restrictions on monachism, [99]
Valentinian on clerical morals, [63]
Valentinus, heresy of, [33]
Valesians, sect of, [40]
Valladolid, Council of, in 1322, [310], [364]
Vallombrosa, monks of, [183]
Vanaprasthas, class of, [23]
Varahran I. persecutes Manichæism, [43]
Vatican, Council of, in 1870, [603]
its decree of infallibility, [608]
number of women in, 1882, [628]
Vaudois, the, [373]
Vedas, doctrine of Tapas in, [24]
Vega, Fray Juan de la, [572]
Veil, taking the, a marriage with Christ, [104]
Velda, Dr., case of, [570]
Venality of officials, [253], [278], [284], [293], [312], [321], [327], [332], [337], [339], [345], [396], [401], [433], [517], [522]
Venantius of Syracuse, case of, [113]
Venezuela, suppression of monasteries in, [609]
Venice, relaxation of the canon in, [205]
number of priests in, [588]
Council of, in 1859, [627]
Vercelli, troubles of married priests in, [152]
Verdun, reform of monks of, [264]
Veringen, Count of, case of, [235]
Verneuil, Synod of, in 755, [134]
Vernon, Council of, in 845, [139]
Verona, trouble with married priests, [151]
Vertfeuil, extent of heresy in, [370]
Vestal Virgins, [50]
Vestments, monastic, salvation ensured by, [335]
Veuillot, Louis, on droit de marquette, [355]
Vicenza, Council of Trent transferred to, [520]
Victimes de l’Amour de Dieu, [613]
Victor II., his efforts at reform, [191]
enforces celibacy in France, [255]
Victor III. on Italian church, [180]
Victricius opposes Vigilantius, [71]
Vienna, Council of, in 1267, [251]
in 1858, [627], [633]
Vienne, Council of, in 1060, [198]
in 1311, [376]
Vigilantius, his resistance to celibacy, [70]
Vihara, Buddhist monastery, [94]
Villa, father, of Monza, [621]
Villiers, Abbé, defends celibacy, [582]
Villiers de l’Isle-Adam, [366]
Vincent, St., de Paul, [612]
Vintimiglia, Nunzio, his negotiations with Maximilian II., [543]
Virgil, Polydor, on celibacy in England, [273]
Virgin Mary, heresies concerning, [68]
her message to Gregory VII., [226]
Virginal, Curé of, his opinions, [623]
Virginity, extravagant praises of, [45], [347], [349]
by Chrysostom, [86]
importance attributed to, [98]
by the Fraticelli, [377]
by Wickliffe, [380]
compared with marriage, [46], [47], [96], [318], [347]
superiority of, a Tridentine dogma
of morals, [536], [641]
St. Jerome on its rarity, [624]
perpetual, of the Virgin, [68]
vows of (see Vows).
Virgins, priests to marry none but, [38]
number of, in early church, [98]
professed (see Nuns).
Visconti, Nunzio, on marriage at Trent, [535]
Visitation of monasteries by Archbishop Morton, [399]
by Archbishop Warham, [447]
ordered by Henry VIII., [451]
its effect, [453]
Vitalis of Mortain preaches reform, [258]
Vitry, Jacques de, case of, [398]
Vladislas II. on clerical immorality, [401]
Vows of chastity, introduction of, [41]
not favored in early church, [48]
their temporary character, [41], [97]
their increasing permanency, [105]
rendered irrevocable by Gregory I., [113]
infanticide caused by them, [100]
are ordered for subdeacons, [124]
their perversion, [127]
made a prerequisite to holy orders, [179]
work dissolution of marriage, [313]
difference between simple and formal, [321]
are denounced by Lollards, [381]
by Luther, [421]
are maintained in the Six Articles, [469]
prelates at Trent sworn to support them, [533]
their observance a point of faith, [641]
papal dispensation for, [535], [642]
never granted by Pius IX., [611]
minimum age for, defined by Pius IX., [611]
limited to five years in France, [613]
Vows, monastic, rendered indissoluble in the East, [107]
of the military orders, [362]
Vrie, Theodoric, on clerical immorality, [389]
Wahu, Dr., on monastic schools, [619]
on cases of clerical prosecution, [636]
Wake, Archbishop, his correspondence with Du Pin, [582]
Waldemar II. on concubines, [197]
Walden, Abbot of, his marriage, [463]
Waldo, Peter, [372]
Waldenses, the, [373]
Waldeck, Count of, his treatment of monks, [435]
Wales, celibacy in early church, [163]
state of church in 9th century, [171]
priestly marriage in 13th century, [285]
its persistence, [294]
Walter of Orleans on residence of female relatives, [138]
Warham, Archbishop, his visitation, [447]
Wartburg, Luther’s confinement in, [419]
Watten, Priory of, its troubles, [260]
Wealth of church, its growth, [63]
Wedlock (see Marriage).
Wenceslas of Bohemia, his reforms, [383]
Wendt, Rev. Mr., case of, [636]
Wer-gild of priest, [173]
of children of clerks, [336]
Western monachism, character of, [109], [112]
Westminster, Council of, in 1127, [280]
in 1138, [281]
short-lived bishopric of, [460]
canons of, ejected, [479]
Westmoreland, Earl of, his insurrection in 1569, [496]
Weston, Dr., story of, [477]
Wexford, married priests of, [298]
Whitby, Synod of, in 664, [161]
Wiburn, Percival, on marriage of Anglican clergy, [495]
Wicelius, George, on clerical marriage, [542]
Wickliffe on sacraments of sinful priests, [196]
his reforms, [378]
Widowhood, vows of, license caused by, [127]
Widows, priests not to marry, [39]
order of, in early church, [42], [96]
comparison of, with virgins, [46], [96], [347]
professed, marriage of, [110]
Wied, Hermann von, his attempts at reform, [518]
Wiesbaden, clerical marriage in 1821, [601]
Wilfreda, St., [167]
William of Bavaria on church corruption, [527]
William of Cantilupe enforces celibacy, [288]
William of Cologne forbids marriage of monks, [340]
William the Conqueror enforces celibacy in Normandy, [257]
permits marriage in Britanny, [259]
neglects reform in England, [271]
William of Hilderniss, [385]
William the Lion on concubines, [197]
persecutes the clergy, [301]
William of Malmesbury on Anglo-Saxon church, [176]
William of Paderborn, his failure to reform, [340]
William of Sabina, legate to Spain, [310]
William of Strassburg excommunicates married priests, [424]
Willibrod, St., his labors, [126]
Wills, ecclesiastical, providing for children, [337]
Winchester, reform of monastery of, [168], [169]
Council of, in 1070, [272]
in 1076, [273]
in 1139, [371]
hereditary transmission in, [286]
Windsor, Synod of, in 1070, [272]
Wine of Eucharist in early church, [44]
abstinence from, not recommended, [48]
Wishart, George, his trial, [510]
Wisigothic laws on clerical celibacy, [121]
on church property, [123]
Wisigoths of Spain, state of church under, [120]
Witgar of Mendlesham, [282]
Witiza, his licentious laws, [121]
Witnesses, use of ordeal for, [140]
married priests not admitted as, [294]
four required to prove solicitation, [571]
Wittenberg, books of canon law burned at, [418]
Synod of, in 1522, [420]
Wives, demerit of, [46]
adulterous, to be put away, [39]
of Huguenot pastors, [498]
of Anglican clergy, their position, [496]
of bishops, their retention, [85], [88]
to be separated, [89]
under the Franks, [119]
in Gothic Spain, [121]
they rank as countesses, [259]
their position in Anglican church, [495]
consent of, requisite for episcopate, [249]
for diaconate, [250], [251]
for monastic vows, [324]
of monks to become nuns, [114], [205], [324]
of priests, their cohabitation permitted, [28], [48]
forbidden by Council of Elvira, [50]
permitted by Councils of Ancyra and Neocæsarea, [51]
and by Council of Nicæa, [53], [54]
and through the 4th century, [55], [58], [61], [79]
forbidden by Damasus, [64]
and by Siricius, [65]
forbidden in Gaul and Spain, [75]
and in Africa, [73]
permitted in the East, [86], [89]
custom in modern Russia, [91]
their position under the Franks, [120]
legislation in Gothic Spain, [121]
are to be treated as sisters, [124]
in Italy, in 8th century, [127]
they cause dilapidation of property, [147]
Anglo-Saxon denunciation of, [175]
are stigmatized as concubines, [196]
their fidelity, [202]
their sufferings, [235]
are declared slaves of church, [189]
are reduced to slavery, [242], [309]
their seizure threatened, [261]
treatment of, in England, [274], [277], [287]
they assist at altar in Germany, [318]
are liable to death under the Six Articles, [468]
legislation under Queen Mary, [485]
are assumed to be serving women, [485]
of subdeacons to be separated, [124]
Wolff, Christian, on Paphnutius, [57]
on Council of Trent, [640]
Wolfgang of Ratisbon exhorts to chastity, [152]
Wolf-hunts, priests obliged to join in, [303]
Wolsey, Cardinal, attacks monastic orders, [447]
his fall, [449]
Women, abstinence from, in pagan priesthood, [49]
not admitted in temple of Hercules, [50]
admitted to monasteries, [101]
their exclusion from monasteries, [403]
their ministration forbidden, [60]
their teaching forbidden, [60]
discredited as witnesses, [571]
rules for, in visiting bishops, [119]
residence of (see Residence).
Wood, T., on position of Anglican clergy, [497]
Worcester, reformation of monks in, [169]
Chapter of, disorders of, [491]
Works, merits of, in Catholicism, [115]
in Calvinism, [498]
justification by, in Scotland, [506]
in Knox’s confession, [512]
Worms, Diet of, in 1076, [234]
Wurtzburg, Council of, in 1446, [377]
in 1548, [528]
character of clergy, in 1521, [431]
clerical marriage in, [555]
Wu-Tsung, his persecution of Buddhism, [95]
Wyatt’s rebellion, suppression of, [478]
Ximenes reforms the Franciscans, [402]
Yoga system, asceticism of, [23]
York, its claim on Scottish church, [161]
Council of, in 1195, [288]
Wolsey’s reformation at, [447]
married priests ejected in, [480]
Ypres, Synod of, in 1629, [562]
abuse of confessional in 1768, [577]
Yves of Chartres (see Ivo).
Zabarella, Cardinal, advocates clerical marriage, [406]
Zabolcs, Synod of, in 1092, [248]
Zaccaria on origin of celibacy, [29]
on the Nicene canon, [55]
on Gregory of Nazianzum, [58]
on dissolution of priestly marriage, [317]
his defence of celibacy, [583]-4
Zachary, Pope, on Frankish church, [130]
on Saxon church, [164]
Zaga Zabo, his account of Coptic church, [93]
Zagow, Abbey of, foundation of, [181]
Zurich, priests of, defend their women, [340]
Zwilling, Gabriel, preaches against monasticism, [421]
Zwingli demands priestly marriage, [421]