INDEX
Accounts, bailiffs’ mediæval, [18]; modern farmers’ lack of, [113], [205]
Acreage of England (A. Young), [114]
Agriculture, early combined, [8]; before and after Great Plague, [71], [73]; mediæval, [40]–45; in 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, [109]–117; modern, [198]–201; depression of, [202], [209]
Agricultural improvements, [104], [113], [201]; gangs, [208]; labourer, [40], [71], [79], [119], [142], [150], [188], [205], [208]; reforms, [210]; wages, [79], [119]–121; wealth, [152], [209]; population, [150], [153], [206]; writers, [42], [110]; union, [208]
Allowance system of relief, [188]
American War, [170]
Anglo-Saxon trade, [3]
Antwerp, [59], [95]; decay of, [97]
Apprentices, in gilds, [29]; in factories, [179], [181]
Arable land in a manor, [6], [20]
Arch, Joseph: his work, [207], [208]
Aristocracy: feudal, [32]; land-owning, [143], [198]
Arkwright’s inventions, [159]
Artisans: mediæval, [29]; modern, [174], [190], [221]; wages of, [71], [79], [120], [150], [162], [174], [187], [195]; Huguenot, [134], [135]
Assessments of wages, [107], [119], [187]
Aston, manor of, [12]
Australian colonies, [216], [225], [229]
Aviation, [236]
Bailiffs’ Accounts, [18], [42]
Baltic trade, development of our, [99]
Bank of England, [144], [173], [223]
Barons’ wars, [31]
Beaconsfield, [227]
Beggars (Defoe’s remark), [149]
Berlin decree, [173]
Birmingham, [152]
Black Death. See Great Plague
Blincoe, Robert, on factories, [181]
Bodmin, staple for tin, [92]
Bordars, [12]
Boston, port, [64]
Boulton’s inventions, [165]
Bounties on corn, [200]
Bread, wheat, [68], [150]; price of, [150]
Britain in Roman times, [1], [2]
Burslem, [140]
Bye industries, [155]
Calais, our staple town, [59]
Cambridge, coal at, [138]
Canada, [125], [128], [216], [229]
Capital, [223]
Capital in agriculture (A. Young), [115]; to-day, [205]; loss of farmers’, [203]
Capitalist agriculture, [42]; cessation of, [73]; artisans, [147]; manufacturers, [147], [174], [176]
Capitalist manufacture, epoch of, [162]; present system of, [219]
Capitalists and workmen, [221], [222]; the coming of, [146], [162]; mistakes of (Mercantile Theory), [168]
Captains of industry, [218]
Cartwright’s inventions, [160]
Carucate of land, [16] (note)
Castles, growth of towns near, [23]
Cattle in mediæval times, [44]; improvements in breed of, [114]
Census, [237]
Chamberlain, [228]
Champaign land, [43]
Charlemagne, commercial treaty with, [5]
Charles I. and coal trade, [137]
Charter, the Great, [34]
Charters of towns, [25], [28]; of companies, [98]
Chartism, [191]
Cheese, consumption of, [151]
Chester a Roman town, [2], [24]
Chinese wars, [217]
Cistercian monks wool-growers, [42], [49]
Civil Service, [226]
Civil War in England, its effect, [134]
—— in America, [217]
Climate, our, useful for manufactures, [133]
Cloth trade, [54], [55], [135]. See Manufactures
Clover, introduction of, [113]
Coal trade, [136], [137]; influence on manufactures, [164] and map
Cobbett, [175]
Colonies, our, [122], [128], [167], [170], [215]
Combination Laws, [189], [190]; power of, [221]; of workmen, [191]; Combination of peasants in the Peasants’ Revolt, [76], [78]
Commerce, early, [4]; our first treaty of, [5]. See Trade
Commerce and war, [121]–129, [169], [216]
Commercial progress, [129]; depressions, [218], [225]
Common fields, [8], [20]; enclosure of, [116], [199]; pasture, [20]
Commutation of services for money payments, [16], [41], [74]
Companies, formation of trading, [98], [129], [212]
Company, East India, [98]; Levant, [129]; Hudson’s Bay, [131]
Competition, appearance of, [92]; checked by feudalism, [32]; foreign, [209], [220]; modern, [219]
Condition of the people. See Wages and Artisans and Agricultural labourers
Conquest, England after Norman, [37], [39]
Co-operation, growth of, [221]
Corn Laws, [200], [201], [215]; Repeal of, [186], [201], [227]
Cort’s inventions, [165]
Cottars, [12]
Cotton manufacture, [164]
Counties, Eastern, cloth trade in, [57], [135], [163]; Northern, desolation of in mediæval times, [38]; Northern, shifting of population to, [163], and map; Southern most populous, [11], [37], [152]
Crisis (United States), [225]
Cromwell’s commercial wars, [123]
Currency, debasement of, [86]
Dairy Farming, [210]; dairyman, [43]
Debasement of currency, by Henry VIII., [86]
Defoe, references to his Tour, [64], [145], [148]
Demand for labourers after Great Plague, [71]
Discoveries of Columbus and others, [89]
Dissolution of monasteries, [84]
Distress of working classes after 1815, [174], [192]
Distribution of wealth before Industrial Revolution, [153], [156]
Domesday Book, its historical value, [10]; condition of England as shown in, [11], and map; towns in, [24]; manors in (Cuxham and Aston), [16], [17]; population in, [12], [13]
Drawbacks of mediæval life, [79], [80]
Dreadnought, [227]
Dutch, agricultural improvements due to, [105], [110]; other improvements, [140]; wars with (Cromwell’s), [123], [130]; carrying trade once in hands of, [130]
Earthquakes, [224]
East, development of trade with, after Crusades, [33]; in James I.’s reign, [129]
East India Company, [98], [127], [145], [216]
Eastern counties, manufactures in, [57], [135], [163]
Economic folly, [170], [203], [211]
Economics, importance of, in history, [238]
Economist, [226]
Edward I. and Edward III., usefulness of wool to them, [49]; their alliances with Flanders, [49]
Edward III. and Statute of Labourers, [71]; and manufactures, [53]
Edward VI. and the Hansa in London, [95]
Eight Hours’ Movement, [186], [235]
Elizabethan England, [100]–109; sea-captains, [97], [122]
Emancipation of villeins, [74]
Employers, capitalist, [67], [146], [192], [221]; their assessments of wages, [107]
England before Norman Conquest, [1]–9; after it, [11], [37]; in Middle Ages, [68], [81]; in Elizabeth’s reign, [100]; modern, [211] sqq.; a commercial power, [121]
England and other nations’ wars [216]
Estone manor, [16]
Expenditure, public increase of, [226]
Export of corn, [200]
Exports in Roman times, [2]; in 12th century, [33]; of wool, [36], [48], [51], [92]; exports in 15th century, [92], [96]; later, [103], [130], [131], [132], [166], [174], [212]
Factories set up, [161]
Factory Acts, [181]–185
Factory children, [179], [182]
Factory system, germs of, [66]; growth of, [176]–181, [186]
Famine of 1315, [70]
Farmers, losses of, [209]
Fens, the, [38]; drainage of, [111]
Feudal system, [8]; effects of, [31]
“Firma Burgi,” the, [25]
Flanders, its manufactures, [48], [52]; our trade with, [95], [132], [169]
Flemish weavers in England, [36], [37], [53], [103]
Foreign competition, [134], [209], [216], [220]
France and England, [123], [126], [157], [167], [172], [213]
Frauds, Statute of, [115]
Free Trade, [212], [213], [227]
Friars, the coming of the, [75]
Game, [111]
Gangs, agricultural, [208]
Germany, [134], [167], [217], [227], [228]
Gilds, [27]–30; in cloth trade, [54]
Gild lands, confiscation of, [86]
Gladstone’s budget of 1853, [215], (quoted), [227]
Glasgow, [3]
Gold, discoveries of, [216]
Greshams, the, [96]
Guicciardini on trade, [96], [103]
Hansa, the, factory in London, [94], [95]
Hargreaves, [159]
Harrison’s Elizabethan England, [104], [108]
Henry of Huntingdon (quoted), [33]
Henry II., [31]; Henry V., [49]; Henry VIII., [83]–91
History, economic questions in, [238]
Holland, [122], [123], [168], [230]. See Dutch
Home trade, value of, [219]
Houses, mediæval, [19]
Housing and town-planning, [230]
Huguenots in England, [134]
Hull, [64]
Huskisson and Free Trade, [213]
Imports, [34], [63], [93], [212]. See Trade
Income-tax, [223]
Industrial Revolution. See Revolution
Industrial transition in 14th century, [55]
Industrial villages (mediæval), [65]
Industries, manual, [142]
Industry, growth of, [212]
Infant mortality, [230]
Inhabitants of a manor, [12], [13]
Inventions, [138], [140], [159], [160], [165], [236]
Iron trade, [138], [139], [164]
Jews in England, [35]
Jewries, [35]
John, King, [39]
Joint-Stock Companies, [237]
Ket’s Rising, [47]
King, Gregory, referred to, [112], [114], [116]
“Knight’s Fee,” a, [18]
Labour, power of, [221]
Labour. See Agricultural labourer, Manufacturing population, and Artisans; also Wages and Capitalist
Labour Exchanges, [232]
Labour Party, [233]
Labourer, the “Golden Age” of, [79]
Lace, [103]
Land, different kinds of, in a manor, [21]
Landlords, [73], [77]; rapacity of, [109], [204]; their gains, [198]; services of, [198], [204]
Latimer on rent, [118]
Lloyd-George, [232]
London, [2], [24], [39]; the Western emporium, [97]
Manchester, [152]
Manufacturers and politics, [56], [145]; large and small, [147]
Manufacture, domestic system of, [155]
Manufactures, [36], [51], [100], [135]
Manufacturing towns, mediæval, [57]; decay of, [65]; monopolies of, [101]; population, [149], [152], [178], [231]
Marconi, [236]
Mark, the, [5], [6]; mark-moot, [6]
Markets, [3], [38], [60]; “a sole market,” [168]; new, [219]
Master clothiers, [66]
Meadow land valuable, [21]
Members, payment of, [234]
Mercantile Theory, the, [168]
Middle Ages, close of, [81]
Mining, [141], [164]; women in mines, [194]
Misery of working classes, [194]
Monasteries, dissolution of, [84], [85]
Money, [3]
More, Sir Thomas, evidence of, [88], [90]
Motor transport, [236]
Napoleon I., [173]
National Debt, [145], [173], [225]
Navigation Acts, [130], [169], [213]
Newcastle (coals), [130], [137]
New World, discoveries in, [89]
Norfolk, [46], [51], [112]; agriculture in, [199]
Northern counties, desolation of, [38]; growth of, [162]
Oastler, Richard, [183]
Old Age Pensions, [226], [228], [232]
“Osborne Judgment,” [234]
Over-production, [220]
Pauperism, [100], [192], [193], [232]
Peasants’ Revolt, [78]
Petition, the Merchants’, in 1820, [213]
Pigs, [45]
Pitt, [171]
Plague, the Great, [70]; its effects, [71], [73]
Ploughing, [44]
Politics and industry, [49], [55], [144], [175], [222]
Poor Law Commission Report, [233]
Poor Laws, the, [107], [188]. See Allowance and Assessments
Poor priests, the, [76]
Population of England, [37], [41], [108], [151], [162]
Ports, mediæval, [64]
Post Office, [226]
Pottery trade, [140]
Prices after the Plague, [72]; mediæval, [80]; later, [90], [112], [174], [202]; inflation of, [90], [225]
Productiveness of land, [41]
Protectionism, [169], [216], [227], [237]
Protestant refugees to England, [97], [103], [110], [134]
Reforms, needed agricultural, [210]
Rent, rise of, [88], [112], [118], [119], [204], [224]
Restrictions on labour, [189]
Revolution, the Industrial, [144] sqq., [157], [161], [164], [190]; the French, [157], [171], [190]; the Agricultural, [158], [206]
Rights of villeins, [13], [43]
Rush for new markets, the, [219]
Salt, [142]
Seamen, the Elizabethan, [91], [97]
Serfs, [13]
Services due to a lord, [14], [15]
Settlement, law of, [189]
Shaftesbury, Lord, [183]
Sheep, [45]
Sheep farming, [46]
Silver, discoveries of, [90]
Sixteenth century, changes of, [88], [90]
Slave, [13]; in modern England, [179]
Small Holdings, [232]
Social movements, [68], [75], [142], [146], [190]
Social comforts, [105]
Soke-men, [15]
South Sea and other Companies, [125]
Spain and England, [121], [126], [167]
Speenhamland Act, [188]
Staple towns, [59]
Steam and machinery, [160]
Steelyard, the, [94]
“Stock and Land Lease,” the, [42], [85]
Stourbridge fair, [63]
Strikes, [235]
Taff Vale Case, [234]
Telegraphs, [214]
Telegraphy, wireless, [236]
Telephone, [236]
Ten Hours’ Bill, [185]
Tenants of a manor, [11]; free tenants, [15]
Town, life in a mediæval, [30]
Towns: in Domesday, [11]; origin of, [21]; growth in England, [23]; charters of, [25]; mediæval, [58]; staple, [56]
Township, [7]
Toynbee, Arnold, [186]
Trade, Anglo-Saxon, [3], [4], [5]; later, [33]; expansion of, [91]–99, [103], [125], [129], [131], [173], [212], [224]
Trade Unions, [191], [207], [221], [231], [233]
Trading clauses in the Great Charter, [34]
Transit, means of, [214], [224]
Truck Act, [194]
Trusts, [237]
Tyler’s Revolt, [78]
Unemployment, [230]
Venetian Fleet, the, [63], [93]
Village, a mediæval, [19]; industrial, [65]
Villeinage, land in, [20]
Villeins, [13], [41], [68]; emancipation of, [74], [79]
Virgate, [12]
Wage-earning class, rise of, [40], [69]
Wages, [71], [79], [106], [119], [120], [150], [174], [195], [206], [220], [224], [230]
Walter de Henley on farming, [42], [44]
War, South African, [225], [230]
War, the Thirty Years’, [134]; the Continental, [171], [195]
—— cost of, [173]
Wars and industry, [81], [122]–129, [134], [166], [167]–175, [216], [224]
Watt’s inventions, [138], [160], [165]
Wedgwood, [141]
Wheat, prices of, [174], [195], [200], [203]; and see Wages
Wiklif, [75]
Winchester fair, [62]
Women and girls in mines, [194]
Women’s wages, [196]
Wool, [47], [50], [104], [136]
Workers’ Educational Association, [231]
Working classes. See Artisans, Agricultural labourer, and Manufacturing population; also [187]–197
Workmen’s Compensation, [233]
Worsted industry, the, [53]
Writers on commerce, [130]
Yeomen, rise of the, [73]; decay of, [115]–116
Young, Arthur, referred to, [114], [117], [150], [153], [199], [206], [221]
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Original spelling and grammar have been generally retained, with some exceptions noted below. Original printed page numbers are shown like this: {52}. Footnotes have been relabeled 1–68, and moved from within paragraphs to nearby locations between paragraphs. The transcriber produced the cover image and hereby assigns it to the public domain. Ditto marks have been removed, replaced by the referenced text. Original page images are available from archive.org—search for “industrialhistor00gibb”.
- Page [135.] “Norfork” to “Norfolk”.
- Page [170.] “with South America,” to “with South America.”
- Page [245.] There is an unmatched double quotation mark in this sentence: ‘“Forasmuch as a man cannot put the price of corn and other victuals in certain,” the justices of the peace shall every year make proclamation “by their discretion,” according to the dearth of victuals, how much every mason, carpenter, tiler, and other craftsmen, workmen, and other labourers by the day shall take by the day, with meat and drink or without meat and drink, and that every man shall obey such proclamations from time to time, as a thing done by statute.”’. This edition omits the one following ‘certain,’, but that’s just a guess.
- Page [246.] “Parlamentary” to “Parliamentary”.