BOOK II.

CHAPTER XIII.
1562-1563.
Page
The First Civil War[3]
Unsatisfactory Character of the Edict of January[3]
Huguenot Leaders urge its Observance[3]
Seditious Sermons[5]
Opposition of Parliaments[6]
New Conference at St. Germain[7]
Defection of Antoine of Navarre, and its Effects[9]
He is cheated with Vain Hopes[10]
Jeanne d'Albret constant[10]
Immense Crowds at Huguenot Preaching[11]
The Canons of Sainte-Croix[12]
The Guises meet Christopher of Würtemberg at Saverne[13]
Their Lying Assurances[15]
The Guises deceive Nobody[17]
Throkmorton's Account of the French Court[17]
The Massacre of Vassy[19]
The Huguenots call for the Punishment of the Murderers[23]
The Pretence of Want of Premeditation[24]
Louis of Condé appeals to the King[26]
Beza's Remonstrance[27]
An Anvil that had worn out many Hammers[28]
Guise enters Paris[28]
The Queen Mother takes Charles to Melun[30]
Her Letters imploring Condé's Aid[31]
Revolutionary Measures of the Triumvirs[32]
Condé retires to Meaux[33]
La Noue justifies his Prudence[33]
The Huguenot Summons[34]
Admiral Coligny's Reluctance to take up Arms[34]
Guise and Navarre seize the King and bring him to Paris[36]
Montmorency's Exploit at the "Temples"[37]
He earns the Title of "Le Capitaine Brûlebanc"[37]
Condé throws himself into Orleans[38]
His "Justification"[39]
Stringent Articles of Association[40]
The Huguenot Nobles and Cities[41]
Can Iconoclasm be repressed?[42]
An Uncontrollable Impulse[43]
It bursts out at Caen[44]
The "Idol" of the Church of Sainte-Croix[45]
Massacre of Huguenots at Sens[46]
Disorders and War in Provence and Dauphiny[47]
William of Orange and his Principality[48]
Massacre by Papal Troops from Avignon[49]
Merciless Revenge of the Baron des Adrets[50]
His Grim Pleasantry at Mornas[51]
Atrocities of Blaise de Montluc[51]
The Massacre at Toulouse[52]
The Centenary celebrated[53]
Foreign Alliances sought[54]
Queen Elizabeth's Aid invoked[55]
Cecil's Urgency and Schemes[56]
Divided Sympathies of the English[56]
Diplomatic Manœuvres[57]
Condé's Reply to the Pretended "Petition"[59]
Third National Synod of the Protestants[61]
Interview of Catharine and Condé at Toury[62]
The "Loan" of Beaugency[63]
Futile Negotiations[64]
Spasmodic Efforts in Warfare[65]
Huguenot Discipline[66]
Severities of the Parisian Parliament[68]
Military Successes of the "Triumvirs" at Poitiers and Bourges[71]
Help from Queen Elizabeth[73]
Siege of Rouen[76]
Ferocity of the Norman Parliament[80]
Death of Antoine, King of Navarre[81]
The English in Havre[84]
Condé takes the Field and appears before Paris[85]
Dilatory Diplomacy[90]
The Battle of Dreux[93]
Montmorency and Condé Prisoners[94]
Riotous Conduct of the Parisians[96]
Orleans Invested[98]
Coligny again in Normandy[99]
Huguenot Reverses[101]
Assassination of Duke François de Guise[103]
Execution of Poltrot[105]
Beza and Coligny accused[106]
They vindicate Themselves[106]
Estimates of Guise's Character[109]
Renée de France at Montargis[110]
Deliberations for Peace[113]
The "Noblesse" in favor of the Terms—the Ministers against them[114]
The Edict of Pacification[115]
Remonstrance of the English Ambassador[116]
Coligny's Disappointment[116]
Results of the First Civil War[118]
It prevents France from becoming Huguenot[119]

Huguenot Ballads and Songs[120]
CHAPTER XIV.
1563-1567.
The Peace of Amboise and the Bayonne Conference[126]
Charles demands Havre of the English[126]
The Siege[127]
How the Peace was received[128]
Vexatious Delays in Normandy[129]
The Norman Parliament protests and threatens[130]
A Rude Rebuff[131]
Commissioners to enforce the Edict[132]
A Profligate Court alienated from Protestantism[132]
Profanity a Test of Catholicity[134]
Admiral Coligny accused of Guise's Murder[135]
His Defence espoused by the Montmorencies[135]
Petition of the Guises[136]
The King adjourns the Decision[137]
Embarrassment of Catharine[137]
Charles's Majority proclaimed[138]
The King and the Refractory Parisian Parliament[139]
The Pope's Bull against Princely Heretics[141]
Proceedings against Cardinal Châtillon[141]
The Queen of Navarre cited to Rome[141]
Spirited Reply of the French Council[142]
Catharine seeks to seduce the Huguenot Leaders[144]
Weakness of Condé[145]
Recent Growth of Protestantism[146]
Milhau-en-Rouergue[147]
Montpellier—Béarn[148]
Jeanne d'Albret's Reformation[148]
Attempt to kidnap her[150]
Close of the Council of Trent[152]
Cardinal Lorraine's Attempt to secure the Acceptance of its Decrees[154]
His Altercation with L'Hospital[155]
General Plan for suppressing Heresy[156]
"Progress" of Charles and his Court[157]
Calumnies against the Huguenots[159]
Their Numbers[159]
Catharine's New Zeal—Citadels in Protestant Towns[160]
Interpretative Declarations infringing upon the Edict[160]
Assaults upon Unoffending Huguenots—No Redress[162]
Condé appeals to the King[163]
Conciliatory Answers to Huguenot Inhabitants of Bordeaux and Nantes[164]
Protestants excluded from Judicial Posts[165]
Marshal Montmorency checks the Parisian Mob[166]
His Encounter with Cardinal Lorraine[166]
The Conference at Bayonne[167]
What were its Secret Objects?[168]
No Plan of Massacre adopted[169]
History of the Interview[170]
Catharine and Alva[172]
Catharine rejects all Plans of Violence[175]
Cardinal Granvelle's Testimony[176]
Festivities and Pageantry[176]
Henry of Béarn an Actor[177]
Roman Catholic Confraternities[179]
Hints of the Future Plot of the "League"[180]
The Siege of Malta and French Civilities to the Sultan[181]
Constable Montmorency defends Cardinal Châtillon[182]
The Court at Moulins[183]
Feigned Reconciliation of the Guises and Coligny[184]
L'Hospital's Measure for the Relief of the Protestants[185]
Another Altercation between Cardinal Lorraine and the Chancellor[186]
Progress of the Reformation at Cateau-Cambrésis[187]
Insults and Violence[192]
Huguenot Pleasantries[192]
Alarm of the Protestants[193]
Attempts to murder Coligny and Porcien[194]
Alva sent to the Netherlands[195]
The Swiss Levy[196]
Condé and Coligny remonstrate[197]
Discredited Assurances of Catharine[198]
"The very Name of the Edict employed to destroy the Edict itself"[199]

The Huguenot Attempts at Colonization in Florida[199]
The First and Second Expeditions (1562, 1564)[199]
Third Expedition (1565)[200]
Massacre by Menendez[200]
Indignation of the French Court[201]
Sincere Remonstrances[201]
Sanguinary Revenge of De Gourgues[202]
CHAPTER XV.
1567-1568.
The Second Civil War and the Short Peace[203]
Coligny's Pacific Counsels[203]
Rumors of Plots to destroy the Huguenots[203]
D'Andelot's Warlike Counsels prevail[204]
Cardinal Lorraine to be seized and King Charles liberated[205]
The Secret slowly leaks out[206]
Flight of the Court to Paris[207]
Cardinal Lorraine invites Alva to France[208]
Condé at Saint Denis[209]
The Huguenot Movement alienates the King[210]
Negotiations opened[210]
The Huguenots abate their Demands[211]
Montmorency the Mouthpiece of Intolerance[211]
Insincerity of Alva's Offer of Aid[212]
The Battle of St. Denis (Nov. 10, 1567)[213]
Constable Montmorency mortally wounded[215]
His Character[216]
The Protestant Princes of Germany determine to send Aid[217]
The Huguenots go to meet it[219]
Treacherous Diplomacy[220]
Catharine implores Alva's Assistance[221]
Condé and John Casimir meet in Lorraine[222]
Generosity of the Huguenot Troops[223]
The March toward Orleans[223]
The "Michelade" at Nismes[224]
Huguenot Successes in the South and West[226]
La Rochelle secured for Condé[226]
Spain and Rome oppose the Negotiations for Peace[228]
Santa Croce demands Cardinal Châtillon's Surrender[229]
A Rebuff from Marshal Montmorency[229]
March of the "Viscounts" to meet Condé[230]
Siege of Chartres[231]
Chancellor L'Hospital's Memorial[232]
Edict of Pacification (Longjumeau, March 23, 1568)[234]
Condé for and Coligny against the Peace[235]
Condé's Infatuation[235]
Was the Court sincere?[236]
Catharine short-sighted[238]
Imprudence of the Huguenots[238]
Judicial Murder of Rapin at Toulouse[239]
Seditious Preachers and Mobs[240]
Treatment of the Returning Huguenots[241]
Expedition and Fate of De Cocqueville[242]
Garrisons and Interpretative Ordinances[244]
Oppression of Royal Governors[245]
"The Christian and Royal League"[246]
Insubordination to Royal Authority[247]
Admirable Organization of the Huguenots[247]
Murder runs Riot throughout France[248]
La Rochelle, etc., refuse Royal Garrisons[250]
Coligny retires for Safety to Tanlay, Condé to Noyers[251]
D'Andelot's Remonstrance[252]
Catharine sides with L'Hospital's Enemies[254]
Remonstrance of the three Marshals[255]
Catharine's Intrigues[255]
The Court seeks to ruin Condé and Coligny[256]
Téligny sent to remonstrate[256]
The Oath exacted of the Huguenots[257]
The Plot Disclosed[259]
Intercepted Letter from Spain[259]
Isabella of Spain her Husband's Mouthpiece[261]
Charles begs his Mother to avoid War[262]
Her Animosity against L'Hospital[263]
Another Quarrel between Lorraine and the Chancellor[263]
Fall of Chancellor L'Hospital[264]
The Plot[265]
Marshal Tavannes its Author[266]
Condé's Last Appeal to the King[267]
Flight of the Prince and Admiral[268]
Its Wonderful Success[269]
The Third Civil War opens[270]

The City of La Rochelle and its Privileges[270]
CHAPTER XVI.
1568-1570.
The Third Civil War[274]
Relative Advantages of Huguenots and Roman Catholics[274]
Enthusiasm of Huguenot Youth[274]
Enlistment of Agrippa d'Aubigné[275]
The Court proscribes the Reformed Religion[275]
Impolicy of this Course[277]
A "Crusade" published at Toulouse[278]
Fanaticism of the Roman Catholic Preachers[279]
Huguenot Places of Refuge[280]
Jeanne d'Albret and D'Andelot reach La Rochelle[281]
Successes in Poitou, Angoumois, etc.[282]
Powerful Huguenot Army in the South[284]
Effects a Junction with Condé's Forces[284]
Huguenot Reprisals and Negotiations[287]
William of Orange tries to aid the Huguenots[288]
His Declaration in their behalf[290]
Aid sought from England[291]
Generously accorded by Clergy and Laity[292]
Misgivings of Queen Elizabeth[294]
Her Double Dealing and Effrontery[295]
Fruitless Sieges and Plots[297]
Growing Superiority of Anjou's Forces[298]
The Armies meet on the Charente[299]
Battle of Jarnac (March 13, 1569)[301]
Murder of Louis, Prince of Condé[302]
The Prince of Navarre remonstrates against the Perfidy shown[305]
Exaggerated Bulletins[307]
The Pope's Sanguinary Injunctions[308]
Sanguinary Action of the Parliament of Bordeaux[310]
Queen Elizabeth colder[310]
The Queen of Navarre's Spirit[311]
The Huguenots recover Strength[312]
Death of D'Andelot[312]
New Responsibility resting on Coligny[314]
The Duke of Deux Ponts comes with German Auxiliaries[315]
They overcome all Obstacles and join Coligny[317]
Death of Deux Ponts[318]
Huguenot Success at La Roche Abeille[319]
Furlough of Anjou's Troops[320]
Huguenot Petition to the King[320]
Coligny's Plans overruled[324]
Disastrous Siege of Poitiers[324]
Cruelties to Huguenots in the Prisons of Orleans[326]
Montargis a Safe Refuge[327]
Flight of the Refugees to Sancerre[328]
The "Croix de Gastines"[329]
Ferocity of Parliament against Coligny and Others[330]
A Price set on Coligny's Head[330]
The Huguenots weaker[332]
Battle of Moncontour (Oct. 3, 1569)[333]
Coligny wounded[334]
Heavy Losses of the Huguenots[335]
The Roman Catholics exultant[336]
Mouy murdered by Maurevel[337]
The Assassin rewarded with the Collar of the Order[338]
Fatal Error committed by the Court[338]
Siege of St. Jean d'Angely[340]
Huguenot Successes at Vézelay and Nismes[344]
Coligny encouraged[347]
Withdrawal of the Troops of Dauphiny and Provence[348]
The Admiral's Bold Plan[348]
He Sweeps through Guyenne[349]
"Vengeance de Rapin"[351]
Coligny pushes on to the Rhône[351]
His Singular Success and its Causes[351]
He turns toward Paris[353]
His Illness interrupts Negotiations[353]
Engagement of Arnay-le-Duc[354]
Coligny approaches Paris[356]
Progress of Negotiations[356]
The English Rebellion affects the Terms offered[358]
Better Conditions proposed[360]
Charles and his Mother for Peace[360]
The War fruitless for its Authors[361]
Anxiety of Cardinal Châtillon[363]
The Royal Edict of St. Germain (Aug. 8, 1570)[363]
Dissatisfaction of the Clergy[365]
"The Limping and Unsettled Peace"[366]
CHAPTER XVII.
1570-1572.
The Peace of St. Germain[367]
Sincerity of the Peace[367]
The Designs of Catharine de' Medici[369]
Charles the Ninth in Earnest[370]
Tears out the Parliament Record against Cardinal Châtillon[371]
His Assurances to Walsingham[371]
Gracious Answer to German Electors[372]
Infringement on Edict at Orange[373]
Protestants of Rouen attacked[374]
The "Croix de Gastines" pulled down[375]
Projected Marriage of Anjou to Queen Elizabeth of England[377]
Machinations to dissuade Anjou[379]
Charles indignant at Interference[379]
Alençon to be substituted as Suitor[380]
Anjou's new Ardor[380]
Elizabeth interposes Obstacles[381]
Papal and Spanish Efforts[382]
Vexation of Catharine at Anjou's fresh Scruples[383]
Louis of Nassau confers with the King[384]
Admiral Coligny consulted[386]
Invited to Court[387]
His Honorable Reception[389]
Disgust of the Guises and Alva[390]
Charles gratified[391]
Proposed Marriage of Henry of Navarre to the King's Sister[392]
The Anjou Match falls through[396]
The Praise of Alençon[398]
Pius the Fifth Alarmed[400]
Cardinal of Alessandria sent to Paris[400]
The King's Assurances[400]
Jeanne d'Albret becomes more favorable to her Son's Marriage[403]
Her Solicitude[403]
She is treated with Tantalizing Insincerity[404]
She is shocked at the Morals of the Court[405]
Her Sudden Death[407]
Coligny and the Boy-King[408]
The Dispensation delayed[410]
The King's Earnestness[411]
Mons and Valenciennes captured[412]
Catharine's Indecision[413]
Queen Elizabeth inspires no Confidence[414]
Rout of Genlis[415]
Determines Catharine to take the Spanish Side[416]
Loss of the Golden Opportunity[416]
The Admiral does not lose Courage[417]
Charles and Catharine at Montpipeau[418]
Rumors of Elizabeth's Desertion of her Allies[419]
Charles thoroughly cast down[420]
Coligny partially succeeds in reassuring him[421]
Elizabeth toys with Dishonorable Proposals from the Netherlands[422]
Fatal Results[423]
The Mémoires inédits de Michel de la Huguerye[423]
His View of a long Premeditation[423]
Studied Misrepresentation of Jeanne d'Albret[424]
CHAPTER XVIII.
1572.
The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day[426]
The Huguenot Nobles reach Paris[426]
The Betrothal of Henry of Navarre to Margaret of Valois[427]
Entertainment in the Louvre[429]
Coligny's Letter to his Wife[430]
Festivities and Mock Combats[431]
Huguenot Grievances to be redressed[432]
Catharine and Anjou jealous of Coligny's Influence over the King[433]
The Duchess of Nemours and Guise[434]
Was the Massacre long premeditated?[435]
Salviati's Testimony[435]
Charles' Cordiality to Coligny[436]
Coligny wounded[437]
Agitation of the King[439]
Coligny courageous[440]
Visited by the King and his Mother[441]
Catharine attempts to break up the Conference[443]
Charles writes Letters expressing his Displeasure[444]
The Vidame de Chartres advises the Huguenots to leave Paris[445]
Catharine and Anjou come to a Final Decision[446]
They ply Charles with Arguments[447]
The King consents reluctantly[449]
Few Victims first selected[450]
Religious Hatred[452]
Precautionary Measures[452]
Orders issued to the Prévôt des Marchands[454]
The First Shot and the Bell of St. Germain l'Auxerrois[455]
Murder of Admiral Coligny[456]
His Character and Work[460]
Murder of Huguenot Nobles in the Louvre[465]
Navarre and Condé spared[468]
The Massacre becomes general[470]
La Rochefoucauld and Téligny fall[470]
Self-defence of a few Nobles[471]
Victims of Personal Hatred[472]
Adventures of young La Force[472]
Pitiless Butchery[474]
Shamelessness of the Court Ladies[476]
Anjou, Montpensier, and others encourage the Assassins[476]
Wonderful Escapes[477]
Death of the Philosopher Ramus[478]
President Pierre de la Place[479]
Regnier and Vezins[480]
Escape of Chartres and Montgomery[481]
Charles himself fires on them[482]
The Massacre continues[484]
Pillage of the Rich[485]
Orders issued to lay down Arms[487]
Little heeded[487]
Miracle of the "Cimetière des Innocents"[488]
The King's First Letter to Mandelot[490]
Guise throws the Responsibility on the King[491]
Charles accepts it on Tuesday morning[492]
The "Lit de Justice"[492]
Servile Reply of Parliament[493]
Christopher De Thou[493]
Ineffectual Effort to inculpate Coligny[495]
His Memory declared Infamous[496]
Petty Indignities[496]
A Jubilee Procession[498]
Charles declares he will maintain his Edict of Pacification[498]
Forced Conversion of Navarre and Condé[499]
CHAPTER XIX.
1572.
The Massacre in the Provinces, and the Reception of the Tidings Abroad[501]
The Massacre in the Provinces[501]
The Verbal Orders[502]
Instructions to Montsoreau at Saumur[503]
Two Kinds of Letters[504]
Massacre at Meaux[505]
At Troyes[507]
The Great Bloodshed at Orleans[508]
At Bourges[511]
At Angers[512]
Butchery at Lyons[513]
Responsibility of Mandelot[517]
Rouen[519]
Toulouse[521]
Bordeaux[522]
Why the Massacre was not Universal[524]
Policy of the Guises[525]
Spurious Accounts of Clemency[525]
Bishop Le Hennuyer, of Lisieux[525]
Kind Offices of Matignon at Caen and Alençon[526]
Of Longueville and Gordes[526]
Of Tende in Provence[527]
Viscount D'Orthez at Bayonne[528]
The Municipality of Nantes[529]
Uncertain Number of Victims[530]
News of the Massacre received at Rome[530]
Public Thanksgivings[532]
Vasari's Paintings in the Vatican[533]
French Boasts count for Nothing[535]
Catharine writes to Philip, her son-in-law[536]
The Delight of Philip of Spain[537]
Charles instigates the Murder of French Prisoners[539]
Alva jubilant, but wary[540]
England's Horror[541]
Perplexity of La Mothe Fénélon[541]
His Cold Reception by Queen Elizabeth[543]
The Ambassador disheartened[546]
Sir Thomas Smith's Letter[546]
Catharine's Unsuccessful Representations[547]
Briquemault and Cavaignes hung for alleged Conspiracy[548]
The News in Scotland[550]
In Germany[550]
In Poland[552]
Sympathy of the Genevese[554]
Their Generosity and Danger[557]
The Impression at Baden[558]
Medals and Vindications[559]
Disastrous Personal Effect on King Charles[560]
How far was the Roman Church Responsible?[562]
Gregory probably not aware of the intended Massacre[564]
Paul the Fifth instigates the French Court[564]
He counsels exterminating the Huguenots[565]

A New Account of the Massacre at Orleans[569]
CHAPTER XX.
1572-1574.
The Sequel of the Massacre, to the Death of Charles the Ninth[572]
Widespread Terror[572]
La Rochelle and other Cities in Huguenot Hands[573]
Nismes and Montauban[573]
La Rochelle the Centre of Interest[576]
A Spurious Letter of Catharine[577]
Designs on the City[577]
Mission of La Noue[579]
He is badly received[580]
The Royal Proposals rejected[581]
Marshal Biron appears before La Rochelle[582]
Beginning of the Fourth Religious War[582]
Description of La Rochelle[582]
Resoluteness of the Defenders[583]
Their Military Strength[584]
Henry, Duke of Anjou, appointed to conduct the Siege[585]
The Besieged pray and fight[585]
Bravery of the Women[586]
La Noue retires—Failure of Diplomacy[587]
English Aid miscarries[588]
Huguenot Successes in the South[589]
Sommières and Villeneuve[589]
Beginning of the Siege of Sancerre[589]
The Incipient Famine[590]
Losses of the Army before La Rochelle[591]
Roman Catholic Processions[592]
Election of Henry of Anjou to the Crown of Poland[593]
Edict of Pacification (Boulogne, July, 1573)[593]
Meagre Results of the War[594]
The Siege and Famine of Sancerre continue[595]
The City capitulates[597]
Reception of the Polish Ambassadors[598]
Discontent of the South with the Terms of Peace[599]
Assembly of Milhau and Montauban[600]
Military Organization of the Huguenots[600]
Petition to the King[601]
"Les Fronts d'Airain"[603]
Catharine's Bitter Reply[604]
The Huguenots firm[604]
Decline of Charles's Health[605]
Project of an English Match renewed[606]
Intrigues with the German Princes[608]
Death of Louis of Nassau[610]
Anjou's Reception at Heidelberg[610]
Frankness of the Elector Palatine[611]
Last Days of Chancellor L'Hospital[613]
The Party of the "Politiques"[615]
Hotman's "Franco-Gallia"[615]
Treacherous Attempt on La Rochelle[616]
Huguenots reassemble at Milhau[617]
They complete their Organization[618]
The Duke of Alençon[619]
Glandage Plunders the City of Orange[620]
Montbrun's Exploits in Dauphiny[621]
La Rochelle resumes Arms (Beginning of the Fifth Religious War)[622]
Diplomacy tried in Vain[623]
The "Politiques" make an Unsuccessful Rising[625]
Flight of the Court from St. Germain[626]
Alençon and Navarre examined[627]
Execution of La Mole and Coconnas[628]
Condé retires to Germany[629]
Reasons for the Success of the Huguenots[630]
Montgomery lands in Normandy[631]
He is forced to Surrender[632]
Delight of Catharine[632]
Execution of Montgomery[633]
Last Days of Charles the Ninth[635]
Distress of his Young Queen[636]
Death and Funeral Rites of Charles[638]
Had Persecution, War and Treachery Succeeded?[639]