GRENET BATTERY
It was discovered that chromic anhydride gives up oxygen easier than nitric acid and consequently if used would give a higher voltage than Grove’s nitric acid battery. It also has the advantage of a lesser tendency to attack zinc directly if it happens to come in contact with it. Grenet developed a cell having a liquid consisting of a mixture of potassium bichromate (K2Cr2O7) and sulphuric acid. A porous cell was therefore not used to keep the two liquids apart. This had the advantage of reducing the internal resistance. The chemical reaction was:
K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7} (potassium bichromate) + 7H_{2}SO_{4} (sulphuric acid) + 3Zn (zinc) = 3ZnSO4 (zinc sulphate) + K2SO4 (potassium sulphate) + Cr2 (SO4)3 (chromium sulphate) + 7H2O (water).
In order to prevent the useless consumption of zinc on open circuit, the zinc was attached to a sliding rod and could be drawn up into the neck of the bottle-shaped jar containing the liquid.
Grove’s Incandescent Lamp, 1840.
Grove made an experimental lamp, using platinum for the burner which was protected from draughts of air by a glass tumbler.