NOTES.
The references marked 'Gr.' are to the pages and paragraphs of the grammar; paragraph-references in ( ) are to the numbered paragraphs in the grammar.
I. SENTENCES.
Line 2. sē. Gr. [21]. 1.
þis sind. Gr. [45]. 2.
l. 6. sęlþ. Gr. [45]. 5.
l. 7. sēo ælmesse. Gr. [44]. 3.
l. 12. ġeworhte. Gr. [46]. (3).
l. 16. hiera. Gr. [41]. 3.
nǣfre ... ne ... nānes. Gr. [52]. 2. ne wæs is usually contracted into næs; the full form is used here because the wæs is emphatic.
l. 17. hēt ofslēan. Gr. [50]. 4.
l. 23. Æþelred cyning. Gr. [42]. 6.
l. 24. Æsces-dūn, sf. Ashdown, literally 'hill (or down) of the ashtree.'
l. 27. wile here denotes repetition, = 'is in the habit of.' Cp. l. 52.
l. 28. þonne is correlative with gif (l. 26), Gr. [52]. 3.
l. 37. ælmihtiga. Gr. [43]. (4).
l. 43. ēower se heofonlica Fæder. This insertion of the definite article between a possessive pronoun and an adjective is frequent.
l. 50. bēo. Gr. [48]. (6).
l. 52. tō, for.
l. 56. twęntiġ wintra. Gr. [18].
l. 58. Dēofol. Gr. [44]. 1.
l. 60. scortan. Gr. [43]. (2).
l. 61. fisca. Gr. [41]. 3.
l. 63. pǣm, those.
hider on land, lit. hither on to land, = to this land.
l. 74. blētsian. The older form of this word is bledsian. It is a derivative of blōd, like rīċsian from rīċe, with mutation of the root vowel. Its original meaning was to 'sprinkle with blood,' and hence, in heathen times, to 'consecrate,' especially to consecrate an altar by sprinkling it with the blood of the victim.
l. 80. godspell. The original form of this word was probably gōdspell = 'good tidings,' a literal translation of the Greek euaggélion.
Afterwards the first vowel was shortened before the following consonant-group, or else god was directly substituted for gōd, as giving a more evident meaning, the result being that the word was taken in the sense of 'God's tidings.' In this form it was adopted into Icelandic (guðspiall) and Old High German (gotespel), having been introduced by the Old English missionaries.
biþ. Gr. [45]. 5.
l. 82. hīe. Gr. [19].
l. 89. him on ǣlce healfe, lit. 'to (for) themselves on each side,' = on every side (of themselves).
l. 92. rihtne. Gr. [42]. 5.
l. 93. Æþelwulf-ing. Gr. [38].
l. 101. fare ġē. Gr. [22]. 7.
l. 106. forsāwon. A plural verb after a singular noun of multitude is common in O. E., as in other languages.
l. 107. ġif se blinda blindne lǣtt. ġif here takes the indic., instead of the subj. (Gr. [48]. 6), because the case is not assumed to be unreal. So also in V. 13, where the opposition (wiþstęnt) is assumed as certain, and VI. 19.
l. 114. cwǣde. Gr. [48]. (5).
l. 118. mæġe. Compare Gr. [47]. (B. 1).
l. 119. sīe. Gr. [47]. (A).
l. 120. Scotland is here used in its older sense of 'Ireland.' Compare the first extract from the Chronicle, p. [79] below.
l. 121. his. Gr. [41]. 3.
l. 123. healden. Gr. [48]. (2).
l. 124. wǣre. Gr. [47]. (B. 1).
l. 132. sē þe. Gr. [21].
l. 135. þæt. Gr. [21]; [52]. 3.
l. 137. on ēare. Gr. [51]. 2.
l. 138. ġewęndon him, lit. 'they went for-themselves'; a reflexive pronoun in the dative, Gr. [40]. (1), is often added to verbs of motion.
l. 139. dō ġē. Gr. [22].
l. 142. grēte. Compare Gr. [49]. (8).
l. 145. swelce, adverb, 'as it were.'
l. 151. nime. Gr. [49]. (7).
l. 161. cōme. Compare mæġe, l. 118 above.
l. 166. ofslæġenne. Gr. [46]. 5.
l. 176. ġeweorþan. Gr. [47]. (B. 1.)
l. 180. wolde. Gr. [45]. 5.
l. 191. bēon. Gr. [48]. (2).
II. FROM THE GOSPEL OF ST. MATTHEW.
l. 1. þās mīn word. Gr. [43]. 8.
l. 16. āweorpe. Gr. [49]. (8).
l. 20. hit refers back to sǣd, l. 18.
l. 22. ūp sprungenre sunnan. Gr. [41]. 2.
l. 28. is ġeworden. An over-literal rendering of the Latin factum est.
l. 32. hine, reflexive, Gr. [19].
l. 40. tō forbærnenne. We see here how out of the active 'in order to burn it' may be developed the passive 'in order that it may be burnt,' as in the modern E. 'a house to let.' Compare Gr. [50]. 4, (1).
l. 52. on hiera fatu. Compare l. 137.
l. 60. ġewordenre ġecwidrǣenne þǣm wyrhtum. A very stiff adaptation of the ablative absolute of the original, 'conventione autem facta cum operariis.' þǣm wyrhtum is to be taken as a dative of the person affected (Gr. [41]).
l. 67. dyde þǣm swā ġelīce. The Latin has simply 'fecit similiter.' The sense is 'did like to it' (like his former proceeding), the swā being pleonastic.
l. 86. þæt. Gr. [21].
l. 90. suna, dative, 'for his son.'
l. 106. ġiefthūs. hūs must here be taken in the sense of 'hall,' 'chamber.' In Icelandic the plural hūs is regularly used to denote the group of buildings (often detached) constituting a house or homestead, the kitchen, for instance, which was originally detached, being still called eldhūs (fire-house).
l. 107. þæt hē wolde gesēon. This clause is due to a confusion of two constructions, (1) hē wolde ġesēon, (2) þæt (in order that) hē ġe·sāwe.
III. OLD TESTAMENT PIECES.
The first two pieces are taken from Ælfric's translation of the Heptateuch, first published by Thwaites in his Heptateuchus, and afterwards by Grein as vol. i. of his Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa—Genesis xi. and xxii. The other three are from Ælfric's Homilies (edited by Thorpe)—ii. 584 foll., i. 570, ii. 432.
l. 4. him betwēonan. Gr. [51]. 5.
l. 13. læden. This word is the Latin latina (= lingua latina) used first in the sense of 'Latin language,' then of language generally.
l. 17. for þǣm ... for þǣm þe, correlative, the first demonstrative, the second relative.
l. 28. tō scoldon. This use of sċeal with a verb of motion understood is very common.
l. 36. him self. him is the reflexive dative of interest referring to God—literally, 'God him-self will appoint for him-self.' In such constructions we see the origin of the modern himself, themselves.
ll. 46, 47. nū ... nū, correlative, = now ... now that, the second nū being almost causal (since).
l. 51. hæfde ... tō, took ... for.
l. 52. Gode tō lāce. Gr. [40]. (1).
l. 57. mīn ęġe, objective genitive, 'the fear of me.'
māre, neut. 'a greater thing,' 'something more important.'
l. 81. māre. Cp. l. 57.
l. 82. wǣre. Gr. [49]. (7).
l. 89. hwæs is governed by ġiernde, by 'attraction.'
l. 135. miċle, adverb.
l. 137. wǣre. Gr, [49]. (7).
l. 153. belīefan is a later form for ġelīefan.
l. 156. tō handum. Cp. l. 122 above.
l. 174. ǣr ġenam. Gr. [46]. 6.
l. 200. fram mannum. fram here, as usual, denotes the agent 'by' in passive constructions.
l. 202. wite. Compare Gr. [48]. (3) and [49]. (8).
IV. SAMSON.
From Ælfric's translation of the Book of Judges in Thwaites' Heptateuch.
l. 8. onġinþ tō ālīesenne, will release, onġinnan is often used pleonastically in this way.
l. 35. Gaza ġehāten. When a name together with ġehāten is put in apposition to another noun it is left undeclined, contrary to the general principle (Gr. [42]. 6).
l. 41. swā swā hīe belocenu wǣron, locked as they were.
ufeweardum þǣm cnolle. Gr. [43]. 2.
l. 46. wæs, consisted.
l. 51. ġeworhte. We should expect ġeworhtum (Gr. [42]. 5). Perhaps the nom. is due to confusion with the construction with a relative clause—þe of sinum ġeworhte sind.
l. 74. Dagon ġehāten. Compare l. 35. swelce, 'on the ground that'—'because (as they said).'
l. 81. hēton. Compare l. 106.
l. 87. forþ is often used pleonastically in this way with mid.
V. FROM THE CHRONICLE.
l. 2. hēr sind, there are here. hēr is here used analogously to þǣr, as in II. 3 and the modern E. there are. Cp. also l. 12 below.
ġeþēodu, languages as the test of nationality. It is believed that Latin was still spoken as a living language by the Romanized Britons at the time of the venerable Bede (eighth century), from whose Church History this section was taken by the compilers of the Chronicle.
l. 5. Armenia is an error for Armorica.
l. 6. Scithie, Scythia.
l. 8. Norþibernie, North of Ireland.
l. 24. hēr, at this date—at this place in the series of entries which constitute the Chronicle.
l. 26. Wyrtġeorn is the regular development of an earlier *Wurtigern from the British Vortigern.
l. 28. Ypwinesflēot has not been identified; some say Ebbsfleet.
l. 45. Æġlesþrep, Aylesthorpe, a village near Aylesford.
l. 49. Cręċġanford, Crayford.
l. 52. The diction of this passage, with its alliteration and simile, shows that it is taken from some old poem.
l. 61. hǣþne męnn, Danes.
l. 62. mid Defena-sċīre, literally 'together with Devonshire,' that is 'with a force of Devonshire men.'
l. 64. dux is here written instead of ealdormann. So also we find rex for cyning.
l. 65. Sandwīc, Sandwich.
l. 68. fēorþe healf hund, fourth half = three and a half. This is the regular way of expressing fractional numbers, as in the German viertehalb.
l. 71. Sūþriġe, Surrey.
l. 73. Āclēa, Ockley.
l. 76. se hęre, the Danish army. hęre got a bad sense, through its association with hęrgian (to harry), and hence is applied only to a plundering, marauding body of men. In the Laws hęre is defined as
a gang of thieves more than thirty-five in number. The national English army (militia) is called fierd, l. 71, 3 above.
Humbremūþa, mouth of the Humber.
l. 77. Eoforwīc, York; a corruption of Eboracum.
l. 84. inne wurdon, got in.
l. 85. sume. Compare IV. 51.
VI. KING EDMUND.
From Ælfric's Lives of the Saints, now published for the Early English Text Society by Prof. Skeat. The present life has been printed only by Thorpe, in his Analecta Anglosaxonica from a very late MS. It is here given from the older MS., Cott. Jul. E. 7.
It will be observed that the present piece is in alliterative prose, that is, with the letter-rime of poetry, but without its metrical form. The alliteration is easily discernible:—cōm sūþan ofer sǣ fram sancte Benedictes stōwe; dæġe, tō Dūnstāne, &c.
l. 1. sancte is an English modification of the Latin genitive sancti.
l. 5. sancte is here the E. dative inflection, sanct having been made into a substantive.
l. 39. bilewīt = *bile-hwīt (with the regular change of hw into w between vowels) literally 'white (=tender) of bill,' originally, no doubt, applied to young birds, and then used metaphorically in the sense of 'gentle,' 'simple.'
l. 70. worhte flēames. This construction of wyrcan with a genitive is frequent.
l. 76. wǣre, subj. Gr. [48]. (6).
l. 85. fūse. The correct reading is probably fūsne, but the plural fūse may be taken to refer to Hinguar and his men collectively.
l. 149. ġebedhūs. The Welsh bettws, as in Bettws-y-coed = 'chapel in the wood,' still preserves the O. E. form nearly unchanged.
l. 176. swā þæt does not denote result here, but is explanatory—'namely by being bound....'
l. 178. hīe, reflexive.
l. 179. þæs ... hū, correlative.
l. 185. The reference is apparently to Proverbs xxiv. 11, which (in the Vulgate) runs thus: 'Erue eos qui ducuntur ad mortem.'
l. 200. hwæþer, (that he might see) whether ...
l. 215. līchaman, instrumental dative (Gr. [41]) of defining.
l. 222. Ēliġ = ǣl-īeg 'eel-island.'
GLOSSARY.
The order is strictly alphabetical (þ following t) except that words with the prefix ge are put in the order of the letter that follows the ge (gebed under b, &c.).
The following abbreviations are used :—
sm., sn., sf. masc., neut., fem. substantive.
sv. strong verb.
wv. weak verb.
swv. strong-weak verb (preterito-present).
The others require no explanation.
The numbers after sv. refer to the classes of strong verbs in the grammar.
Words in [ ] are Latin (and Greek) originals or cognate Old E. words. The latter are only referred to when the connection can be proved by the phonetic laws given in the grammar.
Ā, av. ever, always.
abbod, sm. abbot [Latin abbatem].
ā-·bēodan, sv. 7, w. dat. (offer), announce.
ā-·biddan, sv. 5, ask for, demand.
ā-·bītan, sv. 6, devour.
ā-·blęndan, wv. blind [blind].
ā-·brecan, sv. 4, break into, take (city).
ā-·būgan, sv. 7, bend; swerve, turn.
ac, cj. but.
ā-·cęnnan, wv. bring forth, bear (child).
ā-·cwęllan, wv. kill.
ā-·cwęnċan, wv. extinguish.
ā-·drūgian, wv. dry up, intr. [drȳġe].
ā-·dwǣsċan, wv. extinguish.
æcer, sm. field.
æþele, aj. noble, excellent.
æþeling, sm. prince.
ǣfen, sm. evening.
ǣfre, av. ever, always.
æfter, av., prep. w. dat. after—æfter þǣem, after that, afterwards; according to, by.
ǣġ-hwelc, prn. each.
ǣġþer, prn. either, each—cj. ǣġþer ġe ... ġe, both ... and [ = ǣġ hwæþer].
ǣht, sf. property [āhte, āgan].
ǣlan, wv. burn.
ǣlċ, aj. each.
ælmesse, sf. alms, charity [Greek eleēmosúnē].
æl-mihti[g.], aj. almighty.
ǣniġ, aj. any [ān].
ǣr, prep. w. dat. before (of time), ǣr þǣm þe, cj. before.
ǣr, av. formerly, before; superl. ǣrest, adj. and adv., first.
ærċe-biscop, sm. archbishop [Latin archiepiscopus].
ǣrende, sn. errand, message.
ǣrend-raca, sm. messenger.
ǣ-rist, sfm. (rising again), resurrection [ārīsan].
ǣrne-mergen, sm. early morning.
æsc, sm. (ash-tree); war-ship.
æt, prp. w. dat. at; deprivation, from; origin, source—ābǣdon wīf æt him, 'asked for wives from them;' specification, defining—wurdon æt sprǣċe, 'fell into conversation.'
æt-·breġdan, sv. 3 (snatch away), deprive of.
æt-·foran, prp. w. dat. before.
æt-·gædre, av. together.
æt-īewan, wv. w. dat. show.
ǣton, see etan.
ā-·fandian, wv. experience, find out [findan].
ā-·faran, sv. 2, go away, depart.
ā-·feallan, sv. 1, fall.
ā-·fēdan, wv. feed.
ā-·fȳlan, wv. defile [fūl].
ā-fyrht, aj. frightened [past partic. of ā·fyrhtan from forht].
āgan, swv. possess.
ā-·gān, sv. happen.
āgen, aj. own [originally past partic. of āgan].
ā-·ġiefan, sv. 5, w. dat. give, render.
āh, see āgan.
ā-·hębban, sv. 2, raise, exalt.
ā-·hieldan, wv. incline.
ā-·hōn, sv. 1, hang, trans.
ā-·hrēosan, sv. 7, fall.
āhte, see āgan.
ā-hwǣr, av. anywhere.
ā-·hȳran, wv. hire.
ā-·līesan, wv. (loosen), release; redeem [lēas].
ā-·līesed-nes, sf. redemption.
ā-līesend, sm. redeemer.
ān, aj. one (always strong); a certain one, certain; alone (generally weak); gen. pl. ānra in ānra ge-hwelċ, 'each one.'
ān-cęnned, aj. (past partic.) (only-born), only (child).
and, cj. and.
and-bīdian, wv. w. gen. wait, expect [bīdan].
andet-nes, sf. confession.
andettan, wv. confess.
and-ġiet, sn. sense, meaning; understanding, intelligence.
and-swarian, wv. w. dat. answer [andswaru].
and-swaru, sf. answer [swęrian].
and-weard, aj. present.
and-wyrdan, wv. w. dat. answer [word].
Angel, sm. Anglen (a district in Slesvig).
Angel-cynn, sn. English nation, England.
ā-·niman, sv. 4, take away.
ān-lǣċan, wv. unite.
ān-mōd, aj. unanimous.
ān-mōd-līce, av. unanimously.
ān-rǣd, aj. (of one counsel) constant, firm, resolute.
apostol, sm. apostle.
ār, sf. mercy; honour.
ā-·rǣran, wv. raise, build [ārīsan].
ārian, wv. w. dat. honour; spare, have mercy on [ār].
ā-·rīsan, sv. 6, arise.
ār-lēas, aj. wicked.
arn, see iernan.
arod, aj. quick, bold.
arod-līce, av. quickly, readily, boldly.
ār-weorþ, adj. worthy of honour, venerable.
āscian, wv. ask.
ā-·scūfan, sv. 7, thrust.
ā-·sęndan, wv. send.
ā-·sęttan, wv. set, place.
ā-·smēan, wv. consider, think of, conceive.
assa, sm. ass.
ā-·stęllan, wv. institute.
ā-·stīgan, sv. 6, ascend, descend.
ā-·stręċċan, wv. stretch out, extend.
ā-·styrian, wv. stir, move.
ā-·tēon, sv. 7, draw out, draw, take.
atol-lic, aj. deformed.
ā-·þrēotan, sv. 7, fail, run short.
ā-·węċċan, wv. awake, arouse [wacian].
ā-·wēdan, wv. go mad [wōd].
ā-·węndan, wv. turn; translate.
ā-·weorpan, sv. 3, throw, throw away; depose (king).
ā-·wēstan, wv. lay waste, ravage.
ā-·wierġed, aj. cursed, accursed, [past. partic. of āwierġan, from wearg].
ā-wiht, prn. aught, anything.
ā-·wrītan, sv. 6, write.
ā-·wyrtwalian, wv. root up.
B.
Bæc, sn. back—under bæc, behind.
bæd, see biddan.
bǣdon, see biddan.
bærnan, wv. burn, trans. [beornan].
bærnett, sn. burning.
bǣron, see beran.
bæst, sm. bast.
bæsten, aj. of bast.
be, prep. w. dat. by; about, concerning.
beald, aj. bold.
bearn, sn. child [beran].
bēatan, sv. 1, beat.
be-·bēodan, sv. 7, w. dat. bid, command.
be-·byrġan, wv. bury.
bēċ, see bōc.
be-·clyppan, wv. embrace, encompass, hold.
be-·cuman, sv. 4, come.
ġe·bed, sn. prayer [biddan].
be-·dǣlan, wv. w. gen. deprive of [dǣl].
będd, sn. bed.
be-·delfan, sv. 3; (hide by digging), bury.
ġe·bed-hūs, sn. oratory, chapel.
be-·fæstan, wv. (make fast); w. dat. commit, entrust to.
be-·foran, prp. w. dat. before.
bēġen, prn. both.
be-·ġeondan, prp. w. acc. beyond.
be-·ġietan, sv. 5, get, obtain.
be-·ġinnan, sv. 3, begin.
be-·hātan, sv. 1, w. dat. promise.
be-·hēafdian, wv. behead [hēafod].
be-·healdan, sv. 1, behold.
be-·hōfian, wv. w. gen. require.
be-·hrēowsian, wv. repent [hrēowan].
be-·hȳdan, wv. hide.
be-·lǣwan, wv. betray.
be-·līefan, wv. believe.
be-·līfan, sv. 6, remain [lāf].
be-·lūcan, sv. 7, lock, close.
bęnd, smfn. bond [bindan].
bēodan, sv. 7, w. dat. offer.
bēon, v. be—bēon ymbe, have to do with.
beorg, sm. hill, mountain.
ġebeorgan, sv. 3, w. dat. save, protect.
beornan, sv. 3, burn, intrans.
bēot-lic, aj. boastful.
be-·pǣċan, wv. deceive.
beran, sv. 4, bear, carry; (ġeberan, bring forth).
bęrn, sn. barn.
berstan, sv. 3, burst.
be-·sārgian, wv. lament [sāriġ].
be-·sċieran, sv. 4, shear, cut hair.
be-·sēon, sv. 5, see, look.
be-·sęttan, wv. set about, surround, cover.
be-·stealcian, wv. go stealthily, steal.
be-·swīcan, sv. 6, deceive, circumvent, betray.
be-·tǣċan, wv. commit, entrust, give up.
bętera, bętst, see gōd.
be·twēonan, prp. w. dat. between, among.
be-·twix, prep. w. acc. and dat. between, among; of time, during—betwix þǣm þe, cj. while.
be-·węrian, wv. defend.
be-·witan, swv. watch over, have charge of.
bīdan, sv. 6, wait.
biddan, sv. 5, ask, beg.
ġe·biddan, sv. 5, refl. pray.
bieldo, sf. (boldness), arrogance [beald].
bī-gęng, sm. worship [bi, by, and gęnġ from gān].
bile-wīt, aj. simple, innocent.
bindan, sv. 3, bind.
binnan, av. inside; prp. w. dat. within, in [ = be-innan].
biscop, sm. bishop [Latin episcopus].
bi-smer, snm. insult, ignominy.
bismer-full, aj. ignominious, shameful.
bismerian, wv. treat with ignominy, insult [bismer].
bītan, sv. 6, bite.
biþ, see bēon.
blāwan, sv. 1, blow.
bleoh, sn. colour.
blēow, see blāwan.
blētsian, wv. bless.
blind, aj. blind.
bliss, sf. merriment, joy.
blissian, wv. rejoice.
blīþe, aj. glad, merry.
blīþe-līce, av. gladly.
blōd, sn. blood.
bōc, sf. book, scripture.
Bōc-læden, sn. book Latin, Latin.
bodian, wv. announce, preach [bēodan].
bodiġ, sm. body.
bohte, see byċġan.
brād, aj. broad.
brǣþ, sm. vapour, odour.
brecan, sv. 4, break; take (city).
breġdan, sv. 3, pull.
brēmel, sm. bramble.
Breten, sf. Britain.
Brettas, smpl. the British.
Brettisc, aj. British [Brettas].
bringan, wv. bring.
brōhte, see bringan.
brōþor, sm. brother.
brūcan, sv. 7, w. gen. enjoy, partake of.
brȳd, sf. bride.
brȳd-guma, sm. bridegroom [literally bride-man].
būan, wv. dwell.
būend, smpl. dwellers [pres. partic. of būan].
bufan, prp. w. dat. and acc. over, above, on.
būgan, sv. 7, bend, incline.
bundon, see bindan.
burg, sf. city.
burg-ġeat, sn. city-gate.
būtan, av. outsīde; prp. w. dat. without, except, besides [ = be-ūtan].
būtan, cj. unless, except.
byċġan, wv. buy.
byrþen, sf. burden [beran].
byrġen, sf. tomb [bebyrġan].
ġebyrian, wf. be due, befit.
byriġ, see burg.
byrst, sf. bristle.
ġe·bȳsnian, wv. give example, illustrate.
ġe·bȳsnung, sf. example.
C.
Cann, see cunnan.
canōn, sm. canon; canōnes bēc, canonical books.
Cantwara-burg, sf. Canterbury [Cantwara, gen. of Cantware].
Cant-ware, pl. Kent-dwellers, men of Kent [Lat. Cantia and ware].
cāsere, sm. emperor [Latin Caesar].
ċeaflas, smpl. jaws.
ċeald, aj. cold.
ċealf, sn. calf.
ċēap, sn. purchase.
ċēas, see ċēosan.
ċeaster, sf. city [Latin castra].
cēne, aj. brave, bold.
cęnnan, wv. bring forth, bear child.
Cęnt, sf. Kent [Cantia].
Cęnt-land, sn. Kent.
ċeorfan, sv. 3, cut.
ċēosan, sv. 7, choose.
cēpan, wv. w. gen. attend, look out for.
ċīepan, wv. trade, sell [ċēap].
ċīepend, sm. seller [pres. partic. of ċīepan].
ċierr, sm. turn.
ċierran, wv. turn, return, go—ċierran tō, take to.
ġe·ċierred-nes, sf. conversion.
ċild, sn. child.
ċild-hād, sm. childhood.
ċinn-bān, sn. jawbone.
ċiriċe, sf. church.
clǣne, aj. clean, pure.
clawu, sf. claw.
clipian, wv. call, summon.
clipung, sf. calling.
clyppan, wv. clip, embrace.
cnapa, sm. (boy, youth), servant.
cnoll, sm. top, summit.
coccel, sm. corn-cockle.
cōm, see cuman.
coren, see ċēosan.
cræft, sm. skill, cunning.
crīsten, aj. Christian.
cuma, sm. stranger [cuman].
cuman, sv. 4, come; cuman ūp, land.
cunnan, swv. know.
cunnian, wv. try [cunnan].
curon, see ċēosan.
cūþ, aj. known [originally past partic. of cunnan].
cwǣdon, see cweþan.
cwaeþ, see cweþan.
cweartern, sn. prison.
cwēman, wv. please, gratify.
ġe·cwēmednes, sf. pleasing.
cwēn, sf. queen.
cweþan, sv. 5, say, speak; name, call.
cwic, aj. alive.
cwide, sm. speech, address [cweþan].
ġecwīd-rǣden, sf. agreement.
cwiþþ, see cweþan.
cymþ, see cuman.
cyne-cynn, sn. royal family.
cyne-līc, aj. royal.
cyne-līce, av. like a king, royally.
cyne-stōl, sm. throne.
cyning, sm. king.
cynn, sn. race, kind.
cyst, sf. excellence [ċēosan].
cystiġ, aj. (excellent), charitable.
cȳþan, wv. make known, tell [cūþ].
D.
Dǣd, sf. deed.
dæġ, sm. day.
dæġ-hwǣm-līce, av. daily.
dǣl, sm. part—be healfum dǣle, by half.
dǣlan, wv. divide, share.
dēad, aj. dead.
dēaþ, sm. death.
Defena-sċīr, sf. Devonshire [Devonia].
dehter, see dohtor.
ġedelf, sn. digging.
delfan, sv. 3, dig.
Dęne, smpl. Danes.
Dęnisc, aj. Danish.
dēofol, sum. devil [Latin diabolus].
dēofol-ġield, sn. idol.
dēop, aj. deep.
dēor, sn. wild beast.
dēore, aj. dear, precious.
dēor-wierþe, aj. precious.
dīegol, aj. hidden, secret.
dīegol-nes, sf. secret.
dīepe, sf. depth [dēop].
dihtan, wv. appoint [Latin dictare].
disc-þeġn, sm. (dish-thane), waiter.
dohtor, sf. daughter.
dōm, sm. doom, judgment, sentence.
dōn, sv. do, act.
dorste, see durran.
draca, sm. dragon.
dranc, see drincan.
drēoriġ, aj. sad.
drīfan, sv. 6, drive.
drinca, sm. drink.
drincan, sv. 3, drink.
drohtnian, wv. live, continue, behave.
drohtnung, sf. conduct.
drȳġe, aj. dry.
Dryhten, sm. Lord,
dūn, sf. hill, down.
durran, swv. dare.
duru, sf. door.
dūst, sn. dust.
ġe·dwyld, sn. error.
dyde, see dōn.
dyppan, wv. dip.
dysiġ, aj. foolish.
E.
Ēac, av. also; ēac swelce, also.
ēacnian, wv. increase.
ēadiġ, aj. (prosperous), blessed.
ēage, sn. eye.
ēag-þȳrel, sn. (eye-hole), window.
eahta, num. eight.
ēa-lā, interj. oh!
eald, aj. old—cp. ieldra.
Eald-seaxe, smpl. Old Saxons.
ealdor, sm. chief, master.
ealdor-mann, sm. chief, officer.
eall, aj. all.
eall, av. quite ; eall swā miċel swā, (quite) as much as.
eall-nīwe, aj. quite new.
eallunga, av. entirely.
ealu, sn. ale.
eard, sm. country, native land.
eardian, wv. dwell.
ēare, sn. ear.
earm, sm. arm.
earm, aj. poor, wretched, despicable.
earm-lic, aj. miserable.
earm-līce, av. miserably, wretchedly.
earn, sm. eagle.
eart, see wesan.
ēast, av. eastwards.
ēast-dǣl, sm. east part, the East.
Ēast-ęnġle, smpl. East-Anglians.
Ēast-seaxe, smpl. East-Saxons.
ēaþe-lic, aj. insignificant, weak.
ēaþ-mēdan, wv. humble [ēaþmōd].
ēaþ-mōd, aj. humble.
ēċe, aj. eternal.
ēċ-nes, sf. eternity.
efen, aj. even.
ġe·efen-lǣċan, wv. imitate.
efne, av. behold, lo! [efen].
ęfsian, wv. clip, shear.
eft, av. again; afterwards, then; back.
ęġe, sm. fear.
ęġesa, sm. fear [eġe].
ęġes-lic, aj. fearful, awful.
ēhtere, sm. persecutor.
ele, sm. oil.
ęl-þēodiġ-nes, sf. foreign land.
ęnde, sm. end.
ęndemes, av. together.
ġe·ęndian, wv. end; die.
ęndlufon, num. eleven.
ęndlyfta, aj. eleventh.
ġe·ęndung, sf. ending, end.
ęnġel, sm. angel [Latin angelus].
Ęnġla-land, sn. England [Ęnġla gen. pl. of Ęnġle].
Ęnġle, smpl. the English [Angel].
Ęnġlisc, aj. English—sn. English language [Ęnġle].
ēode, see gān.
eom, see wesan.
eorl, sm. earl.
eorþ-būend, sm. earth-dweller.
eorþe, sf. earth.
eorþ-fæst, aj. firm in the earth.
eorþ-lic, aj. earthly.
eornost, sf. earnest.
eornost-līce, av. in truth, indeed.
ēow, see þū.
etan, sv. 5, eat.
ēþel, sm. country, native land.
F.
Fæder, sm. father.
fæġen, aj. glad.
fæġer, aj. fair.
fæġer-nes, sf. fairness, beauty.
fæġnian, wv. w. gen. rejoice.
fǣmne, sf. virgin.
fǣr, sf. danger.
fǣr-lic, aj. sudden.
fǣr-līce, av. suddenly.
fæst, aj. fast, firm.
fæstan, wv. fast.
fæsten, sf. fasting.
fæt, sn. vessel.
fāg-nes, sf. variegation, various colours.
fandian, wv. w. gen. try, test, tempt [findan].
faran, sv. 2, go.
faru, sf. procession, retinue, pomp.
fēa, aj. pl. few.
ġe·fēa, sm. joy.
feallan, sv. 1, fall.
fearr, sm. bull; ox.
feax, sn. hair of head.
fēdan, wv. feed [fōda].
fela, aj. pl. w. gen. many.
feld, sm. field.
feoh, sn. money, property.
ġe·feoht, sn. fight.
feohtan, sv. 3, fight.
fēole, sf. file.
fēolian, wv. file.
fēoll, see feallan.
fēond, sm. enemy.
feorh, snm. life.
feorm, sf. (food); feast, banquet.
feorr, av. far.
fēorþa, num. fourth.
fēower, num. four.
ġe·fēra, sm. companion [fōr].
fēran, wv. go, fare [fōr].
ġe·fēran, wv. (go over), take possession of.
fęrian, wv. carry [faran].
fēt, see fōt.
fętian, wv. fetch—pret. ġefętte.
ġe·fętte, see fętian.
fīend, see fēond.
fierd, sf. army [faran].
fierlen, aj. distant [feorr].
fierst, sm. period, time.
fīf, num. five.
findan, sv. 3 (pret. funde), find.
fisc, sm. fish.
fisc-cynn, sn. fish-kind.
flēam, sm. flight [flēon].
fleax, sn. flax.
flēogan, sv. 7, fly.
flēon, sv. 7, flee.
flēotan, sv. 7, float.
flītan, sv. 6, quarrel, dispute.
ġe·flīeman, wv. put to flight [flēam].
flōd, sm. flood.
flota, sm. fleet [flēotan].
flot-hęre, sm. naval army, army of pirates.
flot-mann, sm. sailor, pirate.
flōwan, sv. 1, flow.
flugon, see flēon.
flyht, sm. flight [flēogan].
fōda, sm. food.
folc, sn. people, nation.
folc-lic, aj. popular.
folgian, wv. w. dat. follow; obey.
fōn, sv. 1, seize, take, capture; fēng tō rīċe, came to the throne; tōgædre fēngon, joined together.
for, prep. w. dat. before—rīċe for worulde, in the eyes of the world; causal, for, because of, for the sake of—ne dorste for Gode, for the fear of God—for þǣm, therefore, for þǣem (þe), because; w. acc., instead of, for.
fōr, sf. journey [faran].
fōr, see faran.
for-·bærnan, wv. burn up, burn, trans.
for-·bēodan, sv. 7, forbid.
for-·brēotan, sv. 7, break.
for-·ċeorfan, sv. 3, cut off.
for-·dilgian, wv. destroy.
for-·dōn, sv. destroy.
for-·ealdod, aj. aged [past partic. of forealdian, grow old].
fore-sċēawian, wv. pre-ordain, decree, appoint.
fore-sęċġan, wv. say before—se foresæġda, the aforesaid.
for-·ġiefan, sv. 5, w. dat. give, grant; forgive.
for-·ġief-nes, sf. forgiveness.
for-·ġīeman, wv. neglect.
for-·ġietan, sv. forget.
forht, aj. afraid.
forhtian, wv. be afraid.
for-·hwega, av. somewhere.
for-·lǣtan, sv. 1, leave, abandon.
for-·lēosan, sv. 7, lose.
for-·liġer, sn. wantonness, immorality.
forma, aj. first—superl. fyrmest, first.
for-·molsnian, wv. crumble, decay.
for-·scrincan, sv. 3, shrink up.
for-sēon, sv. 5, despise.
for-·slēan, sv. 2, cut through.
for-·standan, sv. 2, (stand before), protect.
forþ, av. forth, forwards, on.
forþ-·fēran, wv. depart, die.
for-·þrysman, wv. suffocate, choke.
for-·weorþan, sv. 3, perish.
fōt, sm. foot.
frætwian, wv. adorn.
frætwung, sf. ornament.
fram, prep. w. dat. from; agent. w. pass. hīe wǣron fram Wyrtġeorne ġelaþode, invited by.
fręmman, wv. perform, do.
frēond, sm. friend.
friþ, sm. peace—friþ niman, make peace.
fugol, sm. bird.
fuhton, see feohtan.
fūl, aj. foul, impure.
full, aj. full.
full-·blīþe, aj. very glad.
full-·cēne, aj. very brave.
ful-līce, av. fully.
full-·sōþ, aj. very true.
fultum, sm. help; forces, troops.
fultumian, wv. w. dat. help.
funde, see findan.
furþor, av. further, more [forþ].
fūs, aj. hastening.
fyllan, wv. fill, fulfil [full].
fȳr, sn. fire.
fyrmest, see forma.
G.
Gadrian, wv. gather.
gærs, sn. grass.
gafeloc, sm. missile, spear.
gafol, sn. interest, profit.
gamen, sn. sport.
gān, sv. go.
ġe·gān, sv. gain, conquer.
gangende, see gān.
gāst, sm. spirit; se hālga gāst, the Holy Ghost.
gāst-lic, aj. spiritual.
ġe, cj. and—ġe ... ġe, both ... and.
ġē, see þū.
ġealga, sm. gallows.
ġēar, sn. year.
ġearcian, wv. prepare [ġearo].
ġeard, sm. yard, court.
ġearu, aj. ready.
ġearwian, wv. prepare.
ġeat, sn. gate.
ġēoguþ, sf. youth.
ġēomrung, sf. lamentation.
ġeond, prp. w. acc. through, throughout.
ġēong, aj. young.
ġeorn, aj. eager.
ġeorne, av. eagerly, earnestly.
ġiefan, sv. 5, give.
ġiefta, sfpl. marriage, wedding [ġiefan].
ġieft-hūs, sn. wedding-hall.
ġieft-lic, aj. wedding.
ġiefu, sf. gift; grace (of God) [ġiefan].
ġierla, sm. dress [ġearu].
ġiernan, wv. w. gen. yearn, desire; ask [ġeorn].
ġiet, av. yet; further, besides.
ġif, cj. if.
ġimm, sm. gem, jewel [Latin gemma].
ġimm-stān, sm. gem, jewel.
ġit, see þū.
ġītsian, wv. covet.
ġītsung, sf. covetousness, avarice.
glæd, aj. glad.
glæd-līce, av. gladly.
glēaw, aj. prudent, wise.
glęnġan, wv. adorn; trim (lamp).
god, sm. God.
god-fæder, sm. godfather.
god-spell, sn. gospel.
godspel-lic, aj. evangelical.
gōd, aj. good—compar. bętera. superl. bętst.
gōd, sn. good thing, good.
gold, sn. gold.
gold-hord, sn. treasure.
grǣdiġ. aj. greedy.
grǣġ, aj. grey.
grētan, wv. greet, salute.
grindan, sv. 3, grind.
grīst-bītung, sf. gnashing of teeth.
grymetian, wv. grunt, roar.
gyldan, wv. gild [gold].
gylden, aj. golden [gold].
H.
Habban, wv. have; take.
hād, sm. rank, condition.
ġe·hādod, aj. ordained, in orders, clerical [past partic. of hādian, ordain].
hæfde, hæfþ, see habban.
hæftan, wv. hold fast, hold [habban].
hǣlan, wv. heal [hāl].
hǣlend, sm. Saviour [pres. partic. of hǣlan].
hǣlo, sf. salvation [hāl].
hǣs, sf. command.
hæspe, sf. hasp.
hǣte, sf. heat [hāt].
hǣþ, sf. heath.
hǣþen, aj. heathen [hǣþ].
hāl, aj. whole, sound.
ġe·hāl, aj. whole, uninjured.
hālga, sm. saint.
hālġian, wv. hallow, consecrate.
hāliġ, aj. holy.
hāliġ-dōm, sm. holy object, relic.
hām, av. homewards, home.
hand, sf. hand.
hand-cweorn, sf. hand-mill.
hangian, wv. hang, intr. [hōn].
hāt, aj. hot.
hātan, sv. 1, command, ask—w. inf. in passive sense, hēton him sęċġan, bade them be told ; name—passive, hātte.
hatian, wv. hate.
hātte, see hātan.
hē, prn. he.
hēafod, sn. head.
hēafod-mann, sm. head-man, ruler, chief.
hēah, aj. high—superl. hīehst.
healdan, sv. 1, hold, keep; guard; preserve; observe, keep.
healf, aj. half.
healf, sf. side.
hēa-lic, aj. lofty [hēah].
heall, sf. hall.
heard, aj. hard ; strong; severe.
hębban, sv. 2, raise.
hęfel-þrǣd, sm. web-thread, thread.
hęfe, sm. weight [hębban].
hęfiġ, aj. heavy [hęfe].
hęll, sf. hell.
ġe·hęnde, aj. w. dat. near [hand].
hēo, see hē.
heofon, sm. heaven—often in plur., heofona rīċe.
heofon-lic, aj. heavenly.
hēold, see healdan.
heord, sf. herd.
heorte, sf. heart.
hēr, av. here; hither—hēr·æfter, &c., hereafter.
hēr-be-·ēastan, av. east of this.
hęre, sm. army.
hęre-rēaf, sn. spoil.
hęre-toga, sm. army-leader, general, chief [toga from tēon].
hęrgian, wv. ravage, make war [hęre].
hęrgung, sf. (ravaging), warfare, war.
hęrian, wv. praise.
hēt, see hātan.
hider, av. hither.
hīe, see hē.
hīehst, see hēah.
hiera, see hē.
ġe·hīeran, wv. hear.
hierde, sm. shepherd [heord].
hierd-rǣden, sf. guardianship.
hiere, see hē.
ġe·hīer-sum, aj. w. dat. obedient [hīeran].
ġe·hīersum-nes, sf. obedience.
him, hine, see hē.
hīred, snm. family, household.
his, see hē.
hit, see hē.
hīw, sn. hue, form.
hlǣdder, sf. ladder.
hlæst, sm. load.
hlāf, sm. bread, loaf of bread.
hlāford, sm. lord.
hlīsa, sm. fame.
hlūd, aj. loud.
hlȳdan, wv. make a noise, shout [hlūd].
hnappian, wv. doze.
ġe·hoferod, aj. (past partic.), hump-backed.
holt, sn. wood.
hōn, sv. 1, hang [hangian].
horn, sm. horn.
hræd-līce, av. quickly.
hrædung, sf. hurry.
hraþe, av. quickly—swā hraþe swā, as soon as.
hrēod, sn. reed.
hrēowan, sv. 7, rue, repent.
hrīeman, wv. cry, call.
hrīþer, sn. ox.
hrōf, sn. roof.
hryċġ, sm. back.
hryre, sm. fall [hrēosan].
hū, av. how.
hū-meta, av. how.
hund, sn. w. gen. hundred.
hund, sm. dog.
hund-feald, aj. hundredfold.
hund-·nigontiġ, num. ninety.
hund-·twęlftiġ, num. hundred and twenty.
hungor, sm. hunger; famine.
hungriġ, aj. hungry.
hūru, av. especially.
hūs, sn. house.
hux-līce, av. ignominiously.
hwā, prn. who.
ġe·hwā, prn. every one.
hwǣm, see hwā.
hwǣr, av. where—swā hwǣr swā, wherever.
ġe·hwǣr, av. everywhere.
hwæs, hwæt, see hwā.
hwæt, interj. what! lo! well.
hwǣte, sm. wheat.
hwæþer, av. cj. whether—hwæþer þe, to introduce a direct question.
hwæþre, av. however.
hwanon, av. whence.
hwelċ, prn. which; any one, any—swā hwelċ swā, whoever.
ġe·hwelċ, prn. any, any one.
hwīl, sf. while, time.
hwone, see hwā.
hwonne, av. when.
hwȳ, av. why.
hȳdan, wv. hide.
hyht, sf. hope.
ġe·hyhtan, wv. hope.
hȳran, wv. hire.
I.
Iċ, prn. I.
īdel, aj. idle; useless, vain—on īdel, in vain.
īeġ-land, sn. island.
ieldan, wv. delay [eald].
ieldra, see eald.
ieldran, smpl. ancestors [originally compar. of eald].
iernan, sv. 3, run; flow.
ierre, aj. angry.
īl, sm. hedgehog.
ilca, prn. same (always weak, and with the definite article).
in, prp. w. dat. and acc. in, into.
inc, see þū.
inn, av. in (of motion).
innan, prp. w. dat. (av.) within.
inne, av. within, inside.
inn-ġehyġd, sn. inner thoughts, mind.
in-tō, prp. w. dat. into.
Īotan, smpl. Jutes.
Īr-land, sn. Ireland.
Iūdēisc, aj. Jewish—þā Iūdēiscan, the Jews.
L.
Lā, interj. lo!—lā lēof! Sir!
lāc, sn. gift; offering, sacrifice.
ġe·lǣċan, wv. seize.
lǣdan, wv. lead; carry, bring, take.
læden, sn. Latin; language.
læġ, see liċġan.
lǣran, wv. w. double acc. teach; advise, suggest [lār].
ġe·lǣred, aj. learned [past partic. of lǣran].
lǣs, av. less—þȳ lǣs (þe), cj. w. subj. lest.
lǣtan, sv. 1, let; leave—hēo lēt þā swā, she let the matter rest there.
ġe·lǣte, sn.—wega ġelǣtu, pl. meetings of the roads.
lāf, sf. remains—tō lāfe bēon, remain over, be left [(be)līfan].
ġe·lamp, see ġelimpan.
land, sn. land, country.
land-folc, sn. people of the country.
land-hęre, sm. land-army.
land-lēode, smpl. people of the country.
lang, aj. long.
lange, av. for a long time, long.
lang-līce, av. for a long time, long.
lār, sf. teaching, doctrine.
late, av. slowly, late—late on ġēare, late in the year.
ġe·laþian, wv. invite.
ġe·laþung, sf. congregation.
lēaf, sf. leave.
ġe·lēafa, sm. belief, faith.
ġe·lēaf-full, aj. believing, pious.
leahtor, sm. crime, vice.
lēas, aj. without (expers), in compos.—less; false.
lēat, see lūtan.
lęċġan, wv. lay [liċġan].
ġe·lęndan, wv. land [land].
lēo, smf. lion.
lēode, smpl. people.
lēof, aj. dear, beloved; pleasant—mē wǣre lēofre, I would rather—[lufu].
leofode, see libban.
leoht, sn. light.
leoht-fæt, sn. (light-vessel), lamp.
leornian, wv. learn.
leornung-cniht, sm. disciple.
lēt, see lǣtan.
libban, wv. live.
līc, sn. body, corpse.
ġe·līc, aj. w. dat. like.
ġe·līce, av. in like manner, alike, equally.
liċġan, sv. 5, lie.
līc-hama, sm. body.
līcham-līce, av. bodily.
ġelīcian, wv. w. dat. please.
līefan, wv. w. dat. allow [lēaf].
ġe·līefan, wv. believe [gelēafa].
līf, sn. līfe.
lifiend, see libban.
lim, sn. limb, member.
ġe·limp, sn. event, emergency, calamity.
ġe·limpan, sv. 3, happen.
līþ, see liċġan.
locc, sm. lock of hair.
lof, sn. praise; glory.
ġe·lōgian, place; occupy, furnish.
ġe·lōm, aj. frequent, repeated.
ġe·lōme, av. often, repeatedly.
losian, wv. w. dat. be lost—him losaþ, he loses [(for)lēosan].
lūcan, sv. 7, close.
lufian, wv. love.
lufu, sf. love [lēof].
Lunden-burg, sf. London [Lundonia].
lūtan, sv. 7, stoop.
lȳtel, aj. little.
M.
Mā, see micel.
macian, wv. make.
mæġ, swv. can, be able.
mæġen, sn. strength, capacity; virtue [mæġ].
mǣġþ, sf. family; tribe, nation; generation.
ġe·mǣne, aj. common.
ġe·mǣnelic, aj. common, general.
mǣre, aj. famous, glorious, great (metaphorically).
ġe·mǣre, sn. boundary, territory.
mǣrsian, wv. extol, celebrate [mǣre].
mǣrþo, sf. glory [mǣre].
mæsse, sf. mass [Latin missa].
mæsse-prēost, sm. mass-priest.
mǣst, see miċel.
magon, see mæġ.
man, indef. one [mann].
mān, sn. wickedness.
mān-dǣd, sf. wicked deed.
mān-full, aj. wicked.
mangere, sm. merchant.
mangung, sf. trade, business.
maniġ, aj. many.
manīġ-feald, aj. manifold.
maniġ-fieldan, wv. multiply [maniġfeald].
mann, sm. man; person.
mann-cynn, sn. mankind.
mann-rǣden, sf. allegiance.
mann-slaga, sm. manslayer, murderer [slēan, slęġe].
māre, see miċel.
martyr, sm. martyr.
māþm, sm. treasure.
māþm-fæt, sn. precious vessel.
mē, see ic.
mearc, sf. boundary.
mēd, sf. reward, pay.
mēder, see mōdor.
męnn, see mann.
męnnisc, aj. human [mann].
męre-grot, sr. pearl [margarita].
merġen, sm. morning [morgen].
ġe·met, sn. measure; manner, way.
metan, sv. 5, measure.
ġe·mētan, wv. meet; find [ġemōt].
męte, sm. food—pl. męttas.
miċel, aj. great, much—comp. māre, mā (adv., sn., aj.), sup. mǣst.
miċle, av. greatly, much.
mid, prp. w. dat. (instr.) with—mid þǣm þe, cj. when.
middan-ġeard, sm. world [literally middle enclosure].
midde, aj. mid, middle (only of time).
middel, sn. middle.
Middel-ęnġle, smpl. Middle-Angles.
Mierċe, smpl. Mercians [mearc].
miht, sf. might, strength; virtue [mæġ].
mihte, see mæġ.
mihtiġ, aj. mighty, strong.
mīl, sf. mile [Latin milia (passuum)].
mild-heort, aj. mild-hearted, merciful.
ġe·miltsian, wv. w. dat. have mercy on, pity [milde].
mīn, see ic.
mis-lǣdan, wv. mislead, lead astray.
mis-lic, aj. various.
mōd, sn. heart, mind.
mōdig, aj. proud.
mōdiġ-nes, sf. pride.
mōdor, sf. mother.
molde, sf. mould, earth.
mōna, sm. moon.
mōnaþ, sm. month—pl. mōnaþ [mōna].
morgen, sm. morning.
morþ, sn. (murder), crime.
mōste, see mōtan.
ġe·mōt, sn. meeting.
mōtan, swv. may; ne mōt, must not.
ġe·munan, swv. remember.
munt, sm. mountain, hill [Latin montem].
munuc, sm. monk [Latin monachus].
murcnian, wv. grumble, complain.
mūþ, sm. mouth.
mūþa, sm. mouth of a river [mūþ].
ġe·mynd, sf. memory, mind [ġemunan].
ġe·myndiġ, aj. w. gen. mindful.
mynet, sf. coin [Latin moneta].
mynetere, sm. money-changer.
mynster, sn. monastery [Latin monasterium].
N.
Nā, av. not, no [ = ne ā].
nabban = ne habban.
nǣddre, sf. snake.
næfde, næfst, = ne hæfde, ne hæfst.
nǣfre, av. never [ = ne ǣfre].
næġel, sm. nail.
næs = ne wæs.
nāht, prn. w. gen. naught, nothing [ = nān wiht].
nāht-nes, sf. worthlessness, cowardice.
nam, see niman.
nama, sm. name.
nāmon, see niman.
nān, prn. none, no [ = ne ān].
nāt = ne wāt.
nāwþer, prn. neither [ = ne āhwæþer (either)].
ne, av. not—ne ... ne, neither ... not.
nēah, av. near; superl. nīehst—æt nīehstan, next, immediately, afterwards.
nearu, aj. narrow.
nēa-wist, sfm. neighbourhood [wesan].
nęmnan, wv. name [nama].
neom = ne eom.
nese, av. no.
nętt, sn. net.
nīed, sf. need.
nīedunga, av. needs, by necessity.
nīehst, see nēah.
nīeten, sn. animal.
nigon, num. nine.
nigoþa, aj. ninth.
niht, sf. night.
niman, sv. 4, take, capture; take in marriage, marry.
nis = ne is.
niþer, av. down.
nīwe, aj. new.
ġe·nōg, aj. enough.
nolde = ne wolde.
norþ, av. north.
Norþhymbra-land, sn. Northumberland.
Norþ-hymbre, smpl. Northumbrians [Humbra].
norþan-weard, aj. northward.
Norþ-męnn, pl. Norwegians.
nū, av. now, just now; cj. causal, now that, since.
nū·ġiet, av. still.
ġe·nyht-sum-nes, sf. sufficience, abundance.
nyle, = ne wile.
nyste, nyton = ne wiste, ne witon.
O.
Of, prp. w. dat. of, from of place, origin, privation, release, &c.; partitive, sęllaþ ūs of ēowrum ele, some of your oil.
of-·drǣdd, aj. afraid [past partic. of ofdrǣdan, dread].
ofer, prp. w. dat. and acc. over; on; of time, during, throughout, over.
ofer-gyld, aj. (past partic.), gilded over, covered with gold.
ofer-·hęrgian, wv. ravage, over-run.
ofer-·sāwan, sv. 2, sow over.
offrian, wv. offer, sacrifice [Latin offerre].
offrung, sf. offering, sacrifice.
of-·slēan, sv. 2, slay.
of-·snīþan, sv. 6, kill [snīþan, cut].
of-spring, sm. offspring [springan].
oft, av. often.
of-·tēon, sv. 7, w. dat. of pers. and gen. of thing, deprive.
of-·þyrst, aj. thirsty [past partic. of ofþyrstan, from þurst].
of-·wundrian, wv. w. gen. wonder.
ō-lǣċung, sf. flattery.
olfend, sm. camel [Latin elephas].
on, prp. w. dat. and acc. on; in; hostility, against, on hīe fuhton; of time, in.
on-·byrġan, wv. taste.
on-·cnāwan, sv. 1, know, recognize.
on·drǣdan, sv. 1, wv. dread, fear.
on-·fōn, sv. 1, receive.
on-·ġēan, prp. w. dat. and acc. towards; hostility, against.
on-·ġēan, av. back—ġewęnde on-ġēan, returned.
on-ġinn, sn. beginning.
on-·ġinnan, sv. 3, begin.
on-·liehtan, wv. illuminate, enlighten [leoht].
on·liehtung, sf. illumination, light.
on-·lūcan, sv. 7, unlock.
on-·middan, prp. w. dat. in the midst of.
on-sīen, sf. appearance, form.
on-sund, aj. sound, whole.
on-·uppan, prp. w. dat. upon.
on-weald, sm. rule, authority, power; territory.
on-·weġ, av. away.
open, aj. open.
openian, wv. open, reveal, disclose.
orgel-līce, av. proudly.
or-mǣte, aj. immense, boundless [metan].
or-sorg, aj. unconcerned, careless.
oþ, prp. w. acc. until—oþ þæt, cj. until; up to, as far as.
ōþer, prn. (always strong), second; other.
oþþe, cj. or—oþþe ... oþþe, either ... or.
oxa, sm. ox.
P.
Pāpa, sm. pope [Latin papa].
pęning, sm. penny.
Peohtas, smpl. Picts.
Philistēisc, aj. Philistine.
Pihtisc, aj. Pictish [Peohtas].
plegian, wv. play.
post, sm. post [Latin postis].
prēost, sm. priest [Latin presbyter].
pund, sn. pound [Latin pondus].
pytt, sm. pit [Latin puteus].
R.
Racentēag, sf. chains.
rād, see rīdan.
ġe·rād, sn. reckoning, account; on þā ġerād þæt, on condition that.
rǣd, sm. advice; what is advisable, plan of action—him rǣd þūhte, it seemed advisable to him.
ramm, sm. ram.
rāp, sm. rope.
rēaf, sn. robe, dress.
reahte, see reċċan.
rēċan, wv. w. gen. reck, care.
ręċċan, wv. tell, narrate.
ġe·ręċednes, sf. narrative.
ġe·rēfa, sm. officer, reeve, bailiff.
reġen, sm. rain.
rēþe, aj. fierce, cruel.
rīċe, aj. powerful, of high rank.
rīċe, sn. kingdom, sovereignty, government.
rīċetere, sn. (ambition), pomp.
rīċsian, wv. rule.
rīdan, sv. 6, ride.
riftere, sm. reaper.
riht, aj. right; righteous.
riht-līce, av. rightly, correctly.
riht-wīs, aj. righteous.
riht-wīsnes, sf. righteousness.
rīm, sm. number.
rīman, wv. count.
rīnan, wv. rain [reġen].
rīpan, sv. 6, reap.
rīpere, sm. reaper.
rīp-tīma, sm. reaping-time, harvest.
rōhte, see rēċan.
Rōme-burg, sf. city of Rome.
rōwan, sv. 1, row.
ryne, sm. course.
ġe·rȳne, sn. mystery.
S.
Sǣ, sf. sea—dat. sǣ.
sǣd, sn. seed.
sæġde, see sęċġan.
sǣl, sm. time, occasion.
ġe·sǣliġ, aj. happy, blessed.
ġe·sǣliġ-līce, av. happily, blessedly.
sæt, sǣton, see sittan.
sagol, sm. rod, staff.
ġe·samnian, wv. collect, assemble.
samod, av. together, with.
sanct, sm. saint [Latin sanctus].
sand, sf. dish of food [sęndan].
sand-ċeosol, sm. sand (literally sand-gravel).
sār, sn. grief.
sār, aj. grievous.
sāriġ, aj. sorry, sad.
sāwan, sv. 1, sow.
sāwere, sm. sower.
sāwol, sf. soul.
scamu, sf. shame.
scand, sf. disgrace.
scand-lic, aj. shameful.
sċēaf, sm. sheaf [scūfan].
sċēaf-mǣlum, av. sheafwise.
ġe·sċeaft, sf. creature, created thing. sċeal, swv. ought to, must; shall.
sċēap, sn. sheep.
sċeatt, sm. (tribute); money.
sċēawere, sm. spy, witness.
sċēawian, wv. see; examine; read.
sċēawung, sf. seeing, examination.
sċēotan, sv. 7, shoot.
sċieppan, sv. 2, create.
sċieran, sv. 4, shear.
sċip, sn. ship.
sċip-hęre, sm. fleet.
sċip-hlæst, sm. (shipload), crew.
sċīr, sf. shire.
scolde, see sceal.
scōp, see sċieppan.
scort, aj. short.
scotian, wv. shoot [sċēotan].
Scot-land, sn. Ireland.
Scottas, smpl. the Irish.
scotung, sf. shot.
scræf, sn. cave.
scrīn, sn. shrine [Latin scrinium].
scrincan, sv. 3, shrink.
scrūd, sn. dress.
scrȳdan, wv. clothe [scrūd].
scūfan, sv. 7, push—scūfan ūt, launch (ship).
sculon, see sċeal.
scuton, see sċēotan.
scyld, sf. guilt [sculon, sceal].
scyldig, aj. guilty.
scylen, see sceal.
Scyttisc, aj. Scotch [Scottas].
se, sē, prn. that; the; he; who.
ġeseah, see ġesēon.
sealde, see sęllan.
sēaþ, sm. pit.
Seaxe, smpl. Saxons.
sēċan, wv. seek; visit, come to; attack.
sęċġan, wv. say.
self, prn. self.
sęllan, wv. give; sell.
sēlest, av. superl. best.
sęndan, wv. send, send message [sand].
sēo, see se.
seofon, num. seven.
seofoþa, aj. seventh.
seolc, sf. silk.
seolcen, aj. silken.
seolfor, sn. silver.
ġe·sēon, sv. 5, see.
sēow, see sāwan.
ġe·sętnes, sf. narrative [sęttan].
sęttan, wv. set; appoint, institute—dōm sęttan w. dat. pass sentence on; compose, write; create [sittan].
sibb, sf. peace.
ġe·sibb-sum, aj. peaceful.
sīe, see wesan.
sīefer-līce, av. purely.
sīefre, aj. pure.
sierwung, sf. stratagem.
siex, num. six.
siexta, aj. sixth.
siextiġ, num. sixty.
siextiġ-feald, aj. sixtyfold.
siġe, sm. victory—siġe niman, gain the victory.
siġe-fæst, aj. victorious.
ġe·sihþ, sf. sight; vision, dream [ġesēon].
sifren, aj. silver.
simle, av. always.
sind, see wesan.
sinu, sf, sinew.
sittan, sv. 5, sit; settle, stay.
ġe·sittan, sv. 5, take possession of.
sīþ, sm. journey.
sīþian, wv. journey, go.
siþþan, av. since, afterwards; cj. when.
slǣp, sm. sleep.
slǣpan, sv. 1, sleep,
slaga, sm. slayer. [slēan, past. partic. ġeslæġen].
slāw, aj. slow, slothful, dull.
slēan, sv. 2, strike; slay, kill.
slęċġ, sm. hammer [slaga, slēan].
slęġe, sm. killing [slaga, slēan].
slēp, see slǣpan.
slōg, see slēan.
smæl, aj. narrow.
smēan, wv. consider, think; consult.
smēocan, sv. 7, smoke.
smēþe, aj. smooth.
snotor, aj. wise, prudent.
sōna, av. soon; then.
sorg, sf. sorrow.
sōþ, aj. true.
sōþ, sn. truth.
sōþ-līce, av. truly, indeed.
spade, wf. spade [Latin spatha].
sprǣċ, sf. speech, language; conversation [sprecan].
sprecan, sv. 5, speak.
spręnġan, wv. (scatter); sow [springan].
springan, sv. 3, spring.
sprungen, see springan.
stǣnen, aj. of stone [stān].
stǣniht, sn. stony ground [originally adj. 'stony,' from stān].
stān, sm. stone; brick.
standan, sv. 2, stand.
stēap, aj. steep.
stęde, sm. place.
stefn, sf. voice.
stelan, sv. 4, steal.
stęnt, see standan.
stēor, sf. steering, rudder.
steorra, sm. star.
sticol, aj. rough.
stīepel, sm. steeple [stēap].
stīeran, wv. w. dat. restrain [stēor].
ġe·stillan, wv. stop, prevent.
stille, aj. still, quiet.
stōd, see standan.
stōl, sm. seat.
stōw, sf. place.
strǣt, sf. street, road [Latin strata via].
strand, sm. shore.
strang, aj. strong.
strēdan, wv. (scatter), sow.
stręnġþo, sf. strength [strang].
ġe·strēon, sn. possession.
ġe·strīenan, wv. gain [ġestrēon].
strūtian, wv. strut.
styċċe, sn. piece.
sum, prn. some, a certain (one), one; a.
ġe·sund, aj. sound, healthy.
ġe·sund-full. aj. safe and sound.
sundor, av. apart.
sunne, sf. sun.
sunu, sm. son.
sūþ, av. south, southwards.
sūþan, av. from the south.
sūþan-weard, aj. southward.
sūþ-dǣl, sm. the South.
sūþerne, aj. southern.
Sūþ-seaxe, smpl. South-Saxons.
swā, av. so; swā, swā, as, like—swā ... swā, so ... as.
swāc, see swīcan.
swā-·þēah, av. however.
swefn, sn. sleep; dream.
swelċ, prn. such.
swelċe, av. as if, as it were, as, like.
sweltan, sv. 3, die.
swęnċan, wv. afflict, molest [swincan].
swęnġ, sm. stroke, blow [swingan].
swēor, sm. pillar.
swēora, sm. neck.
sweord, sn. sword.
sweord-bora, sm. sword-bearer [beran].
sweotol, aj. clear, evident.
sweotolian, wv. display, show, indicate.
sweotolung, sf. manifestation, sign.
swęrian, sv. 2, swear.
swīc, sm. deceit.
ġe·swīcan, sv. 6 (fail, fall short); cease (betray).
swīc-dōm, sm. deceit [swīcan].
swicol, aj. deceitful, treacherous.
swicon, see swīcan.
swift, aj. swift.
swīgian, wv. be silent.
swincan, sv. 3, labour, toil.
swingan, sv. 3, beat.
swingle, sf. stroke [swingan].
swipe, sm. whip.
swīþe, av. very, much, greatly, violently—cp. swīþor, rather, more.
swīþ-lic, aj. excessive, great.
swīþre, sf. right hand [cp. of swīþe with hand understood].
swulton, see sweltan.
swuncon, see swincan.
swungon, see swingan.
syndriġ, aj. separate [sundor].
syn-full, aj. sinful.
syngian, wv. sin.
synn, sf. sin.
T.
Tācen, sn. sign, token; miracle.
tācnian, wv. signify.
ġe·tācnung, sf. signification, type.
tǣċan, wv. w. dat. show; teach.
talu, sf. number [getel].
tam, aj. tame.
tāwian, wv. ill-treat.
tēam, sm. progeny [tēon].
ġe·tel, sn. number.
tęllan, wv. count, account—tęllan tō nāhte, count as naught [talu].
Tęmes, sf. Thames [Tamisia].
tempel, sn. temple [Latin templum].
tēon, sv. 7, pull, drag.
tēona, sm. injury, insult.
tēon-rǣden, sf. humiliation.
tēþ, see tōþ.
tiċċen, sn. kid.
tīd, sf. time; hour.
tīeġan, wv. tie.
tīeman, wv. teem, bring forth [tēam].
tīen, num. ten.
tierwe, sf. tar.
tiġele, wf. tile [Latin tegula].
tīma, sm. time.
timbrian, wv. build.
ġe·timbrung, sf. building.
tintreġ, sn. torture.
tintregian, wv. torture.
tō, prp. w. dat. (av.) to—tō abbode ġesętt, made abbot; time, at—tō langum fierste, for a long time; adverbial, tō scande, ignominiously; fitness, purpose, for—þǣm folce (dat.) tō dēaþe, to the death of the people, so that the people were killed; tō þǣm þæt, cj. in order that—tō þæm (swīþe) ... þæt, so (greatly) ... that.
tō, av. too.
tō-·berstan, sv. 3, burst, break asunder.
tō-·brecan, sv. 4, break in pieces, break through.
tō-·breġdan, sv. 3, tear asunder.
tō-·cwīesan, wv. crush, bruise.
tō-cyme, sm. coming [cuman].
tō-·dæġ, av. to-day.
tō-·dǣlan, wv. disperse; separate, divide.
tō-·gædre, av. together.
tō-·ġēanes, prp. w. dat. towards—him tōġēanes, to meet him.
tōl, sn. tool.
tō-·līesan, wv. loosen [lēas].
tō-·middes, prp. w. dat. in the midst of.
tō-·teran, sv. 4, tear to pieces.
tōþ, sm. tooth.
tō-weard, aj. future.
tō-·weorpan, sv. 3, overthrow, destroy.
trēow, sn. tree.
ġe·trēowe, aj. true, faithful.
trum, aj. strong.
trymman, wv. strengthen [trum].
trymmung, sf. strengthening, encouragement.
tūcian, wv. ill-treat.
tugon, see tēon.
tūn, sm. village, town.
twā, twǣm, see twēġen.
twēġen, num. two.
twęlf, num. twelve.
twęntiġ, num. w. gen. twenty.
Þ.
Þā, av. cj. then; when—þā þā, when, while—correlative þā ... þā, when ... (then).
þā, þǣm, &c., see se.
þǣr, av. there—þǣrtō, &c. thereto, to it; where—þǣr þǣr, correl. where.
þǣre, see se.
þǣr-rihte, av. immediately.
þæs, av. therefore; wherefore.
þæs, þæt, see se.
þæt, cj. that.
ġe·þafian, wv. allow, permit.
þā-·ġiet, av. still, yet.
þanc, sm. thought; thanks.
þancian, wv. w. gen. of thing and dat. of person, thank.
þanon, av. thence, away.
þās, see þis.
þe, rel. prn. who—sē þe, who; av. when.
þē, see þū.
þēah, av. cj. though, yet, however—þēah þe, although.
þearf, swv. need.
þearle, av. very, greatly.
þēaw, sm. custom, habit; þēawas, virtues, morality.
þeġen, sm. thane; servant.
þeġnian, wv. w. dat. serve.
þeġnung, sf. service, retinue.
þęnċan, wv. think, expect [þanc].
þēod, sf. people, nation.
ġe·þēode, sn. language.
þēof, sm. thief.
þēos, see þes.
þēostru, spl. darkness.
þēow, sm. servant.
þēow-dōm, sm. service.
þēowian, wv. w. dat. serve.
þēowot, sn. servitude.
þes, prn. this.
þiċċe, aj. thick.
þiċġan, sv. 5, take, receive; eat, drink.
þīn, see þū.
þing, sn. thing.
þis, þissum, &c., see þes.
ġe·pōht, sm. thought.
þōhte, see þęnċan.
þone, see se.
þonne, av. cj. then; when; because.
þonne, av. than.
þorfte, see þearf.
þorn, sm. thorn.
þrǣd, sm. thread.
þrēo, see þrīe.
þridda, aj. third.
þrīe, num. three.
þrim, see þrīe.
þritiġ, num. thirty.
þritiġ-feald, aj. thirtyfold.
þrymm, sm. glory.
þū, prn. thou.
þūhte, see þynċan.
ġe·þungen, aj. excellent, distinguished.
þurh, prp. w. acc. through; causal, through, by.
þurh-·wunian, wv. continue.
þurst, sm. thirst.
þurstiġ, aj. thirsty.
þus, av. thus.
þūsend, sn. thousand.
ġe·þwǣr-lǣċan, wv. agree.
þȳ, instr. of se; av. because.
þȳfel, sm. bush.
þȳ·lǣs, cj. lest.
þynċan, wv. impers. w. dat. mē þynċþ, methinks [þęnċan].
þȳrel, sn. hole [þurh].
U.
Ufe-weard, aj. upward, at the top of.
un-ārīmed-lic, aj. innumerable.
unc, see ic.
un-ġecynd, aj. strange, of alien family.
un-dēad-lic-nes, sf. immortality.
under, prp. w. dat. and acc. under.
under-cyning, sm. under-king.
under-·delfan, sv. dig under.
under-·fōn, sv. 1, receive, take.
under-·ġietan, sv. 5, understand.
undern-tīd, sf. morning-time.
un-forht, aj. dauntless.
un-for-molsnod, aj. (past partic.) undecayed.
un-ġehīersum, aj. w. dat. disobedient.
un-hold, aj. hostile.
un-ġemetlic, aj. immense.
un-mihtiġ, aj. weak.
un-nytt, aj. useless.
un-rihtlīce, av. wrongly.
un-rihtwīs, aj. unrighteous.
un-ġerīm, sn. countless number or quantity.
un-ġerīm, aj. countless.
un-ġesǣliġ, aj. unhappy, accursed.
un-scyldiġ, aj. innocent.
un-tīemend, aj. barren [from pres. partic. of tīeman].
un-ġeþwǣr-nes, sf. discord.
un-ġewittiġ, aj. foolish.
ūp, av. up.
ūp-āhafen-nes, sf. conceit, arrogance.
ūp-flōr, sf. (dat. sing. -a) upper floor, upper story.
uppan, prp. w. dat. on, upon.
urnon, see iernan.
ūs, see ic.
ūt, av. out.
ūtan, av. outside.
uton, defect. verb, w. infin. let us—uton gān, let us go!
W.
Wacian, wv. be awake, watch.
wǣdla, sm. poor man.
wæl, sn. slaughter—wæl ġe·slēan, make a slaughter.
wæl-hrēow, aj. cruel.
wælhrēow-līce, av. cruelly, savagely.
wælhrēownes, sf. cruelty.
wǣpen, sn. weapon.
wær, aj. wary.
wǣron, wæs, see wesan.
wæstm, sm. (growth); fruit.
wæter, sn. water.
wæter-sċipe, sm. piece of water, water.
wāfung, sf. (spectacle), display.
-ware, pl. (only in composition) dwellers, inhabitants [originally defenders, cp. węrian].
wāt, see witan.
ġewāt, see ġewītan.
wē, see ic.
ġe·weald, sn. power, command.
wealdan, sv. 1, w. gen. rule.
Wealh, sm. (pl. Wēalas), sm. Welshman, Briton (originally foreigner).
weall, sm. wall.
weall-līm, sm. (wall-lime), cement, mortar.
wearg, sm. felon, criminal [originally wolf, then proscribed man, outlaw].
weaxan, sv. 1, grow, increase.
weġ, sm. way, road.
weġ-fērende, aj. (pres. partic.) way-faring.
wel, av. well.
wel-willend-nes, sf. benevolence.
wēnan, wv. expect, think.
ġe·węndan, wv. turn; go [windan].
węnian, wv. accustom, wean [ġewuna].
weofod, sn. altar.
weorc, sn. work.
weorpan, sv. 3, throw.
weorþ, sn. worth.
weorþ, aj. worth, worthy.
weorþan, sv. 3, happen; become—w. æt sprǣċe, enter into conversation.
ġe·weorþan, sv. 3, impers. w. dat.—him ġewearþ, they agreed on.
weorþ-full, aj. worthy.
weorþian, wv. honour, worship; make honoured, exalt.
weorþ-līce, aj. honourably.
weorþ-mynd, sf. honour.
wēox, see weaxan.
wēpan, sv. 1, weep.
wer, sm. man.
węrian, wv. defend [wær].
werod, sn. troop, army.
wesan, sv. be.
west, av. west.
West-seaxe, smpl. West-saxons.
wēste, aj. waste, desolate.
wīd, aj. wide.
wīde, av. widely, far and wide.
widewe, sf. widow.
ġe·wieldan, wv. overpower, conquer [wealdan].
wierþe, aj. w. gen. worthy [weorþ].
wīf, sn. woman; wife.
wīf-healf, sf. female side.
wīf-mann, sm. woman.
wiht, sf. wight, creature, thing.
Wiht, sf. Isle of Wight [Vectis].
Wiht-ware, pl. Wight-dwellers.
wilde, aj. wild.
wildēor, sn. wild beast.
willa, sm. will.
willan, swv. will, wish; of repetition, be used to.
ġe·wilnian, wv. w. gen. desire.
wīn, sn. wine.
wind, sm. wind.
windan, sv. 3, wind.
wīn-ġeard, sm. vineyard.
winnan, sv. 3, fight.
ġe·winnan, sv. 3, win, gain.
winter, (pl. winter), sm. winter; in reckoning = year.
winter-setl, sn. winter-quarters.
wīs, aj. wise.
wīs-dōm, sm. wisdom.
wīse, sf. (wise), way.
ġe·wiss, aj. certain.
ġe·wissian, wv. guide, direct.
ġe·wissung, sf. guidance, direction.
wiste, see witan.
wit, see ic.
wita, sm. councillor, sage.
witan, swv. know.
ġe·wītan, sv. 6, depart.
wīte, sn. punishment; torment.
wītega, sm. prophet.
witod-līce, av. truly, indeed, and [witan].
ġe·witt, sn. wits, intelligence, understanding [witan].
wiþ, prp. w. dat. and acc. towards; along—wiþ weġ, by the road; hostility, against—fuhton wiþ Brettas, fought with the Britons; association, sharing, &c., with; defence, against; exchange, price, for—wiþ þǣm þe, in consideration of, provided that.
wiþ-·meten-nes, sf. comparison.
wiþ-·sacan, sv. 2, w. dat. deny.
wiþ-·standan, sv. 2, w. dat. withstand, resist.
wlite, sm. beauty.
wōd, aj. mad.
wōd-līce, av. madly.
wolde, see willan.
wōp, sm. weeping [wēpan].
word, sn. word, sentence; subject of talk, question, answer, report.
ġeworden, see weorþan.
worhte, see wyrċan.
woruld, sf. world.
woruld-þing, sn. worldly thing.
wrecan, sv. 5, avenge.
wrēġan, wv. accuse.
ġe·writ, sn. writing [wrītan].
wrītan, sv. 6, write.
wudu, sm. wood.
wuldor, sn. glory.
wuldrian, wv. glorify, extol.
wulf, sm. wolf.
ġe·wuna, sm. habit, custom [wunian].
wund, sf. wound.
wundor, sn. wonder; miracle.
wundor-lic, aj. wonderful, wondrous.
wundor-līce, av. wonderfully, wondrously.
wundrian, wv. w. gen. wonder.
ġe·wunelic, aj. customary.
wunian, wv. dwell, stay, continue [ġewuna].
wunung, sf. dwelling.
ġewunnen, see ġewinnan.
wyrċan, wv. work, make; build; do, perform [weorc].
wyrhta, sm. worker.
wyrt, sf. herb, spice; crop.
wyrt-brǣþ, sm. spice-fragrance, fragrant spice.
wyrtruma, sm. root.
wȳsċan, wv. wish.
Y.
Yfel, aj. evil, bad.
yfel, sn. evil.
ymbe, prp. w. acc. around; of time, about, at.
ymb-·scrȳdan, wv. clothe, array.
ymb-·ūtan, av. round about.
ȳterra, aj. comp. outer; superl. ȳtemest, outermost, last [ūt].
THE END.