The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire; a history of the Osmanlis up to the death of Bayezid I (1300-1403)

by Herbert Adams Gibbons

II. ALPHABETICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abderrezzah. Hist. de Schah-Roch, des autres enfants de Tamerlan et des princes leurs descendants. Trans. by A. Galland. Bibl. Nat., fonds fr. 6084-5. Same, with variations, 6088-9.

Abdul Aziz. Razoat-ul-Ebrar. History of Ottoman Empire from foundation to Sultan Ibrahim. Turkish. Unpublished and untranslated.

Aboulfeda. 1. Géographie d’Aboulfeda, trad. de l’arabe en français, et accomp. par notes, par M. Reinaud et M. Stanislas Guyard. Paris, Impr. Nat., 1848-83. 3 vols. 4to.

In his Dict. Bibl., under no. 3472, fol. 552-3, Hadji Khalfa gives list of Aboulfeda’s sources.

2. Aboulfedae Annales Muslemici, arabice et latine, opera et studiis Jo. Jacobi Reiskii. Leipzig, 1754, 4to. Copenhagen, 1789-94. 5 vols. 4to (ed. J. G. C. Adler). Pocock MS. trans. into Latin by J. Gagnier, Oxford, 1722.

Aboul-Ghazi-Bahadour-Khan. Histoire des Mongols et des Tartares, éd. et trad. par Baron Desmaisons. Petrograd, 1871-4. 2 vols. 8vo. Latin trans. by C. M. Fraehn, with Tartar text. Kasan, 1825, folio. French trans. Leyden, 1726, 12mo. German trans. Göttingen, 1780, 8vo, by Dr. Dan. Gottlieb Messerschmid. English trans. by Col. Miles, London, 1838, 8vo.

Aboulpharadji, Gregorius. 1. Syriac Chronicle, trans. into Latin by Bruns and Kersch. Leipzig, 1789. 2 vols. 4to.

This edition contains a continuation by an anonymous author from 1286 to 1297, which is most valuable for end of Seljuks of Konia.

2. The author trans. his work into Arabic, which was published from Bodleian MS. with Latin trans. by Edward Pocock, Oxford, 1663-72. 2 vols. 4to. Trans, from Latin into German, Leipzig, 1783-5. 2 vols. 8vo.

Aboul Youssouf Ibn Taghry. Elmanhal essafy. MS., Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds arabe, 748.

Used by Ch. Schéfer in establishing relations between Bayezid and Sultan Barkuk of Egypt.

Abul Fallah Fumeni. See Dorn.

Adelman or Adelmansfelden. De origine, ordine et militari disciplina magni Turcae. Date and place missing. Fol.

Adler, J. G. C. Editor of Abulfeda.

Aehrenfeld, Mosig von. German trans. of Safařík, P. J.

Aenaeas, Sylvius (Pope Pius II). Opera quae extant omnia. Basel, various editions. Fol.

Agostini, Giovanni. Istoria degli scrittori veneziani. Venice, 1752-4. 2 vols. 4to.

Ahlwardt, Wilhelm. Verzeichnis der arabischen Handschriften der k. Bibliothek zu Berlin. Berlin, 1887-94. 6 vols. 4to. Also edited Ibn al Tiktaki and Ahmed Ibn Yahia.

Ahmed Ibn Yusuf (Abul Abbas). Chapters 45 to 53 of his Universal History, which deal with Karamanlis, Seljuks, and Osmanlis, translated by Rasmussen, in Annales Islamismi, pp. 61-134.

Ahmed Ibn Mousa (Al Khayali). Religion ou théologie des Turcs. Trad. anon. 2nd ed. Brussels, 1704, 12mo.

Ahmed Ibn Yahia. See Ashik-pasha-zadé.

Ahmed Ibn Yahia (Al Baladouri). Arabic text of chronicle from Petermann MS. no. 633, of Berlin, edited and published by W. Ahlwardt. Leipzig, 1883, 8vo.

Ahmed Jaudat. Considérations sur l’histoire ottomane. Bibl. de l’École des lang. viv. orientales, 2^e série, vol. ix. Paris, 1886, 8vo.

Ahmed Mohammed, Sheik. Ed. Calcutta edition of Arabshah.

Ainsworth, W. F. Travels and Researches in Asia Minor. London, 1842. 2 vols. 8vo.

Aladdin Ali Ibn Kadi Said. Abridged Chronology of Ottoman Hist. Untranslated. See Hadji Khalfa, Dict. Bibl., no. 7754, fol. 1326.

Alberi, Eugenio. Relazioni degli Ambasciatori veneti al senato nel secolo XVI, raccolte et pubbl. da Eugenio Alberi. Florence, 1839-63. 15 vols. 8vo.

Ottoman Empire, 3 vols., 1840, 1844, 1855. Does not go back to our period. But there is an excellent glossary of Turkish words in the introduction to vol. i.

Alhard, Hermann Kummen. De imperio turcico discursus academicus. Ed. tertia, Hanover, 1689.

In Bibl. Nat., Paris, this book is bound with the Reiske ed. of Drechsler, and is wrongly attributed to Andrea Bosio on the title-page.

Ali (Mustafa Ibn Ahmed) or Muhieddin. Kunhu’l-Akhbar. Chronicle of Ottoman History up to Mohammed the Conqueror. Text published Constantinople without date. German trans. (from MS. brought to Emperor Ferdinand by Beck in 1551) by Johannes Gaudier. Latin trans. by Leunclavius and J. B. Podesta. Italian trans. by Geropoldi, Venice, 1686. See these four names.

Zenker, in his Bibl. Orientalis, Leipzig, 1846-61, wrongly calls Leunclavius a translation of Seadeddin, which has led into error Jorga, the latest historian of the Ottoman Empire. See his Gesch. d. osm. Reiches, i. 150, note 1 (Gotha, 1908).

Ali Ben Shemseddin. See Dorn.

Ali eff. Hilmi Al Daghestani. Catalogue in Arabic of Turkish and Persian books in the Khedivial Library. Cairo, 1888. 2 vols. 8vo.

Ameilhon, H. P. Histoire du Bas-Empire. Cont. by Lebeau, Chas. Tomes xviii-xxi. Paris, 1835-6. 4 vols. fol. Tomes xxii-xxix. Paris, 1781-1817. 8 vols. 12mo.

Apponyi, Graf Alex. Ungarn betreffende, im Ausland gedruckte Bücher und Flugschriften, gesammelt und beschrieben. Vols. i and ii, up to 1720. Munich, 1903.

Ed. limited to 125 copies.

Arabantinos, Panagiotis. Χρονογραφία τῆς Ήπείρου. Athens, 1856-7. 2 vols. 8vo.

Arabshah, Ahmed. Portrait du Gran Tamerlan avec la suite de son histoire. Trad. de l’arabe par Pierre Vattier. Paris, 1658, 4to. Arabic text, ed. Jacob Golius, Leyden, 1636, 4to. Also from collation of four MSS. by Sheik Ahmed Mohammed, Calcutta, 1812, 8vo. 2nd ed., 1818, la. 8vo. Latin trans. by S. H. Manger, Leovardiae, 1767-72. 3 vols. sm. 4to.

Slane in Notices et Extraits, 1^re partie, vol. xix, introd. lxxxviii, warns against trans. of Manger, and also his Arabic reprint.

Turkish trans. by Nazmi Zadé, Tarikh Timuri ghiurgian. Constantinople, 1729, 4to.

Arbaumont, d’. Ed., in collab. with Beaune, of Olivier de la Marche.

Arcq, Douël d’. Editor of Enguerran de Monstrelet.

Aretinus (Leonardo Bruni). Libellus de temporibus suis. Venice, 1475, 4to. 2nd ed., 1485.

Aristov. Bemerkungen über die ethnischen Bestandteile der türkischen Stämme und Völkerschaften. Petrograd, 1897.

Armain, M. MS. trans. in French of Hadji Khalfa’s Djihannuma.

Arnold of Lübeck. Continued Chronicle of Helmoldus.

Arnold, T. W. Editor of Encyclopédie de l’Islam. See Houtsma et al.

Aschbach, Joseph. Geschichte Kaiser Sigmunds. Hamburg, 1838-45. 4 vols. 8vo.

Ashik-pasha-zadé, Ahmed Ibn Yahia. Tarikhi-Ashik-pasha-zadé. Vatican MS.

Dervish Ahmed cites the book of sheik Yakhshi ibn Elias, imam of Orkhan. He writes in reign of Bayezid I. This is the nearest approach extant to an Ottoman source for the 14th cent. See no. 6 under Hammer.

Assemani, J. S. Kalendaria ecclesiae universae ... ecclesiarum orientis et occidentis. Rome, 1755. 6 vols. 4to.

Auboyneau, G. (in collab. with Fevret, A.). Essai de Bibliographie pour servir à l’histoire de l’Empire Ottoman: livres turcs, livres imprimés à Constantinople, et livres étrangers à la Turquie, mais pouvant servir à son histoire. Paris, 1911, fol., la. 8vo.

Of this work, planned to be an exhaustive Ottoman bibliography, only the first fasciculus, on Religion, Mœurs et Coutumes, has appeared. M. Auboyneau died in 1911. I have been unable to ascertain if M. Fevret intends to continue the work, for he is mobilised in the French army at present.

Augustinus Caelius (Curio). Sarracenicae historiae libri tres.... Frankfort, 1596, fol.

Aventinus, Iohannes. Liber in quo causae miseriarum, quibus Christiana resp. premitur, indicantur, Turcicaeque saevitiae reprimendae ratio declaratur. In Lonicerus, vol. i.

Avril, Adolphe de. La Bataille de Kossova, Paris, 1868, 12mo.

Ayas Pasha. Hist, des princes de la dynastie ottomane, précédée d’un abrégé de l’hist. des Selj. et des souverains du pays de Karaman.... 17th cent. MS., no. 1021, Schéfer col.

Baeca, Gaspar de. Spanish trans. of Paulo Giovio’s account of Timur in Clavijo.

Baedeker, Karl, editor. Konstantinopel, Balkanstaaten, Kleinasien, Archipel und Cypern. Mit 18 Karten, 50 Plänen und 15 Grundrissen. 2nd ed. Leipzig, 1914, 12mo.

Baiocensis, Petrus. Chronicon (1350-92). Basel, 1512, fol.

Baluze, Étienne. Vitae paparum Avinionensium ab 1305 ad 1394. Paris, 1693. 2 vols. 4to.

2nd volume contains documents.

Barbaro, Francesco. On efforts of Venetians vs. Osmanlis before capture of Constantinople, see Agostini, ii. 107-8.

Baronius, Caesar. For Annales Eccl., see Raynaldus.

Baschet, Armand. 1. Les Archives de Venise. Paris, 1857, la. 8vo. Amplified edition of same, Paris, 1870, 8vo.

2. Histoire de la Chancellerie secrète (de Venise). Paris, 1870, 8vo.

Bassett, R. Editor of Encyclopédie de l’Islam. See Houtsma et al.

Bassianato, Francisco. Latin trans. of Paulo Giovio.

Beale, T. An Oriental Biographical Dictionary. New edition, revised and enlarged by H. Keene. London, 1894, la. 8vo.

Beaune. Ed., in collab. with d’Arbaumont, of Les Mémoires d’Olivier de la Marche.

Beckmann, G. Der Kampf Kaiser Sigmunds gegen die werdende Weltmacht der Osmanen, 1392-1437. Gotha, 1902, 8vo.

Bekker, Immanuel. Editor of Chalcocondylas and Pachymeres in Bonn edition.

Belfour, F. C. English trans. of Macarius.

Belgrano, L. T. Documenti riguardanti la colonia di Pera. pp. 97-336, 931-1004; appendix with engravings and map of Pera; in vol. xiii of Atti della Società ligure di Storia patria. Genoa, 1877-84. 2 vols. la. 8vo.

Bellaguet. Editor of Chron. du Religieux de Saint-Denis.

Belli, Costi. Italian trans. of Ricaut.

Belon, Pierre. Les Observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses ... en Grèce, Asie, ... etc., rédigées en 3 livres. Paris, 1553, sm. 4to.

In second part is: ‘Les mœurs et façons de vivre en Grèce et en Turquie.’

Bembo, Cardinal Pietro. Historiae Venetiae libri XII. Aldine ed., Venice, 1551, fol. Numerous other ed., also Italian trans.

Berchet, Guglielmo. La Repubblica di Venezia e la Persia. Extract from Bolletino consolare, vol. ii. Florence, 1865, 8vo. Also editor of Marino Sanuto the Younger’s Diarii.

Berger de Xivrey. ‘La vie et les ouvrages de l’emp. Manuel Paléologue.’ In Mém. de l’Acad. des Inscriptions, vol. xix, partie 2, pp. 1-301. Paris, 1853, 4to.

Based on Bibl. Nat., fonds grec, no. 3041.

Bergeron, Pierre, ed. Voyages faits principalement en Asie dans les XII^e, XIII^e, XIV^e et XV^e siècles. The Hague, 1735. 2 vols. 4to.

Benjamin de Tudelle, Jean de Plan-Carpin, Père Ascelin, Guillaume de Rubruquius, Marco Polo, Hayton, Jean de Mandeville, &c.

Bernino, Domenico. Memorie historiche de ciò che hanno operato li summi pontefici nelle guerre contro i Turchi fino all’ anno 1684. Rome, 1685, 8vo.

Starts with Urban V, 1362.

Bertellus, Petrus. Imperatorum Osmanidarum Historia. Vicenza, 1699.

‘Paulus Iovius ne comparandus quidem ad hunc.’ Boecler, p. 103.

Bertrandon de la Broquière. Le voyage d’outremer, 1422-33, éd. par C. Schéfer. Paris, 1892, la. 8vo.

Blau, O. Die orientalischen Münzen des Museums der k. hist.-arch. Gesellschaft zu Odessa. Odessa, 1876, 4to.

Blochet, E. Cat. des MSS. orientaux Schéfer. Paris, 1900. Cat. des MSS. orientaux Decourdemarche, Paris, 1909.

Boecler, Jo. Henry. Commentarius Historico-Politicus de Rebus Turcicis.... Buda, 1717, 16mo.

In bibliography gives 317 titles of books on Turkey publ. up to 1704, but no oriental titles, and no MSS.

Boislisle, de. ‘Projet de Croisade du premier duc de Bourbon.’ In Bulletin de la Soc. d’hist. de France for 1872.

Bojničić, Ivan. German trans. of Klaić.

Bonaparte, Prince Roland. Documents de l’époque mongole des 13^e et 14^e siècles. (Documents lithographed.) Paris, 1895, la. fol.

Boner, Jérôme. German trans. of Bonfinius.

Bonfinius, Antonius. Rerum Hungaricarum Decades Quatuor (373-1495). Basel, 1568, fol. Hanover, 1606, fol. German trans. by Jérôme Boner, Basel, 1545, fol.

Bongars, Jacques (editor). Gesta Dei per Francos, sive orientalium expeditionum historia 1095-1420. Hanover, 1611. 2 vols. fol.

Bonincontrius, Laurentius. Annales ab 1360 ad 1458. In Muratori, xxi. 1-162. Milan, 1732, fol.

Borchgrave, Émile de. ‘L’emp. Étienne Douchan de Serbie et la péninsule balkanique au XIV^e siècle.’ In Bulletin de l’Acad. royale de Belgique, 8^e série, viii. 264-92, 416-45. Brussels, 1884, 8vo.

Bosio, Iacomo. Dell’ istoria della ... religione ... e militia di S. Giovanni Gierosolimitano. Rome, 1594-1602. 3 vols. fol. Other editions, Rome, 1621; Rome and Naples, 1629-34; of vol. iii, Rome, 1676, and Naples, 1695.

Vol. ii, from 1292 to 1522.

Bosquet, François. Pontificum Romanorum Avigniensium historia ab 1305 ad 1394. Paris, 1632, 8vo. (Documented.)

Bouché-Leclerq, A. French trans. of Curtius.

Boucicaut, Maréchal de. See Anon., Livre des faicts.

Boué, Ami. 1. Turquie d’Europe. Paris, 1840. 4 vols. 8vo.

2. Recueil d’itinéraires dans la Turquie d’Europe. Vienna, 1854. 2 vols. 8vo.

Bratutti, Vincente. Italian trans. of Seadeddin.

Brauner, Alois. Die Schlacht bei Nicopolis. Breslau, 1876, 8vo.

Bretschneider, E. 1. Notes on Chinese Mediaeval Travellers to the West. Shanghai, 1875, 8vo.

2. Mediaeval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources, fragments towards the knowledge of the geography and history of central and western Asia from the 13th to the 17th cent. (In Trübner’s Oriental series.) London, 1888. 2 vols. 8vo.

Briot. French trans. of Ricaut.

Brom, Gisbert. Guide aux Archives du Vatican. 2nd ed. Rome, 1911, la. 8vo.

Brown, Rawdon L. Calendar of State Papers ... in archives and collections of Venice, and in other libraries of northern Italy. London, 1864. Vols. i (1202-1509), xx, la. 8vo.

Browne, E. G. Cambridge Oriental MSS. Cat., Cambridge, 1900. Handlist of Gibb Col. of Turkish Books, ibid., 1906.

Bruns, R. J. Latin trans. of Abulfaradj in collab. with Kersch.

Bruun, Philipp. 1. Constantinople, ses sanctuaires et ses reliques au comm. du XV^e siècle. Extraits du voyage de Clavijo. Trans. from Spanish. Odessa, 1883, 8vo.

2. ‘Geogr. Bemerkungen zu Schiltbergers Reisen.’ In Sitzungsberichte der k. Bayer. Akad. der Wiss., 1869, Munich, vol. ii.

These notes, translated into English and revised, are given in Telfer’s trans. of Schiltberger.

Buchon, J. A. C. Editor of Froissart; Ducange; and anon., Livre des faicts de Bouciquaut. French trans. of Muntaner.

Bury, J. B. Editor of Gibbon.

Busbecq, Ogier Ghiselen de. 1. A. G. Busbequii omnia quae extant. Leyden, 1633, fol.

2. Epistolae Turcicae. Amsterdam, Elzevir, 1660, 12mo.

3. Life and Letters of, ed. by C. T. Forster and F. H. B. Danniell. London, 1881. 2 vols. 8vo.

4. De re militari adversus Turcas instituenda consilium. In Folieta, pp. 25-76.

Bustron, Floria. Cronica (1191-1489). Island of Cyprus. In Italian. Ed. by Comte de Mas Latrie, in Mélanges historiques, v. 1-532. Paris, 1886, 8vo. Also in Sathas, Bibl. graeca medii aevi, vol. ii. Venice, 1873, la. 8vo.

Cabasilas, S. Editor of Martin Crusius.

Cahun, Léon. Introduction à l’histoire de l’Asie: Turcs et Mongols. Paris, 1896, 8vo.

Cambiano, Giuseppe. ‘Historico discorso.’ In Mon. Hist. Patria Scriptorum, i. 930-1421.

Excellent for relations of Piedmont with the Levant up to 1560.

Cambini, Andrea. Commentario della origine de’ Turchi et imperio della casa ottomanna. Florence, 1527, 12mo (2nd ed. s. l., 1537). Also published in Sansovino, pp. 141-81.

Camerarius, Joachimus. De rebus turcicis commentarii duo accuratissimi, a filiis ... collecti ac editi. Frankfort, 1598, fol.

Campana, Cesare. Compendio historico ... con un sommario dell’origine de’ Turchi, e vite di tutti i prencipi di casa ottomanna.... Venice, 1597, 8vo.

Canale, Michel Giuseppe. Nuova istoria della repubblica di Genova. Florence, 1858-64. 4 vols. 16mo.

Cantacuzenos, John. See under Byzantine Historians.

Cantemir, Demetrius. Istoria imperiului Ottomanu. Rumanian trans. from Latin, by Joseph Hodosiu. Bucharest, 1876. 2 vols. la. 8vo. Eng. trans. from orig. MS. by N. Tindal, London, 1734, 2 vols. 4to. French trans., Paris, 1734; German, Hamburg, 1735.

Caoursin, Guillaume. Historia ... von Rhodis.... Strassburg, 1513, fol. Also found in his Opera, Ulm, 1496, fol. Anon. English trans. under title: History of Turkish Wars with Rhodians, Venetians, &c.... written by Will Caoursin and Khodja Afendy, a Turk. London, 1683, 8vo.

Caresino, Raphael. Continued Dandolo’s Cronica in Muratori, vol. xii.

Carli, Gio. Rinaldo. Italian trans. of Hadji Khalfa’s Chronological Tables.

Caroldo, Giovanni Giacomo. Chronique vénétienne. Bibl. Nat., Paris, MS. anc. fonds, 9959-63. Extracts from years 1362-4 are printed in Bibl. de l’École des Chartes (1873), xxxiv. 68-72.

Castellan, A. L. Mœurs, usages, costumes des Othomans et abrégé de leur histoire. Paris, 1812. 6 vols., 18mo.

Cecchetti, B. Collaborator with T. Toderini.

Cervarius, Ludovicus. De Turcarum Origine, Moribus et Rebus Gestis commentarii. Florence, 1590, 8vo.

Chalcocondylas, Laonicus. Λαονίκου Χαλκοκονδύλοὺ ’Αθηναίου ἀπόδειξις ἱστοριῶν δέκα Greek-Latin editions, see Byz. Hist, at end of bibliography. French trans. by Blaise de Vigénaire. Paris, 1662. 2 vols. fol. Latin trans. by C. Clauser and recension by I. Bekker (for Bonn edition).

I have found the Latin trans. very incorrect in many places: there are frequent glosses. (See Appendix A, first footnote.)

Champs, Eustache des. [Oe]uvres inédites de ..., ed. by Tarbé. Paris, 1849, 8vo (vol. i).

Chardin, Jean. Voyage en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient. Amsterdam, 1711. 10 vols. 12mo.

Charrière, Ernest. Négociations de la France dans le Levant, ou Correspondances, mémoires et actes diplomatiques des ambass. de France à Constantinople, ... Venise, Raguse, &c. Paris, 1848-60. 4 vols. 4to.

Chauvin, Victor. French trans. of Dozy’s Essay on Islam.

Chavannes, Édouard. Documents sur les Tou-kioue occidentaux. With map showing disposition of Turkish tribes of Central Asia. Petrograd, 1903, 4to.

Chazaud, P. P. Editor of Chronique du duc Loys de Bourbon.

Chevalier, Ulysse. Répertoire des sources historiques du Moyen Age. (Nouvelle édition, augmentée.) Paris, 1905-7. 2 vols. la. 8vo.

Most complete reference work in existence for bibliography of 14th Century Popes.

Cholet, Comte Armand-Pierre. Voyage en Turquie d’Asie. With map. Paris, 1892, 8vo.

Chytraeus, David. 1. Historia ecclesiarum in Graecia. Francfort, 1583, fol.

2. Narratio belli cyprii inter Venetos et Turcas. In Foglietta, pp. 96-111.

Cicogna, E. A. Storia dei Dogi di Venezia. 3rd ed. Venice, 1867. 2 vols. fol.

Clauser, C. Latin trans. of Chalcocondylas.

Clavijo, Ruy Gonzáles de. 1. Historia del gran Tamerlan, e itinerario y enarracion del Viage de la Embaxada que Gonzalez le hizó, por mandada del muy poderoso Señor Rey Don Henrique el Tercero de Castilla. Seville, 1582, fol. Madrid, 1782, 4to. English trans., by Clements R. Markham, in Hakluyt series, London, 1859, 4to. Russian trans., by L. Sreznavski, Petrograd, 1881, 8vo.

2. Extracts from above, describing Constantinople in 1403, translated into French with notes by Bruun, Philip, under whom it is listed.

Cognatus. See Cousin.

Collas, Louis. Histoire de l’Empire Ottoman. Paris, 1862, 16mo. Republished 1880, 1898. Fourth edition, revised by E. Driault, Paris, 1913, 32mo.

Colotendi. French trans. of Texeira.

Corregiaio, Don Marco U. Della vera maniera del vincere il Turco. Padova, 1571, 12mo.

Cournand, Abbé. French trans. of Abbé Toderini.

Cousin, Gilbert. Gilberti Cognati Chronicon Sultanorum et principum Turciae serie continua usque ad Solymannum magnum. Frankfort, 1558, 8vo.

Best consulted in vol. i, pp. 399 f., of Opera in 3 tomos digesta, Basel, 1562, fol.

Covino, Symon de. Bibl. Nat., Paris, MSS., fonds latin 8369-70: contemporary account of the Black Death of 1348 by a Paris physician, mostly in form of a hexameter poem.

Creasy, Sir Edward S. History of the Ottoman Turks. New ed. London, 1877, 12mo.

This abridgement of von Hammer has no historical value. It contains, however, an admirable chapter by Creasy himself on the legislation of Mohammed II.

Cribellus, Leodrisius. De expeditione Pii papae II in Turcas libri duo. In Muratori, xxiii. 21-80.

From MS. in secret archives.

Crusius, Martin. Turco-Graeciae libri octo ... quibus Graecorum status sub imperio Turcico in politia et ecclesia ... describitur.... Edidit S. Cabasilas. Basel, 1584, fol.

Book I contains political hist. of Constantinople from 1391 to 1578.

Cuinet, Vital. La Turquie d’Asie. Paris, 1890-5. 4 vols. la. 8vo.

Curtius, Ernest. Griechische Geschichte. 6th ed. Berlin, 1887-9, 3 vols. 8vo. French trans. of 5th ed., by A. Bouché-Leclercq, Paris, 1883-4. 5 vols. 8vo. Greek trans. by S. P. Lampros, Athens, 1898-1901. (Βιβλιοθήκη Μαρασλῆ.) 6 vols. 8vo.

The last volume, in all editions, covers our period.

Cusa, S. Ex codicum orient. qui in R. Bibl. Panormi asservantur catalogo. Panorma, 1878, 8vo.

Cuspianus, Johannes. 1. De Turcarum origine, religione et tyrannide. Leyden, 1654, 12mo (1st ed., Antwerp, 1541, fol.).

2. Oratio protreptica: qua Christiani ad bellum Turcicum excitantur. 1527. In Camerarius, fol. ed. of Frankfort, 1598.

Czinár, M. Index to Fejér’s Codex Diplomaticus.

Dandolo, Andrea. Cronica. (Venetian history from earliest times to 1339. Continued by Raphael Caresino up to 1388.) In Muratori, xii. 1-524.

Daničić, Gjuro. Rječik iz kniřevnich starina srpskich (Dictionary of the minor Old Servian Chronicles). Belgrade, 1863-4. 3 vols. 8vo.

Daniell, F. H. B. Collab. with Forster in editing and trans. Busbecq.

Daru, Pierre Antoine. Histoire de Venise. Paris, 1819. 7 vols. 8vo.

Datta, P. Spedizione in Oriente di Amadeo VI conte di Savoia. Turin, 1826, 8vo.

Davy, Major William. English trans. of Prof. White’s ed. of Persian text of Timur’s memoirs.

Dawson. English trans. of Nicolay’s Voyages.

Défréméry, Charles. Editor of Mirkhond’s Hist. of Sultans of Kharesm; and French trans. of Khondemir and Ibn Batutah.

De Goeje, M. J., and De Jong, P. Catalogus codicum orient Bibl. Acad. Lugduno-Batavae. Leyden, 1865. 3 vols. 8vo.

De la Porte, Abbé(?). Tableau de l’Emp. ottoman, où on trouve tout ce qui concerne la religion, la milice, le gouv. civil, et les grandes charges et dignités de l’Empire. Frankfort, 1757, 12mo.

Delaville Leroulx, J. La France en Orient au XIV^e siècle. Paris, 1868. 2 vols. 8vo.

Vol. ii contains ‘pièces justificatives’ and admirable bibliography.

Depping, J.-B. Histoire du commerce entre le Levant et l’Europe depuis les Croisades jusqu’à la fondation d’Amérique. Paris, 1830. 2 vols. 8vo.

Derenbourg, Hartwig. Les manuscrits arabes de l’Escurial. Paris, 1884. (Uncompleted.)

Deschamps, Eustache. Œuvres inédites d’Eustache Deschamps. Éd. par P. Tarbé. Reims, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo.

Volume i. 164-6 contains the remarkable ballads on the battle of Nicopolis.

Desmaisons, Baron. Trans. into French and edited Abul-Ghazi.

Dethier, P.-A. (in collab. with Mordtmann). Epigraphie von Byzanz und Konstantinopel (up to 1453). Vienna, 1864, 4to.

Dherbelot de Molainville. Bibliothèque orientale. Paris, 1697, fol.

Dieterich, Karl. Byzantinische Quellen zur Länder-und Völkerkunde (5.-15. Jhd.). Leipzig, 1912. 2 vols. 4to.

Selections, translated into German. In our field, at least, not well chosen, and of little value to the serious student.

Dieterici, Friedrich Heinrich. Chrestomathie ottomane, précédée de tableaux grammaticaux et suivie d’un glossaire turco-français. Berlin, 1854, 8vo.

Diez, H. F. von. German trans. of Sidi-Ali.

Djelal, Essad. Constantinople de Byzance à Stamboul: traduit du turc par l’auteur. Paris, 1909, la. 8vo.

Very unsatisfactory from historical and archaeological point of view for early Ottoman and Byzantine periods: but the second part gives an interesting study of Ottoman architecture of the post-conquest period.

Djelaleddin, Mustapha. Les Turcs anciens et modernes. Constantinople, 1869, 8vo.

Djemaleddin. Osmanli Tarikh. (Ott. hist. with bibliographical notice of the Ottoman historians.) Constantinople, 1896, 8vo.

Djemaleddin-al-Kifty. MS. of Seljuk hist. up to 1245 in Konia. Kasan MS., no. 155.

Djevad bey, Ahmed (Colonel). État militaire ottoman, depuis la fondation de l’Emp. jusqu’à nos jours.... Trans. into French by Georges Macrides. Only volume which has appeared is: Le Corps des Janissaires depuis sa création jusqu’à sa suppression. Constantinople, 1882, 8vo. With album 4to containing 311 pictures and designs.

Col. Djevad is the only writer who has used the oldest documents in the Ottoman Ministry of War.

Djevdet, Effendi. ‘Coup d’œil sur les monnaies musulmanes.’ Trans. from Turkish by Barbier de Meynard in Journal asiatique for 1862, p. 183.

Djuvara, T. J. Cent projets de partage de la Turquie, 1281-1913. Paris, 1913, 8vo.

Dlugosz, Johann. Historiae polonicae libri XII. Ed. by J. G. Krauss, with extra book, also in Latin, containing extracts from other early Polish writers. Leipzig, 1711-12. 2 vols. fol.

Dochez, Louis. French trans., abridged, of Hammer.

Domenichi, Ludovico. Italian trans. of Giorgievitz.

Donado da Lezze. Historia turchesca. (1300-1514.) Edited, with notes in Rumanian, by Dr. I. Ursu. Bucharest, 1909, 8vo.

This is a collation of two MSS., Bibl. Nat., fonds ital. 1238, and Arch. Nat. Fr., Aff. étrangères, Turquie, no. 2, fol. 410-517.

Donner, O. Sur l’origine de l’alphabet turc. In the Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakanskirja (Journal of the Finno-Ougrian Society), xiv. Helsingfors, 1896, 8vo.

Dorez, Léon. Editor of fragments of Sanudo the Elder in conjunction with Roncière, and translator into French of Morosini’s Cronica.

Dorn, B. 1. Muhammedanische Quellen zur Geschichte der südlichen Küstenländer des Kaspischen Meeres. Shireddin, Ali ben Shemseddin and Abul Fallah Fumeni, trans. and annotated by Dr. Dorn. 4th volume contains short stories of Khans by Persian, Arabic, and Turkish writers. Petrograd and Leipzig, 1850-8. 4 vols. 8vo.

2. Die Sammlung von morgenl. HSS. zu St. Petersburg. (Including Kasan MSS.) Petrograd, 1866, 8vo.

Dozy, Reinhart P. A. 1. Essai sur l’hist. de l’Islamisme. Trans. from Dutch by Victor Chauvin. Leyden, 1879, 8vo.

2. Cat. Cod. orient. Bibl. Acad. Lugd. Batav. Leyden, 1851-77. 6 vols. 8vo.

Draeseke, J. 1. ‘Michel VII’s attempt to reunite the Churches.’ Zeitschrift für wissensch. Theologie, 1891.

2. ‘Der Uebergang der Osmanen nach Europa im XIV. Jahrhundert.’ In Neues Jahrbuch für das klassische Altertum, xxxi, p. 7, fol.

Drechsler, Wolfgang. Chronicon Saracenicum et Turcicum. With additions by Reiskius and Bosio. Leipzig, 1689, 8vo. The original Chronicon is printed in Sansovino, i. 207-17, and in Augustinus Caelius, pp. 73-90.

Drinov, M. S. The origin of the Bulgarians and the commencement of their history. (In Bulgarian.) Philippopolis, 1839, 8vo.

Ducange, Charles. 1. Historia Byzantina. Paris, 1680, fol. Ibid., ed. par Buchon, Paris, 1826. 2 vols. 8vo.

2. Histoire de Constantinople sous les emp. français. Paris, 1659, fol.

Ducas, Johannes. See under Byz. Historians.

Dudik, B. Auszüge aus päpstlichen Regesten für Oesterreichs Geschichte, von 1308-1604. In Archiv für Oest. Gesch., xv, 185 f.

Dufresne, C. Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae graecitatis. Paris, 1682, 2 vols. fol. Leyden, 1688. 2 vols. fol.

Du Pont, Mlle. Editor of Wavrin’s Chronique d’Engleterre.

Du Verdier, Gilbert Saulnier. Histoire générale des Turcs. With Sultans’ portraits. Paris, 1653. 2 vols. 12mo; 3rd ed. 1662. Paris, 1665. 3 vols. 12mo. Lyon, 1682. 3 vols. 12mo. Ital. trans. by Ferdinando Servi, with additions from 1647 to 1662. Venice, 1662, 4to.

Ebeling, Fried. Wilhelm. Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches in Europa. Leipzig, 1854, 8vo.

Eckhardt, Franz. German trans. of Thallóczy, L.

Edrisi, Mohammed (Sherif). Géographie, traduite par A. Jaubert, Paris, 1836-40. 2 vols. 4to. Latin trans. by Gabriel Sionita and John Hesronita. Paris, 1619, 4to.

Arabic title: ‘The jewels touching the division of the countries.’ Hadji Khalfa, no. 12734, fol. 2142-3, says this work was composed for Roger of Sicily.

Egnatius, Jo. Baptista. De origine Turcarum. Paris, 1539, 12 mo.

Eichorn, J. G. Repertorium für biblische und morgenländische Litteratur. Leipzig, 1777-86. 9 vols. 8vo.

Engel, Arthur (in collaboration with Raymond Serrure). Traité de numismatique du moyen âge. Paris, 1891-1905. 3 vols., la. 8vo.

Vol. iii contains for our period coins of Balkan States, pp. 1399-1427; of Byz. Emp. and Trebizond, pp. 1408-9; and of emirates of Asia Minor, pp. 1421-2.

Engel, Johann Christian von. 1. Geschichte des Ungrischen Reichs und seiner Nebenländer. Halle, 1797-1804. 5 vols. 4to. I. Geschichte des alten Pannoniens und der Bulgarey (1797). II. Staatskunde und Gesch. von Dalmatien, Croatien und Slawonien (1798). III. Gesch. von Servien und Bosnien (1801). IV. Gesch. der Moldau und Walachey (2 vols., 1804).

2. Geschichte des Freystaates Ragusa. Vienna, 1807, 8vo.

Enguerran de Monstrelet. Chronique. Ed. by Douël d’Arcq. (Vol. i.) Paris, 1857, 8vo.

Erdmann, Franz von. Temudschin der unerschütterliche. Life of Djenghiz Khan. Leipzig, 1862, 8vo.

Pp. 172-84 contain translation of Resheddin, giving account of tribes of Asia at accession of D. K., which Erdmann had previously published as a trans. at Kasan, 1841.

Errante, Vincenzo. Storia dell’ Impero osmano. Rome, 1882-3. 2 vols. 16mo.

Eubel, Conrad. Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, sire Summorum pontificum, ... cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series, ab anno 1198 ad annum 1431 perducta. Regensburg, 1898, 1901. 2 vols. 4to.

Eustache Deschamps. Œuvres inédites. Vol. i. Ed. by Tarbé, Paris, 1849, 8vo.

Evlia Tchelebi. 1. Muntakhabat. Extracts from his voyages relating to Constantinople. Bulak (Cairo), 1848, 8vo.

2. Siyyah Nameh. Constantinople, various editions. Narratives of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Trans. by Joseph von Hammer. London, 1834-50. 2 vols. 4to.

Fabricius, J. A. Bibliotheca latina mediae et infimae aetatis. Hamburg, 1734-46. 6 vols. 8vo. Florence, 1856. 6 vols. 8vo. (A reprint of Mansi’s 1754 Padua edition.)

Fallmerayer, Jakob P. Editor of Michel Panaretos.

Febvre, Michele. Teatro della Turchia, dove si rappresentano i disordini di essa, il genio, la natura et i costumi di 14 nazioni che l’habitano.... Milan, 1681, 4to. Venice, 1684, 4to. French trans. by author, Paris, 1682, 4to.

Fehmi, Youssouf. Histoire de la Turquie. Paris, 1909, 8vo.

Fejér, György. 1. Codex diplomaticus ecclesiasticus et civilis Hungariae. Buda, 1829-44. 43 vols. 8vo. Chron. tables by K. Knaus, Buda, 1862, 8vo. Index by M. Czinár, Buda, 1866, 8vo.

2. Croatiae ac Slavoniae cum regno Hung. nexus et relationes. Buda, 1839, 8vo.

3. A Kunok eredete. (The Cumani.) Pest, 1850, 8vo.

4. Editor of Pray’s Commentarii.

Feridun, Collection of. Letters and answers of Ottoman Sultans to eastern monarchs and to their own subjects. Paris, MS. anc. fonds turc, Bibl. Nat., 79. Printed in Constantinople, 1847, 2 vols. fol. For list of letters, with description of contents, see Langlès, in Notices et Extraits, v. 668-9.

Fessler, Ignaz Aurelius. Geschichte von Ungarn. German trans. from Hungarian by Ernest Klein. 2nd ed., Leipzig, 1867-83. 5 vols. 8vo. (Vol. ii contains 1301-1457.) Publ. 1869.

Fevret, A. Collab. with G. Auboyneau in compiling bibliography for Ottoman History.

Finlay, George. History of Greece from the Conquest by the Romans to 1864. Edited by H. F. Tozer. Oxford, 1877. 7 vols. 8vo. (Vol. iv contains mediaeval Greece and the empire of Trebizond.)

Fiorini, Vittorio. Editor of new edition of Muratori.

Firnhaber, Friedrich. ‘Beiträge zur Geschichte Ungarns.’ In the Archiv zur Kunde österreichischer Geschichtsquellen, 1849.

Fitzclarence, George (assisted by A. Sprenger). Kitab Fihrist al-Koutoub. (A catalogue of Arabic, Persian and Turkish books relating to the art of war and to history.) S. l., c. 1840, 8vo.

Florinsky, P. T. 1. Joujnie Slaviane i Visantia vo vloroi tchetverti XIV veka. (The South Slavs and Byzantium in the 2nd quarter of the 14th cent.) 2nd ed. Petrograd, 1882. 2 vols. 8vo.

2. The Younger Andronicus and John Cantacuzenos (in Russian). Journal of the Ministry of Public Instruction, Petrograd. July 1879.

Flügel, Gustav. 1. Die arab., pers. und türk. Handschriften der k.-k. Hofbibl. zu Wien. Vienna, 1865-7. 3 vols. 8vo.

2. Latin trans. of Hadji Khalfa’s bibliographical lexicon.

Foglietta, Uberto. 1. De causis magnitudinis Imperii Turcici. Leipzig, 1594, 12mo. (1st ed., Rome, 1574.)

2. Historia Genuensium libri XII. Genoa, 1585, 4to.

Formanti, Neriolava. Raccolta delle historie delle vite degl’ imperatori ottomani sino a Mehemet IV regnante.... Venice, 1684, 4to.

Forster, C. T. Ed. and trans. Busbecq in collab. with Daniell.

Foscarini, Ludovico. Writings against the Turks found in Agostini, i. 65-107.

Fracassetti, J. Editor of Petrarch’s Letters: Italian trans. of the Senilium.

Fraehn, C. 1. Indications bibl. relatives ... à la litt. historico-géograph. des Arabes, des Persans et des Turcs. Petrograd, 1845, 8vo (Russian and French in parallel columns).

2. Fraehn was the first editor of Abul-Ghazi.

Franck, Sebastian. German trans. of anon. Tractatus de ritu et moribus Turcarum.

Franke, O. Beiträge aus chinesischen Quellen zur Kenntnis der Türkvölker und Skythen Zentralasiens. In Abhandlungen der K. preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaften. Berlin, 1904, 4to.

Franz pasha, Julius. Die Baukunst des Islam. 3rd vol. of 3rd part of the Handbuch der Architektur. Darmstadt, 1887, la. 8vo.

Frenzel, C. Ramon Muntaner. Berlin, 1852, 8vo. Halle, 1854, la. 8vo.

Fresne-Canaye. Voyage du Levant. Edited by H. Hauser. Paris, 1897, 4to.

Friedländer, Julius (in collab. with Pinder). Beiträge zur älteren Münzkunde. Berlin, 1851.

Froissart. Chroniques. 1. J. A. C. Buchon, ed. Paris, 1835. 3 vols. 8vo.

2. Luce, S., ed. up to 1377. Paris, 1869-82. 8 vols. 8vo. Continued and finished by Gaston Raynaud. Paris, 1884-99. 3 vols. 8vo.

3. Kervyn de Lettenhove, ed. Bruxelles, 1870-77. 25 vols. 8vo. Vol. xv (1871), 1393-6; vol. xvi (1872), 1397-1400.

Gagnier, J. Latin trans. of Pocock MS. of Abulfeda.

Galland, Antoine. Translations in MS. in Bibl. Nat., Paris, of Seadeddin, of Mirkhond’s Hist. of Djenghiz Khan, and of Abderrezzah (2 separate translations).

Ganem, Halil. Les Sultans ottomans. Paris, 1901. 2 vols. 8vo.

Garnier, J. Chambre de comptes de Bourgogne, in ‘Inventaire-Sommaire des archives départementales, Côte-d’Or, arch, civ.’ Dijon, 1878.

Gataro, Andrea. Historia Padovana, 1311-1506. In Muratori, xvii. 1-944.

Gaudier, Johannes. German trans. of Ali Muhieddin.

Gelčić, Joseph. 1. Monumenta Ragusina. Libri reformationum Tomus v (1301-36). In Mon. spect. hist. Slavorum merid., vol. xxix. Agram, 1897, 4to.

2. Collab. with Thallóczy in Relat. Ragus. cum regno Hung.

Géraud, Hercule, Ed. Chronique latine de Guillaume de Nangis de 1113 à 1300. Paris, 1843, 8vo.

Geropoldi, Antonio. Bilancia historico-politica dell’ impero ottomano, &c. Venice, 1686, 4to. Contains: Annali de’ Sultani Osmanidi scritti dal Gran Cancellier Ali: portati da C/poli all’imp. Ferdinando l’anno 1551 da Girolamo Bek da Leopoldstorf: Per ordine di Cesare tradotti in tedesco da Giovanni Gaudier Interprete Cesareo, in Latino da Giovanni Leunclavio, etc. Corretti poi, e confrontati con nuovi MSS. dall’ Auttore.

This is Ali Muhieddin. See under Ali (Mustafa Ibn Ahmed) above, and note accompanying. Also under Zenker.

Geuffraeus, Antonius (or Geuffroy). (Cheval. de S. Jean de Jérusalem.) Briefve description de la court du Grant Turc et ung sommaire du règne des Othmans.... Paris, 1543, 4to. (Reprinted in Schéfer’s ed. of Spandugino.) Latin trans. by W. Godelevoeus in Historia Belli Cyprii and in Petro Bizara, Bellum Pannonicum, Basel, 1573, 1578, 1596. German trans. by Nicolaus H. von Tauber, Basel, same dates. English trans. by R. Grafton, London, 1546. Italian trans., Florence, 1551.

Ghalib, Ismail. Imperial Museum: Catalogue of old Moslem coins. (In Turkish.) Constantinople, 1894, 8vo.

Ghillebert de Lannoy. Œuvres de ——, Voyageur, diplomate et moraliste ... recueillies et publiées par Ch. Potvin. Notes géogr. et carte par J.-C. Houzeau. Louvain, 1878, 8vo.

Gibbon, Edward. Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Ed. J. B. Bury. London, 1896-1900. 7 vols. 8vo.

Giorgievitz, Bartolomeo. 1. Prophetia de maometani et altre cose turchesche. Trans. by L. Domenichi. Florence, 1548, 12mo.

2. Pilgrimage to Jerusalem, Italian trans., in Lonicerus, vol. i.

3. De origine imperii Turcarum eorumque administ. et disciplina. Wittenberg, 1560, fol. Reprinted 1562. Also in Lonicerus, vol. i. Trans. into Dutch, 1544. (For editions, see Hauser ed. of Fresne-Canaye, p. 318.)

Giovio, Paolo. 1. Commentario delle cose de’ Turchi.... Addressed to Emperor Charles V. Rome, 1535; Venice, 1540; in Sansovino, pp. 226-45.

2. Origo Turcici imperii, vitae omnium Turc. imperatorum, ordo ac disciplina Turcarum militiae exactissime conscripta. Ex Italico Latinus factus Francisco Bassianate interprete. Paris, 1539, 12mo.

3. Vida del Gran Tamerlan. Spanish trans. by Gaspar de Baeca, in Clavijo.

Giustiniani, Agostino. Annali della repubblica di Genova. Genoa, 1537, fol. Modern edition, Genoa, 1855. 2 vols. 8vo.

Godefroy, Théodore. Editor of Jean d’Ursins and of Le Livre des faits de Boucicaut.

Godelevoeus, W. Latin trans, of Geuffracus.

Goesanus. See Ramus, Johannes.

Golius, Jacob. Editor of Elzevir edition of text of Arabshah.

Gonzáles. See Clavijo.

Gregoras, Nicephoros. See under Byzantine Historians, p. 367.

Gregorovius, Ferdinand. Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter, von der Zeit Justinian’s bis zur türk. Eroberung. Stuttgart, 1889. 2 vols. la. 8vo. Greek trans., with notes, by Lampros, S. P., Athens, 1904. 2 vols. 8vo. (In Βιβλιοθήκη Μαρασλῆ.)

Greiffenhag, André Müller. Latin trans. of Hayton.

Grigorieff. French trans. of Khondemir.

Guazzo, Marco. Cronica. Venice, 1553, fol.

Guérin-Songeon. Histoire de la Bulgarie depuis ses origines jusqu’à nos jours (485-1913). Paris, 1913, 8vo.

Guichenon, S. Histoire généalogique de la royale maison de Savoye (999-1643). Lyons, 1660, 3 vols. 4to.

Guignes, Joseph de. Histoire générale des Huns, des Turcs et des Mongols. Paris, 1756-8. 5 vols. 4to.

Guyard, Stanislas. Collab. with Reinaud in French trans. of Abulfeda.

Gycaud, B. (publisher). La Généalogie du Grand-Turc, ... avec l’origine des princes, &c. Lyon, 1570, fol.

Hadji Khalfa, Mustafa Ibn Abdallah, Kiatib Tchelebi. 1. Djihannuma (mirror of the world). A Universal geography, but does not include Europe. Uses 19 Arabic sources, but principally Abulfeda. Printed in Turkish, Constantinople, 1732, fol. Latin trans. in MS. by Mathias Norberg, at Lund, Sweden (see Toderini, iii. 135). French trans. in MS. by M. Armain, in Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds français, nouv. acq., nos. 888-9, with exhaustive index, and splendid introduction on life and work of Hadji Khalfa.

2. Geography of Balkan peninsula, trans. by Hammer under title Rumeli und Bosna, Vienna, 1812.

3. Kitab Kyachfaddyunoun an atamy alkontoub alfounoun: The Clearing of doubts concerning the names of books and sciences. A bibliographical dictionary, in Arabic, containing 13,494 titles, and referring to 25,614 works. Latin trans. from Vienna, Paris, and Berlin MSS. by Gustavus Flügel. London, 1835-42. 3 vols. 4to. French trans. in MS. in Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds arabe, 4462-4, by Petits de la Croix, 3 vols. la. fol., with minute index. M. de la Croix rightly boasted of his work that it was ‘traduit, recueilly et redigé avec grand travail, et grande assiduité et exactitude’. Arabic original in parallel columns.

4. Tuhfatu’l-Kibar fi Esfari’l-Bihar. History of the Maritime Wars of the Osmanlis. Publ. at Constantinople, with 7 maps, 1729, fol. A French translation of this printed edition by La Rocque is in the Leyden Library, MSS. orientaux, no. 1599. It is called: ‘Histoire des conquêtes des Ottomans sur les Chrétiens tant dans la mer Noire que dans la mer Méditerranée avec les noms des places et les circonstances des victoires.’ First part trans. into English by James Mitchell. London, 1831, 4to.

5. Takvimi-Tevarikh. Chronological Hist., in Turkish, Persian, and Arabic. Constantinople, 1733, fol. Italian trans. by Rinaldo Carli, Venice, 1697, 4to.

Zenker, following Reiske, regards Carli’s trans. as incorrect and unfaithful. But Toderini, iii. 145, vigorously defends Carli from this charge. Hadji Khalfa, in Dict. Bibl., no. 3474, fol. 553, calls this work of his ‘the erection of histories’, and describes how he compiled it.

Halle, J. Hungarica et Turcica ... betreffende Bücher und HSS., &c. Kat. XXXV. Munich, 1907.

169 titles before 1550 listed.

Hammer, Joseph von. 1. Geschichte des Osmanischen Reichs. Pest, 1827-34. 10 vols. 8vo. French trans. by Hellert, in collab. with author. Paris, 1843. 18 vols. 8vo and atlas, la. fol. French abridged trans. by Dochez, Paris, 1844. 3 vols., la. 8vo. Also Italian trans. by Antonelli, Venice, 1829. Concise English abridgment by Creasy.

2. Trans. of Hadji Khalfa’s geography of Balkans under title: Rumeli und Bosna.

3. English trans. of Evlia Tchelebi’s voyages.

4. Geschichte der Goldenen Horde. Buda-Pest, 1840.

5. De byzantinae historiae ultimis scriptoribus ex historia Osmanica elucidandis. In Commentationes of Kön. Akademie der Wiss., Göttingen, 1823-7.

6. Study on Ahmed-ibn-Yahia-ibn-Ashik pasha, in Journ. asiatique, vol. iv.

Hartmann, R. Editor of Encyclopédie de l’Islam. See Houtsma et al.

Hasdeu. Istoria critica a rominilor. Bucharest, 1875, 8vo.

Hase, C. B. See Manuel II Palaeologos.

Hauser, H. Editor of Fresne-Canaye’s Voyage.

Hayton, Frère Jehan. 1. Le Livre des merveilles et des royaumes. Illuminated MS. Bibl. Nat., fonds fr., no. 2810 réserve. A trans. into French by Nicolas Salcon, who received the story from the author’s own mouth. Les Fleurs des histoires de la terre dorient compillées par frère Hayton ... cousin du Roy Darménie, par le commandement du Pape. La première partie contient la sit. des royaulmes dorient environ 1300. Paris, 1475, 4to. Also in Bergeron.

2. Historia Tartarorum. In MS. Leyden, fonds latin, no. 66; Oxford, cod. Ashmol., no. 342.

Hazlitt, Wm. C. The Venetian Republic. New ed. London, 1900. 2 vols. 8vo.

Hecker, J. F. K. Der schwarze Tod im 14ten Jahrhundert. Berlin, 1832.

Hellert, J. J. Trans. into French and edited Hammer. Made atlas to go with his translation.

Helmoldus of Buzovia. Chronica Slavorum, seu Annales. Edited by Reiner Reineccius. Frankfort, 1581, fol.

All except first two books written by Arnold of Lübeck. About Slavs of central Europe in relation to Holy Roman Empire. Helmoldus’s chronicle ends 1150.

Hertzberg, Gustav Ferdinand. Geschichte der Byzantiner und des Osmanischen Reiches bis gegen Ende des 16ten Jahrhunderts. Berlin, 1883, 8vo.

Hesronita, John. Latin trans. of Edrisi in collab. with Gabriel Sionita.

Heyd, Wilhelm. 1. Beiträge zur Geschichte des Levantehandels im 14. Jahrh., in Festschrift zur 4. Säcular-Feier der Universität zu Tübingen.

2. Geschichte des Levantehandels im Mittelalter, Stuttgart, 1879. 2 vols. 8vo. French trans. by Furcy-Raynaud, Paris, 1885-6. 2 vols. la. 8vo.

Hezarfenn, Hussein. Kanounnamé. Dated 1673. MS. col. I. L. O. St. Petersburg, no. 10. French trans. by Petits de la Croix, under title ‘État général de l’Emp. ott., par un solitaire Turc’. Paris, 1695. 3 vols. 12mo.

Petits de la Croix does not give Hezarfenn as author, but I find in M. de la Croix’s MS. index to Hadji Khalfa’s bibliographical lexicon, in the Bibl. Nat., Paris, in vol. iii. fol. 186, in his own handwriting, the statement that Hezarfenn is the ‘solitaire Turc’.

Hirth, F. China and the Roman Orient: researches into their ancient and mediaeval relations as represented in old Chinese records. Leipzig and Munich, 1885, 8vo.

Hodgson, Francis C. Venice in the 13th and 14th Centuries. London, 1910, 12mo.

Hodosiu, Joseph. Rumanian translator of Cantemir.

Hody, H. De Graecis illustribus. London, 1742.

Hoeniger, Nicholaus von Koenigshofen. Der türckischen Historien und wahrhafften Geschichten, Thaten, Handtlungen, Krieg, Schlachten, Sieg, Belagerungen und Eroberung zu Wasser und zu Landt aller Staetten, etc.... bis auff das Jahr 1578. Basel, 1578, fol.

For 16th cent. in history, but reflects German ideas of the Osmanlis and their origin. The author calls the Prophet Mohammed ‘eyn Engel des Teufels’.

Holmes, George. Editor of 3rd ed. of Rymer.

Hopf, K. 1. Griechenland im Mittelalter und der Neuzeit. Parts 85 and 86 of Ersch and Gruber’s Allgemeine Encyklopädie. Leipzig, 1870. 2 vols. 4to.

A marvel of erudition, but marred by poor printing and lack of index.

2. Les Giustiniani, dynastes de Chios. Trans. into French by E. A. Vlasto. Paris, 1888, 12mo.

3. Veneto-Byzantinische Analekten, in Sitzungsberichte der Wiener Akademie, xxxii. Vienna, 1859, 8vo.

4. Chroniques gréco-romanes. Berlin, 1873, la. 8vo.

Houdas, O. Ed. and trans. Mohammed-en-Nesawi.

Houtsma, Th. 1. Editor of Seljuk texts, including Ibn Bibi.

2. Article on Seljuks in Encycl. Britan.

This has hardly been changed in the new edition, so reference to 9th ed. is satisfactory.

3. Editor, in collaboration with Basset, Arnold and Hartmann, of new Encyclopédie de l’Islam.

Houtsma, Bassett, Arnold, Hartmann, Editors. Encyclopédie de l’Islam. Dictionnaire géographique, ethnographique et biographique des peuples musulmans, publié avec le concours des principaux orientalistes, par Th. Houtsma, R. Bassett, T. W. Arnold et R. Hartmann. Leyden, 4to. Vol. i (A-D) appeared in 1913.

Houzeau, J.-C. Notes géogr. and map for Ghillebert de Lannoy’s Voyage.

Howorth, Henry H. History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century. London, 1876-88. 4 vols. 8vo. (Lacks index.)

Huart, Clément. 1. Konia: la ville des Derviches Tourneurs. Paris, 1897, 8vo.

2. Paper on ‘Épigraphie arabe d’Asie Mineure’, in the Revue sémitique, Paris, 1895, 8vo.

Huber, Major R. Map of Ottoman Empire, with administrative divisions and military routes. Constantinople, 1901.

Hussein (un solitaire Turc). See Hezarfenn.

Hussein Abu Halib. Persian trans. of Mongol or Turkish MS. found in the Yemen, which purported to contain the autobiographical memoirs of Timur. See under Anonymous, p. 366 ad fin.

Ibn al Tiktaka. History of the Islamic Empire (in Arabic). Ed. by W. Ahlwardt. Gotha, 1860, 8vo.

Ibn Ali Mohammed Al-Biwy. Dourar-al-Othman. ‘The precious pearls touching the source and origin of the Ottoman House.’ Hadji Khalfa, in Dict. Bibi., fol. 867.

This is the only Ottoman genealogy mentioned by Hadji Khalfa, although he gives more than sixty Arabic titles of genealogies.

Ibn Batoutah (Abu Abdullah). Arabic text of Voyages, edited and translated into French by C. Défréméry and B. R. Sanguinetti. Paris, 1853-9. 4 vols. 4to.

Vol. ii, 1854, pp. 255-353, gives Voyage through Asia Minor.

Ibn Bibi (Nasreddin Yahia). Seljuk-Namé. Persian original lost. An abridgement, in Persian, of the original is no. 1185 of the Schéfer MSS. in the Bibl. Nat., Paris, and has been edited and published by Th. Houtsma, in his Recueil de Textes relatifs à l’hist. des Selj., vol. iv, Leyden, 1892, 8vo. M. Schéfer translated several chapters of this MS. into French in Bibl. de l’École des langues viv. orientales, série 3, vol. v, Paris, 1889, 8vo. Turkish translation, as contained in Warner MS. 419, Leyden, and MS. turc 92, Bibl. Nat., Paris, edited by Houtsma in Recueil above cited, vol. iii, Leyden, 1891, 8vo. M. Houtsma promised a French translation, but it has never been forthcoming.

This is the work of which Nöldeke speaks in Zeitschrift der D. M. G., xiii. 170 (1859), as an unidentified work by an Ottoman historian of the reign of Murad II. As a matter of fact it is merely a translation, and was not written by an Osmanli.

Ibn Khaldoun. Universal History. The Prolegomena, Arabic text, are edited by Quatremère in Notices et Extraits, vol. xvi (1858), and translated by Baron de Slane in vol. xvii (1859). German abridged trans, by Thornberg in Nova acta Reg. Soc., vol. xii, Leipzig, 1844.

Idris, Mevlana (of Bitlis). Ilesht-Bihisht. The Eight Heavens.

One of the two earliest extant Ottoman histories. Written in Persian for Bayezid II about 1500. There is no translation, and complete MSS. are rare. But one has access, not only to the facts recorded and opinions of Idris, but also to his wonderful imagery, for Seadeddin has copied him copiously and, in fact, embodied many literal translations of Idris in his ‘Crown of Histories’.

Jacob, Georg. Türkische Bibliothek. Folk-stories. Berlin, 1904-5. 3 vols. 8vo.

Jaubert, A. M. Editor of Mirkhond’s Djenghiz Khan; and French translator of Edrisi’s Geography.

Jireček, Const. Joseph. 1. Geschichte der Bulgaren. Prague, 1876, 8vo.

2. Die Heerstrasse von Belgrad nach Konstantinopel, und die Balkanpässe. Prague, 1877, 8vo.

Jonquière, V^te A. de la. Histoire de l’Empire ottoman. Paris, 1881, 8vo. New edition, revised and enlarged, with excellent maps. Paris, 1914. 2 vols. 8vo.

Jorga, N. 1. Notes et Extraits pour servir à l’hist. des croisades au XV^e siècle. Paris, 1899-1902. 3 vols. 8vo. I. Comptes de la colonie de Péra. Documents pol. des Arch, de Venise et Gênes jusqu’à 1436. II. Archives de Vienne, du Vatican, de Naples, Florence et Raguse jusqu’à 1453. (Mostly Ragusa.) III. Venise et Gênes de 1436 a 1453. Traités, ... projets et exhortations,—opuscules jusqu’à 1453.

2. Philippe de Mézières et la croisade au XVI^e siècle. Fascic. 110, 2^e série, Bibl. de l’École des Chartes, vol. xviii. Paris, 1896, 8vo.

3. Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches nach den Quellen dargestellt. Gotha, 1908-13. 5 vols. 8vo. In Allgemeine Staatengeschichte, I, 37 Werke. (Vol. i up to 1451.)

Joseph ben Joshua, Rabbi (Sephardic). Chronicles (in Hebrew). Venice, 1554; Amsterdam, 1730. English trans, by C. H. F. Biallobotzky. London, 1835-6. 2 vols. 8vo.

Jouannin, J. M. La Turquie. In collaboration with Jules Van Gaver. Paris, 1840, 8vo. (Coll. Univers pittoresque.)

Jourdain, A. L. M. French trans. of Mirkhond.

Jovius, Paulus. See Giovio, Paolo.

Kállay, Benjamin von. Geschichte der Serben von den ältesten Zeiten bis 1815. Trans. into German by J. H. Schwicker. Buda-Pest, Vienna, and Leipzig, 1878-9. 2 vols. 8vo. (Einleitung ‘bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrh.’, i. 1-173.)

Kampouroglou, D. G. Ιστορια τῶν Άθηναίων· Τουρκοκρατία. Vol. i. Athens, 1899.

Kanitz, Felix. Das Königreich Serbien und das Serbienvolk von der Römerzeit bis zur Gegenwart. (Monographien der Balkanstaaten, vol. i.) Leipzig, 1904, 4to.

Karabacek, J. Das angebliche Bilderverbot des Islams. Vienna, 1876.

Karamianz, N. Verzeichnis der arabischen Hss. der K. Bibl. zu Berlin. Berlin, 1888, 4to.

Kasem bey, Mirza A. Trans. and ed. of Derbend Namé.

Katona, St. Historia critica Regum Hungariae. Buda-Pest and Klausenburg, 1779-1817. 42 vols. 8vo.

Keen, Mrs. A. English trans. of von Ranke’s Serbien.

Keene, H. Editor and reviser of Beale’s Oriental Biographical Dictionary.

Kern, Th. von. Editor of Anon. Chronik aus Kaiser Sigmunds Zeit.

Kersch. Latin trans., in collab. with Bruns, of Abulfaradj.

Kervyn de Lettenhove. Editor of most complete edition of Froissart.

Khalfin, Ibrahim. Turkish trans. of anon. memoirs of Timur.

Kheirullah. Hist. of Ottoman Emp. from foundation to Ahmed I (in Turkish). Constantinople, 1854. 2 vols. 8vo.

Khondemir. Habib Essher. History of the Mongols, in Persian. French trans. by Grigorieff. Petrograd, 1834, 8vo. Also partly trans. by Ch. Défréméry in Journal asiatique, Paris, 1852, no. 2.

Kiss, K. A’ Nikapolyi ülkoset. Thesis of Magyar Academy. Buda, 1855, 8vo.

Klein, Ernest. German trans. of Fessler.

Knaus, F. Chronological Tables for Fejér.

Knoelle, S. W. ‘On Tartar and Turk.’ In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, New Series, xiv. 125-59. London, 1882, 8vo.

Knolles, Richard. The general Historie of the Turkes to the rising of the othoman family, with all the expeditions of the Christian princes against them. Together with the lives and conquests of the othoman kings and emperors. 5th ed., with continuation from 1621 to 1638. 30 portraits. London, 1638. 2 vols. fol.

Koehler, G. Die Schlachten von Nikopoli und Warna. Breslau, 1882, 8vo. With 2 plans.

Kollar, A. F. Latin trans. of Seadeddin.

Konstantynowicz, Michail. Panietniki Janczari (Memoirs of a Janissary). Warsaw, 1828.

Trans. into French by Théodore d’Okszu. But I could find no copy of this trans. in the Bibl. Nat., Paris.

Koutbaddinmakky. History of the conquests of the Osmanlis (in Arabic verse). Turkish trans. by Mevlana Mustafa ibn Mohammed Khosreu-zadé.

Detailed description in Hadji Khalfa, no. 1795, fol. 324-5.

Krauss, J. G. Editor and continuator of Dlugosz.

Krumbacher, Karl. Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur (527-1453). 2nd ed. Munich, 1897, 4to. (9th vol. of Handbuch der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft.)

Kuhnel, Ernst. ‘Zur Geschichte der byzantinischen und türkischen Kunst.’ In Baedeker’s Konstantinopel und Kleinasien, 2. Aufl., 1914, pp. xliii-lxiv.

Kúnos, Ignace. ‘Chansons populaires turques.’ With Turkish text in Latin characters. Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenl. Gesellschaft (1899), liii. 233-55.

Kunstmann. Studien über Marino Sanudo den Älteren. Munich, 1855, 4to.

Kupelwieser, L. Die Kämpfe Ungarns mit den Osmanen bis zur Schlacht bei Mohacz. Vienna, 1895, 8vo.

Lacabane, Léon. See, on ‘Chroniques de S. Denis,’ in Bibl. de l’École des Chartes (1840-1), ii. 62.

La Croix. See Petits de la Croix.

La Garde de Dieu, L. de. Histoire de l’Islamisme et de l’Empire ottoman. Brussels, 1892, 8vo.

The author of this book took no trouble whatever to get at the facts of Ottoman history. It is more full of errors than a modern work has any reason to be.

Lamartine, A. de. Histoire de la Turquie. Paris, 1855. 8 vols. 8vo.

Lampros, Spiridon P. 1. Catalogue illustré de la collection de portraits des Empereurs de Byzance. Athens, 1911, 8vo.

2. Greek trans. of Gregorovius’ Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter.

3. Catalogue of the Greek MSS. on Mt. Athos. Cambridge, 1895, 1900. 2 vols. 4to.

4. Greek trans. of Curtius’ Griechische Geschichte.

Lane-Poole, Stanley. 1. Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British Museum, vol. viii. The Coins of the Turks. London, 1883, 8vo.

2. The Mohammedan Dynasties. London, 1894, 8vo.

This book contains an amplification of a paper on the successors of the Seljuks in Asia Minor, which appeared in vol. xiv, New Series, of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Soc., pp. 773-80. London, 1882, 8vo.

3. Catalogue of the Bodleian Library Mohammedan Coins. Oxford, 1888, 4to.

4. Turkey. In the ‘Stories of Nations’ series. London, 1888, 8 vo.

Langlès, L. 1. French trans. of the anon. memoirs of Timur.

2. Listing and translation of titles in the Collection of State Papers of Feridun, which see.

Lanz, K. Fr. W. German trans. of Muntaner’s Cronica.

Lardito, J. B. Historia del estado presente del imperio otomano, con un compendio de los progresos de la Liga Sagrada contra los Turcos. Salamanca, 1690, 4to.

La Roque. French trans. of Hadji Khalfa’s Maritime Wars, in MS. in Leyden Library.

Lavallée, Théophile. Histoire de la Turquie. Paris, 1859. 2 vols. 8 vo.

Lavoix, Henri. 1. Cat. des Monnaies musulmanes de la Bibl. Nat. (Vol. iii finished by M. P. Casanova.) Paris, 1887-92. 3 vols. 4to.

2. ‘Les Arts musulmans.’ In the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, Paris, 1875.

Le Bas, Ph. Asie Mineure depuis les temps les plus anciens jusqu’à la bataille d’Ancyre, 1402. Paris, 1863, 8vo.

This is the first part of Texier’s work in the series L’Univers pittoresque.

Lebeau, Chas. See Ameilhon, H. P.

Lebeuf, Abbé. Collab. with P. Paris in a paper on Philippe de Mézières.

Lefèvre-Pontalis. Introduction and commentary to the French trans. of Morosini.

Lemaître, Henri, ed. Gilles le Muisit. Paris, 1905, 8vo.

Le Quien, Michel. Oriens Christianus. Paris, 1740. 3 vols. fol.

Le Roulx. See Delaville Leroulx.

Leunclavius, Johannes (Johann Lewenklau). 1. Annales Sultanorum othmanidorum a Turcis sua lingua scripti Hieronymi Beck a Leopoldstorf Marci fil. studio et diligentia C/poli advecti 1551. Divo Ferd. Caes. opt. max. D. D. jussuque Caes. a Joanne Gaudier dicto Spiegel, interprete turcico, germanice translati. Joan. Leunclavius ... latine redditos illustravit et auxit usque ad annum 1588. Cum omnium memorabilium toto opere contentorum accuratissime elaborati.... Frankfort, 1596, fol.

A translation of Ali, and not of Seadeddin, as has been erroneously believed.

2. Pandectes historiae turcicae, &c. Notes in same volume with 1.

1 and 2 are reprinted in vol. clix of Migne’s Patrologia Graeca, Paris, 1866, pp. 572-922.

3. Historiae Musulmanae Turcorum de monumentis ipsorum exscriptae libri XVIII. Frankfort, 1591, fol.

Von Hammer, in his monumental work, is far more indebted to Leunclavius than to any other previous writer for the earlier part of his history.

Leuridan, E. Les châtelains de Lille. Paris, 1873.

Levec, Fr. Die Einfälle der Türken in Krain und Istrien. Laybach, 1891, 8vo.

Liliencron, R. von. Die historischen Volkslieder der Deutschen vom 13. bis 16. Jahrh. Leipzig, 1865-6. 2 vols., la. 8vo.

For songs on Nicopolis defeat.

Ljubić, Sime. Monumenta spectantia ad hist. Slavorum meridionalium. Agram, 8vo. Vol. iv (1358-1403), 1874. Vol. v (1403-11), 1875. Vol. v contains a supplement of documents from 1301-97.

Loeb, Isidore. Tables du calendrier juif depuis l’ère chrét. jusqu’au XXX^e siècle. Paris, 1886, 4to.

Longnon, Jean. Editor of anon. Chronique de Morée.

Lonicerus, Philippus. Chronicorum Turcicorum, in quibus Turcoman origo, principes, imperatores, bella, praelia, caedes, victoriae, reique militaris ratio ... exponuntur.... Frankfort, 1578, fol. Ibid., 1584. 2 vols. 8vo.

Contains reprint of Giorgievitz, Aventinus, et al.

Lot, H. 1. ‘Projets de croisade sous Ch. le Bel et sous Philippe de Valois.’ Bibl. de l’École des Chartes, 4^e série (1859), v. 503-9.

2. ‘Essai d’intervention de Ch. le Bel en faveur des Chrétiens d’Orient.’ Ibid. (1875), xxxvi. 588-600.

Luce, Siméon. Editor of Froissart, and of Chronique des quatre premiers Valois.

Lüdemann, W. von. Geschichte Griechenlands und der Türkei. Dresden, 1827. 4 vols. 12mo.

Macairas, Léonce. Cyprus Chronicle, Greek text with French trans., by E. Miller and C. Sathas. Paris, 1881-2. 2 vols., la. 8vo. The text alone is published in Sathas, Bibl. graeca medii aevi, vol. ii. Venice, 1873. (From 1193 to 1458.)

Macarius, Patriarch of Antioch. Travels of. Trans. from Arabic into English by F. C. Belfour. London, 1829-36. 2 vols. 4to.

Macrides, Georges. French trans. of Col. Djevad bey.

Maélath, Count J. Geschichte der Magyaren. Regensburg, 1852-3. 5 vols. 8vo.

Makrisi, Abu Mohammed. 1. Hist. des Sultans mameluks. French trans., accompanied by historical and geographical notes, by E. Blochet. (From the papers which appeared in Revue de l’Orient latin, vols. vi-xi.) Paris, 1908, 8vo.

2. Treatise on Mohammedan coins, composed between 1415 and 1420. Latin trans., with Arabic text, by O. G. Tychsen. Rostock, 1797. French trans. by A. I. Silvestre de Sacy, Paris, 1797, 12mo.

Makusev, W. 1. Italjanskie archiwy i chranjaschtschiessja w nich materialy alja slavanskoi istorii. (Italian archives and chronicles, and the materials in them for Slavic history.) Moscow, 1870-72, 4 vols. 8vo. (Vols. xvi-xix of Sapiski imperat. akad. nauk.)

2. Also contributed to Monumenta hist. Slav. merid.

Manavino. Italian trans. of Lonicerus.

Mandeville, Sir John. Voiage and travel, which treateth of the way to Hierusalem, &c., 1322-56. In Wright, J., Early Travels in Palestine, pp. 127-282. For French version, see Bergeron.

Manger, Samuel Henry. Latin trans. of Arabshah.

Manutio, Antonio (?). Viaggi fatti da Venezia alla Tana ... et in C/poli; con la descrittione ... di Città, Luoghi, etc. Contains, fol. 120-58, Libri tre delle cose de’ Turchi. Venice, 1543, 12mo.

Marche, Olivier de la. Mémoires. Ed. by Beaune and d’Arbaumont. Vol. i. Paris, 1883, 8vo.

Marco Polo. Le Livre de Marco Polo, citoyen de Venise ... rédigé en français sous sa dictée en 1298. Edited, with notes, by M. G. Pauthier. Paris, 1865. 2 vols., la. 8vo. Trans, into English and edited by H. Yale. London, 1875. 2 vols. 8vo. Wm. Marsden’s earlier English trans. has recently been republished in Everyman’s Library.

Markham, Clements R. English trans. of Clavijo.

Marsden, William. English trans. of Marco Polo.

Mas Latrie, Comte René de. 1. Histoire de Chypre sous les Lusignans. Paris, 1852-61. 3 vols. 8vo.

2. Editor of Florio Bustron’s Cronica, 1191-1489. (In Italian.) In Mélanges historiques, v. 1-532. Paris, 1886, la. 8vo.

3. Le Trésor de chronologie, d’histoire et de géographie pour l’étude et l’emploi des documents du moyen âge. Paris, 1889, la. fol.

4. Various papers on the commercial relations between Cyprus and Asia Minor in the 14th cent., in the Bibl. de l’École des Chartes.

I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness to 3 and 4 of Comte de Mas Latrie in my study of the emirates of Asia Minor.

5. ‘Liste des princes et seigneurs de divers pays, dressées pour l’expédition des lettres de la chancellerie du doge de Venise au XIV^e siècle,’ in Bibl. de l’École des Chartes, vol. 26, pp. 43 fol.

Maurer, Caspar. Ungarische Chronica oder Beschreibung von allen ungarischen christlichen Königen, wie auch Kriegs-Empörungen, Schlachten, etc.... mit den Türcken (1390-1661).... Nürnberg, 1664, 12mo.

Menavino, Giovanni Ant. I cinque libri delle leggi, religione e vita dei Turchi e della corte e d’alcune guerre del gran Turco. Florence, 1518 and 1551. Venice, 1548. Also in Sansovino, i. 107-36. German trans. by Heinrich Müller. Frankfort, 1563, fol.

Menavino was brought up as a slave-page in the serail of Bayezid II.

Messerschmid, D. G. German trans. of Abul-Ghazi.

Mexia, Pedro. Petri Messiae von Sibilia vilualtige beschreibung, Christenlicher und Heidnischer Keyseren, Kunigen, weltweiser Manneren gedachtnuszwirdige Historien, löbliche geschicht.... Basel, 1564, fol. German trans., by Lucas Zollikofer, of Mexia’s Historia imperial. Mexia’s account of Timur is reprinted in Seville ed. of Clavijo.

Mézières, Philippe de. Epistre lamentable et consolatoire sur le fait de la desconfiture (Nicopolis). In Kervyn de Lettenhove’s ed. of Froissart, xvi. 444-523.

See Appendix BB in Wylie’s History of Henry IV, iv. 323-6; also Bibl. de l’École des Chartes for 1873, and Académie des Inscriptions, xvi. 491 and xvii. 219; and under A. Molinier and P. Paris below. Title of citizen of Venice given June 22, 1365, recorded in Commemoriali, vol. vii, fol. 47 vº.

Michelant, Henri (in collab. with Gaston Raynaud). Itinéraires à Jérusalem, et descriptions de la Terre Sainte, rédigés en français aux XI^e, XII^e et XIII^e siècles. Geneva, 1882, 8vo. (Archives de l’Orient latin, série géogr., vol. iii.)

Migeon, Gaston. Manuel de l’Art musulman: II. Les Arts plastiques et industriels. Paris, 1907, 8vo.

Migne, J.-P. Patrologiae Graecae cursus completus. Contains the Byzantine historians, Ali Muhieddin and Leunclavius.

Mignot, Abbé. Histoire de l’Empire ottoman depuis ses origines jusqu’à la paix de Belgrade en 1740. Paris, 1771. 3 vols. 12mo.

Mijatovitch, Elodie Lawton. Kossova: an attempt to bring Servian national songs at the battle of Kossova into one poem. London, 1881, 12mo.

This is a translation, following Pavitch in general lines.

Miklositch, Franz. 1. Monumenta Serbica. Vienna, 1858.

2. In collab. with Müller. Acta et diplomata Graeca res Graecas Italicasque illustrantia. Vienna, 1865-70. 4 vols.

3. In collab. with Müller. Acta patriarchatus Constantinopolitani, 1315-1402. Vienna, 1860-62. 2 vols. 8vo. (Also republished as volume ii of No. 2 above.)

4. Bildung der slavischen Personen: Bildung der Ortsnamen aus Personennamen. Vienna, 1858, 4to.

Miles, Colonel. English trans. of Abul Ghazi.

Miller, E. Edited and trans., in collab. with Sathas, the chronicle of Macairas.

Miller, William. 1. The Balkans: Rumania, Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro. (In ‘Story of Nations’ series.) London, 1896, 8vo.

2. The Latins in the Levant: a History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566). London, 1908, 8vo.

Minotto, A. S. Acta et diplomata ex tabulario Veneto usque ad medium seculum XV. summatim regesta. Venice, 1870-74. 3 vols. 8vo.

Mirkhond or Mirkhwand. 1. Life of Djenghiz Khan. Persian text edited by Am. Jaubert. Paris, 1841, 4to. Three separate trans. into French by Galland are in the Bibl. Nat., Paris, in MS. fonds fr., 6080-83.

2. The History of the Ismaelians of Persia has been trans. into French by Jourdain.

3. A Latin trans. of the History of the Seljucides was published at Giessen, 1837.

4. The Persian text of the Hist. of the Sultans of the Kharesm was edited by Défréméry, Paris, 1842, 8vo.

Mitchell, James. English trans. of first part of Hadji Khalfa’s Maritime Wars.

Mohammed Ferid bey. Tarikh eddaulet il-Osmaniyeh. Hist. of Ott. Emp. (in Arabic). 2nd ed., Cairo, 1896, 8vo.

Mohammed-en-Nesawi. Histoire du Sultan Djelaleddin, prince du Kharezm. Texte arabe publié et traduit par O. Houdas. Paris, 1891-5. 2 vols. la. 8vo.

Molinier, A. MSS. de P. de Mézières, in Archives de l’Orient latin, i. 335-64 (Paris, 1883), or, separately, Genoa, 1881, 8vo.

Moncada, Juan de. Expedicion de los Catalanes y Aragones contra Turcos y Griegos. Madrid, 1885, la. 8vo. Barcelona, 1842, la. 8vo. Also in Tesoro de autores illustres, vol. iii, and Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, vol. xxi.

Moniferratos, Antonios. Διπλοματικαὶ Ένέργειαι Μανουὴλ βʹ Παλαιολόγου ἐν Έὐρώπῃ καὶ Άρίᾳ.] Athens, 1913, 8vo.

Monstrelet. See Enguerran de Monstrelet.

Montalbanus, Johannes Baptista. De Turcarum moribus commentarius. Leyden, 1643, 32mo. Ibid., 1654, 16mo. This work was first published more than a century earlier in the De origine, &c., of Cuspianus.

Moranvillé, Henri. ‘Mémoires sur Tamerlan et sa Cour.’ Bibl. de l’École des Chartes, lv. 433-64. Paris, 1894.

Reprint, in full, of the memoir of the Dominican Friar who brought letter of Timur to Charles VI, after MSS. in Bibl. Nat., fonds fr. 5624 and 12201. Text of this letter is reprinted and commented upon by A. I. Silvestre de Sacy in Acad. des Inscriptions (1822), vi. 470-522. Together with Clavijo and Schiltberger, the Dominican Friar gives contemporary evidence of highest value for the battle of Angora.

Mordtmann, J. H. 1. ‘Beiträge zur osmanischen Epigraphik. I: Inschrift von Mihalitsch.’ ZDMG. (1911), lxv. 101-6.

2. Collab. with P.-A. Déthier in Epigraphie von Byzanz und Konstantinopel.

Morel-Fatio, A. Chronique de Morée aux XIII^e et XIV^e siècles. Text, with French trans. Paris, 1911, 8vo.

Moris, M. French trans. of Diez’s German rendering of Sidi Ali.

Mostras, C. Dictionnaire géographique de l’Empire ottoman. St. Petersburg, 1873, la. 8vo.

Moukhlis Abderrahman. Enis out Moussamirin. Schéfer MS., quoted by him in Bertrandon de la Broquière, p. 170, n. 3, for the first Ottoman operations around Adrianople.

Mullach, A. Conjecturen. Berlin, 1852. (Corrects narrative of Ducas.)

Muller, G. Documenti sulle relazioni delle città toscane coll’ Oriente cristiano e coi Turchi fino all’ anno 1531. Florence, 1879, 4to.

Müller, Joseph. 1. ‘Byzantinische Analekten,’ pp. 336-419, in vol. ix of the Sitzungsberichte der k.-k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, hist.-phil. Kl., Vienna, 1852, la. 8vo.

2. ‘Über einige byzantinische Urkunden von 1324-1405.’ In vol. vii of Sitzungsberichte, &c.

3. In collab. with Miklositch, Acta et dipl. Graeca, &c.

4. In collab. with Miklositch, Acta patriarchatus C/politani.

Muntaner, Ramon. Cronica o descripcio dels fets é hazanayes del inclyt rey Don Jaime, etc. Trans. from Catalan into French by Buchon. Paris, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. German trans. in Bibl. des lit. Vereins, vol. viii. Stuttgart, 1844, 8vo. German trans. by K. Fr. W. Lanz, Leipzig, 1842. 2 vols. la. 8vo. See also Frenzel.

Muralt, Édouard de. Essai de Chronographie byzantine (1057-1453). Basel and Geneva, 1871-3. 2 vols. 8vo.

There is a wealth of erudition and research in this work. The bibliography, however, is very unsatisfactory, and one is frequently puzzled in verifying important references. Muralt confuses Arabshah with Sherefeddin, puts Ibn Batutah at 1320, and Shehabeddin at 1331.

Muratori, Ludovico Antonio, editor. Rerum Italicarum Scriptoree. Milan, 1732-51. 28 vols., la. fol. (For Florentine writers see Tartini.)

A new edition of Muratori, including Tartini, has just been completed by a body of Italian scholars, working at Rome under the direction of Vittorio Fiorini.

Mustafa Ibn Mohammed Khosreu-Zade (Mevlana). Turkish trans. of Koutbaddinmakky.

Nangis, Guillaume de. Chronique latine de 1113 d 1300. Paris, 1843, 8vo.

Naumann, Edmund. Vom goldenen Horn zu den Quellen des Euphrat. Munich and Leipzig, 1893, 8vo.

Nazmi Zadé. Turkish trans. of Arabshah.

Nedim. Munedjem-Bachi. Ottoman Hist, up to Mohammed IV. In 3 vols.

Nemeth, Julius. ‘Die türkisch-mongolische Hypothese.’ In Zeitschrift d. deutschen morgenl. Ges. (1912), lxvi. 549-76.

Against the hypothesis.

Neshri. The Vienna Codex, Hist. Osm. 15, is partly trans. by Th. Nöldeke in ZDMG., vols. xiii and xv (1859 and 1861). xiii. 176-218 contains the beginnings of the Ottoman family and its history up to death of Osman, xv. 333-80 contains Bayezid I. József Thúry, in Török Magyarkori Történelmi Emlékek, series 3, vols. i and ii, has translated most of Neshri. Budapest, 1893.

Nicephoros Gregoras. See under Byzantine Historians.

Nichandji pasha, Mehmet (the Little). Brief Hist. of Ott. Emp. up to 1560. In MS. Col. I. L. O., Petrograd.

Nicolay, Nicolas de. Les quatre Livres des navigations et pérégrinations orientales. Lyon, 1567, fol. German trans., Nürnberg, 1572; Italian, Antwerp, 1576; ibid., Venice, 1580; English, by Dawson, London, 1585; Dutch, c. 1590.

Niebuhr, B. G. Editor of Corpus Script. Hist. Byzantinae.

Nikiou, Jean de. Chronique, trad. française du texte éthiopien, par H. Zotenberg. Notices et Extraits, vol. xxiv, 1^re partie, pp. 343-587.

Noiret, Hippolyte. Documents inédits pour servir à l’hist. de la domination vénétienne en Crète de 1380 à 1485, tirés des Arch. vén. Paris, 1892, 8vo.

Nöldeke, Th. German trans. of portions of Neshri.

Noradounghian, Gabriel. Recueil d’actes internationaux de la Sublime Porte avec les Puissances étrangères. Tome i, 1300-1789. Paris, 1879, 8vo.

In Turkey there are no Archives d’état before the 17th cent. From 1307 to 1534 in this volume the editor merely refers to other books. His compilation is of no value until 1535 for furnishing source material for Ottoman History.

Norberg, Matthias. Latin trans. of Hadji Khalfa’s Djihannuma.

Novakovitch, Stojan. Kosova, Srbske narodne pjesmé o boju na Kosova. Belgrade, 1871, 8vo; also Agram, 1872, and Belgrade, 1876.

Attempt to bring fragments of folksong into one narrative of battle of Kossova.

Oesterly, Hermann. Wegweiser durch die Literatur der Urkundensammlungen. Berlin, 1882. 2 vols. la. 8vo.

Ohsson, Ignace Mouradja d’. 1. Tableau général de l’Empire ottoman. Paris, 1788-1824. 7 vols. 8vo.

This work, interrupted by the Revolution and the author’s death, was completed, after d’Ohsson’s notes, by his son Charles. Vols. v-vii appeared in 1824.

2. Histoire des Mongols depuis Ghengiz Khan jusqu’à Timour Bey. Amsterdam, 1852. 4 vols. 8vo.

Oksza, Théodore d’. Editor and French trans. of Konstantynowicz.

Olivieri, A. Carte e chronache manoscritte per la storia genovese esistenti nella bibl. della R. Università ligure. Genoa, 1855, 8vo.

Omont, Henri. Documents sur l’imprimerie à Constantinople au XVIII^e siècle. In the Revue des Bibliothèques, Paris, July-September, 1895.

Orbini, Dom Mauro. Il Regno degli Slavi, hoggi corrottamente detti Schiavoni. Pesaro, 1601, fol.

Ortellius, Abrahamus. 1. Synonymia Geographica.... Antwerp, 1578, 4to.

2. Theatrum orbis terrarum. Antwerp, 1579, la. fol.

3. Thesaurus geographicus ... nomina, &c. Antwerp, 1587, fol.

Pachymeres. See under Byzantine Historians, p. 367.

Pagano, C. Delle imprese e del dominio dei Genovesi nella Grecia. Genoa, 1846, 8vo.

Palaeologos, Manuel. Dialogi XXVI cum Persa quodam de Christianae religionis veritate. Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds grec, no. 1253.

C. B. Hase, in Notices et Extraits, vol. viii, 2^e partie, pp. 309-82, gives interesting critical account of this MS., with Greek text and Latin trans. of first two dialogues. The dialogues were with a Moslem Hodja, probably in 1390, when Man. Pal. was serving in the Ottoman army at Angora.

Most valuable description of Bayezid’s court and eloquent testimony to the humiliation of the Byzantine imperial family.

For other works of M. Palaeologos, see Migne, Patrologia Graeca, clvi. 82-580.

Panaretos, Michail. Περὶ τῶν τῆς Τραπεζοῦντος βασιλέων τῶν Μεγάλων Κομνηνῶν. Chronological account of Trebizond (1204-1386), with a continuation to 1424.

Edited by J. F. Tafel, in the Opuscula of Eusthasius of Thessalonika, pp. 362-70, Frankfort, 1832, 4to. Also by Fallmerayer, in Abhandlung der k. Bayerischen Akad. der Wissenschaften, Munich, 1844, 8vo.

Paparregopoulos, K. Ιστορία τοῦ Έλληνικοῦ ἔθνους ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχαιοτάτων χρόνων μέχρι τῶν νεωτέρων. Athens, 1865-74. 5 vols. 8vo. 4th edition, revised by P. Karolides, Athens, 1903.

Paris, P. (In collab. with Abbé Lebeuf.) ‘La Vie et les Voyages de Philippe de Mézières.’ Mém. de l’Académie des Inscriptions, nouv. série, vol. xv, 1^re partie, pp. 359-98.

Parisot, Val. Cantacuzène, homme d’état et historien, ou examen critique comparatif des ‘Mémoires’ de J. C. et des sources contemporaines. Paris, 1845, 8vo.

Parvillée. Architecture et décoration turques au XV^e siècle. With preface by Viollet-le-Duc. Paris, 1874, la. fol.

It was Parvillée who, under Ahmed Vewfik pasha, restored the monuments of Brusa.

Pauthier, M. G. Editor of Marco Polo.

Pavitch, A. Narodne Pjesme o boju na Kosova, 1389. In Mem. of the Acad. of Sciences and Arts of Agram. Agram, 1877, 8vo.

A critical essay on the national songs of the Servians, followed by a narrative in verse, combining the songs which deal with Kossova.

Perondino, Pietro (Pratense). Magni Tamerlanis Scytharum imperatoris vita. Florence, 1553, fol.; Basel, 1556, fol.

Pertsch, Wilhelm. Verzeichniss der türkischen Hss. der k. Bibl. zu Berlin. Berlin, 1899.

Petits de la Croix. 1. Abrégé de l’hist. ottomane. Paris, 1768. 2 vols. 12mo.

2. French trans. of Hussein Hezarfenn.

3. French trans. in MS. of Hadji Khalfa’s lexicon under title Dictionnaire bibliographique. In the Bibl. Nat., Paris.

4. French trans. of Sherefeddin’s hist. of Timur.

Petrarca, Francesco. Epistolae de rebus familiaribus et variae.... Stud. et cura J. Fracassetti. Florence, 1859-63. 3 vols. 8vo. Italian trans. of Senilium by the same author. Florence, 1869-70. 2 vols. 12mo.

Pfeiffer, David. Imperatores Turcici, Libellus de Vita, Progressu et rebus gestis principum.... Basel, before 1550, 12mo. Reprinted under title Imperatores Ottomannici, Basel and Wittenberg, 1587, 8vo.

Eulogy of Ottoman sultans in verse.

Phrantzes, George. See under Byz. Historians.

Picot, Émile. 1. Editor and French trans. of Urechi’s Rumanian chronicle.

2. Généalogie de la famille Brankovitch, in Columna lui Traianu, new series, 4th year, Jan.-Feb. 1883, pp. 64 f. Bucharest, 8vo.

Pigeonneau, Henri. Histoire du commerce de la France. Vol. i. Paris, 1885, 8vo.

Pinder, M. Collab. with Friedländer in numismatic work.

Pocock, Edward. Editor and English translator of Abulfaradji.

Podesta, Jo. Baptista. 1. Trans. from the Turkish De gestis Tamerlanis.

2. Translatae Turcicae Chronicae. Pars prima, continens originem Ottomanicae stirpis, undecimque eiusdem stirpis Imperatorum gesta, iuxta traditionem Turcarum. Omnia a praenominato authore ex originali Turcico in Latinam, Italicam et Germanicam linguam translata. Nürnberg, 1672, fol. But only into Latin.

A trans. from diff. MSS. of Ali. But Bratutti’s trans. of Scadeddin has been used for interpolations and corrections or additions.

Pogodin, P. Übersicht der Quellen zur Geschichte der Belagerung von Byzanz durch die Türken. Journal of the Ministry of Public Instruction, St. Petersburg, August 1889.

Polo, Marco. See Marco Polo.

Pór, A. (in collab. with G. Schönherr.) Volume covering period 1301-1429 in Szilagyi’s A Magyar Nemzet Története. (History of the Hungarian Nation.) Budapest, 1895, la. 8vo.

Possinus, Petrus, S. J. Notes to Pachymeres.

Postansque, A. De libro secretorum fidelium crucis. (For Marino Sanudo.) Montpellier, 1854, 8vo.

Postellus, Guillaume. 1. De la Republique des Turcz ... exposant la manière de lever et nourir ceulx dont on en guerre se serft, avec son origine, estatz, Revenu et Domeyne, en brief. Dédié à François Premier. Bibl. Nat., Paris, MS. fonds fr., no. 6073. (Written c. 1520.) Published: Poitiers, 1560, 8vo.

2. De originibus Gentium Orientalium, maxime Turcarum. Basel, 1540, 8vo.

This Latin text differs from 1, so I have listed it as a separate work.

Potthast, A. Bibliotheca Historica Medii Aevi. Berlin, 1896. 2 vols. 4to.

Vol. ii. 1047-1735 contains a very suggestive (but not thorough) Quellenkunde für die Geschichte der europäischen Staaten während des Mittelalters.

Potvin, Charles. Editor of Ghillebert de Lannoy.

Pray, George. 1. Annales regum Hungariae, ab an. 997 ad an. 1564 deducti. Vienna, 1754-74. 5 vols. 8vo. (Vol. ii, 1301-1457.)

2. Commentarii historici de Bosniae, Serviae ac Bulgariae, tum Valachiae, Moldaviae ac Bessarabiae, cum regno Hungariae nexu. Edited, with documents, by G. Fejér. Buda, 1837, 8vo.

Predelli, Riccardo. 1. (In collaboration with Thomas.) Diplomatarium Veneto-Levantinum, sive acta et diplomata res Venetas, Graecas atque Levantinas illustrantia a 1300 ad 1454. Venice, 1880, 1899. 2 vols. 4to.

2. Editor of I libri commemoriali della republica di Venezia regesti. Vols. 1-3 (1081-1375), in Monumenti storici della deput. Veneta, series I, Venice, 1876, 8vo.

Pučič, Medo. Spomenitzi Srbski od 1395 do 1423. Belgrade, 1859.

Quatremère, Étienne. French trans. of Shehabeddin, Makrisi, and Reshideddin (unfinished). Editor of the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldun.

Rački, Francis. Documenta historiae Croatiae periodum antiquam illustrantia. Agram, 1877.

Raič. Hist. variorum Slavorum, imprimis Bulgarorum, Chrobatorum et Serborum. Buda, 1823.

Raimboult, Maurice. ‘Les dessous d’un traité d’alliance en 1350.’ Bulletin historique et philologique, Paris, 1902.

Notice on two documents: 1. Latin text of project of treaty between Pope, Cyprus, Venice, and Rhodes, of which Mas Latrie, Hist. de Chypre, ii. 217, published the text after Commemoriali, vols. iv and v. 2. Unpublished Provençal text of letter which set forth in detail difficulties of getting this treaty signed, from MS. in Arch. des Bouches-du-Rhône, Fonds de Malte, liasse 86.

Rambaud, Alfred. ‘L’Europe du Sud-Est: Fin de l’Empire grec.—Fondation de l’Empire ottoman (1282-1481).’ In Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire générale, iii. 789-868. Paris, 1894, la. 8vo.

Ramsay, Sir W. M. Historical Geography of Asia Minor, with 5 maps. London, 1890, la. 8vo.

Ramus, Johannes (Goesanus). De Rebus Turcicis libri tres. Louvain, 1553, 12mo. The first book of the three is by Secundinus.

Ranke, Leopold von. History of Servia and the Servian Revolution. Trans. by Mrs. A. Keen. London, 1858, 16mo.

First chapter contains an illuminating résumé of relations between Byzantium and Serbia in middle of 14th cent.

Rasmussen, Janus Lassen. Annales islamismi, sive tabulae synchronistochronologicae Chaliforum et regum orientis et occidentis. Copenhagen, 1825, sm. 4to. Contains, pp. 61-134, trans. of Ahmed ben Yussuf, Historia Turcarum, Karamanorum, Selgiukudarum, Asiae Minoris, &c.

Raynaldus, Odericus. Annales ecclesiastici ... Baronii ... ab anno 1198. Tomes xiii-xxi. Rome, 1646-77. 9 vols. fol. Lucca, 1746-56. 15 vols. fol.

There have been so many editions, abridgements, and translations of the Annales that I have given my references to this work under the year, so that any edition might be consulted.

Raynaud, Gaston. Editor of Froissart, and, with Michelant, of the Jerusalem Itineraries.

Raynaud, Furcy. French trans. of Heyd’s Levantehandelsgeschichte.

Reinaud, J. T. French trans. of Abulfeda.

Reineccius, Reiner. Editor of Helmoldus and Arnold of Lübeck.

Reiske, Jo. Jacob. Latin trans. of Abulfeda and Chronological Tables of Hadji Khalfa; editor of Drechsler.

Rémusat, Abel. Recherches sur les langues tartares. Paris, 1820, 4to.

Rennell, J. Treatise of the Comparative Geography of Western Asia. Vol. i. Asia Minor. London, 1831, 8vo.

Reshideddin, Fadhl Allah. Djami ut Tevarikh. Hist. of the Mongols of Persia. Quatremère trans. into French the first part, Paris, 1836, la. fol. Erdmann trans. into German the review of the various tribes of Asia at accession of Djenghiz Khan, with account of their origin. Kasan, 1841. In his German life of Timur, pp. 172-84, Erdmann practically repeats this portion verbatim.

The earlier portion of Abul-Ghazi is practically an abridgement of Reshid.

Reusner, Nicholas. Epistolarum Turcicarum variorum et diversorum authorum libri XIV. Frankfort, 1598-9. 4 vols. 4to.

‘in quibus Epistolae de rebus Turcicis summorum pontificum, imperatorum, regum, principum ... ad nostra tempora leguntur.’

Rez, Peter von. Lament for defeat of Nicopolis, in Liliencron.

Ricaut, Paul. A History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire containing the Political maxims of the Turks, their religion, &c. 5th ed. London, 1682, fol. 6th ed., ibid., 1693. 2 vols. 8vo. French trans. by Briot. Amsterdam, 1678, 16mo; 1696, sm. 8vo, with 16 engravings. Italian trans. by Costi Belli. 2nd ed. Venice, 1673, 4to.

Richer, Christopher. De rebus Turcarum ad Franciscum Gallorum regem Christianissimum. Paris, 1540, 8vo. (Liber I. De origine Turcarum et Ottomanni imperio. Liber III. De Tamerlanis et Parthi rebus gestis.)

Ricoldus. See my note to Anon. De ritu et moribus Turcarum.

Rieu, C. P. H. 1. Catalogue of Persian MSS. in British Museum. London, 1879-83. 3 vols.

2. Supplement to above. London, 1895.

3. Catalogue of Turkish MSS. in the British Museum. London, 1888.

Rodd, Sir Rennell. The Princes of Achaia and the Chronicles of Morea: a Study of Greece in the Middle Ages. London, 1907. 2 vols. 8vo.

Excellent map of mediaeval Greece.

Romanin, Samuele. Storia documentata di Venezia. Venice, 1853-61. 10 vols. 8vo.

For attempts of Venice in 14th cent. to league Christians against the Turks, vols. iii and iv.

Roncière. Editor, in collab. with Dorez, of fragments of Marino Sanudo.

Rosen, Baron Victor. 1. Notices sommaires des MSS. arabes du Musée asiatique. Petrograd, 1881.

2. Remarques sur les MSS. orientaux de la col. de Marsigli à Bologna. Paris, 1884, 4to.

Rymer, Thomas. Foedera, conventions, literae ... acta publica inter reges Angliae et alios ... ab 1101 ... ad nostra ... tempora. Editio tertia. Revised from original MSS. in Tower of London, by George Holmes. London, 1739-45. 12 vols., la. fol.

Sabellicus, Antonius. In Lonicerus, fol. 105-12.

Safařík, Ivan. 1. Elenchus actorum spectantium ad historiam Serborum et reliquorum Slavorum meridionalium ... quae in archivo Venetiarum reperiuntur. Belgrade, 1858, 4to.

The notes are in Servian, but with Latin translation.

2. Acta archivii Veneti spectantia ad historiam Serborum. Belgrade, 1860.

Safařík, Paul Joseph. Slovanské Starořitnosti. Prague, 1837, 4to. Trans. under title Slawische Alterthümer by Moses von Aehrenfeld, with notes by Heinrich Wuttke. Leipzig, 1843-4. 2 vols. 8vo.

Sagredo, Giovanni. Memorie istoriche de’ monarchi ottomani. Venice, 1676, fol.; 1688, 4to.

The first of modern writers who, though acquainted with Ottoman ‘sources’, deliberately prefers to follow the Byzantine writers who were contemporary.

Sagundino, Nicholas. See Secundinus.

Said. Ghulcheni-Méarif. Hist. of Ott. Emp. from foundation to 1774. In 2 vols.

Salaberry, de. Hist. de l’Emp. ott. depuis sa fondation jusqu’à ... 1792. Avec des pièces justificatives. Paris, 1813. 4 vols. 8vo.

Saladin, H. Manuel d’Art musulman. Vol. i. L’architecture. Paris, 1907, 8vo.

Salcon, Nicolas. French trans. of Hayton.

Sambucus, Joannes (of Tirnovo). Reges Ungariae ab anno 401-1567 uersibus descripti. In Bonfinius, fol. 891-6.

Sanginetti, B. R. French trans., in collab. with Ch. Défréméry, of Ibn Batutah.

Sansovino, Francesco. 1. Gli annali turcheschi o vero vita de’principi della casa athomana. First edition. Venice, 1568, 4to. Edition from which I quote is Venice, 1573, 4to.

2. Historia universale dell’ origine et imperio de’ Turchi, nella quale si contengono la origine, etc., de’ Turchi. Venice, 1654. 2 vols., la. 8vo.

A collection of various writers on the Ottoman Empire.

Sanuto, Marino (Torsello). 1. Memorial to King of France urging crusade, 1321. Written in French. In Bongars, Gesta Dei per Francos, ii. 5.

2. Letters published by Dorez and Roncière in Bibl. de l’Ecole des Chartes (1895), lvi. 34-44.

3. Secreta fidelium crucis. In Bongars, vol. ii. See also thesis of Postansque, and study by Kunstmann. Four books, written between 1306 and 1321, urging a crusade. Book III trans. into English by Aubrey Stewart, in Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, vol. xii, London, 1896, 8vo.

Sanuto, Marino (the Younger). 1. Vite de’ Duchi di Venezia. (1421-93.) In Muratori, xxii. 399-1252.

2. Diarii. Ed. by Gugl. Berchet. Venice, 1877-1900. 56 vols. 4to.

I have given the younger Sanuto’s work here, because he is so often confused with the elder.

Sarre, Friedrich. Reise in Kleinasien, Sommer 1895. Forschungen zur seldjukischen Kunst und Geographie des Landes. 76 Tafeln. Map by Kiepert. Berlin, 1896, la. 8vo.

Sathas, C. N. 1. Documents inédits relatifs à l’hist. de la Grèce au moyen âge (1400-1500). Paris, 1880-1. 2 vols. 4to. Maps of Crete, the Aegean, and Sea of Marmora in 15th cent. I. contains Canc. Secreta, 208 doc., from 1402 to 1500; II. Misti, 549 doc., from 1400 to 1412.

2. Τουρκοκρατουμένη Έλλάς. Athens, 1869.

3. Edited and trans., in collab. with Miller, the Cyprus chronicle of Macairas.

4. Bibliotheca graeca medii aevi. 6 vols. I-III, Venice, 1872-3; IV-VI, Paris, 1874-7.

Sauli, Luigi. Della colonia Genovesi in Galata. Turin, 1831. 2 vols. 8vo.

The valuable information in these volumes is practically without dates, and there is no index.

Schaffarik, Janko. See Safařík, Ivan.

Schéfer, Charles. French trans. of portion of Ibn Bibi. Editor, with copious notes, of Bertrandon de la Broquière, Spandugino, and a portion of Geuffraeus. His collection of oriental MSS. has recently enriched the Bibliothèque Nationale. The catalogue of his library, published in 1903 by H. Welter, Paris, is an addition to the bibliography of Oriental history, geography, and philology.

Schiltberger, Johannes. Gefangenschaft in der Turckey. Frankfort, 1557, 4to. Best modern German edition is: Ed. by K. Fr. Neumann under title Reisen des Johannes Schiltberger. Munich, 1859, 8vo. (Hammer used earlier reprint of Munich MS., Reise in den Orient, Munich, 1813.) English trans. by J. Buchan Telfer, R.N., with notes by Prof. P. Bruun of Odessa, published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1879, 8vo, under title The Bondage and Travels of Johann Schiltberger.

Schlumberger, G. Numismatique de l’Orient latin. Paris, 1878, 4to.

Schmitt, John, Editor. The chronicle of Morea. Τὸ Χρονικὸν τοῦ Μορέως. (From the Copenhagen and Paris MSS.) London, 1904, 8vo.

Schönherr, G. Collab., with Pór, A., in the latest authoritative Hungarian history covering the 14th century.

pp. 478-90: Monnaies d’Imitation à légendes latines frappées par les princes ou émirs turcomans du Saroukhan, d’Aïdin, et de Mentesché.

Schulz, C. G. Geschichte des osmanischen Reichs. Leipzig, 1772, 8vo.

Schwandtner, J. G., editor. Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum veteres ac genuini. Tomus i. Vienna, 1746, fol.

Schwicker, J. H. German trans. of Kállay.

Seadeddin, Mohammed Ben Hassan (Khodja Effendi). Tajul-Tevarikh. The Crown of Histories. Constantinople, 1862. 2 vols. 4to. Of this most celebrated Ottoman historian, whose chronicle covers from the origin of the family, there are translations as follows:

1. Bratutti, Vicenzo. Cronica dell’ origine e progressi della casa ottomana, composta da Saidino Turco. Parte prima, Osman-Mohammed I, Vienna, 1649, 12mo. Parte secunda, Murad II and Mohammed II, Madrid, 1652.

Hammer uses this translation.

2. Kollar, A. F. Seadeddini annales Turcici usque ad Murad II. Turcice et Latine cura Ad. Fr. Kollar a Kerestan. Vienna, 1755 fol.

3. Seaman, Wm. The Reign of Sultan Orkhan, translated from Hodja effendi. London, 1652, 8vo.

4. History of the Turkish war with Rhodians, Venetians, Egyptians, Persians and other nations, written by Will Caoursin and Khodja Afendy, a Turk. London, 1683, 8vo.

This is an anon. trans. of Caoursin’s Historia Rhodi and Seadeddin’s recital of the siege of Rhodes under Mohammed II.

5. Galland, Antoine. Histoire ottomane, écrite par Saadud-din Mehemed Hassan, plus connu chez les Turcs sous le nom de Cogia Efendi, mise en françois par Antoine Galland, Professeur et Lecteur royal en langue arabe. A translation in MS. of Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds turc, 64. Vol. i, up to Murad II, is lacking. Vol. ii is in the Bibl. Nat. under fonds fr., 6074. A third volume, fonds fr., 6075, contains Bayezid II and Selim I.

Zinkeisen used this translation. But Jorga, i. 150, n. 1, is in error in believing that Zinkeisen had access to complete trans. This has been lacking since 18th cent. The whole comment of Jorga is confusing. He mixes Seadeddin with Neshri, and follows Zenker’s erroneous statement that Leunclavius’s Annali is a trans. of Seadeddin.

6. The story of the capture of Constantinople by Mohammed has been translated into French by Garcin de Tassy, Paris, 1826, and by Michaud, in his Bibl. des Croisades, vol. iii; into English by Gibb, Glasgow, 1879; and, in part, into German by Krause, Die Eroberungen von Konstantinopel im XIII. und XV. Jahrhundert, Halle, 1870, 8vo.

Seaman, William. English translator of portion of Seadeddin.

Secundinus, Nicolaus. Liber de familia Autumanarum ad Eneam, Senarum episcopum. Fol. 133-41 of MS. Latin 414 of K. Bibl., Munich. Published as Liber I in Johannes Ramus, which see.

This letter, written to Aenaeas Sylvius, afterwards Pope Pius II, from Naples, is one of the first western accounts of the Osmanlis. In the title-page of ‘De rebus Turcicis’, printed 1553, Secundinus is called ‘vetustissimo autore’.

Sefert, M. La Dalmatie, y compris ... Patras, Athènes. Manuel de voyageur avec 88 gravures et 32 cartes et plans. Guide illustré Hartleben, no. 64. Vienna and Leipzig, 1912, 12mo.

Seiff, J. Reisen in der asiatischen Türkei. Leipzig, 1875.

Servi, Ferdinando. Compendium Historiae Turcicae. Venice, 1689. This is a trans. into Latin, then Italian, of Du Verdier. Some bibliographers have treated this as an original work.

Shehabeddin, Abul Abbas Ahmed. Mesalek al absar fi memalek alamsar. Footpaths of the eyes in the Kingdoms of the different Countries. Existing fragments, which include Asia Minor, trans. into French by Quatremère, in Notices et Extraits, xiii. 152-384, from MS. in Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds arabe, no. 2325.

Quatremère in discussing whether S. is from Damascus, Marash or Morocco, has overlooked Hadji Khalfa, Lex. Bibl., no. 10874, fol. 1832, who unhesitatingly calls him ‘écrivain de Damas’.

Sherefeddin Ali (Yezdi). Zéfer Namé. But MS. in Bibl. Nat., Paris, reads Kitabi fatih namehi Emir Timour (a Life of Timur by his own secretary). Trans. into Turkish by Mohammed ben al Agemi. Trans. into French by Petits de la Croix, under title Histoire de Timourbec, connu sous le nom du Gran Tamerlan, empereur des Mongols et Tartares. Paris, 1722. 4 vols. 12mo. No index. Another edition of same, Delft, 1723. 4 vols. 8vo.

Muralt, in the bibliography of his Chronographie byzantine, has fallen into the error of identifying Sherefeddin with Arabshah.

Shireddin. See Dorn.

Sidarouss, S. Les Patriarcats dans l’Empire Ottoman et spécialement en Égypte. Paris, 1907, la. 8vo.

Sidi Ali Ibn Hussein (Khatib Roumi). The Mirror of the Countries. Narration of Voyages. German trans. of Diez, trans. into French by Moris, with foreword on life and times of Sidi Ali. Paris, 1827, 8vo.

Silvestre de Sacy, A. I. French trans. of Makrisi’s Numismatics. Editor of letter of Dominican Friar. See note under Moranvillé, Henri de.

Sionita, Gabriel. Latin trans. of Edrisi in collab. with John Hesronita.

Sismondi, J. C. L. Sismonde de. Histoire des républiques italiennes du moyen âge. Paris, 1809. 8 vols. 12mo. New ed., Paris, 1840. 10 vols. 8vo.

Slane, G. de. 1. Catalogue des bibliothèques de Constantinople. In MS. Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds arabe, no. 4474.

2. Cat. des MSS. arabes de la Bibl. Nat., Paris. 2 vols., 1883 and 1895. Still in MS.

3. Trans. into French Ibn Khaldun’s Prolegomena.

Smirnow, W. D. Collections scientifiques de l’Inst. des Langues orientales du Ministère des aff. étrang. Vol. viii, Manuscrits turcs. Petrograd, 1897, 8vo.

Solakzadé. Hist. Ott. Emp. from beginning to Soleiman II, in 1 vol.

Spandugino, Teodoro. I commentari di Teo. Spandugino Cantacusino, gentil’huomo Constantinopolitano. Costumi e leggi de’ Turchi: origine de’ Prencipi Turchi. Lucca, 1550. Florence, 1551. Also in Sansovino, pp. 107-36, 182-206. Charles Schéfer has published and edited an early French MS. trans. of above: Petit traicté de l’origine des Turcqz. Paris, 1896, 8vo.

Excellent for erudite display of bibliographical knowledge, but Schéfer’s comments on chronicle are disappointing, and his chronology is inaccurate.

Spiegel. See Jo. Gaudier.

Sprenger, A. See Fitzclarence, George.

Sreznavski, L. Russian trans. of Clavijo.

Stella, Giorgio. Annales Genuenses. (1298-1409.) Continued by ‘Frater Johannes’ to 1435. In Muratori, xvii. 947-1318.

Stewart, Aubrey. English trans. of portion of Secreta fidelium crucis of Marino Sanuto (Torsello).

Stewart, Charles. English trans. of anon. Memoirs of Timur.

Stritter, J. G. Memoriae populorum, olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, paludem Maeotidem, Caucasum, mare Caspium et inde magis ad septentriones incolentium, e scriptoribus Byzantinis erutae et digestae. Petrograd, 1779. 4 vols. 4to.

Numerous writers have gone to Stritter, and quoted from him, in citing Byzantine writers of 13th and 14th cent.

Strzygowski, Josef. Die Calendarbilder des Chronographen vom Jahre 354, mit 30 Tafeln. Berlin, 1888, 4to.

Szalay, Ladislas. Geschichte Ungarns. Trans. from Hungarian by Heinrich Wögerer. Buda-Pest, 1866-9. 3 vols. 8vo.

Szilagyi, Alexander. Editor of A Magyar Nemzet Törtenete.

Tafel, G. L. F. 1. De Via Egnatia. Tübingen, 1842.

2. Symbola critica ad geographiam Byzantinam spectantia. K. Bayer. Akademie, vol. v.

3. Editor of Panaretos.

4. Urkunden zur älteren Handels-und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig. Vienna, 1856. (In collab. with Thomas, G. M.)

Tahir-Zade, Ahmed Aga. Tarikhi-Aga. Constantinople, 1876. 5 vols. 8vo. General Hist. of Ott. Emp. from foundation.

Tarbé, P. Editor of Eustache Deschamps.

Tartini, J. M., ed. Rerum Italicarum Scriptores. Florence, 1748-70. 2 vols. la. fol. (A supplement to Muratori: codices of Laurentinian Library.) Newly edited, Rome, 1909, by V. Fiorini et al., as vols. xxvi and xxvii of the new Muratori.

Tauber, Nicholas von. German trans. of Geuffraeus.

Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste. Les six voyages ... qu’il a faits en Turquie, en Perse et aux Indes, pendant quarante ans. Nouvelle éd., reveüe et corrigée. Paris, 1713. 5 vols. 12mo.

Tchihatcheff, P. de. Asie Mineure: description physique statistique et archéol. Avec atlas de 28 cartes. Paris, 1853-6. 2 vols. 8vo.

Telfer, J. B. English trans. of Schiltberger.

Texeira. Voyages de Texeira, ou l’Histoire des Rois des Perses. Trad. de l’espagnol par Colotendi (d’après Barbier). Paris, 1681. 2 vols. 12mo.

Texeira follows Mirkhond.

Texier, Charles. Asie Mineure: description géogr., hist. et archéol. Paris, 1862, 8vo. In series ‘L’Univers illustré’. A larger and earlier edition was published in Paris, 1839-49. 3 vols. fol., with 241 plates and maps.

Thallóczy. (In collab. with Gelčić.) 1. Diplomata relationum reipublicae Ragusinae cum regno Hungariae. Buda-Pesth, 1887.

2. Studien zur Geschichte Bosniens und Serbiens im Mittelalter ... übersetzt von Dr. Franz Eckhardt. Munich, 1914, 8vo.

Theiner, Augustus. 1. Monumenta vetera historiam Hungariae sacram illustrantia. Maximam partem nondum edita. Ex tabulariis vaticanis deprompta, collecta ac serie chronol. disposita. Ab Honorio III. ad Clementem VII. (1216-1526). Rome, 1859-60. 2 vols. fol.

2. Vetera monumenta Slavorum meridionalium historiam illustrantia. Rome and Agram, 1863, 1875. 2 vols. 8vo.

Contains papal letters for our period.

Thomas, A. Les lettres à la cour des papes ... 1290-1423. Rome, 1884, 8vo. Also in Mélanges d’archéologie et d’histoire, vols. ii and iv.

Thomas, G. M. 1. Collab. with Tafel in compilation of Urkunden zur älteren Handels-und Staatsgeschichte.

2. Collab. with Predelli in Diplomatarium Veneto-Levantinum.

Thornberg. Latin trans. of Ibn Khaldun.

Thurócz, Johann. Illustrissima Hungariae regum chronica. In Schwandtner, i. 39-291.

Thury, Josef. Hungarian trans. of Neshri.

Tindal, N. English trans. of Cantemir.

Toderini, Abbé Jean-Baptiste. De la littérature des Turcs. Trad. de l’italien en français par l’abbé Cournand. Paris, 1789. 3 vols. 8vo.

Toderini was chaplain to the Bailie of Venice at Constantinople from 1779 to 1785. In historical points he follows Cantemir pretty closely. Of the Ottoman historians he seems to know only Seadeddin and Hadji Khalfa.

Toderini, T. (in collab. with B. Cecchetti). Il R. Archivio di Venezia. Venice, 1873, 8vo.

Tozer, H. F. 1. The Church and the Eastern Empire. London, 1888. 4to.

2. Editor of 1877 edition of Finlay.

Traut, Veit. Türkischer Kayser Ankunft Krieg und Sieg wider die Christen biss auf den Zwelfften yetzt Regierenden Tyrannen Soleymannum. With 15 woodcuts. Augsburg, 1543, fol.

Tudelle, Benjamin de. In Bergeron.

Tychsen, O. G. Latin trans. of Makrisi.

Urechi, Grégoire. Chronique de Moldavie, depuis le milieu du XIV^e siècle jusqu’à 1594. Texte roumain en caractères slavons. Traduction par Émile Picot. École des Langues viv. orientales, vol. ix. Paris, 1879, 8vo.

Ursins, Jean-J. des. Histoire de Charles VI. Edited by Godefroy. Paris, 1614, 4to.

Ursu, I. Editor, with Rumanian notes, of Donado da Lezze.

Vambéry, Hermann. 1. Alt-osmanische Sprachstudien. Leyden, 1901, 8vo.

2. Hungary. ‘Story of Nations’ series. London, 1898, 8vo.

3. Geschichte Bocharas oder Transoxaniens. Stuttgart, 1872.

Vanel. Abrégé nouveau de l’histoire gén. des Turcs ... depuis leur établissement jusqu’à présent. Avec les Portraits des Empereurs ottomans tirez sur les meilleurs originaux. Paris, 1689. 3 vols. 12mo.

Van Gaver, Jules. Collab. with Jouannin.

Vattier, Pierre. French trans. of Arabshah.

Vertot, Abbé. Histoire des chevaliers de Saint-Jean. Amsterdam, 1732. 7 vols. 12mo.

Vigénaire, Blaise de. French trans. of Chalcocondylas.

Villani, Giovanni. Historia universalis (in Italian). Muratori, xiii. 1-1002.

Villani died of the plague in 1348.

Villani, Matteo, and his son Filippo. Historia ab 1348 ad 1365. A continuation of the Historia universalis. (Also in Italian.) Muratori, xiv. 1-770.

A most valuable contemporary record for first conquests of Murad I in Europe.

Vivien de Saint-Martin, Louis. Description historique et géogr. de l’Asie Mineure. Paris, 1852. 2 vols. 8vo.

Vlasto, E.-A. Trans. into French portion of Hopf which relates to Giustiniani family of Chios.

Vullers, J. A. Latin trans. of Mirkhond.

Wavrin, Jean de. Les Chronicques d’Engleterre. Edited by Mlle. du Pont. Paris, 1858-63. 2 vols. 8vo.

Wenzel, G. Monumenta Hungariae historica. Buda-Pest, 1876, 8vo.

Werunski, E. Excerpta ex registris Clementis VI et Innocentii VI ... (541 documents from 1342 to 1360). Innsbruck, 1885, 8vo.

White, Joseph. Editor of Clarendon Press (1783) Persian text of Timur’s memoirs.

Wirth, A. Geschichte der Türken. 2nd ed. Stuttgart, 1913, 12mo.

Wögerer, H. German trans. of Szalay.

Wolff. Geschichte der Mongolen. Breslau, 1872.

Wright, J. Editor of Mandeville.

Wüstenfeld, Ferdinand. 1. Vergleichungs-Tabellen der muhammedanischen und christlichen Zeitrechnung, nach dem ersten Tage jedes muham. Monats berechnet und im Auftrage und auf Kosten der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. Leipzig, 1854, 4to.

This is reproduced in Mas Latrie’s Trésor de Chronologie, &c., pp. 549-622.

2. Geschichte der Türken mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des vermeintlichen Anrechts derselben auf den Besitz von Griechenland. Leipzig, 1899, 8vo.

A book full of inaccuracies and misleading statements: altogether unworthy of the author of the Tabellen.

Wuttke, Heinrich. Editor of German trans. of P. J. Safařík.

Wylie, H. History of England under Henry IV. London, 1884-98. 4 vols. 12mo.

Xénopol, A. D. Histoire des Roumains. Paris, 1896. 2 vols. 1a. 8vo. This is a translation, revised and abridged by the author himself, of Istoria Rominilor din Dacia traiana. Jassy, 1888-93. 6 vols. 8vo.

Yahia, Nasreddin. See Ibn Bibi.

Yale, H. English trans. of Marco Polo.

Zagorsky, Vladimir. François Rački et la renaissance scientifique et politique de la Croatie. Paris, 1909, 8vo.

pp. 178-81 contain exposé of Bosno-Serbo-Croatian relations at time of Ottoman conquest.

Zenker, J. Th. Bibliotheca Orientalis. Leipzig, 1848-61. 2 vols. 4to. Vol. i contains: Arabic, Persian, and Turkish books from invention of printing to 1840; vol. ii, a supplement of preceding up to 1860, and books on Christian Orient.

Compiled in haphazard fashion: very incomplete: most important works are omitted: in giving translations Seadeddin is confused with Ali.

Zinkeisen, Johann Wilhelm. Geschichte des Osmanischen Reichs in Europa. Gotha, 1840-63. 7 vols. 8vo. In Allgemeine Staatengeschichte, I, 15 Werke. Vol. i up to 1453.

Jorga’s recent work is 37 in the same series.

Zollikofer, Lucas. German trans. of Pedro Mexia.

Zotenberg, H. French trans. of Jean of Nikiou.