INDEX

Roman numerals refer to Preface.

A
abris, [322]
Acacia salicina, [157]
acacia seed, [150], [151]
Adelaide tribes, [xii], [100], [102], [180], [195], [204], [206], [208], [212], [214], [360], [366]
administration, tribal, [225 et seq.]
adzes, [366], [367]
Affenspalte, [38]
“alangua” (native pear), Knaninja, [353]
albinism, [48]
“Algerrigiowumma,” sky-shying act, [238], [239]
Alligator River, [197], [249]
allotment of infants, [221], [222]
“Altjerra,” [279], [295], [341], [342]
“Altjerrajara,” Supreme Number, [271], [296]
“Altjerringa,” [279], [296], [342]
“Aluggurra” women, [343]
Aluridja tribe, [xii], [4], [47], [48], [50], [65], [78], [82], [83], [92], [95], [111], [114], [121], [147], [149], [150], [151], [153], [155], [170], [176], [178], [184], [192], [200], [205], [213], [226], [231], [236], [239], [240], [243], [255], [259], [264], [267], [269], [271], [272], [282], [295], [296], [349], [356], [361], [362], [387], [396], [398], [400], [402]
amputation of finger joints, [253], [254]
ancestor worship, [257]
animation, in art, [320], [336], [337], [338]
animal tracks, drawn in sand, [70-73]
anthill burial, [206];
of bone, [214]
Anthistiria (kangaroo grass), [276], [387]
anthropomorphous designs, [353-358]
“Antjuarra,” tooth-rapping ceremony, [235]
anvil-stone, [369]
approaching a stranger, [2], [3];
a camp, [105]
appreciation, expression of, [399]
archer fish, ochre drawing of, [328]
armistice, [188]
Arnhem Land, [50], [196], [197]
Arrabonna Tribe, [4], [200], [237], [269], [362]
“Arrarra,” a circumcision ceremony, [239 et seq.]
“arrera,” kangaroo, Knaninja, [352]
“Arrolmolba” (phallus), [291]
art of the aboriginal, [xi], [xii], [297-358]
artificial colouring of body, hunting, [142];
in warfare, [184];
of emissaries at initiation, [254];
for cosmetic and ceremonial purposes, [324-326]
artificial warmth applied to infant, [66]
Arunndta Tribe, [xi], [xii], [4], [6], [48], [50], [63], [65], [70], [76], [77], [78], [82], [83], [86], [92], [95], [103], [106], [114], [121], [125], [142], [147], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [155], [166], [170], [172], [175], [176], [178], [184], [192], [200], [205], [214], [218], [220], [226], [231], [237], [238], [263], [264], [271], [272], [274], [275], [282], [287], [291], [292], [295], [296], [308], [311], [321], [328], [330], [337], [338], [341], [343], [347], [349], [350], [352], [361], [362], [363], [386], [387], [390], [391], [398], [399], [400], [401], [402], [403], [404], [405]
“Atoakwatje,” water-men, [264], [265]
aspirate sounds, [403]
attachment of parents to children, [65], [66]
“aumba” (Brachysema), [153]
Australoid, [58], [59];
migrations, [56], [57], [58]
awl, stone, [365]
Ayers Ranges, [75]
B
bailers, [95]
baldness, [50]
ball-games, [77], [78]
bandicoot, corrobboree of, [383]
“banki,” prepuse, [243]
bark, canoes, [160-164];
drawings, [323];
shield, [86], [87];
water-carriers, [92], [93]
barramundi vertebræ used as spear heads, [198]
barter, with ochre, [113];
with women, [222]
bathing, [99]
Bathurst Islanders, [76], [77], [93], [95], [96], [115], [159], [161], [163], [168], [207], [238], [309], [310], [319], [323], [373], [379], [380]
beard, [50], [51], [117];
of female, [46]
bees’ honey, [145]
bell-bird, [386]
belly, [20], [21]
Berringin Tribe, [4], [11], [129], [130], [201], [374]
beverages, [153]
biological consanguinity between Australia and other continents, [55]
bird-like attitude, [107]
birds’ eggs, [125], [126]
birth of aboriginal, [61-68]
biting the initiate’s head, [244], [245]
bleeding, stanching of, after circumcision, [243]
blindness, following club hit, [37]
blonde, aboriginal, [48], [49], [50]
blood, drinking of, [154];
stilling the flow of, [186];
thrown at opponent during a duel, [166];
revenge, [187]
Bloodwood apple, [152]
Bloomfield River, [48]
blue eye in aboriginal, [25]
Blue Mountains, [57]
boabab, carved tree, [309];
carved nuts, [311], [312], [313], [331];
nuts used as rattles, [374];
trees serving as reservoirs, [97], [98]
“Bobi,” tjuringa, [270]
body decoration, at completion of mourning, [214], [215];
cosmetic, artistic and ceremonial, [324], [325], [326].
See also [artificial colouring of body]
“Böllier” ceremony, initiation, [250]
bone, carving of, [313];
“pointing” the, [174-178], [209]
bone-pointed spear-thrower, [201]
bones of dead man collected, [214];
radius selected for “pointing bone,” [215]
“boning” to death, [174-178], [209]
boomerang, practice, [86];
used as a musical instrument, [374], [383];
used in duels, [168];
used in warfare, [187], [188]
“boomerang-legs,” [15]
boomerang-spear duel, drawing of, [330], [338]
boras, [377]
boys, apportioned to old men, [65], [66];
taught use of weapons, [85], [86]
Brachysema Chambersii, [153]
brain of aboriginal, [37], [38]
breast, [18-20];
artificial lactation of, [20];
development of, [19];
enchantment of, [19];
touched with charred mulga, [65]
Bremer, Sir Gordon, [144]
Buccaneer Archipelago, [50], [51]
buffalo, drawing of, [325], [337];
hunt, [144], [145], and [Frontispiece]
bull-roarer, used at circumcision, [241], [242];
at mika operation, [246];
at tooth-rapping ceremony, [232], [233]
burial and mourning customs, [203-215]
burial ground, signpost erected at, [207]
burial in anthill, [208]
C
Calamus used as paint brush, [319], [320]
Caledon Bay, [115]
calvarium, Tennants Creek, [53];
used as a drinking vessel, [214]
Cambridge Gulf Tribes, [x], [51], [62], [65], [74], [93], [99], [101], [226], [238], [282], [288], [375], [377], [405]
camel, ochre drawing of, [329]
Campbell, John, [344]
camp, clearing a site for, [100];
life, [100-119];
occupations while in, [112], [113];
selection of, [91]
camptocnemia, [15]
cannibalism, [21], [189]
canoes, [160-164];
dug-outs, [164];
housing of, [162];
with outriggers, [164];
with sail, [164]
capacity of skull, [37]
Cape York, [93], [104]
caravan travelling, [1]
caries, [31]
Carpentaria Gulf, [50], [93], [128], [129], [151], [160], [161], [162], [164], [189], [201], [266], [287], [375]
carpentry taught boys, [85]
carrying, dogs, [67];
infants, methods of, [66], [67]
carved bone, [313];
grave posts, [207], [309-310];
pearl shell, [313];
trees, [308], [309];
weapons, [310]
carvings in rock, [299-308]
Cassia, branch used as an emblem of peace, [2];
used for headgear, [280]
casus belli, [183]
caterpillar, [122];
totemic designs of, [350], [352]
Caucasian, [58], [59];
derived from Australoid, [59]
cave drawings, [314], [315], [322 et seq.];
of Glenelg River, [333], [343-345];
inspiration given by natural feature, [331], [332]
celestial “walk-about,” [296]
ceremonial dance, drawing of, [332], [338]
ceremony of welcome, [379]
character of aboriginal, [227]
characteristics of race, [5-17]
charcoal drawing, method of, [323];
of ceremonial dance, [338], [332];
of crows, [319], [335], [336];
of buffalo hunter, [325], [337];
of kangaroo hunter, [326], [337]
cheek bone, [30]
chief of tribe, [226]
chignon, [47]
child decorations, [84], [85]
childhood, [69-90]
children, entertainment of, [69], [70], [71];
position of at ceremonials, [84], [85];
playing with sand and mud, [73-75];
running after wind-driven seeds, [76];
taught to sing and dance, [70];
taught to draw and imitate tracks, [71], [72], [73];
tobogganing, [75]
chin, [29]
Christianity, [257]
cicadae and crickets, musical powers envied, [384]
cicatrices, [236-238], [250]
circle-within-circle designs, [351], [353]
circumcision, [239-244];
drastic treatment of shirkers, [243]
clubbing the initiate, [242]
clubs, [168], [169], [170];
in warfare, [188]
club-rule, [222-223]
“coal sack,” [332]
cockatoo, kept as pet, [89]
colour, artificially applied to body when hunting, [142];
of aboriginal’s skin, [40-45];
affected by climate, [45], [49], [59]
composition, in aboriginal art, [338]
conception, ideas about, [284], [285]
conventional designs, [346 et seq.]
conventional representation of human figure, [353-358]
conversation, actions aiding, [395];
by song, [385]
conversationalist, the aboriginal as, [371], [395]
Coo-ee, [2]. See also “[käu],” [142]
cooking, methods of, [108]
cooleman, [92]
Coopers Creek, [50], [83], [92], [102], [114] (Barcoo), [121], [127], [150], [155], [169], [170], [190] (Barcoo), [200], [237], [362], [376]
cores, stone, [364]
corrobboree, [377]
cosmetics, [115]
Cossus moth (witchedy), [122], [204]
cotton tree (Bombatt malabaricum), [249]
council of old men, [225], [226]
Crocker Island, [131], [191]
Crocodile, carvings of, [331];
ceremony of, [377];
eggs of, [126];
floating log to simulate, [159];
hunting the, [134]
cradle, food-carrier taking the place of, [65]
“cratch-cradle,” [84]
crawfish, [128]
cremation, not practised, [204]
crossed boomerangs, the symbol of strife, [347], [351]
crows, ceremony of, [378], [379];
drawing of, [319], [335], [336]
“cutting” the shadow, [175]
Cunningham, Professor D. J., [24]
Cyperus rotundus (“yelka”), [148]
Cyrena, acting as a pigment dish, [319];
used as a scraper, [162]
D
“dabba,” stone knife, [367]
daggers, [172]
Daly River spear types, [196], [197], [198]
“damatba” throwing weapon, [170]
“dangorra,” the great emu in the sky, [315], [333], [349]
Darwin, Charles, [33]
dead person’s name not mentioned, [211], [212]
death, tracing the cause of a, [208], [209]
dental rudiments, [33]
de Rougemont, [133]
desert surroundings, [1]
dialects, variety of, [387], [388]
“didjeridoo” drone pipe, [375], [376], [379], [380]
Dieri Tribe, [xiv], [4], [76], [82], [83], [92], [111], [121], [150], [155], [170], [172], [190], [205], [206], [218], [237], [242], [271], [282], [289], [290], [361], [362], [376], [386], [396], [400]
diminutive expressions, [396], [400]
“dindula,” hair ornament, [47]
dingo, the wild dog of Australia, [119];
hunting the, [141];
mythical dingo or “knullia” people, [342]
Diprotodon, [52], [54];
associated with other bones, [119];
carving of spoor, [307]
disc throwing, [76]
discipline, [85]
diseases, the cause of rapid decline of aborigines, [xiv]
dog, the constant companion of aboriginal, [118], [119]
dolichocephaly, [35]
dolls, [79], [80]
down-decoration of ground, [282], [326]
Dravidians, [58]
drawings, in sand, [70-73];
of “totem,” [339-343]
dress, mode of, [113], [114], [115]
drinking, methods of, [98], [99]
drone pipe, [375], [376], [379], [380]
drought, trying conditions of, [117]
Dubois, Professor, [55]
Duboisia Hopwoodi, [155]
Duckworth, Professor, W. L. H., [33]
duels, [165-174];
boomerang, [168];
chivalry displayed in, [174];
club, [168-170];
damatba, [170];
heavy spear, [172], [173];
kutturu, [165-168];
reed spears, [171];
stone dagger, [172];
shield used in, [173]
dugong, hunting the, [134-137];
sung to during initiation, [19]
dugout canoes, [164]
Durham Downs, [237]
E
ear, [29], [30]
echidna designs, [336], [346], [347]
eggs, of birds, [125], [126];
of reptiles, [126]
“Elaija,” a sacred ancestor, [283]
“elbola,” bark headgear, [280]
“elenba,” wooden hair pins, [47]
elopement, [223]
emu, in the sky, [315], [332], [333], [334], [349];
carved in boabab, [309], [330];
carving on boomerang, [317];
ceremony, [274-280], [377], [378];
game, [81], [82];
gum leaves imitating the rustle of, [374];
hunting the, [129-140];
neck in the sky (“Yirrerri”), [334]
enemy, corrobboree portraying the slaying of, [383], [384]
“engulba,” pitjuri, [155]
ensellure, [7]
epipteric bone, [36]
“Erinnja,” an evil spirit, [294]
“erriakutta” (yelka) ceremonial drawing, [282], [327]
erythrism, [48]
escort of natives, [2]
Etheridge, R., [x]
ethmoid, [25]
“Etominja,” sacred ground design, [282], [326]
Eucalyptus corymbosa (Bloodwood), [98], [152];
dumosa (water mallee), [98];
miniata (woolly butt), [161];
rostrata (red gum), [147];
tetradonta (stringy bark), [161]
Eugenia, leaf poultice applied to breast, [20]
evil spirit, [291], [292], [294], [299], [314], [385]
exchange of wives, [224]
exclamations, [398], [399]
external angular process, [25]
extremities, length of, [10]
eye, [23], [25]
F
Face, [22-30]
fat of emu and goanna, [115]
fatty tissue scant in aboriginal, [5], [6]
fatty tumours, [6]
feather wig, [50]
femur, [14], [15]
feet, evolution and use of, [10 et seq.];
“hand-like” form of Berringin tribesman, [11]
fibula, [16]
fight, corrobboree of, [382]
figure contrast between aboriginal and European, [5 et seq.]
fire-fly, artificial, [376]
fire ceremony (“Ngardaddi”), [261], [263]
fire, [108];
shovels, [109], [110];
saw, [111], [202];
sores, [110];
stick, [110], [112];
whisk, [110], [111];
the precursor of civilization, [258], [260];
legend concerning origin on earth, [259], [260]
fireless cooking, [80]
fire walking, [236]
firewood, gathered by women, [107]
fish, barriers, [129];
designs, [350];
hooks, [132];
nets, [129], [130], [131];
nooses, [129];
ochre drawings of, [328];
spears, [131], [132]
fishing, in parties, [127], [128], [129];
line, [132];
methods, [127], [128];
races, [128]
flatfoot, [12]
Flinders, Matthew, [117]
Flinders Ranges, burial customs in the, [206];
ochre mine, [316];
rock carvings, [299], [303-308]
flying fox design, [345], [350]
foetal elements (“rattappa”), [287]
food-carrier, used as cradle, [64], [65], [66]
food restrictions, [250], [251]
foot of Tasmanian, [14]
footmarks in caves, [322]
fourth molar, [32], [33]
forehead, [23], [35]
Fowler’s Bay, [64], [76], [295], [383]
Fraipont’s method, [28], [29]
frog, corrobboree of, [379]
frog dance of children, [70]
frog designs, [335], [346]
frontal bone, [35], [36]
frontal suture, [34]
Frontispiece, [145]
funeral chant, [211]
G
gagging the initiate, [242], [246]
Garner, Professor, [405]
Genyornis, carving of track, [308]
geological antiquity, [49], [52], [53], [54]
gesture language, [388-394]
“gibba,” chewed bone, [176]
“Gibberi,” circumcision, [242]
Gibraltar skull, [23], [32]
Ginmu Tribe, [4], [253]
girls accompany women instructors, [85]
Glenelg River, [xi], [159], [288], [312], [333], [344]
goanna, [127]
Gondwana, [55], [56]
Good Spirit, [294], [295]
goose hunting, [138], [139]
“gorri,” a game played on the Humbert River, [76], [77]
gouge, bone, [314]
grasshopper, [387]
grass tree, cover when emu hunting, [140];
flower stalks used for making spear shafts, [195]
grave posts, [207]
Great Australian Bight, [66], [141], [169], [192], [199]
great emu ceremony, [274 et seq.]
Grey, Sir George, [xi], [219], [272], [340], [343], [344]
Gribble, E. R., [17]
Groote Island, [101], [164], [197]
ground drawings, [282], [326], [327]
grubs, [122-125]
gruesome rite, [247], [290]
“gummanda,” cicatrices, [238]
H
habitations, [101-105]
half-castes, [59], [60]
hailstone (“Imbodna”), mythical stone, [264]
hair, [46], [47];
belts, [116];
cutting of, [117];
pins (wooden), [47]
Hakea bark, charcoal used for blackening hair, [285]
hammers, stone, [360]
hand-ball, [77]
hand-like feet, [10-12]
hand-prints in caves, [321], [322]
hand-mills, [319], [361]
hardening the child, [236]
hatchets, stone, [362], [363]
hawk traps, [137], [138]
head-biting during initiation, [244], [245]
head-dress, of emu ceremony, [277];
of “tjilba purra” (phallic) ceremony, [287]
head-rests, [105]
height of aboriginal, [16], [17]
Helix perinflata, [121]
Hickson, Sydney, [49]
hide and seek, [78], [79]
Higgin, A. J., [157]
hollow trees used as shelters, [102]
honey, wild bees’, [145];
drink, [153], [154]
honey-ant, [146], [147]
Howitt, Dr. A. W., [295]
human chain-pattern, [353], [354], [355]
human form, pictographic representation of, [353-358]
Humbert River, [76], [320], [324], [336], [337], [352], [353], [403]
Humboldt, Alexander von, [20]
humerus, [16]
hunt, objects of the, [121]
hunting, [120-147];
buffalo, [144], [145];
crocodile, [134];
dingo, [141];
dugong, [134-137];
emu, [129-140];
geese, [138], [139];
hawks, [137], [138];
kangaroo, [141-144];
opossum, [140], [141];
turtle, [132], [133];
whistling duck, [139];
wallaby, [141];
wombat, [141]
hunting instinct, [120], [121]
hunting with fire, [126]
huts, [102-105]
Huxley, Thomas, [24]
hypertrichosis, [46]
I
“ilbarinam,” tjuringa, [xi]
“ilja-imbadja,” hand marks in caves, [321]
“ilgarukna,” venesection, [275]
“illiya tjuringa,” emu ceremony, [274 et seq.]
“ilpalinja,” sun worship, [265-267]
“Iltdana,” evil spirit, [292]
Ilyauarra Tribe, [4], [205]
“Imbodna,” a mythical hailstone, [264]
“Imboromba,” a spirit father’s mate, [287]
imitation, of the plovers’ call, [70], [265], [379], [386];
of the dingo’s howl, [70];
of the jungle fowl’s call, [380];
of the crow’s call, [378];
of the crocodile, [377];
of the emu, [279], [378]
“Indorida,” the mate of Rukkutta, [291]
infant betrothal, [221]
infant, treatment of, [64-68];
rubbing milk and charcoal over body of, [65];
singeing hair of, with fire stick, [65]
“ingada,” a chief, [226]
Ingada Ladjia Knaninja, leader of yam ceremony, [281]
“ingwitega,” munyeroo, [150]
inion, [36]
initiation, [230-256];
amputation of finger-joints, [253], [254];
of the female, [252], [253];
origin of, [251], [252];
without mutilation, [249]
instinct for locating water, [96]
interment, [205-207]
internal angular process, [25]
interrogatives, [403]
intitjuma, ceremonies, [274]
intoxicating drink, [153], [154]
introduction to a tribe, [1-3]
iris, [25]
“irr,” [171];
expression of disgust, [118]
“irriakutta,” yelka, [149]
J
“jarrulge,” mulga apple, [152]
Jewish features, [26]
“jingardti,” a chief, [226]
Joyce, Capt. T. A., [x]
judge of character, [228]
“judja,” a chief, [226]
jungle fowl, corrobboree of, [380], [381]
jus primae noctis, [256]
justice, idea of, [227]
K
“kadabba,” phallus, [283], [284]
Kai Kai, an old medicine man, [180]
“kaidi,” tjuringa, [270]
kaili (boomerang), used as musical instrument, [383];
miniature, for practice, [82]
Kaitidji (Kaitish) Tribe, [4], [92], [364]
Kakera, marriage group, [220]
Kakatu Tribe, [4], [267]
“kaleya pubanye,” the sitting emu (coal sack), [332]
“kaloa,” raft, [160];
toy models of, [82]
“kalumba,” nardoo, [150]
“kalunuinti,” phallus, [288]
“kanbanna,” paddles, [159]
kangaroo, charcoal drawings of, [321], [326], [336], [337];
conventional representation of, [350];
corrobboree of, [381];
hunt, [141-144];
ochre drawings of, [327], [328];
origin of “arre,” its name, [387];
tjuringa design of, [349], [352]
“kapa” or “kadje,” water lily, [151]
“kapi wiyinna,” magic water stick, [264]
“karru,” milky way, [349]
“karwinnunga,” shield, [173]
“käu,” vide [Coo-ee], [142]
“käu-käu,” chewed bone, [176]
“kaula,” native pear, [152]
Keith, Sir Arthur, [x]
kidney fat and marrow of dead warriors eaten, [189]
Killalpaninna, [290];
“killa wulpanna,” [290], [291]
King Sound natives, [50], [82], [88], [132], [151], [159], [283], [309], [311], [330], [358], [363], [396]
kitchen-middens, [121], [122]
Klaatsch, Professor Hermann, [x], [25], [28], [29], [42], [50]
“Knaninja,” [xi], [265], [271], [274], [280], [281], [282], [285], [327], [341], [352], [353]
“Knaninja Arrerreka,” mythical sun creature, [265];
ceremonies of, [274]
knives, stone, [364]
“knudda” (fat) of witchedy, [342]
“Knurriga Tjilba Purra” (phallus), [286];
head of the Kukadja, [285]
kobong, [xi], [219], [226], [232], [269], [271], [272], [340]
Kochia bush, used for making vegetable-down, [276]
Kolaia Tribe, [4], [65]
“kolldürr,” stone spear-head, [370]
Kukadja, [285], [286], [292], [293]
Kukata Tribe, [4], [32], [81], [82], [87], [184], [200], [205], [236], [241], [242], [248], [255], [288], [296], [318], [361], [362]
“kukerra,” playing stick, [82], [83]
Kumara marriage group, [220]
Kunapippi, a mythical witch, [271]
Kurdaitja, an evil creature, [71], [72]
“kurreke tata,” the plover, [70], [265], [386]
“kutturu,” fighting stick, practice, [87];
duels, [165-168];
embodied in head-gear, [280]
Kuyanni Tribe, [4], [362]
“Kwatje,” water, ceremonies, [274]
“Kwatje purra,” magic water stick, [264]
L
lachrymal bone, [25]
lactation, artificial, [20]
“ladjia,” or yam tjuringa, [280 et seq.], [337];
design of, [347]
Lake Eyre, [50]
lances, [193]
“langa langa,” a shell knife used for “cutting the shadow,” [175]
“langu,” native pear, [152]
language, [xii], [386-405]
lanugo, [46], [49]
La Perouse, [107]
Larrekiya Tribe, [4], [62], [77], [111], [130], [131], [139], [142], [163], [164], [170], [196], [201], [202], [205], [207], [208], [210], [230], [249], [252], [332], [374], [379], [384]
legs, [14]
Lemuria, [55], [56]
lerp manna, [147]
leucoderma, [43]
licentiousness, [224], [254]
“lionila,” a club, [170]
lipomas, [6]
lips, [31]
living skeletons, [21]
lizards, [126];
designs of, [334], [335]
lobulus, piercing of, [30]
log rafts, [158-160]
“lorngai,” feather wig, [50]
lumbo-sacral curve, [9]
“lurra,” a lipoma, [6]
M
MacDonnell Ranges, [50], [92], [127], [146], [153], [155], [218], [226], [285], [291], [341], [362], [364], [405]
Maiyarra’s conception, [61];
accouchement, [63]
Malay bêche-de-mer fishers, [57]
manna, [147]
mastoid process, [30]
“marimba,” wallaby bone used for loosening a tooth, [236]
marine molluscs, [121], [122]
marital relationships between man and woman, [222], [223]
marriage systems, [218], [219], [220], [221];
allotment of infant, [221], [222]
“marriwirri,” wooden sword, [170]
Marsdenia Leichhardti, native pear, [152]
Marsilea quadrifolia, nardoo, [150]
mastoid process, [29]
maternity, peculiar belief concerning, [62]
medicine man, [179-182], [264], [265], [273], [294];
attends council meeting, [225], [226];
treating a patient, [181], [182]
meeting an Australian tribe, [3]
Melophorus inflatus, honey ant, [146]
Melville Islanders, [77], [93], [144], [159], [161], [163], [192], [207], [238], [249], [309], [310], [323], [373], [380]
“memba,” a feather wig, [50]
mental foramen, [29]
Menuaitja, marriage group, [220]
“merliadda,” fire walking, [236]
migrations of early man, [56]
“mika,” a bark food carrier, [92]
mika operation, [245-249]
milk squirted at strangers, [228]
milk and charcoal rubbed over newly-born child, [65]
Milky Way, [332], [349], [350]
Milk-bush, [387]
mimicry, powers of, [371]
“mingul,” pitjuri, [155]
Minning Tribe, [4], [170], [218], [220], [260], [270], [334]
“miri,” hand mill-stone, [361]
modesty, sense of, [107]
“moiranje,” a pubic tassel, [114]
molars, [32]
Mollinya ceremony, [250]
Mongarrapungja, head of the Kukadja, [292], [293]
Mongoloid migration, [56], [59]
moon legends, [267-269]
moon man, [267], [268]
monkeys, appreciation of, by aborigines, [89], [90]
mopoke, [386]
“moru” (Tephrosia), a fish poison, [139]
mothers charged with callousness, [65]
mourning, customs of, [208-215];
second period of, [214]
mourning ceremony, comic imitation of, [380]
mouth, [31-33]
mud-balling, [75]
mud slides, [73], [74]
mulga apple, [152]
Mulluk Mulluk Tribe, [4], [25], [112], [197], [206], [365], [404]
mummies, [208]
munyeroo, [149], [150]
Muramura, the Supreme Number, [271]
Murchison district, type of spear-thrower of, [200]
Musgrave Ranges, [48], [97], [102], [108], [109], [127], [143], [146], [151], [155], [329], [332], [360]
music and dance, [371-385]
music sticks, [374], [375], [379], [380]
mussel (Unio), [121];
knife used for “cutting the shadow,” [175]
mutilations, after return of circumcision candidate, [243];
after mika operation, [248];
amputation of finger joints, [253], [254];
at mourning ceremonies, [209], [210], [211], [213];
head biting, [245];
of female, [255], [256];
upon receipt of sad news, [210]
N
Nangali, a mythical water-man, [264]
“nangarri,” the medicine man, [179], [180], [181], [182], [264], [265], [273], [294];
treating a patient, [181], [182]
nardoo, [150]
Narrinyerri Tribe, [4], [95], [169], [200], [214], [296]
naso-labial folds, [27]
native pear (Marsdenia) design, [351], [353]
native well, [96]
Nature worship, [257]
“naualla,” cicatrices, [238]
navigation, [158-164]
Neanderthal skeleton, [15], [23], [24], [25]
Needlebush (Hakea lorea), [98], [111]
negative chin, [29]
negative words, [398]
Negroid, [15], [28], [29], [34], [56], [59]
newly-born infant, treatment of, [64], [65]
“ngadanji,” tjuringa of phallic significance, [xi]
Ngadeja marriage group, [220]
Ngameni Tribe, [xiv], [4], [82], [155], [205], [237], [361], [362]
Ngardaddi, a mythical fire thief, [261], [262]
“ngongu nerbai,” a stone spear-head, [370]
“nimmerima,” an emu-spear, [139]
nomenclature, defining the individual, [216-218];
connected with marriage system, [218], [219]
Northern Territory tribes, [76], [108], [112], [115], [116], [126], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [138], [142], [151], [174], [190], [195], [196], [197], [200], [201], [202], [208], [209], [211], [237], [253], [286], [313], [320], [323], [336], [349], [365], [367], [373], [374], [379], [405]
Northern Kimberleys tribes, [77], [82], [86], [92], [95], [97], [109], [116], [125], [131], [139], [151], [173], [195], [200], [206], [208], [214], [232], [244], [249], [256], [284], [288], [311], [313], [330], [340], [343], [360], [367]
nose, [26-28];
boring of septum, [230], [231]
nuclei, stone, [364]
Nullarbor Plains tribes, [169], [251]
numerals, [396], [397]
Nyege, Supreme Spirit, [295]
Nymphaea stellata, blue water lily, [151]
O
Obesity, [6]
occipital bone, [39]
ochre drawings, at ceremonials, [325], [326];
on bark, [323];
on the body, [324], [325], [326];
on weapons, [323], [324]
ochre, smeared over corpse, [208];
over emissaries at initiation, [254];
over infant, [65];
over initiate in tooth-rapping ceremony, [234];
over initiate in circumcision ceremony, [241];
over sacred stone, [291];
preparation of for barter, [113], [318];
preparation as a pigment, [318], [319]
ointments, [115]
“oladda,” bark food-carrier, [65]
“omelette” of emu egg, [125], [126]
Ooldea, [48]
operating knife, [242], [364], [365]
opossums, carried on the head, [88];
hunting of, [140], [141];
suckled by gin, [91]
orbita, [25], [26]
orders of the day, [91]
“oridja,” truffle, [151]
origin of aboriginal, [52]
orthognathism, [29]
os inca, [35]
outriggers, [164]
oven-stones, [360], [361]
P
paddles, [163]
Pandanus cider, [153], [154]
Panunga marriage group, [220]
“parapara,” nardoo, [150]
parietal bone, [35]
“parli,” the north-western form of wanningi, [356]
Parnkalla Tribe, [4], [199]
patting the chest, a form of salutation, [3]
“päuya,” native pear, [152]
pearl shell coverings, [115], [313], [355]
peroneus muscle, [12]
perspective, generally absent in drawings, [334], [338], [339]
pets kept in camp, [88]
“peturr,” pitjuri, [155]
phallic worship, [x], [xi], [282-292]
phallus, [249], [283-292];
water producing, [264]
philosophical instincts, [116], [117]
Pidunga Tribe, [4], [317]
pigmentation of skin, [41-43], [59]
pitch, changing of, while rendering a song, [376], [377]
pitchi, bark food-carrier, [92]
Pithecanthropus, [15], [55]
pitjuri, [113], [139], [155], [156], [157]
piturine, [157]
placenta, [64]
platform burial, [207], [208]
platycnemia, [15]
platypus design, [304], [306]
playing “father and mother,” [79]
playing stick, [82]
Pleistocene gravels, [53]
plover, the “rainmaker,” [70], [265];
imitating call of stone plover, [379];
origin of its name, [386]
plurality, expression of, [400]
“pointing” the bone, [174-178]
Ponga Ponga Tribe, [4], [88], [112], [184], [197], [198], [365]
Port George IV, [65], [94], [238], [283], [310]
Port Hedland carvings, [299-303], [329]
Port Jackson carvings, [299], [300]
portulaca, [147]
positive chin, [29]
“pot-belly,” [21]
pounders, stone, [360]
pregnancy, artificial interference with, [64]
“prelja,” manna, [147]
premolars, [33]
prepuse, resection of, [242]
“primitive snout,” [27]
prognathism, [28]
pronouns, [401-403]
prostitutes, [223]
pubic coverings, [114], [115], [243], [249], [313]
“puli,” stone used in tooth-rapping ceremony, [236]
Pultara marriage group, [220]
“purra,” phallus, [287]
Purula marriage group, [220]
“putta ildurra,” stone dagger, [172]
Psylla, [147]
Q
Queensland, [50], [53], [80], [84], [94], [102], [104], [124], [131], [137], [155], [163], [190], [208], [299], [308], [316], [362]
R
radius selected for “bone,” [215]
rafts, [158-160]
rainmakers, [264], [265]
“rattappa,” foetal elements, [287], [291]
rattles, boab nuts, sea shells, and gum leaves, [374]
red-hot coal placed on forearm, [87], [88]
reed spear, [171], [194]
religious ideas, [257-296]
repetition of action, verbally expressed, [397], [398]
retouche, [370]
rhinal fissure, [39]
rhythm, [372], [377], [383]
River Murray Tribes, [66], [100], [102], [108], [114], [121], [160], [169], [192], [195], [200], [208], [213], [310], [313], [365], [367], [373]
rivers, extinct in Australia, [59]
rock carvings, [299-308]
rock shelter, [322]
Roebuck Bay, [170]
Roper River Tribe, [153], [197], [249], [270], [287]
Roth, Dr. Walter, [48], [80], [84]
Rukkutta, a tribal ancestor, [291]
S
sacral bone, [9]
sacred ceremonies, [273 et seq.];
ceremonial object (“tjilbakuta”), [276], [278], [280];
emu tjuringa, [274 et seq.];
“kwatje” tjuringa, [274]
sacred ground of tjuringa, [272], [273]
sacred ground drawing, “Etominja,” [282]
sacred pole, “Djundagalla,” [248], [249];
stored in hut, [266]
sagittal suture, [35]
Salsola kali, [76]
salutations, [105], [106], [404]
Sarcostemma, [387]
saw fish, [131]
scars (tribal), [236-238]
scaphocephaly, [34], [35]
Schweinfurth, Prof. G., [306]
Scleroderma, [152]
scrapers, stone, [363-367];
slate, [366]
sepulchral caves, [214]
sex worship, [257], [282], [289-292]
shell-fish, [122]
shelters, [101-105]
Sherait Tribe, [130], [365]
shield, [173], [188]
ship-of-war, corrobboree of, [382], [383]
shoulder-blade, [16]
sibilant sounds, [402]
sign language, [388-394]
singing, ensemble, [384];
the words of a conversation, [385]
sitting, methods of, [106]
skeins of fur-string used during dance, [373]
skeleton of aboriginal, [5-16], [21-37]
skeleton, imitation of, in body decoration, [325]
skin, colour of, [40-45]
skin drums, [373], [374]
skin water bags, [94], [95]
skins used by southern tribes, [100], [114]
skipping, [83]
skull, [34 et seq.];
capacity of, [37]
sky-shying act, [238], [239]
sleep, order during, [101];
position during, [105]
Smith, Dr. Ramsay, [15], [16], [34]
Smith, Dr. S. A., [53], [54]
smoking ceremony, [253]
snails, [121]
snakes, [126];
mythical, [269]
songs, [377-385];
imitating natural call-notes, [377 et seq.]
Spartan principles, [87]
spears, [190-198];
carefully stored, [112], [113];
heavy, [172], [173];
poisoned, [198];
reed, [171], [194], [195];
stone-bladed, [367];
stone-headed, [196];
types figured, [191];
uses of, [190]
spear-head, stone, [367-370];
method of making, [368-370]
spear-throwers, [199-202]
spine, curvature of, [7];
effect of upright attitude upon, [8];
effect of tree-climbing upon, [13];
proportional lengths of vertebræ and cartilaginous discs, [8];
smallness of vertebræ, [9]
Spinifex, [76]
spokeshave, stone, [365]
squamous portion of temporal bone, [36]
still-born children, [205]
Stirling, Dr. E. C., [15]
Stokes, Lort, [105]
stone age in Australia, [58], [59], [359]
stone-covered huts, [103]
stone implements, [359-370]
Strehlow, Rev. Carl, [x]
subincision, [245-249];
sensual excitement at, [248]
sulcus lunatus, [38]
Sunday Islanders, [65], [66], [78], [82], [84], [89], [93], [117], [176], [295], [331], [355], [368], [397], [398], [401], [403], [404]
sun-men, [267]
sun worship, [265-267]
superlative expressions, [399]
Supreme Spirit, [xi], [400]
T
“takul,” mulga apple, [152]
Talgai skull, [33], [53]
Talleri, the eternal home of all spirits, [296]
“taralje,” a spear-thrower, [200]
Tasmania, separated from the mainland, [119]
Tasmanians, [14], [15], [16], [28], [31], [34], [35], [37], [49]
“tchewa,” flat stone of hand-mill, [361]
“tdela,” head-dress, [280]
Tecoma Australis, [195], [196]
teeth, [31]
temperament, [229]
Tennants Creek, calvarium, [53];
the home of Kukadja men, [285]
Tephrosia, a poison plant, [139]
terminal syllables, [398], [399]
the day’s march, [91-99]
Therapon, drawing of, [328]
thigh bone, [14], [15]
third trochanter, [15]
thorns, removal of in camp, [117], [118]
throwing competition, [78]
thunder, [387]
tibialis posticus muscle, [16]
time, beating of, [372], [373];
fixing of, [395];
representation of, [351]
“tip-cat,” [78]
“tjilbakuta,” a sacred ceremonial object, [276], [278], [280]
“tjilba-purra,” a phallus, embodied in head-gear, [287];
Altjerra-Knaninja drawing, [327]
Tjingali Tribe, [4], [308]
“tjulu,” a stone operating knife, [242]
tjuringa, [217], [311];
Altjerra-Kutta, [291];
acting as a talisman, [273];
carried by initiation emissaries, [242];
carved stone, [309];
caterpillar, [350], [352], [353];
ceremonies, [274 et seq.];
in the sky, [334];
inspirited by a deity, [270];
kangaroo, [349], [352];
mythical origin of Kunapippi, [271];
native pear, [351], [353];
of sun ceremony, [265], [266];
produced at female initiation ceremony, [255];
stored in sacred caves, [272], [343];
witchedy grub, [348];
yam pattern, [337]
Tjurrega marriage group, [220]
“tjutanga,” tooth-rapping rod, [236]
“toki,” a waterlily, [151]
tomahawks, stone, [362], [363]
Tomkinson Ranges, [48], [67], [114], [143], [227]
tooth-ache, [32]
tooth pick, [32]
tooth-pointed spear-thrower, [201]
tooth-rapping ceremonies, [231-236];
“antjuarra,” [235], [236];
gum forced back with finger nail, [235];
knocking the tooth out, [235]
tops, [83]
“totem,” [xi], [219], [226], [269], [270], [271], [272], [273], [279], [280], [282], [285], [339], [340], [341], [351], [353]
“totem,” ancestors, [274];
ceremonies, [274];
food and hunting restrictions, [273]
“totemic” designs, [339-343], [346], [351], [352], [353]
Toxotes, drawing of, [328]
toys, [79 et seq.]
toy, boomerang, [82];
dart, [82];
raft, [82];
spears, [81], [194];
weapons, [80], [81]
tracks, drawn in sand, [71-73];
representations of, [347-349]
tree-climbing, [12-14], [123], [124];
competitions in, [75], [76]
tree-felling by fire, [124], [141]
Triassic period, [56]
tribal organizations, [216-224]
tribal husbands, [224]
tribal law, [226]
Trigonia in Australia, [58], [59]
truffle (Scleroderma), [151], [152]
trumpets, bamboo, [375], [376], [379]
tubera frontalia, [35]
Tukura, a great Spirit, [295], [296], [356]
Tukurata, the Supreme Number, [271]
Tukutita, the Supreme Number, [271]
“turapitti,” artificial fire-flies, [376]
Turbo undulata, [122]
turtle, eggs, [126];
hunting, [132], [133], [160]
turtle designs, [335], [346]
Tutrarre, a mythical dog, [267]
twins, [63], [64]
U
Ullbönnalenna water hole, [97]
“ullyinga,” witchedy hook, [125]
Ulparidja group, [48]
umbilical cord, treatment of, [64]
Unio, [121]
Unio pictorum, [319]
upright attitude, see [spine], [7 et seq.]
urethrotomia, [245-249]
“utnguringita” or witchedy grub drawings, [341-343]
u-within-u designs, [351], [352], [353]
V
Veddahs, [25], [58]
vegetable diet, [148-152]
vegetable down, [275], [276]
venesection, [275]
verbs, conjugations of, [400], [401]
vermin-proof platform larders, [105]
Victoria River tribes, [62], [75], [76], [77], [103], [105], [128], [146], [211], [243], [253], [266], [285], [292], [319], [321], [323], [325], [326], [332], [336], [367], [373], [375]
Victorian basalts, human bones beneath, [54]
vocal productions, [376 et seq.]
W
waddies, [168 et seq.]
“wadua,” white vegetable-down, [276]
“wagal-wagal,” a tjuringa, [270]
walking, [12];
in single file, [118]
wallaby, hunting of, [141]
“waketo,” munyeroo, [150]
“wanjerra,” red vegetable down, [276]
“wanna,” yam sticks, [148]
wanningi, [240], [244], [356], [357]
Waraka, a spirit father, [287]
war council, [184]
warfare, [183-189]
“warrakinna,” pitjuri, [155]
Warramunga Tribe, [4], [92]
Warrupu, a Minning ancestor, [260]
Warrida-jinna (eagle hawk’s claw), Southern Cross, [349]
Warrnambool footprints, [54]
water, in Currajong, Bloodwood and Needlebush, [98];
supplies guarded against pollution, [97];
transported by women, [91], [92]
water carriers, [92-95]
water ceremonies, [274]
water legend, [263], [264]
water mallee, Eucalyptus dumosa, [98]
water men, “atoa kwatje,” [264], [265]
water lily tubers, [151]
water supplies, [96], [97]
weaning of children, [66]
Wellington caves, [54]
Wenoinn, a Minning ancestor, [260]
white ants added to acacia flour, [150], [151]
“white blackfellow,” [42]
Wickham River, [248]
“widida,” native truffle, [151]
widow, [212-214];
claimed by deceased husband’s brother, [213];
cutting off of hair, [213];
re-opening scalp wound, [213];
skull caps of gypsum, [213]
“wilpa,” a wallaby, [141]
“winudtharra,” honey ant, [147]
Winyeru, initiation ceremony, [242], [248]
“wirrauwa,” a bark bucket, [94]
Wirrewarra, the eternal home of all Spirits, [296]
witchedy grub, [122], [123], [124], [125];
sacred drawings of, [341-343];
“totemic” designs, [351-352]
witchedy hook, [124], [125]
Wogait Tribe, [4], [62], [83], [109], [116], [130], [131], [139], [170], [196], [197], [198], [201], [208], [243], [244], [332], [365], [374], [379]
woman, corrobboree of, [383]
wombat hunt, [141]
women, the recognized carriers, [112]
Womma, the Milky Way, [350]
wommera, spear-thrower, [180], [199-202]
Wongapitcha Tribe, [3], [4], [47], [48], [67], [92], [95], [111], [114], [121], [122], [147], [151], [152], [153], [155], [184], [200], [205], [218], [235], [236], [242], [255], [259], [349], [361], [396], [398]
Wongkanguru Tribe, [4], [83], [121], [155], [361], [362]
Woods, Rev. Tenison, [43]
Wordaman Tribe, [4], [201], [248]
words derived from natural phenomena, [386], [387];
imitating natural sounds, [386]
Worma Kadiabba, a mythical snake’s head, [269]
Wormian bones, [35]
Worora Tribe, [4], [94], [116], [176], [238], [310], [321], [343], [361], [369]
“Wubbi, wubbi, wubbi, wau!”, the voice of the bull-roarer, [241], [242]
Wulna Tribe, [196]
X
Xanthorrhœa, grass tree, used in emu hunting, [140];
flower stalk used for spear shaft, [195]
Y
yam ceremony, [280]
yams, [151]
yam stick, [148]
yam tjuringa, [280 et seq.], [337], [347]
Yantowannta Tribe, [xiv], [4], [50], [82], [83], [92], [114], [121], [155], [169], [205], [207], [213], [237]
Yarrakinna, ochre mine near Parachilna, [316]
“yarralyi,” beetles supposed to possess ecbolic principles, [64]
Yauroworka Tribe, [xiv], [4], [103]
“yeapatja,” or caterpillar tjuringa, [352], [353]
yelka, [148], [149];
ceremonial drawing of, [327]
“yerumba,” a honey ant, [147]
Yirrerri, neck of emu in the sky, [334]
Yunta rock carvings, [306-308]
Z
Zamia, cicatrices in imitation of, [238];
in Australia, [58]
zygomatic arch, [30]

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