CONTENTS

CHAPTER I
Introduction—Master of the Posts—Posts centred in the Sovereign—Instructions
for their Regulation—Travelling Post—Object of the Post
Office Monopoly[1]
CHAPTER II
The Post through the County of Kent—This Post put under the care of De
Quester—Stanhope of Harrington, as Master of the Posts, asserts his
Rights—Vacillating Decisions of the Privy Council—Sir John Coke—Thomas
Witherings[8]
CHAPTER III
Decadence of the Posts—Witherings's Plan—Introduction of Postage—Concessions
to the common Carrier—Post-haste—Witherings appointed
Master of the Inland as well as the Foreign Posts—His Dismissal—Philip
Burlamachi—Dissensions between the Lords and Commons—Edmund
Prideaux appointed Witherings's Successor[15]
CHAPTER IV
Prideaux's Activity—Unauthorised Post set up to Scotland—System of
Farming—Prideaux ceases to be Master of the Posts—Secretary Thurloe—The
Posts become the Subject of Parliamentary Enactment—Rates of
Postage—Letters circulate through London—The Travelling Post not a
Source of Revenue—Clement Oxenbridge[24]
CHAPTER V
Frequent Change of Farmers—Tediousness of the Course of Post—Existence
of the Posts not a matter of common Knowledge—Dockwra's Penny
Post—Introduction of Postmarks—Penny Post incorporated into the
General Post—Dockwra's Dismissal[33]
CHAPTER VI
Posts regarded as Vehicles for the Propagation of Treason—Wildman—Cotton
and Frankland—Post Office Establishment—Revenue—Building in
Lombard Street—Dispersion of Letters—Salaries and Wages—Newspapers—Drink
and Feast Money—Post-horses—Quartering of Soldiers—Postmasters'
Emoluments—Scotland—Ireland—Bye-letters—Illicit
Traffic—Treasury Control—Post Offices grouped together and let out to
farm—Stephen Bigg—Expresses—Flying Packets—State of the Roads—Progress
of the Penny Post—Appointment of Secretary and Solicitor—Purchase
of Premises in Lombard Street[43]
CHAPTER VII
State of the Packet Service—Ship Letters—Special Boats built for the
Harwich Station—M. Pajot, Director of the French Posts—Establishment
of West India Packets—Edmund Dummer, Surveyor of the Navy—Regulations
for the Management of the Packet Stations—Conditions
of Employment—Smart and Bounty Money—Passes required for Passengers—and
for Goods—Regulations habitually infringed—Smuggling—Packets
forbidden to give Chase—Practice on Capture of a Prize—Packet
Stations at Falmouth and at Harwich conducted on different Principles—Packets
employed to carry Recruits—Letters not to be carried in Foreign
Bottoms—Court-Post—Restoration of Packet Service with Flanders—John
Macky, Packet Agent at Dover—The Postmasters-General act as
Purveyors of News to the Court—Their Interview with Godolphin—Posts
set up for the Army in Flanders—Packet Establishment placed on
a Peace Footing—Dummer's Bankruptcy and Death[72]
CHAPTER VIII
American Posts—Thomas Neale—Andrew Hamilton—Ocean Penny Postage—Posts
transferred to the Crown—Become self-supporting[110]
CHAPTER IX
Condition of the Post Office in Scotland at the time of the Union—Inaction
of the English Post Office—Charles Povey—William Lowndes—Diversion
of Postage from the Crown to the Public—Postage Rates increased—Electoral
Disabilities—Restrictions on the common Carrier—Modification
of the Penny Post—Post-horses—Franking—Illicit Traffic in Letters—Treasury
Inconsistency—Post Office Farmers converted into Managers—Treaty
with France—Matthew Prior—Single and Double Letters—Change
of Postmasters-General—Disagreements with Merchants—Twopenny
Post—Comparative Statement of Revenue—Gross and Net Revenue
confounded[117]
CHAPTER X
Allen's Contract—General Review—The Secretary's Dismissal—Earl of Abercorn's
Complaint—Sketch of Allen's Plan—His Qualifications for carrying
it into effect—His local Knowledge—His Difficulties with Postmasters—Post-boys—Illegal
Conveyance of Letters—Contrast between Allen's Mode
of Procedure and that of the Post Office—Posts increased in Frequency—Opening
of Letters—Falmouth Packets—Late Delivery of Foreign
Letters—Erection of Milestones—Letters containing Patterns and Writs—Apertures
to Letter-boxes—Expresses—Highwaymen—Bank Notes—Decadence—Allen's
Death[146]
CHAPTER XI
Penny Post—Franking—Newspapers—Clerks of the Roads—Numbering of
Houses—Scotch and Irish Posts—Receiving Offices—Gratuities on Delivery—Appeal
to the Courts—Appointment of Letter-carriers—Attempt
to curtail the Limits of the Penny Post frustrated—Benjamin Franklin—Post
Office Monopoly in matter of Horses abolished—Disfranchising Act—Causes
of Disquietude[187]
CHAPTER XII
Palmer's Plan—Objections—First Mail-coach—Post-coach—Increase in Rates
of Postage—Restrictions upon Franking—Obstruction alleged—Anthony
Todd—Transitional Period—Stages—Earlier Closing of the General
Post Office—Emoluments from Bell Ringing—Internal Dissensions—Tankerville's
Dismissal—Corruption—Surveyors—Conditions of Palmer's
Appointment—Abuses—Fees and Perquisites—Expresses—Registration—Palmer's
Improvements—Packet Service—Smuggling—Flagitious Expenditure—Todd's
Emoluments—Pitt's Indisposition to expose Abuses—Lord
Walsingham—Daniel Braithwaite—Essays in Cause of Economy—Milford
Haven and Waterford Packets—Pitiable Condition of the Clerks
of the Roads—The King's Coach—His Illness and Prayer for his Recovery—Strange
Treatment of Official Papers—George Chalmers—Palmer's
Jealousy—Mail Guards—Creation of a Newspaper Office—Walsingham
attempts to check Irregularities—His inveterate Habit of Scribbling—Exposes
an Attempt at Imposition—Curious Practice as regards the
Delivery of Foreign Letters—Earl of Chesterfield—Insubordination on
Palmer's Part—Appeal to Pitt—Charles Bonnor—Palmer's Suspension—Chesterfield's
Letter—Interview with Pitt—A Second Interview—Palmer's
Dismissal—Bonnor's Promotion[208]
CHAPTER XIII
Model of Mail coach—Patent Coaches—Thomas Hasker—His pithy Instructions—Roof-loading—The
King's Interest in his Coach—General Result
of Palmer's Plan—Condition of the country Post Offices—Francis Freeling—Enlargement
of the General Post Office—Communication with
France—Bank Notes cut in half—Letter-carriers put into Uniform—Grant
to Post Office Servants—Development of the Penny Post—Edward
Johnson—Excessive Absence among the Letter-carriers—By the Penny
Post prepayment ceases to be compulsory—The Ten-mile Limit—Origin
of the Twopenny Post—Dead Letter Office—American and West Indian
Correspondence—Correspondence for the India House—Post with the
Channel Islands—Further Restrictions on Franking—Bankers' Franks—Patterns
and Samples—Metropolitan Cart Service—Horse and Cross
Posts—Rates of Postage increased—Mysterious doings of the Packets—Brilliant
Engagements—Post Office Usage—Counsels' Fees—New Years'
Gifts—Todd's Indifference to Censure—His Death[281]
CHAPTER XIV
Ship-letter Office—Increase in Rates of Postage—Abolition of the Penny
Post—Invoices and Bills of Lading—Convention Posts—Prosecutions—Auckland's
Pleasantries—Repressive Powers—Guarding the Horse-mails—Recovery
of stolen Mail Bag—Troubles with Contractors—Surveyors
deprived of their Post Offices—Rates of Postage again increased—Threepenny
Post—Post Office Revenue—William Cobbett—Early or Preferential
Delivery—Treatment of Foreign Newspapers—Newspaper Summaries—The
Times—Olney Post—-Death-blow to Convention Posts—Turnpike
Trusts—Exemption from Toll—Roads discoached—Yet further
Increase in Rates of Postage—Bewildering Complications—Want of
Publicity—Exemption from Toll abolished in Scotland—Returned-letter
Office—New Ship-letter Act—Mail Service to India and the Cape—Generosity
of the East India Company—Eulogistic Letter[328]
CHAPTER XV
The Irish Post Office—British Mail Office—Earl of Clancarty—Edward Smith
Lees—Abuses—Express Clerks and Clerks of the Roads—Alphabet—Provision
for Soldiers' Wives—Thomas Whinnery, Postmaster of Belfast—Charles
Bianconi—Holyhead Packets—Opposition Packets started by
Lees—Steam Packets—Competition—Land Communication with Ireland—London
and Holyhead Coach—Sir Arthur Wellesley—State of the
Roads—Road between Holyhead and Shrewsbury—Thomas Telford—John
London Macadam—Road between Shrewsbury and London—Postage
over the Conway and Menai Bridges[366]
CHAPTER XVI
Appointment of Second Postmaster-General abolished—Other Economies—Transfer
of the Falmouth Packets to the Admiralty—Speed of Mail-coaches—Mail-coaches
the Disseminators of News—Newspapers—Sir
Henry Parnell—Royal Commission—General Review—Gerrard Street—Headquarters
of the General Post Office removed to St. Martin's-le-Grand—Branch
Offices—Morning Delivery expedited—First Mail sent by Railway—Duke
of Richmond—Incorporation of the Irish Post Office with
the Post Office of Great Britain—Lord Althorp—Limits of the General
Post Delivery—Packet Service put up to public Competition—Abolition
of the Newspaper Privilege—Dissatisfaction with the Post Office—Money
Order Office—Unsatisfactory Returns to the House of Commons—Indisposition
to carry out Reforms—More unsatisfactory Returns—New Contract
for Mail-coaches—Freeling's Despondency—and Death[396]
APPENDIX[429]
INDEX[439]