| | |
| Assyrians and Babylonians. | Lydians. |
| B.C. | |
| Empire | 1221—711 | Atyadæ to 1221. |
| Semiramis | 747—733 | Heraclidæ, 1221—716. |
| Medic Revolt | 711 | Gyges, 716. |
| Babylonia | Media, etc. | Ardys, 678. |
| Nitocris, 604 to 561. | Deioces, 700. | Cimmerians take Sardis, 634. |
| Turns the Euphrates and improves Babylon. | Div. the Medes. | Sadyattes, 629. |
| Labynetus (Belshazzar), son of Nitocris, succeeds. | Phraortes, 647. | Milesian war, 622—610. |
| Arbitrates between Cyaxares and Alyattes. | Invades Assyria | Alyattes, 617. |
| Perished before Nineveh. | Drove out Cimmerians, 613. |
| Cyaxares, 625. | War with Cyaxares, 602. |
| Conq. Assyria. | Crœsus, 560. |
| Besieges Nineveh, 603. | Conquers Greeks. |
| Scythian invasion, 624-596. | Visited by Solon. |
| Astyages, 585. | |
| Cyrus born, 571. | |
| King in sport, 561. | |
| | |
| Persian Empire | |
| Cyrus, king 550. |
| Attacked by Crœsus. Conquers Lydia,and takes Sardis. Mazares punishes Lydian rebels. Harpagus takes Phocæa,conquers Ionia and Æolis. |
| Babylon taken by Cyrus, 536. |
| Massagetan expedition. Cyrus slain, 530. |
| Cambyses, 530-523. Conquers Egypt, 525. Unsuccessful expedition againstthe Ethiopians and Ammonians. Wounds Apis. Goes mad. Slays his brotherSmerdis. Marries and kills his sister. Magian revolt. Dies, 523. |
| Smerdis Magus, 523. Conspiracy of the Seven. Death of the Magi. |
| Darius, 522-485. Sends Democydes to spy Greece. Babylonian revolt.Babylon taken by Zopyrus, 516. Restores Syloson to Samos, 512. Barcaconquered, 512. Invades Scythia, 508. Megabazus subdues Thrace. Otanessubdues Lemnos and Imbros. Disturbances in Ionia. Burning of Sardis,503. Cyprians join the revolt, 502; conquered, 501. Miletus taken, 498.Pacification of Ionia, 497. Mardonius marches against Greece, 495.Wrecked at Athos. Darius sends to Greece for earth and water, 493.Expedition of Datis and Artaphernes, 492; enslave Naxos and Eretria,490. Marathon, 490. Preparations for another invasion, 489. Egyptianrevolt, 486. |
| Xerxes, 485-479. Subdues Egypt, 484. Prepares for a Greek expedition.Leaves Susa, April, 481. Winters at Sardis. Battle of Thermopylæ, 480.Takes Athens, 480. Battle of Salamis, Sept., 480. Retires to Asia.Mardonius defeated at Platæa, and the Persian fleet at Mycale, the sameday, Sept. 22, 479. |