INDEX

Agriculture, depression of, before Revolution, [16].
Amelinau case, Danton’s opinion in, [51].
Antoinette, Marie, see “[Marie Antoinette].”
Arcis-sur-Aube, Danton born at, in 1759, [40];
position of, [40];
effect on Danton’s politics, [42];
visited by Danton in 1791, [148];
again in August 1792, [166];
last retirement of Danton to, [237].
Army, condition of, at Valmy, [192];
Danton’s first mission to, [199];
second mission, [204];
third, [209];
position of on Sambre in June 1793, [297];
of “Sambre et Meuse,” [298];
attitude towards Robespierre, [299], [300].
Arnault, witness of Danton’s death, [278].
Arrest of D’Eglantine, [246];
of Hébert, [247];
of Desmoulins and Danton, [248], [249].
Artisans, loss of influence of Church on, [21];
their disfranchisement, [22];
causes of their discontent, the guild, the octroi, [20];
character of before Revolution, numbers, influence of, [19].
Assembly, National, see “[States General].”
Bailly, of the professional class, [24];
opposition of Cordeliers to, [82];
elected mayor of Paris, [112];
resignation of, [152].
Barbarian invasions of ninth century, [13].
Barentin, de, intimacy with Danton, [51], [60].
Barrère, a Bourgeois, [23];
his action on first committee with Danton, [220];
Report against Robespierre, [305], [306].
Bastille, fall of, [73-74];
effect of this, [78-80].
Battles, of Valmy, [192], [193];
of Jemappes, [196];
Neerwinden, [208];
Turcoing, [293];
Fleurus, [298].
Belgium, Danton proposes annexation of, [204].
Bourgeoisie or middle class, effect of Revolution on, definition of, [22], [23];
produces most of the revolutionaries, [23].
Brienne, de, client of Danton’s, [51].
Brissot, draws up petition of Jacobins, [146];
attacked by Desmoulins, [226].
Brunswick, Duke of, his manifesto, [161-166];
his hesitation, [177].
Burning at stake in United States, [5];
by Parliament of Strasbourg in 1789, [5].
Cahiers, their nature, [62], [63];
that of Cordeliers destroyed, [63].
Carnot, a Bourgeois, [23];
in first Committee of Public Safety, [210];
Robespierre’s attack on, [304].
Centralisation, of pre-revolutionary France, [10];
quality of, [10];
before Revolution, examples of, [16];
pre-revolutionary fails to raise revenue, [26];
used as a practical engine of reform, rapid raising of armies, [28].
Charlemagne, marks the end of settled Roman order, [12];
Imperial tradition of in France, [15].
Charleroy, stronghold of Coburg, [297];
captured, [298].
Charpentier, his Café des Écoles, [52];
his daughter marries Danton, Mlle., see “[Wife].”
Châtelet, impossibility of reforming it, [7];
nature of, [98];
issue warrant against Marat, [99];
against Danton, [107].
Church, its loss of power in villages during eighteenth century, [17];
loss of influence over citizens, [21];
not main cause of egalitarian feeling in France, [32];
intention of making Danton a priest in, [44].
Cicé, de, Danton as orator of municipal deputation demands resignation of, [129], [131].
Civil constitution of clergy, see “[Clergy].”
Class system, vigour of, before Revolution, [16].
Classes, social, five principal, before Revolution, [16].
Clergy, Danton’s defence of, [198];
civil constitution of, [118];
its vast importance, [119], [120];
its details, [121];
passes the Assembly, [122];
Louis ratifies, [123].
Coburg, his position on Sambre, [297];
is defeated at Fleurus, [298].
Collot d’Herbois, attacked by Danton in Jacobins, [136];
beaten by Danton in election for Substitute Procureur, [152].
Committee of Public Safety, first, proposed by Isnard, Danton elected, [210];
determines overthrow of Girondins, [223];
Danton resigns from, [234];
Robespierre elected on, [234];
powerful force in winter of 1793, [240];
determination to continue Terror in spite of Danton, [240];
abandons Robespierre, [301].
Commune (before August 1792, see “[Municipality]”), insurrectionary of, August 1792, [161];
increases in power, [172];
Marat joins its “Comité de Surveillance,” [183];
its quarrel with Gironde, [216-228];
opposes committee in winter of 1793, [240];
attacked by Danton, [243];
captured by Robespierre, [293];
attempts to save him and fails, [310-314].
Condorcet, of the professional class, [24];
example of balance of two French tendencies, [27];
demands Republic, [141], [142].
Conseils du Roi, Old Court of Appeals, nature of, [48];
Danton enters at Bar of, [49].
Contrat social, written just after Danton’s birth, [41].
Convention, elections of Paris to, Danton elected to, [188];
its parties, [189];
its appearance on first meeting, [190];
declares Republic, [191];
debate on king’s death in, [201], [202];
votes arrest of Girondins, [202];
Legendre defends Danton in, [253];
St. Just attacks Danton in, [254], [255];
subservience to Robespierre, [296];
outlaws him, [307-310].
Cordeliers, district of, social character, [64];
position of Convent Hall in, [65];
meets after elections, importance of this, [69];
petitions against Danton’s arrest, [108];
merged in section of Théâtre Français, [112].
Cordeliers, club of, contrasted with Jacobins, [80];
their numbers and character, [81];
opposition to new municipality, [82];
determine on independent use of their guard, [83];
attack municipality again, [88], [89];
create Mandat Imperatif, [89];
manifesto to march on Versailles, [91];
oppose Lafayette’s discipline in National Guard, [93];
oath of their deputies, [94];
victory of club over municipality, [96];
campaign against restriction of suffrage, [110-113];
Danton leaves them for Jacobins, [135];
Republican declaration of, on king’s flight, [142];
petition of, on king’s flight, not signed by Danton, [146].
Cordelier, Vieux, published by Desmoulins to protest against Terror, [244].
Court, relations of nobles to, [24];
form party to influence king at Versailles, [85], [86];
last stand in the Tuilleries, [167], [168].
Courts of Law, before Revolution, [48].
Couthon, a Bourgeois, [23];
proposes law on worship of God, [290];
supports Robespierre in committee, [303].
Dannon, his name mistaken for Danton’s, Le Gallois’s misprint, Michelet’s error based on this, [200], [201].
Danton, a Bourgeois, [23];
very typical of nation, his attitude towards Paris, [36];
his rise during the war, [37];
preliminary summary of his career, [35-39];
forerunner of Napoleon, [38];
retirement and death, [39];
born at Arcis-sur-Aube, 1759, age compared with contemporaries, [40];
effect of birthplace on his politics, [42];
his father Procureur at Arcis, [42-43];
family of, house of, social position of father, death of father, fortune of, his mother and aunts, [43];
to be made a priest, [44];
educated by Oratorians, their influence, destined for Bar, [45];
character as boy, [46];
coronation of Louis XVI. seen by, [46-47];
his stepfather Recordain, apprenticed to Vinot, solicitor in Paris, called to Bar at Rheims, [47];
practice in lower courts, [48];
at bar of Conseils du Roi, [49];
his Latin oration, [50];
his opinion in Montbarey case, Du Barentin his client, and De Brienne, his income at Bar, [51];
frequents Charpentier’s Café des Écoles, marriage, dowry of wife, [52];
physical appearance, [53];
energy, style of oratory, knowledge of English and Italian, [54];
reading, pre-revolutionary politics, [55];
private life, [56];
goes to live in Cour du Commerce, [59];
Barentin’s offer of post to, [60];
his relation to masonic lodges, [65];
summary of his condition on outbreak of Revolution, [56-67];
Primary of his District convened, [68];
not president of District during elections, [69];
at Palais Royal, [71];
possibly present at fall of Bastille, [74];
action night after, clashes with Lafayette, [75];
in Club of Cordeliers, [81];
as President of Cordeliers attacks Municipality, [88];
creates Mandat Imperatif, [89];
placards manifesto for march on Versailles, [91];
nature of action supporting Mandat Imperatif, [95];
his success, [96];
elected to municipality, [97];
defends Marat, [101-107];
discovers error in warrant against Marat, [102];
appeals to assembly, [103];
false effect of his attitude, [104-105];
sworn in to municipality, [105];
with Legendre, [106];
goes in deputation to Louis XVI., [106];
warrant for arrest of, issued by Châtelet, [107];
district in his favour, [108];
his proposition for grand jury, appeal to Assembly, decision in his favour, [109];
his policy at close of 1790, [123-125];
rejected at municipal elections of 1790, [125];
moderation during affair of Nancy, [126];
rejected as candidate for Notables, [127];
orator of city deputation (November 1790), [128-131];
elected head of his battalion, [131];
elected to administration of city (1791), [132];
letter to De la Rochefoucald, [134];
appears in Jacobins, [135];
attacks Collot d’Herbois in Jacobins, [136];
speech on death of Mirabeau, [137];
action on April 18, 1791, Desmoulins’ testimony untrustworthy, [138];
attitude during Louis XVI.’s flight, [140-141];
attacks Lafayette at Jacobins on king’s flight, [143-145];
reads Jacobin petition on Champ de Mars, absence from Cordeliers’ manifestation there, [147];
Lafayette orders arrest of (August 4, 1791), [148];
his flight to England, [148-149];
his return, sent by his section to electoral college, [149];
attempted arrest of, [150];
elected substitute to Procureur of Paris (November 1791), [152];
his chances of a prosperous municipal career, [155];
opposes war policy, [156];
speech at Jacobins describing himself, [157];
justice of his opposition to war, [158];
retained on committee of insurrection (July-August, 1792), [161];
goes to Arcis to see his mother, [166];
leads insurrection of August 10, [167];
his position after 10th of August, Minister of Justice, [172];
his determination to form a strong government after fall of monarchy, only practical man in executive in August, 1792, [173];
addresses Assembly as Minister of Justice, his circular to tribunals, [175];
defence of himself in the circular, his power over cabinet, [176];
he and Dumouriez see chance of repelling invasion, [177];
his interview with Roland and ministers on news of invasion reported by Fabre d’Eglantine, [180-181];
his political attitude just before massacres, [182];
he orders domiciliary visits and collection of arms, [183];
his speech, the volunteers, its success, [184];
why he did not interfere during massacres, [185];
anecdote of him during massacres, his future comment on, [186];
elected to Convention by Paris, [188];
his false position in the Mountain, accused of planning massacres, [189];
his appearance on first meeting of Convention, [190];
resigns Ministry of Justice, [191];
repudiates Marat, [192];
his diplomacy secures Prussian retreat after Valmy, [194];
his attitude towards Dumouriez, partial reconciliation with Gironde, [195];
anecdote of theatre and Madame Roland, of meeting with Marat, [196];
his reticence after Jemappes, [197];
speech on Catholicism opposing Cambon, [198];
attempt to reconcile Girondins in meeting at Sceaux, Guadet’s opposition, [198-199];
starts on his first mission to army, [199];
debates on Louis XVI.’s death, misprint of Danton for Dannon, [200];
what he really did in the debate, [201];
unusual violence, [202];
caused by his wife’s illness, [203];
intimacy with Priestley, Talleyrand, his diplomacy spoiled by his own violence on king’s death, demands annexation of Belgium, [204];
second mission to army in Belgium, change of his politics on his return, despairs of reconciling Girondins and Paris, [205];
accounted for by death of his wife, [206];
his military policy and appeal to Paris, [207];
creates Revolutionary Tribunal, [208];
violently attacked for his intimacy with Dumouriez, [209];
supports Isnard’s proposal of Great Committee, is named on it, [210];
compared with Mirabeau, [213];
summary of Danton’s position in Committee, as it changes, [215];
his practical policy impossible with Girondins, [217];
difficulty of following his action in April and May, 1793, speech on acquittal of Marat, [218], [219];
curious action half in favour of Girondins, proposes committee of twelve through Barrère, [220];
but prevents formation of special guard, [221];
Danton, through the Committee, overthrows the Gironde, [226];
his phrase with regard to Girondins, [227];
his difficulty in controlling forces after June 2, 1793, [228];
begins to lose his power, [229];
still retains enough power at end of June to produce Constitution, [230];
and to persuade Convention to his policy, his second marriage, [231];
reasons for it, he loses power still more in July, [232];
puts his name reluctantly to St. Just’s report attacking fallen Girondins, he resigns his place on Committee, [234];
his brilliancy whilst standing alone, great speeches in August, on army, on strengthening government, [235];
his despair and illness, Garat’s interview with him, Desmoulins, [236];
retires to his home at Arcis, [237];
his rest at Arcis, its effects, [237-240];
regret for execution of Girondins, returns to the Convention, [239];
his new politics against the Terror, [241], [242];
his defence of religious liberty and attack on Commune, [243];
Robespierre defends him in Jacobins, Desmoulins helps him, publication of “Vieux Cordelier,” [244-245];
his first check, D’Eglantine arrested, he knows his attempt has failed, [246];
still speaks in Convention, last interview with Robespierre, [247];
Panis comes to warn him, he is arrested, [248];
his trial and death, [249-281];
taken to the Luxembourg with Desmoulins, meets Paine, [249];
policy of his defence, of Committee, [251], [252];
Legendre defends Danton in Convention, [243];
St. Just’s report and vote against Danton, [254-255];
his remarks in the prison, [250], [257], [258];
trial begins, [259];
fear of an armed attempt to save him, his reply to the judges, [261];
charges against Danton, [262];
Westermann’s replies, [263];
Danton’s speech in his own defence, [264], [265], [266];
collusion of judge and prosecutor, [267];
Renault’s defence, [268];
judge and prosecutor appeal to Convention, [269];
St. Just’s second speech to Convention against Danton, [270];
Billaud-Varennes, [271];
taken back to Conciergerie, condemned, his action in prison, [272];
passage to guillotine, [273-279];
passes David, [275];
passes house of Duplay and Robespierre’s window, [276];
he rallies Fabre d’Eglantine, [277];
rhymes sold in Paris same night, [278];
his execution, [279-281];
effects of his death, [282], [283], [284];
contrasted with Robespierre, [285].
Danton, Madame, see “[Wife].”
David, artist, portrait of Danton ([frontispiece]);
animosity against Danton, [271];
sketches the condemned, [275];
false promise to Robespierre, [307].
De Barentin, see “[Barentin].”
De Brienne, see “[Brienne].”
De Cicé, see “[Cicé].”
D’Eglantine, see “[Fabre].”
De Séchelles, see “[Hérault].”
Decree of Dec. 1788, elections, [61].
Desmoulins, Camille, house in Cour du Commerce, [59];
brings news of Necker’s dismissal, [73];
member of Cordeliers, [81];
testimony as to Danton’s action on April 18, 1791, [138];
Danton sleeps in his flat before insurrection of Aug. 10, 1792, [167];
his “Histoire des Brissottins,” allied to Robespierre, [226];
publishes “Vieux Cordelier,” [244];
arrested, [249];
his answer to his judges, [261];
his examination in court, [268];
tears up his written defence, [271];
his frenzy going to guillotine, [275], [276];
his death, [279].
Districts, Paris divided into sixty, [64].
District of Cordeliers, see “[Cordeliers].”
Duke of Brunswick, see “[Brunswick].”
Dumouriez, outflanked before Valmy, [192];
fears to attack, [193];
his political motives, his work with Danton after Valmy, [194], [195];
incident in theatre with Danton, [195], [196];
treason of, [209];
Danton attacked for friendship with, [209], [210].
Education, French, effect of, due to Jesuits, [45];
effect of on Robespierre and Desmoulins, [46];
of Danton, [44-47].
Egalité elected for Paris, [188].
Eglantine, d’, see “[Fabre].”
Elections to, States General decreed, [61];
to first municipality, elected by Cordeliers, [88];
of priests and bishops, [121];
to Legislative, [150];
of Paris to Convention, [188];
of Danton, Bailly, &c., see under their names.
England, Danton’s flight to, [148], [149].
English constitution, flexibility of, [6];
its vices described by Marat, [104].
English language, Danton’s acquaintance with, [54], [249].
English society, homogeneity of in eighteenth century contrasted with the Continent, [73].
Fabre d’Eglantine, poet, member of Cordeliers, [81];
escorts officers of Châtelet through mob, [103];
reports Danton’s interview with other ministers, [180], [181];
arrested, [246];
trial of with Danton, [249-272];
his luxury in prison, [272];
his illness and despair on way to guillotine, [274], [275];
his “Maltese orange,” [276];
rhymes on him and Danton, [278].
Fear, see “[Great].”
Feudalism, founded in troubles of ninth century, [13];
fall of, in July, August, 1789, [83-85].
Feuillants, club of, represents Lafayette’s supporters in Legislative, [151].
Flanders, regiment of, arrives to strengthen court in 1789, [90].
Fleurus, battle of, [298].
Fouquier-Tinville, public prosecutor, his action in Danton’s trial, [267-271].
France, centralisation of, before Revolution, [10];
egalitarianism in, is not due to Roman law or Church, [32];
material state of, prior to Revolution, [10];
before Revolution, character of centralisation in, [11];
imperial tradition in, [16];
origins of social constitution in, [12];
specially suited to growth of Roman law, [15];
Paris the bond of, [31];
re-made by the Revolution, [35];
effect of Rousseau upon, [28], [29];
united by monarchy, led by Paris as the king’s town, [33].
Français, Théâtre, see “[Section].”
Franchise, loss of, by artisans, [21], [22].
French, character of, in pursuing political theories, [26], [27], [28], [29];
courts of law, nature in Ancien Régime, [48];
education, effect of Jesuit influence on, [45];
education, effect of on Robespierre and Desmoulins, Danton’s speech on, [46];
peasantry, owners of land before Revolution, [18];
peasantry, effect of Revolution on, [18];
peasantry, condition before Revolution, [17];
village community, decay of, in eighteenth century, [18];
loss of Church in, [17];
nobility, origin of, as a definite class in ninth century, [13].
French Revolution, see “[Revolution].”
Garat, his interview with Danton, [236], [237].
Garran Coulon, Danton’s return from England on election of, [149].
Girondins, represent the professional class, [24];
declare war, [15-18];
opposition to Danton from the beginning of the Convention, [192];
momentary reconciliation with, [195], [196];
failure of, meeting at Sceaux, Guadet rejects him, [199];
outbreak of quarrel with Paris, [208];
expulsion of, [216-228];
description of their character, excess of idealism, unworkable with Danton’s practical policy, [217];
their misgovernment, opposition of Paris, [218];
bad news from Vendée weakens them in May 1793, [219];
Isnard’s menace to Paris, [212];
firmness during attack, Lanjuinais’ proposal to “break the Commune,” [221];
vote of the twenty-nine arrests, [222];
confusion of their fall to be explained by great Committee, [223];
Danton’s phrase concerning, [227];
Vergniaud and Guadet attacked in St. Just’s report, [234];
Danton’s pity for, [236], [239].
Gobel, schismatic Bishop of Paris, trial under Robespierre, [291].
Great fear, peasants’ rising destroys feudality, [83], [84].
Guadet, Girondin, rejects Danton at Sceaux, [199];
St. Just’s report on, [234].
Guard, National, see “[National Guard].”
Guard, Swiss, their defence of the Tuilleries, [166-169];
demand for vengeance against, by Parisians, [179];
special, proposed for the Convention, [191];
weak demand for, by Girondins, [220].
Hébert, member of the Cordeliers, [81];
his character, [220];
with Commune against Committee in winter, 1793, [240];
Danton’s opposition to his religious persecution, [243];
his arrest and execution, [247].
Henriot, illegally given command of the city forces by the Commune, [219];
at head of attack of Convention, [221], [222];
note sent to, by Committee on Danton’s trial, to prevent a rescue, [261];
attempt to save Robespierre, [311].
Hérault de Séchelles, present at taking of Bastille, [74];
added to Committee, [229];
expelled from Committee, [247];
trial of, [268], [269];
his death, [279].
Herbois, d’, Collot, see “[Collot].”
Herman, judge at Danton’s trial, [260-271].
Income, of Danton at Bar, estimated, [51].
Institution, the, importance of, to France, [211], [213];
provided by the Committee, [214].
Insurrection, of July 14, 1789, [72], [74];
of August 10, 1792, [166], [170];
of June 2, 1793, [221], [222];
attempted to save Robespierre, [311], [313].
Invasions, siege of Verdun by Brunswick, [177];
Beaurepaire’s suicide, capitulation of Verdun, ferment in Paris, [178];
causes massacre of September, [180];
Valmy, [192], [193];
Jemappes, [196];
defeat of Neerwinden, 1793, allies cross the Rhine, Alps, and Pyrenees, take Valenciennes, [233];
Turcoing, [293];
battle of Fleurus, [298].
Isnard, Girondin, proposes Committee of Public Safety, [210];
his threat to destroy Paris, [221].
Jacobins, character of, [135];
Danton’s speech in, on death of Mirabeau, [137];
Danton attacks Lafayette in, [143], [145];
moderate petition of, to Assembly on king’s flight, [146];
read by Danton in Champs de Mars, [147];
joined by radicals in Legislative, [151];
debate on war, [155], [156];
Robespierre reads his last speech in, [307];
Legendre closes, [312].
Jemappes, battle of, [196].
Judge, in Danton’s trial, see “[Herman].”
Just, St., see “[St. Just].”
Justice, Ministry of, Danton put into, [172];
his circular from, [175], [176].
Kersaint, associated with Danton at period of the flight of the king, present at interview of Danton with other ministers in August, 1793, he believes that Brunswick will reach Paris, [181].
King, see “[Louis].”
Lafayette, a seceding noble, [25];
first clash with Danton, [75];
opposition of Cordeliers to, [82];
follows the mob to Versailles, [91];
his discipline of National Guard opposed by Cordeliers, [93];
sends National Guard to arrest Marat, [101];
attacked by Danton on flight of the king, [143], [145];
his accusation of Danton’s venality, [145];
his massacre of the Champs de Mars, [147];
again attacked by Danton, [159];
threatens civil war, [160].
Law, Roman, twelfth century, renaissance of, study of, rise of the universities, [14].
—— Courts in France, Conseils du Roi, [48].
Lawyers, action of, in preventing reform, [4];
become conservative as a body, [18].
Legendre, a Bourgeois, [25];
a member of the Cordeliers, [81];
defends Danton before the Convention, [243];
shuts the Jacobins, [312].
Legislative, elections to, [150];
reconciliation with monarchy, [150], [151];
parties in, [151];
Lafayette’s letter to, [159];
receives the Royal Family, [168];
quarrels with Commune just before massacres, [183];
Danton’s great speech in, [184];
close of, [188].
Louis XVI., age of, compared with Danton, [40];
his coronation seen by Danton, [46];
his attitude to Assembly, [85];
his character, [86];
brought back to Paris from Versailles by mob, [91];
his attitude after this, [92];
thanks presented to, by Danton, [106];
accepts Civil Constitution of clergy, [123];
lost by death of Mirabeau, [137];
his attempt to go to St. Cloud, [137];
effect of his flight, [139], [140];
depends on success of August 10 to receive allies, [168];
takes refuge in Parliament, [168];
his secret payments, [179];
execution of, [202];
effect of, on America, [203].
Mandat Imperatif, [89], [95].
—— head of National Guard, his death, [167].
Manifesto of Brunswick, see “[Brunswick].”
Manor or village community alone survives ninth century, [13];
its survival and power, [14].
Manorial relations, their decay, [5].
Manuel, Danton’s chief in municipality of 1791, [153].
Marat, a Bourgeois, [23];
incident of, [97-104];
his character, [98];
warrant for arrest of, [99];
National Guard sent to arrest, [100];
importance of issues involved, Lafayette’s action, [101];
defended by Danton at Bar of Assembly, [103];
his escape, [104];
elected to “Comité de Surveillance” before massacres, [183];
puts Roland on his list of proscribed, [187];
his appearance in the Convention, [192];
accused by Girondins, acquitted, [218];
stabbed by Charlotte Corday, growth of Terror, [233].
Marie Antoinette, age of compared with Danton, [40];
forms a court party against the Parliament, [85];
power over Louis after Mirabeau’s death, [137];
her determination to hold the Tuilleries, [167];
she alone realises the fall of the monarchy, [169];
effect of her death on Danton, [241];
her shocking trial and its influence on Danton, [242].
Marseillais, their march on Paris, [160].
Marseillaise, [160].
Massacres of September, [178], [187];
precipitated by Montmorin’s acquittal, [179];
refusal of National Guard to interfere, [180];
Danton keeps Ministers at their posts just before, [181];
the Comité de Surveillance joined by Marat, [183];
begin at the Carmes, [184];
causes of Danton’s neutrality during, [185-187];
close of the massacres, [188];
effect of on politics, [189].
Medieval Reform, continuity of, [3];
failure of after fifteenth century, [4].
Middle class, see “[Bourgeoisie].”
Mirabeau, age of compared with Danton, [40];
calls August 4 “an orgy,” [84];
his reasons for supporting the “Civil Constitution of the clergy,” [121];
death of, [136];
Danton’s sympathy with, and speech on death of, [137];
compared with Danton, [213].
Monarchy, French, causes Paris to become head of towns, realises national unity, [33];
character of just before Revolution, [11];
clogged by local survivals, [12];
election of Hugh Capet, [14];
examples of pre-revolutionary centralisation in, [16];
gradually ceases to be national, [15];
origins of its action, [12];
reaches power through local institutions, [15];
why it could not reform, [12];
Danton’s attitude towards in crisis of the king’s flight, [140-145];
the fall of, [169], [170];
importance of, evident after fall, [171].
Montmorin, evidence of Danton’s venality quoted by Lafayette in Memoirs, really a receipt for Danton’s reimbursement, [145].
—— Lucien de, acquittal of, hurries on massacres of September, [179], [180].
Mountain, party of Paris in the Convention, Danton’s false position in, [189];
appearance of members of, [190];
attacked by Robespierre, [300].
Municipal, system of France, [32], [33];
Revolution, [79].
Municipality, of Paris, first insurrectionary, [76];
its weakness, [77];
reconstitution of, [87], [88];
quarrel with Cordeliers, [93-97], [110-113];
Danton elected to, [105-106];
Bailly elected mayor of, [124];
petitions against ministers, [129-131];
insurrectionary Commune plot against, [161];
dissolved by insurrectionary Commune, [166];
(after Aug. 10, 1792, see “[Commune]”).
Nancy, affair of, Danton’s moderate action, [126].
Nationality, differentiation of, in ninth century, [13].
National Guard, formed, [77];
Lafayette’s plan of, [83];
Danton elected head of his battalion, [131];
clash with people, [126];
divided on April 18, [137];
fire on people in Champ de Mars, [147];
divided on Aug. 10, [160];
Santerre put at head of by Danton, [167];
refuse to interfere with massacres, [187];
Henriot succeeds Boulanger at head of, [219];
attack Convention, [221], [222];
do not rise for Robespierre, [213].
Necker, position of, in 1789, his dismissal, [73].
Nobles, origin of, as a definite class in France in ninth century, [13];
great numbers of, definition, relation to court, place in Revolution, [24];
poverty of, did not at first oppose reform, [25];
why they could not rule France, [32].
Notables, Danton rejected as candidate for, [127].
Octroi, effect on artisans, [20].
Oratorians, educated principal revolutionaries, [45].
Osselin, his courage after Montmorin’s acquittal, [180].
Paine, named in Committee with Danton, [197];
meets Danton in prison, [249].
Panis, warns Danton before his arrest, [248].
Paris, the bond of France, [31];
cause of headship, effect of Revolution on, [30], [31];
head of urban system because seat of monarchy, [33];
makes Danton’s career, [58];
first elections in, [69];
solidarity of, in early Revolution, [70];
provisional government during attack on Bastille, [76];
organises National Guard, [77];
model of municipal movement in France, [79];
restriction of suffrage in, [110];
restrained by Assembly, [111];
Bailly elected mayor of, [112];
effect of municipal system on, [114];
petitions for dismissal of ministers, [129];
effect of king’s flight on, [141];
Pétion, elected mayor of, [152];
anger at first disasters of war, [158];
effect of Brunswick’s manifesto on, [161];
ferment on news of invasion, [178];
clamours against arrested monarchists, [179];
Danton will not oppose, [182];
anarchy in, during massacres, [187];
elections to the Convention in, [188];
eulogy of by Danton, [191];
anger against Girondins, [208];
conflict of, with Girondins, [217];
Isnard’s threats against, [221];
used by Committee to expel the Gironde, [223];
refuses to rise for Robespierre, [313].
Parliament of Paris, nature of, [48].
Parliaments (representative), see “[States General],” “[Legislative],” “[Convention].”
Peasantry, French, condition of, before Revolution, [17];
ownership of land by, before the Revolution, [18];
effect of Revolution on, [18].
Pétion, elected mayor of Paris, [152];
unable to interfere with the massacres, [187];
gets some hold on the city at their close, [188];
attempt of Danton to get him elected for Paris, [189];
named on Committee with Danton, [197].
Petition, of municipality against ministers, [109];
of Jacobins on king’s flight, [146];
of Cordeliers, [147];
Pitt, his reforms, [6].
Priestley, Danton’s relations with, [149], [204].
Procureur, definition of the office in the old regime, [42], [43];
of Paris, during Revolution, [153];
Danton elected substitute to, [152].
Professional class, its character, numbers, constitution, [24].
Recordain, stepfather of Danton, [47].
Reform, mediæval, continuity of, [3];
action of lawyers in preventing failure of, after fifteenth century, [4];
Pitt’s attempt at, [6];
impossibility on Continent, [7];
impossible to French monarchy, [12];
its rapidity helped by centralisation, [28].
Religious liberty, Danton’s speech in favour of, [243].
Republic, not originated by Danton, [140];
demanded by Condorcet, [141], [142];
declared by Convention, [181].
Revolution, French, nature of, [1], [2];
necessity for, on Continent, [7];
its violence, [8];
questions raised by, [9];
material causes of, [10];
main causes not economic, [11];
classes it dealt with, [16];
it revives religion in villages, [17];
effect on peasantry, [18];
on artisans, [19], [20], [21];
on Bourgeois, [22];
on professionals and nobles, [24];
theory of, [26];
effect of Rousseau on, [28], [29];
place of Paris in, [30];
summary of politics at outset of, [34];
its task, the re-creation of France, [35];
two periods of, [117], [118];
transformation of, in 1790, [114], [123];
summary of its results, [314-318].
Revolutionary Tribunal, created by Danton, [208];
Marat acquitted by, [218];
Hébert tried by, [245];
Danton tried by, [249-272];
enslaved by Robespierre, [295].
Robespierre, a Bourgeois, [23];
age of, [40];
effect of education on, [46];
joins Committee of Public Safety, [234];
his position in winter of 1793, clash with Danton, [241];
last interview with Danton, [247];
speaks against Danton in Convention, [253];
demonstration of condemned before his house, [276];
his character, [285];
his aims, [286];
his misreading of Rousseau, [287];
causes of his ascendency, [288-290];
abandons Danton’s diplomacy, [292];
heads feast of Supreme Being, [294];
proposes virtual abolition of trials, [295];
destroys independence of Convention, [296];
attacks Mountain, [300];
abandoned by Committee, [301];
causes of his fall, [302-304];
his last speech, [306-307];
outlawed by Convention, [309-310];
his last rally and execution, [310-314].
Roland, a professional, [24];
Danton’s power over, in August 1792, interview with, in garden of ministry, [180-181];
calls on Santerre to stop the massacres, [187];
prosecuted, [222].
—— Madame, her hatred for Danton, [176];
she rejects his overtures to Girondins, [196].
Roman Law, its fundamental ideas of ownership and sovereignty, [14];
suited to France, [15];
not main cause of egalitarian feeling in France, [32].
Rome, transformation of her system in ninth century, [12];
the origin of French urban system, [32].
Rousseau, his effect on France, [28], [29];
his genius and deficiencies, [29];
his faith the source of his power, essentially a reactionary, [29], [30];
Robespierre’s view of his system, [286], [287].
Rousselin, our authority for Danton’s boyhood, [46].
Saint Just, age of, compared with Danton, [40];
joins great Committee, [229];
report on Girondins, [234];
speech against Danton, [254-255];
second speech against Danton, [270];
proposal for bringing prisoners to Paris, [292];
with army on Sambre, [297];
fails to warn Robespierre, [299];
outlawed with Robespierre, [310];
joins Robespierre at Hotel de Ville, [312].
St. Priest, his dismissal demanded by Paris, [128-131].
Santerre, a Bourgeois, [23];
in the attack on Tuilleries, [161], [167];
fails to call out National Guard during massacres, [187].
Sections, replace districts of Paris, forty-eight in number, [112];
Danton demands force to be raised from, [207];
convened by Robespierrians in Thermidor, [311].
Section du Théâtre Français, replaces Cordeliers, [112];
battalion of, Danton elected commander, [131];
of Mauconseil begins agitation against ministry, [129];
begin insurrection of August 1792, [161].
September, see “[Massacres of].”
Social divisions, five principal, before Revolution, [10].
Stake, burning at, in United States, by Parliament of Strasbourg in 1789, [5].
States General (or National Assembly), term Assembly first used, [26];
elections to, in Paris, [68];
reaction against, in early 1789, [72];
success of, after fall of Bastille, [78];
night of August 4 in, [85];
queen forms party against, political attitude of Louis towards, [85];
plotted against, by court, [90];
come to Paris, [91];
appealed to, in Marat incident, [103];
action to restrain Paris, [111];
establish Civil Constitution of clergy, [120-123];
debate on petition of Paris, [130-132];
indecision of, on king’s flight, [146].
Suffrage, see “[Franchise].”
Talleyrand, Danton meets, at municipality, writes letter to Louis, [138];
connected with Danton’s diplomacy, opposes Chauvelin in London, [204].
Taxes, failure of, before Revolution, [26].
Thermidor, attempted insurrection to save Robespierre in, [310-314].
Tour du Pin, La, dismissal demanded, [128-131].
Towns, nuclei of France, [36];
condition of small, [46].
Turcoing, battle of, [283].
Vergniaud, orator of Girondins, understands Danton, [192];
present at incident in theatre, [196];
his simile in king’s trial, [202];
explanation of his vote, [203];
his oratory, [217];
prosecuted by Convention, [222];
St. Just’s report against, [234];
Danton’s regret for, [242].
Versailles, Cordeliers’ manifesto for march on, [91];
king brought back to Paris from, [91].
Village community, French, decay of, loss of religion in, [17].
Vinot, solicitor in Paris, Danton apprenticed to, [47].
Wife, of Danton, first (Charpentier) married, his devotion to her, [52];
her illness and its effect on Danton, [201], [203];
her death, its effect on Danton, he exhumes her body, [206];
second (Gély) married, [232].
Young, Arthur, his comments on pre-revolutionary France, [10].

THE END