INDEX
- Adelaide, Madame, the eldest of Louis XV.’s daughters, her influence on Marie Antoinette, [61];
- Aire, the river of Varennes, tactical advantages of, to Nationalists, [279], [282]
- Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, [8]
- Amand, Jacques, peasant child adopted by Marie Antoinette, [78];
- his death as a soldier at Jemappes, [343]
- America, United States of. See also [United States]
- —— tea tax imposed in Boston coincidently with Louis XV.’s death, [72];
- British colonies in, origin of their revolt, [100];
- arrival of delegates to France from, [100];
- British colonies in, character of population forbids extreme policy of war in, [102];
- rebellion of colonies in, England’s certain policy towards, [106]-[7];
- failure of Burgoyne’s campaign in, [108]-[12];
- rebellion of colonies in, strategical position at time of Burgoyne’s march, [108]-[10]
- Anne, Fort, Burgoyne captures, [111]
- “Antoinette,” first use of this French form of the Queen’s name, [30]
- Antwerp, commerce of, dependent on opening of the Scheldt, [145]-[46]
- Archbishop’s Palace. See [Archeveché]
- Archeveché, National Assembly installed in, on coming to Paris in Days of October, [232]
- Argonne, hills of, their position on the eastern road, [270];
- Army, British, its excellence in 1776, [101]
- Army, French, deplorable condition of, in 1792, [296]
- Army of the East, most reliable force for Crown in 1789, [216];
- pointed out by Mirabeau as support of the Crown, [246]
- Artois, Comte d’, Louis XVI.’s youngest brother, his admiration of Marie Antoinette, [65];
- Assignats, creation of, [238]
- Auctoritas, “Sine auctoritate nulla vita,” Gallic formula, [78]
- Austria, extreme peril of, on partition of Poland, [61]-[63]
- —— foreign policy of, Joseph II. arrives at Versailles to influence Queen in favour of, [103]
- Authority, “without it no life,” [78]
- “Autrichienne,” nickname given Marie Antoinette by Mesdames, [64]
- Bailly, his role on 20th June 1789, [206];
- first Mayor of Paris, [212]
- Ball, Court, on Marie Antoinette’s marriage, [53];
- masked, an especial diversion of Marie Antoinette as Dauphine, [65];
- Fersen first meets her at one, [66];
- of 21st January 1778, independence of United States recognised at, [114]-[15];
- on Shrove Tuesday, at the Opera, 1779, Queen’s undignified adventure in connection with, [121];
- the last held in Versailles, winter of 1786, [178]
- Bankruptcy of the Guémenées disastrous to the Queen, [144];
- part of Queen’s plan for defeat of States-General, [210]
- Barentin, Keeper of the Seals
- announces fatal decision as to vote by orders at opening of States-General, [201];
- Barnave, nominated to bring King back to Paris, [285];
- Barry, Madame Du. See [Du Barry]
- Bastille, Marie Antoinette talks wildly of sending Turgot to, [98];
- Batz, his plan for helping the Queen to escape, [354]
- Bavaria, Joseph II. first covets, [105];
- Bayon and Romeuf, their ride in pursuit of the King to Varennes, [283], [284]
- Beauharnais, in the Chair of the Assembly when news of the King’s arrest at Varennes is brought, [285]
- Beaumarchais, de, title purchased by Caron, [102];
- Bed of Justice, Louis XVI.’s first recourse to, in registering Turgot’s decrees, [97], [98];
- last, held to coerce the Parlement under influence of the Queen, [189]
- Bells, of Paris, sound the attack on the palace, [319]
- Bernis, Cardinal de, negotiates the diplomatic revolution, [22]
- Berthier, murder of, after fall of Bastille, [213]
- Bodyguard. See [Garde au Corps]
- Boehmer and Bassange, jewellers and partners, owners of the Diamond Necklace, [159];
- Bondy, first post-house on the Eastern road, Fersen leaves Royal Family at, [262]-[63]
- Boston, British man-of-war arrives in harbour of, to impose tea tax, at same hour as Louis XV.’s death, [72];
- English fleet fails to blockade French fleet in harbour of, [121]
- Bouillé, in command of Army of the East in ’[89], [216];
- Bouillon, Duke of, officially announces accession of Louis XVI., [72]
- Brandweiss, Countess of, first governess of Marie Antoinette and her sister Caroline, [24]
- Brandywine, Washington’s defeat on, [110]
- Breteuil, orders the arrest of Cardinal de Rohan, [159]
- Brienne. See [Loménie]
- Broglie, in “Ministry of Resistance,” to lead army for coercion of Paris, [210]
- Brunier, family doctor of the Queen, admitted to the Temple, [348]
- Brunswick, breaks camp at end of July 1792 and marches on Paris, [315]
- Burgoyne’s, his campaign and surrender, [108]-[12]
- Burke, his lack of judgment on the Queen, [94], [95]
- Busne, officer guarding the Queen during her trial, [385]
- Byron, fails to blockade d’Estaing in Boston harbour, [121]
- Cagliostro, his influence over Cardinal de Rohan, [156]
- Calonne, his appointment and character, [149], [150];
- Cambrai, garrison of, cut to pieces, [371]
- Campaign of American Rebellion, Burgoyne’s failure, [108]-[12];
- Carnot, joins the Committee of Public Safety, [368];
- appears before Maubeuge with the army, [374];
- his plan in Avesnes before the battle of Wattignies, [375];
- prepares for the attack, [382];
- his first reconnaissance before the battle of Wattignies, Oct. [14], [383];
- orders the charge upon Dourlers, [386];
- brings troops over from left of French position to the right, before Wattignies, [392], [394];
- leads the charge at Wattignies, [400]
- Caroline, daughter of Maria Theresa, later Queen of Naples, educated with Marie Antoinette, [24]
- Caron. See [Beaumarchais]
- Catholicism, decay of, in France before Revolution, [250]
- Cats, Louis XVI.’s aversion to, [76]
- Cease fire, order to, signed by Louis XVI., [328]
- Cell, Queen’s first, in the Conciergerie, [365], [366]
- Chaintry, posting station of, Royal Family recognised at, in flight to Varennes, [268]
- Chalons, King recognised at, in flight to Varennes, [269];
- historical character of neighbourhood of, [270]
- Champ de Mars, massacre of, [301]
- Champlain, Lake, strategical value of, in Burgoyne’s campaign, [109]
- Chancel, hesitates to make a sortie from Maubeuge, [383]
- Chartres, Duc de, later Duke of Orleans, first meeting with Marie Antoinette, [40];
- Chaumont, his house and park in Passy, the refuge of American delegates, [100]
- Chauveau-Lagarde, named to defend the Queen, [374]
- Chauvelin, his death at Louis XV.’s card-table, [67]
- Cherbourg, harbour of, visited by Louis XVI., [177], [178]
- Child, early craving of Marie Antoinette for a, [77];
- Childbed, first, of Marie Antoinette, [119]-[20];
- Choiseul, principal Minister of Louis XV., Maria Theresa’s reliance upon him before her daughter’s marriage, [26];
- Choiseul, Junior (nephew of former), at the post of Somme-Vesle, [271]-[272];
- Chorez, Mayor of Chalons, [270]
- Church, Catholic, in France, attitude of Revolution towards revenues of, [237];
- constitution of, [238]
- Churching, first, of Marie Antoinette, [120], [121];
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy, disastrous character of, [249]-[50];
- Mirabeau’s attitude towards, [251]
- Civilisation, European (see Europe),
- threatened by Reformation, [3]
- Claye, Queen’s waiting-women join Royal Family in flight at, [265]
- Clergy, summoned to grant taxes before Revolution, refuse, [192];
- Cléry, Louis XVI.’s valet in the Temple, [336];
- is taken from the Temple, [348]
- Coburg, determines to besiege Maubeuge, [367]
- Commons. See [Tiers État]
- Compiègne, place of meeting of Louis XV. with Marie Antoinette, [38]-[40]
- Conciergerie, Queen removed to, from Temple, [364]
- Condé, emigration of, after fall of Bastille, [213];
- town of, surrender of, [363]
- Conflans, country-seat of Mercy, [124]
- Cornwallis enters Yorktown, [126];
- Coronation, of Louis XVI., [93]-[95];
- Queen’s presence at, [94]
- Council, Marie Antoinette’s first interference with, [83];
- Crown, quarrel between, and States-General opens, [204];
- advises Union of Orders, [209]
- Cubieres brings news of Paris marching on Versailles to Louis XVI., [221]
- D’Aiguillon, Duc de, chief Minister at end of Louis XV.’s reign after Choiseul’s fall, made by the Du Barry, [55], [58], [59];
- D’Angoulême, Duchess of (see also Madame Royale), birth of, [120]
- Danjou during massacres of September, [338]
- Dauphin, son of Louis XV., his death in 1765, [26]
- Dauphin, first, Louis XVI.’s eldest son, birth of, [129];
- Dauphin, second (Duke of Normandy), his birth, [163];
- Dead, Day of, November [2], coincidence of Marie Antoinette’s birth with, [21];
- Deane, delegate of the revolted British colonists in America, received by Louis XVI., [114]
- D’Epresmenil affirms the revolutionary principles of national government in the Parlement, [191]
- D’Estaing sails from Toulon to attack the English fleet in 1778, [115];
- D’Hervilly refuses to cease fire, [328]
- Diamond Necklace, La Motte first introduced to Cardinal Rohan, [127];
- the Cardinal de Rohan begins his advances to the Queen (early 1782), she avoids him, [138];
- Mme. de La Motte present at Court in 1782, [138], [139];
- Cardinal de Rohan, bribing a porter, is present at a fête at Trianon, [141], [142];
- Mme. de La Motte presents petition to the Queen, [147];
- he sees Mme. de La Motte in his country house in Alsace in 1783, [149];
- in his palace in Paris in March 1784 she tells him she is now an intimate friend of the Queen’s, [151]-[52];
- he receives from La Motte letters which he believes to be written by the Queen, [155];
- is further encouraged by Cagliostro, and writes letters to the Queen which he gives to La Motte, [156];
- Mme. de La Motte’s husband hires the girl d’Oliva to act the part of the Queen, [157];
- supposed meeting of Cardinal de Rohan and the Queen in the park of Versailles July [24], 1784, [159];
- Necklace possibly offered to Queen in 1779, [159];
- Bassange, the jeweller, shows it to Mme. de La Motte, [162];
- purchased by Cardinal de Rohan on supposed authority of the Queen, [163];
- is taken by the male La Motte to London, [163];
- Boehmer, Bassange’s partner, begs Queen for payment, [165];
- suspicions of the Cardinal aroused, [166];
- Mme. de La Motte confesses her forgery, the Queen discovers the plot, [168];
- Rohan is arrested, [169];
- tried, [170]-[75];
- and acquitted, [176]
- Dillon, Madame de, Queen’s violent and ephemeral friendship for, [94]
- Dissipation, early cause of Marie Antoinette’s, [77];
- D’Oliva. See [Oliva]
- Dourlers, French objective on first day of battle of Wattignies, [385], [383];
- Dreux Brézé, Master of Ceremonies at opening of States-General, [200]-[201];
- his famous order to the Commons, [208]
- Dreyfus Case, parallel between, and affair of Diamond Necklace, [174]-[175], [177]
- Drouet, sees the Royal Family in flight to Varennes, [275]-[76];
- Du Barry, her name first mentioned to Maria Theresa, [32];
- disastrous influence upon Louis XV.’s reign, [40]-[44];
- her character and appearance, [45]-[46];
- first meets Marie Antoinette at La Muette, [48]-[49];
- Marie Antoinette’s antipathy to her, [54]-[56];
- Maria Theresa attempts to break down that antipathy, [58]-[62];
- Marie Antoinette’s single speech to, [61];
- her devotion to Louis XV. at the end of his life, [69];
- she leaves the Court, [70];
- exiled to Burgundy on accession of Louis XVI., [83]
- Dufort, French Ambassador at Vienna at time of Marie Antoinette’s marriage, [30]
- Dumouriez, chief man in the War Ministry of ’[92], [300];
- Dunquerque, Duke of York’s march upon, [368]
- Earthquake of Lisbon. See [Lisbon]
- Ecclesiastical rights of Rohan, [171]
- Education of Marie Antoinette, [24]-[27], [33]-[36]
- Edward, Fort, Burgoyne’s tardy advance upon, [111]
- Elector of Bavaria, his death precipitates the Bavarian diplomatic quarrel, [116]
- Elizabeth, Madame, Marie Antoinette’s relations with, [122];
- Emigration, first, [213]
- Émigrés, disturbing element in the Allies’ camp, [296];
- their charge at Wattignies, [400]
- Enghien, emigration after fall of Bastille, [213]
- England, fiscal position of, during pre-revolutionary and revolutionary period, [86], [87];
- Episcopacy, French, corrupt condition of, before Revolution, [181]-[82]
- Etiquette, rigidity of French Courts, [37];
- strictness and publicity of, on accession of Louis XVI., [80]
- Europe, civilisation of, peculiar in all history, [1], [2]
- Extravagance of Marie Antoinette, character of rather than amount remarkable, [89], [90];
- Marie Antoinette’s first considerable purchase of jewellery, [97]
- Falkenstein, Count, incognito of Joseph II., in Paris, [103]
- Fersen, Axel de, first meets Marie Antoinette, [66];
- revisits Versailles, [118];
- Marie Antoinette obviously in love with him, [118], [119];
- leaves her for American War, [119];
- marches south with Washington to join the French at Yorktown, [126];
- negotiates surrender of Yorktown, [128];
- comes again to Versailles in 1784 with King of Sweden, [155];
- revisits Versailles in 1787, [183];
- his return to Versailles just before Revolution, [193]-[95];
- story of his presence in Queen’s room during days of October, 227 n.;
- Bouillé’s son received by, [253];
- organises the flight of the Royal Family, [260], [261];
- drives the Royal Family out of Paris in the flight to Varennes, [261], [262];
- his farewell to the Queen in flight to Varennes, [263];
- story of ring given him by the Queen, and of his death, [263], [265];
- the Queen’s letters to him after the failure of the flight to Varennes, [292]-[93];
- the Queen’s letter to, in September 1791, [303];
- his last journey to Paris to help the Royal Family, [303]-[4];
- in regular communication with Royal Family to arrange invasion, [310], [311];
- his communications with the Queen in prison, [349]-[50]
- Feuillants, disused monastery, Royal Family lodged in, [330]-[32]
- Figaro, Mariage de, play by Beaumarchais, its political character, [135]-[36];
- Finance. See [Fiscal Problem]
- Finances, French, Calonne appointed to the head of, [149], [150];
- his loans, [151]
- Financiers, modern, their vulgar expenditure compared with that of the Court of Versailles, [78], [79]
- Fiscal Problem of the French preceding the Revolution, [86];
- Flanders, Regiment of, marches into Versailles, [215];
- Fleury, exact coincidence of his life with the transition between the anti-Austrian policy of France and diplomatic revolution, [6];
- at the Exchequer during bankruptcy of the Guémenées, [144]
- Flight of Royal Family, Mirabeau’s plan for, [252];
- Florida Blanca, Spanish Minister, his terror of Great Britain at moment of Burgoyne’s surrender, [112], [113]
- Fontainebleau, Court gambling at, on accession of Queen, [99];
- French Court there at moment of Burgoyne’s surrender, [112]
- Foreign Policy, French, D’Aiguillon ceases to control, on Louis XVI.’s accession, [83], [84];
- Vergennes controls, on accession of Louis XVI., [84];
- dominated by the fear of England on accession of Louis XVI., [100]-[2], [106]-[8];
- eagerly seeks Spanish alliance against England, [107];
- Spanish dread of England forbids this, [112]-[13];
- final determination to accept the English challenge, [113];
- this determination confirmed by Burgoyne’s surrender at Saratoga, [113]-[14];
- refuses to support Austria in Bavarian claim, but under pressure from Marie Antoinette pays compensation to Vienna, [116]-[18];
- Marie Antoinette’s increasing power over, after Maurepas’ death, [134];
- attitude of, towards opening of Scheldt, [148], [149];
- payment of Dutch indemnity to Austria under pressure from the Queen, [161], [165]-[66], [174]
- Foulon, murder of, after fall of Bastille, [213]
- Fouquier Tinville, his speech for the prosecution of the Queen, [380]
- France, hesitation of, upon the Reformation, [3]-[5];
- generally thought in decline during early eighteenth century, [16]
- France and Austria, causes of original antagonism between, and their final reconciliation in the eighteenth century, [2]-[9].
- Francis of Lorraine, husband of Maria Theresa, his happy marriage, [15];
- Frankfort, the crowning of the Emperor, the Queen’s nephew there in 1792, [309], [312]
- Franklin, lands in France, [100];
- received by Louis XVI., [114]
- Frederick the Great, his power first apparent at Mollwitz, [6];
- French Guards. See [Gardes Françaises]
- French Ministerial Tradition. See [Ministerial Tradition]
- Fontainebleau, Dr. Johnson sees the Queen at, [95]
- Frontier, north-eastern, strategical nature of, [360]
- Gardes du Corps, their banquet to the Regiment of Flanders, [217]-[25]
- Gardes Françaises, almost only French troops in Paris at opening of Revolution, [209]
- Gates, commanding American forces, receives Burgoyne’s surrender, [112]
- Geoffrin, Madame, visits Vienna before Marie Antoinette’s marriage, [28]
- George, Lake, strategical value of, in Burgoyne’s campaign, [109]
- Girondins, their appearance in the Revolution, [301], [302]
- Goethe, his judgment on the household of Maria Theresa, [15]
- Goguelat, second in command of Choiseul’s Hussars, [272];
- shot at Varennes, [282]
- Goltz, Prussian Minister at Versailles, his letter on the date of Burgoyne’s surrender, [112]
- Government, nature of all, [195]-[96]
- Guémenée, Madame de, governess to the children of France, Marie Antoinette’s friendship with, [92];
- Guillaume, companion of Drouet in his famous ride, [277]
- Guines, French Ambassador in London, protected by Marie Antoinette, [98]
- Haga, Comte de, incognito of King of Sweden, [155]
- Handwriting of Marie Antoinette, quite unformed, [50]
- Harvest, failure of, in 1775, a cause of Turgot’s unpopularity, [97];
- difficulty of bringing to Paris in 1789, [216]
- Hébert visits the Temple, [339];
- Henry of Prussia, Prince, visits Versailles in 1784, [160]
- Herman, chief judge of the Queen at her trial, [374];
- Howe sails with [20],000 men to attack Philadelphia, [110]
- Hudson, Valley of, strategical value of, in Burgoyne’s campaign, [109]
- Hue, friendly guard of the Royal Family in the Temple, [336]
- Huguenots, exceptionally tolerated in France, [5]-[7];
- Hungary, Joseph II.’s blundering attempt to suppress language of, [131]
- Invasion, two principal avenues of, into France, [359]
- Jacobin Society, nature of, [251], [252];
- Mirabeau subservient to, [251]
- Jarjayes, his plot to rescue the Queen, [351], [352]
- Jemappes, battle of, [342]
- Jewellery. See [Extravagance], also [Diamond Necklace]
- Johnson, Doctor, sees Marie Antoinette at Fontainebleau, [95]
- Joseph II., son of Maria Theresa, first associated with her in the empire, [23];
- hastens the conclusion of Marie Antoinette’s marriage, [30], [31];
- accompanies Marie Antoinette for the first day on her journey to Versailles before her marriage, [36];
- his visit to Versailles and France, [99], [103]-[6];
- his insufficient character, [103];
- his ignorance of La Marck and Lavoisier, [105];
- his ludicrous misjudgment of French military power, [105];
- revisits Versailles July 1781, [126];
- his bungling in religion, [131];
- summons French to abandon Revolution, [238];
- dies, [238]
- Jourdan, description of, [375];
- in command at Wattignies, overruled by Carnot, [391]
- June the Twentieth, rising of, in 1792, [305]
- Jury to try the Queen, [377]-[78]
- Kaunitz, origin of his career, [9];
- Korff, Baroness de, alias of Duchesse de Tourzel in flight to Varennes, [261]
- La Fayette volunteers for the American War, [103];
- leaves Richmond, [126];
- Marie Antoinette visits wife of, as a compliment after surrender of Yorktown, [135];
- marching from Paris to help the Court in Days of October, [226];
- his lack of judgment in defending the palace, [227];
- advises the Royal Family after victory of the mob, [229];
- fails to restrain mob on 18th April 1791, [259];
- his action in massacre of Champ de Mars, [301]
- Lagny, post-master of Chaintry, [268]
- La Marck, founder of the evolutionary theory, Joseph II.’s ignorance of, [105];
- Lamballe, Princesse de, first meeting with Marie Antoinette, [40];
- La Motte, Madame de (see Diamond Necklace), escapes from prison and flies to London, [179];
- her supposed innocence and martyrdom, [180]
- La Muette, palace or royal hunting-box of, scene of Marie Antoinette’s first meeting with Madame du Barry before marriage, [47];
- Latour du Pin bears witness for the Queen at her trial, [387]
- Lavoisier, Joseph II.’s ignorance of, [105]
- L’Echelle, Rue de, rendezvous of Royal Family and Fersen for flight to Varennes, [261]
- Lee, delegate of the revolted British colonists in America, received by Louis XVI., [114]
- Legislative Assembly, receives the Royal Family on retirement from Tuileries, [326];
- permits the imprisonment of the Royal Family in the Temple, [332]
- Leonard, the Queen’s hairdresser, contributes to disaster of Varennes, 272 n.;
- takes note from Choiseul to commanders of various posts, [274]
- Leopold, Emperor, brother of the Queen, accession of, [238];
- Le Quay, real name of the woman Oliva, q.v.
- Lequesnoy surrenders, [371]
- Lisbon, character of town of, in eighteenth century, [19];
- Logotachygraphe, Revolutionary journal, Royal Family lodged in the reporters’ box of, [329], [330]
- Loménie de Brienne, proposed by the Queen as successor to Calonne, April 1787, [181];
- Lorraine (Francis of, see Francis), princesses of, umbrage given by their precedence at the Court ballon Marie Antoinette’s marriage, [52]-[53]
- Louis XV. at opening of diplomatic revolution, [16];
- his reticence and hesitation in the matter of his grandson’s marriage, [27]-[31];
- his appearance on Marie Antoinette’s first meeting with him, [38]-[40];
- feels the approach of death, [67];
- effect of Court sermon on, before death, [67];
- falls ill of small-pox, [68];
- his strong Christian faith, [69];
- dismisses Madame du Barry, [70];
- receives the Last Sacrament, [70]-[72];
- his death, [72]
- Louis XVI. left heir on his father’s death, [26];
- his appearance at that moment, [26];
- his mother, after the death of the Dauphin her husband, opposes the Austrian marriage, [28];
- her death, [29];
- ceremony of his marriage as Dauphin to Marie Antoinette, [50], [51];
- his accession, [73];
- supposed impotence, [74]-[77];
- publicly ridiculed by his wife in early days of his marriage, [93];
- coronation of, [93]-[95];
- Joseph II. visits Versailles to effect cure of, [104], [105];
- date of operation upon, 105 (see also Appendix A);
- consents to receive delegates of United States, [114];
- influence of Maurepas upon, [133];
- grants Moratorium on Marie Antoinette’s express prayer in the Guémenée bankruptcy, ill effect of this, [144];
- visits Cherbourg, [177], [178];
- one of very small minority that practised religion before Revolution, [182];
- his appearance at opening of States-General, [201];
- fails to receive deputation of Tiers État, [202];
- quarrel with States-General opens, [204];
- at Royal Session of, 23rd June 1789, [206]-[7];
- his final decision on Votes by Order, [207];
- flight debated during capture of Bastille, [212];
- his Veto discussed, [214];
- his flight again urged by the Queen, in October 1789, [217];
- shooting at Chatillon when Paris was marching on Versailles, [220]-[22];
- hesitates to fly in Days of October, [226];
- brought to Paris by mob in Days of October, [230], [231];
- Marie Antoinette ridicules him in a letter to her relatives after Days of October, [233];
- his rôle in flight to Varennes, [261];
- first recognised during flight at Viels-Maisons, [267];
- and again at Chaintry, [268];
- and once more at Chalons, [269];
- recognised in Ste. Menehould, [276];
- vetoes prosecution of non-juring clergy and formation of volunteer camp, [304];
- his note of credentials to Mallet du Pan, [311];
- ridiculed at his last review, [321];
- retires from Tuileries, [325];
- signs order to cease fire, [328];
- his sword removed in the Temple, [336];
- separated from his family in the Temple, [340];
- condemned to death, [344];
- last interview with his family, [345];
- his execution, [346], [347]
- Madame. See [Adelaide]
- Madame Elizabeth, her passage of arms with Pétion, [287]-[88];
- watches sun rise with the Queen before attack upon the palace, [320].
- See also [Elizabeth]
- Madame Royale, the Queen’s daughter, her first Communion, [232], [234]-[35].
- See also [D’Angoulême]
- Maillard leads march of Paris on Versailles, [223]
- Mallet du Pan negotiates with the enemy for the King, [310], [311], [312]
- Mandat, head of the Paris Militia, his organisation of defence of the palace in August 1792, [320], [321];
- murder of, [322]
- Manège, the Riding-school of the Tuileries, National Assembly installed in, [232]
- Mangin, his ride to carry news to Paris of the arrest of the King, [284]-[85]
- Manifesto of Brunswick, the Queen the author of its threat against Paris, [310]-[12];
- Manuel bears evidence against the Queen, [384]
- Mareuil, Commissioners meet Royal Family at, returning to Paris from Varennes, [285]-[86]
- Maria of Saxony, widow of the first Dauphin, and mother of Louis XVI., her opposition to Austrian marriage, [28];
- her death, [29]
- Maria Theresa, devotion of Kaunitz to, [11];
- character of, [13], [14];
- married life of, [15];
- her negotiation for French alliance, [18];
- health at birth of Marie Antoinette, [21];
- her negotiations for Marie Antoinette’s marriage, [27], [28];
- associates her son Joseph with her government, [30];
- hears of the Du Barry, [32];
- letter to Marie Antoinette on her leaving Vienna, [36];
- her judgment of a happy marriage, [37];
- early letters of Marie Antoinette to her, [54];
- her repeated letters to Marie Antoinette as Dauphine, urging reconciliation with Du Barry, [59], [61], [63];
- her anxiety as to Louis XVI.’s condition, [65], [76], [77], [105], also Appendix A;
- her letters advising Marie Antoinette’s policy, [82];
- she hears news of Marie Antoinette’s first pregnancy, [115];
- her last illness and death, [125]
- Marie Theresa Charlotte. See [Madame Royale]
- Marly, Court gambling at, [99]
- Marriage, slowness of negotiations for Marie Antoinette’s, [27]-[31];
- Marseillaise, first sung in Marseilles, [309];
- at Wattignies, [399]
- Marseilles, Battalion of, organised, [309];
- Martin, d’Auch, refuses oath in Tennis Court, [205]
- Maubeuge, its position on the first line of invasion, [359];
- last stronghold against invasion on north-eastern frontier, [361], [362];
- threatened by Coburg, [367];
- Drouet arrives in, [371], [372];
- lack of provisions in, [373];
- cavalry patrol cut their way out of, [374];
- hears the guns of the French advance, [383];
- attempt to force passage to, on 15th of October fails, [385]-[90];
- extreme peril of, in consequence of this, [391];
- relieved by French victory at Wattignies, [401]
- Maubourg nominated to bring the King back to Paris, [285]
- Maurepas, chosen to be Minister on accession of Louis XVI., [82];
- Maury, example of French hierarchy before Revolution, [182]
- Maximilian, Marie Antoinette’s youngest brother, visits Paris in 1775, [91]
- Mayence, siege of, prevents invasion, [355]
- Mayor of Paris, Bailly the first, [212]
- Measles, Queen suffers from, in spring of 1779, [121]
- Meaux, first passage of Royal Family through, in flight to Varennes, [266];
- Mercenaries, most troops in Paris in 1789 foreign, [209]
- Mercy, d’Argenteau, becomes Ambassador at Versailles for Maria Theresa in 1766, [27];
- notes Artois’ “shocking familiarity” with the Queen, [92];
- desires the Queen to be crowned with the King, [93];
- tries to dissuade Queen from opposing Turgot, [98];
- intrigues for Marie Antoinette to support Austria’s Bavarian policy, [105], [106];
- influences Marie Antoinette in favour of Austrian policy on the Bavarian succession, [117]-[18];
- a description of him and his household, [124]-[25];
- clumsily pressed by Joseph II. to influence Queen in affair of Scheldt, [137];
- meets Mirabeau in La Marck’s house, [243];
- Queen betrays to him the plans of the French defence in 1792, [300];
- in regular communication with Royal Family to arrange invasion, [311]
- Mesdames, Louis XV.’s daughters, Marie Antoinette first meets at Compiègne, [39];
- Michonis, the Municipal, sympathetic jailer of the Queen, [350];
- Militia, new popular, of Paris, after July ’[89], La Fayette at head of, [212];
- Ministerial tradition, French, its transformation in early years of Louis XVI. produces the Revolution, [81], [82]
- Ministry, French, permanent character of, [148]
- Ministry of Resistance, Queen’s plan to destroy States-General, [210]-[13];
- fails, [213]
- Mirabeau, noted by populace at opening of States-General, [200];
- reluctantly accepts oath in Tennis Court, [205];
- his doubtful reply to Dreux Brézé, [208];
- during Days of October, [223];
- his influence on the Court, [239]-[56];
- his position in 1790, [241], [242];
- La Marck, friend of, introduces to the Crown, [242];
- his debts and subsidy, [243], [244];
- his interview with the Queen, [245];
- his written advice to the Crown, [246], [247];
- his attitude towards Civil Constitution of the Clergy, [250], [251];
- his plan for the flight of the Royal Family and Civil War, [251]-[53];
- his death, [255]
- Mireur, from Montpellier, sings the Marseillaise in Marseilles, [309]
- Mohawk Valley, British force in, marching to join Burgoyne, repulsed, [111]
- Monarchy, French, its national nature, [41];
- Monsieur. See [Provence]
- Montmédy decided on as refuge for the Royal Family, [260]
- Moratorium, or stay of legal proceedings, granted by King to the Guémenées on their bankruptcy, [144]
- Mounier, in chair of Assembly during Days of October, [223]
- Mollwitz, first great Prussian victory, [6]
- Mozart meets little Marie Antoinette, [28]
- Nancy, mutiny at, [247], [248]
- Napoleon, his verdict upon the affair of the Diamond Necklace, [177];
- Narbonne, Archbishop of, example of French hierarchy before the Revolution, [182]
- National Assembly (before p. [218], see States-General) passes last clauses of new Constitution coincidently with Banquet of the Body Guard, October 1789, [218];
- Navy, British, terror inspired by, in 1776, [100];
- Necker, his character and religion, [98], [99];
- his daughter, offered in marriage to Fersen and to Pitt, finally marries M. de Staël, [98];
- fails to administrate finances, and is dismissed for the first time in 1781, [127];
- Queen responsible for his return to the Finances after fall of Loménie, [195];
- character of, [197];
- ostensibly fixes number of Tiers État, [197];
- re-summons Notables in late 1788, [198];
- abandons question of “Vote by Orders,” [198];
- his appearance and long speech at opening of States-General, [201]-[2];
- calculated absence from Royal Session, [206];
- dismissal of, July [11], 1789, [210];
- recalled by Louis XVI., [213];
- flight of, [248]
- Neerwinden, Dumouriez’ defeat at, [352]
- New Order, the Queen’s plan for efficient despotic government before Revolution, [190]-[92];
- its breakdown, [192]
- Noailles, Madame de, Mistress of the Ceremonies to Marie Antoinette as Dauphine, [37], [48]
- Nobles, minority of, joins Commons led by Orleans, [209]
- Nord, Comte du, incognito of the Grand-Duke Paul, [139]
- Notables, Assembly of, summoned by Calonne, [178];
- Oath of Tennis Court. See [Tennis Court]
- October, Days of, [215]-[32]
- Œil de Bœuf during Days of October, [228]
- Oliva or “d’Oliva,” employed by Mme. de La Motte to represent the Queen, [157];
- Orleans, Duke of. See also [Chartres]
- —— Duke of (formerly Duc de Chartres), his opposition to the Queen’s government before the Revolution, [190];
- Pannizardi, destruction of the original telegram in Dreyfus Case compared to Vergennes’ action in Diamond Necklace case, [168]
- Paris, Marie Antoinette’s entry to, as Dauphine, [65];
- supported by Duke of Orleans in 1789, [209];
- Queen’s plan for coercion of, in July 1789, [210];
- names of regiments coercing, [210];
- rises and captures Bastille, [210]-[12];
- new municipality of, Bailly elected Mayor, [212];
- marches on Versailles in October 1789, [220]-[22], [225];
- Royal Family brought to, by the mob in the Days of October, [230], [231];
- re-entry of Royal fugitives from Varennes into, [289]-[291];
- Queen’s attitude towards, after return from Varennes, [298];
- threat to destroy, in Brunswick’s Manifesto, drawn up by the Queen, [310]-[13]
- Parlement of Paris exiled by Louis XV., [59];
- Passy, Chaumont’s house in, the refuge of the American delegates, [100]
- Paul, Grand-Duke, heir to Catherine of Russia, visits Versailles, [139]-[42];
- hears Beaumarchais read Figaro, [140]
- Persuasion the only instrument of Government, [40], [41]
- Pétion nominated to bring King back to Paris, [285];
- Philadelphia attacked successfully by Howe, contemporaneously with Burgoyne’s advance, [110]
- Picard recognises the King during flight at Viels-Maisons, [267]
- Pillnitz, Declaration of, its exact significance, [302]
- Pinks, affair of the, plot to get the Queen out of the Conciergerie, [369], [370]
- Planta, a gentleman follower of Cardinal de Rohan’s, present at the
- supposititious interview with the Queen, [159]
- Poland, its partition, character of, [61]-[63]
- Polignac, Comtesse de, friendship of Marie Antoinette with, [92];
- Pompadour, Madame de, Mistress of Louis XV., her rôle in diplomatic revolution, [18];
- Portugal, King and Queen of, chosen as god-parents of Marie Antoinette, [18]-[19]
- Pot, first holder of post of Master of Ceremonies, 208 n.
- Premonition of Marie Antoinette relative to Temple, [164]
- Protestant States of Europe, French diplomatic support of, after Reformation, [5]-[6]
- Provence, Comtesse de, unintentional insult to, at birth of the Dauphine, [129];
- possibly protects Mme. de La Motte, [139]
- Provence, Monsieur, Comte de, present at the first playing of Figaro, [152];
- Prussia, revelation of power of, at Mollwitz, [6];
- growing menace of Poland to, in modern times, [62]
- Racing introduced into France on accession of Louis XVI., [92]
- Red Book, publication of, [239]
- Reformation, origin of the cycle which closes with the Diplomatic Revolution, [2];
- Religious Orders, Joseph II.’s suppression of, [131]
- Representation never so full as in States-General of 1789, [198]
- Representative System, its character and origin in Europe, [184]-[87]
- Resistance, Ministry of. See [Ministry]
- Rheims, Louis XVI.’s coronation at, [93]-[95];
- flight by way of, rejected by King, [260]
- Rhodes, title of Pot, 208 n.
- Riding-school. See [Manège]
- Ring, the Queen’s, story of, [263]-[65]
- Robespierre at Oath in Tennis Court, [205];
- Roderigo Hortalez. See [Beaumarchais]
- Roederer advises King to retire from Tuileries, [325]
- Rohan, Bishop, coadjutor of, later Cardinal de, Marie Antoinette’s first meeting with, [38]
- (see Diamond Necklace; after acquittal King strips him of his functions and exiles him);
- his later career and death, [177]
- Rohan, Cardinal de, example of French hierarchy before the Revolution, [182]
- Romeuf. See [Bayon]
- Rosalie, name of the girl who served the Queen in the Conciergerie, [365]
- Rothschild, difficulty of trying one to-day compared with difficulty of trying a Rohan in eighteenth century, [171]
- Royal Session. See [Session]
- Royale, Madame. See [Madame Royale]
- Sacrament, Last, received by Louis XV., [71];
- parallel between it and the French Monarchy, [78]
- St. Antoine, Gate of, Marseillese march in by, [313];
- St. Cloud, Palace of, bought for first Dauphin in his illness, [160];
- St. Germain l’Auxerrois, Church of, Madame Royale’s communion in, [234]
- St. Landry, schismatic priest of, appointed to accompany Queen at her execution, [395]
- St. Lawrence, Valley of, strategical value during rebellion of American colonies, [108], [109]
- St. Marcel. See [St. Antoine]
- Ste. Menehould, its position, [270];
- Saratoga, Burgoyne blockaded near, and surrenders, [112];
- news of Burgoyne’s capitulation at, reaches Versailles, after Vergennes had determined to recognise United States, [113]
- Sauce, official at Varennes, his action in detaining the King, [279]-[81]
- Scheldt, opening of the, first mentioned, [134];
- Marie Antoinette supports her brother in, [137];
- character of quarrel over, explained, [145], [146];
- Joseph II.’s increasing irritation over, [148];
- Vergennes refuses to support Austria in, [149];
- the Dutch fire on one of Joseph II.’s ships in, 4th October 1784, [160];
- French Cabinet again, under pressure from Queen, pay the Dutch indemnity to Austria for this incident, [161];
- money actually paid over, [164]-[65];
- and is received in cash by Austria when affair of Diamond Necklace is at its height; consequent unpopularity of Queen, [174]
- September, Massacres of, [337], [338]
- Sergent serves out ammunition to the rebels, [317]
- Session, Royal, summoned for 22nd of June 1789, [204];
- Siéyès at Oath in Tennis Court, [205]
- Silesia, forcible occupation of, by Prussia, moral revolution involved by this, [8]
- Simon, reputed tenderness of, in the Temple, [341]
- Sledge, Queen’s escapade upon, [96], [97]
- Soissons, Marie Antoinette’s arrival at, on her journey to her marriage, [38]
- Solstice, summer, date unlucky for the Bourbons, [261]-[63], [305]
- Somme-Vesle, posting station of, place arranged for the first cavalry guard during flight to Varennes, [271];
- Souberbielle visits Queen in Conciergerie, [369];
- on jury that tries her, [377]
- Spain, greatness of, in sixteenth century, difficulty of understanding to-day, [4];
- French maintain their independence against, [5]
- Stahrenberg, Austrian Ambassador in Paris after Kaunitz, [18];
- his last letter to Maria Theresa announces certitude of Marie Antoinette’s marriage, [27]
- Stars and Stripes first seen in Europe, [100]
- States-General, Crown of mediæval representative system in Europe, [185];
- Parlement insists on their being summoned, [184]-[89];
- Loménie and the Queen propose calling them within five years with the object of adjourning and nullifying the summons, [189];
- summoned by administrative order, accepted by the Queen, on 8th August 1788, 192 (after October 1789 and p. [222], see National Assembly);
- number of Tiers État in, ostensibly fixed by Necker, [197];
- only fully representative assembly in Europe, [198];
- opening of, [198]-[202];
- declared “National Assembly,” [204];
- Royal session of, June [23], 1789, [206]-[7];
- under military threat declare themselves “inviolable,” [209];
- permanent sitting of, during capture of Bastille, [211]-[12]
- Stormont, Lord, English Ambassador at Versailles, present at the ball where news of the Independence of the United States was received, leaves Versailles, [115]
- Strasburg, Marie Antoinette’s arrival at, on her journey to her marriage, [37];
- Bishop of, see Rohan
- Sweden, Gustavus, King of, visits Versailles in 1784;
- Swiss Guard before palace of Versailles in Days of October, 1789, [222];
- Talleyrand, example of French Hierarchy before the Revolution, [182];
- Tea Tax. See [Boston] and [America]
- Temple, Artois receives Marie Antoinette at, her premonitions with regard to, [164];
- Tennis Court, Oath of, [205]
- Theatre, Marie Antoinette’s, at Trianon inaugurated, [123];
- Mercy’s disapproval of, [124]
- Ticonderoga abandoned by American forces, before Burgoyne, [110]
- Tiers État, number of, ostensibly fixed by Necker, [197];
- Tison, jailor and spy upon the Royal Family in the Temple, [336];
- wife of, goes mad, [354]
- Toulouse, Archbishop of, Confessor of Marie Antoinette, [244]
- Tourzel, Madame de, made governess of children of France after Mme. de Polignac’s emigration, [214]
- —— Duchess of, her rôle during flight to Varennes, [261];
- Duchesse de, removed from Royal Family in Temple, [335]
- Trial of the Queen, preliminary interrogation, [373]-[74];
- Trianon, public exaggeration of its real cost, theatre started in, [123];
- Tronçon Ducourdray named to defend the Queen, [374]
- Tuileries, arrival of Royal Family at, in Days of October, [231];
- invaded by mob on 20th June 1792, [305], [306];
- fall of, [307]-[29];
- extent of armed force in defence of, [313], [315];
- condition and garrison of, just before the attack upon, [318]-[320];
- last review before defence of, [321];
- beginning of attack upon, [322], [323];
- Napoleon’s judgment of power to defend, [325]
- Turgot, enters Ministry after accession of Louis XVI., [84];
- Marie Antoinette not connected with nomination of, [84];
- policy and character of, [85];
- fiscal problem presented to him, [86]-[88];
- his way of dealing with it, [89];
- is lavish with funds to the Queen, [85], [89]-[90];
- his reforms cause popular suffering, [90];
- their unwise side, [97];
- opposed by the Parlement of Paris, [97];
- his fall largely due to the Queen, [98];
- servant of the Queen in the Temple and authority for history of period, [349]
- United States of America recognised by Vergennes before the news of Saratoga, [113];
- Valenciennes, surrender of, [363]
- Vallet, son-in-law of post-master at Chaintry, recognises King, [268]
- Valmy, battle of, [339], [340];
- mill of, passed by fugitives in flight to Varennes, [275]
- Varennes, flight to, described, [263]-[291];
- Vergennes, becomes director of foreign policy on accession of Louis XVI., his great abilities, [84];
- his acute panic just before Burgoyne’s surrender, [110];
- caution and fear of England at moment of Burgoyne’s surrender, [113];
- determines to recognise United States before hearing news of Saratoga, [113];
- refuses to support Austria in Bavarian claim, but under pressure from Queen pays compensation to Vienna, [116]-[18];
- practically first Minister after Maurepas’ death, [133];
- his patriotic refusal to support Joseph II. in the affair of the Scheldt, [149];
- but consents to pay indemnity, [161];
- his policy of silence in the case of the Diamond Necklace compared to the French modern Foreign Office destroying the Pannizardi telegram, [168];
- death of, [179]
- Vermond (physician), brother of Abbé, attends Queen’s first childbirth, [120]
- Vermond (Abbé), Marie Antoinette’s tutor, librarian of Mazarin collection and protégé of Loménie de Brienne, [33];
- Versailles, palace of, eruption of mob into, in Days of October, [227]-[229]
- Veto of Crown over legislation, discussion on, [214]
- —— of Louis XVI. against prosecution of non-juring Clergy and formation of volunteer camp, [304]
- Viels-Maisons, posting station, Louis XVI. first recognised at, in flight to Varennes, [267]
- Viet, post-master at Chalons, [269]
- Vilette, Rétaux de, an old soldier, forges the so-called Queen’s letters for the La Motte, [155], [156];
- Vote by Order, prime question before States-General, [198];
- Walpole, Horace, his admiration for Marie Antoinette, [95]
- War, first declaration of, between Europe and Revolution, responsibility for, [293]-[95];
- Washington, his defeat on the Brandywine, [110];
- marches south to join the French before Yorktown, [126]
- Weissembourg, lines of, their strategical importance, [355]
- Wattignies, battle of, described, [385]-[401];
- village of, scene of final charge against Austrians before Maubeuge, [396]
- Weber, family of, Marie Antoinette put out to nurse with, [23]
- Wine, Marie Antoinette’s curious aversion to, [77], [92];
- Mercy, an excellent judge of, [124]
- York, Duke of, marches on Dunquerque, [368]
- Yorktown, Cornwallis surrenders at, [128];
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
Edinburgh & London
- Transcriber’s Notes:
- Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.
- Typographical errors were silently corrected.
- Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a predominant form was found in this book.