INDEX

A
Accous or Bédous, plain of, [159-160]
Agra, river, mentioned, [20];
valley of, [147]
Aiguestoites, Port de, [181]
Albigenses, crusade against, its meaning and results, [49]
Alfonso el Batallador, [54]
Alpargatas, [122]
Alps, contrasted with Pyrenees, [25-26]
Andorra, history and character of, [192-193]
— forms with Catalan valleys a district of Pyrenees, [187-198]
— how reached from Ariège, [187-193]
— posada of, [232]
Anicle, Col d’, [171-172]
Anie, Pic d’, its position on first axis of Pyrenees, [6]
— boundary of the Basques, [38], [154]
Aphours, brook of, [150]
Aragnouet, [181]
Aragon, river, mentioned, [20]
— valley of, easy connexion of, with valley of Gallego, [158];
described, [161]
— kingdom, named after river, [20];
and Béarn, their position on the range, [37]
Aran, Val d’, see “[Val]”
Arazas, valley of, [169-170];
Inn there, [233]
Ariège, sources of, [191]
— valley of, position of on axis of Pyrenees, [8];
forms old county of Foix, [15];
in connexion with that of the Tet, [204-209]
Ariel, Pic d’, [205]
Arles, on Tech, [213-214]
Arras, Col d’, [215]
Arreau, hotels at, [227]
Arrouye, Pic d’, [182]
Aspe, Val d’, [158]
Aston, upper, adventure of author upon, [108-112]
— river, advantages of district of, [187-188]
Ax, way from, to valley of Tet, [206-208];
hotels and baths of, [230]
B
Bagnères-de-Bigorre, hotels at, [226];
de Luchon, see “[Luchon]”
Baigorry, valley of, [145-146]
Balatag, wood of, on Canigou, [212]
Bambilette, port, [152]
Bargebit, Pic de, on Canigou, [213]
Barrosa, stream of, [174]
Barroude, pass of, [181]
Basque, place names found throughout Spain and Pyrenees, [38-39]
— Valleys, a district of the Pyrenees, [145-154]
Basques, their position on the range, [37];
Pic d’Anie, boundary, [38]
— no Roman record of, [45-46]
Bathing, dangerous when fatigued, [143]
Batallador, surname of Alfonso, [54]
Bayonne, road from, to Pamplona described, [96-99]
Béarn and Aragon, their position on the range, [37]
Béarn, Roman name of, [44];
with Navarre and Roussillon, last exceptions to French sovereignty north of Pyrenees, [49]
Bédous, Hotel de la Poste at, [160]
Bédous, hotel of, [222]
— or Accous, plan of, [159-160]
Belhay, Port de, [152]
Belver, head of Urgel road, [203]
Benarnensium Civitas, modern Béarn, [44]
Bicycling in Pyrenees, [104-105]
Bielsa, Port de, [181]
— second stage in way from Panticosa to Venasque, [170];
described, [171];
inn of, [233]
Biescas, mentioned as example of a town in a Spanish valley, [19]
Bigerriones, original name of inhabitants of Bigorre, [44]
Bigorre, originally land of “Bigerriones,” [44];
Pic du Midi de, see “[Pic]”
Blankets, [122-123]
Boella, Col de, [215]
Bonaigo, Pass of, nature of, [28], [31], [197]
Bota, see “[Gourd]”
Boucacers, Col de, [211]
Boucharo, French name for Bujaruelo, [169]
Boussens, amazing cooking at, [230]
Bread, proper rations of, [125-126]
Brèche de Roland, [173]
Bujaruelo (Boucharo) in Sobrarbe, [169]
Burguete, hotel at, [221]
C
Cabanes, use of, as shelter, [123]
— village and station of, starting-point for passes of Peyregrils and Fontargente, [188]
Cabillere, Pic de, [188]
Cacouette, gorge of, alluded to, [16], [152]
Cadi, Sierra del, mentioned, [20];
aspect from St. Croz, [196];
aspect of, from Cerdagne, [200]
Cady, brook of, [213]
Cambret, brook of, [214]
Camphor, sovereign against bugs, [223]
Camping, rules for, [128-133]
Canal Roya, example of difficulty of finding a col, [110-113]
— valley of, and col, [158]
— entrance to, [161-162]
Canfranc, [161];
poor hotel of, [223]
Canigou, hotel near summit of, [231];
district of, [210-216];
peaks of, ways up to, [211-215]
Canillo, village of, [191]
Carlitte, group of mountains, [204]
Casteil, hamlet on way up Canigou, [212]
Castellbo, first stage in way from Urgel to Esterri, [194];
delicious inn of, [229]
Catalans, their position on the range, [36]
Catalonia, origins of, [54]
Cauterets, hotels of, [226]
Cerberus, Cape, eastern limit of second axis of Pyrenees, [4]
Cerdagne, political anomaly of, [57-58];
described, [199-203];
why annexed by Mazarin, [201]
Chaitza, stream of, [151]
Christians, reconquest of Spanish slope by, [50-54]
Cinca, valley of, with Broto and Esera make up Sobrarbe, [167]
Cinqueta, affluent of the Cinca, [167]
Cirere, Col de, [213]
Climate of Pyrenees, [33-35]
Coidenes, bridge of, [188]
Col, or pass, see under particular names
Comminges, modern name of district of Convenæ, [43-45]
Compass, variation of, in Pyrenees, [60];
necessary in equipment, [127-128]
Consevanni, modern Conserans, [44-45]
Conserans, Roman “Consevanni,” [44-45]
Convenæ, [43-44]
Coumette, Pic de la, [188]
Cruz, Col de la, [174]
Cuberre, bridge of, [176]
D
Dalmanya, torrent of, [213];
village of, [213]
Dastan, Val, [185]
Distance, best reckoned in mountains by time, [76-78]
“Double Col,” most dangerous example of ambiguity in a pass, [137-140]
Driving in Pyrenees, [105]
E
Eaux Bonnes, chief hotel of, [225]
— Chaudes, [164]
— hotel of, [225]
Elizondo, [147-148]
— hotels of, [220]
Elloronensium Civitas, modern Oloron, [44]
Elne, [42]
El Plan, posada of, [233]
Embalire, pass of, [31];
easiest entry into Andorra, [191-193]
Encamps, village of, [191];
inn of, [231]
Equipment, description of necessary, [115-124]
Erro, [148]
— inn at, [221]
Escaló, village of, [196]
Escolier, Pic d’, [150]
Escuain, Col de, [171]
Espousouille, hamlet of, [208]
Esterri, hotel of, [229]
— mentioned as example of a town in a Spanish valley, [18];
described, [197];
way to, from Urge, [194-198]
Europe, grouping of peoples unchanged in, during recorded history, [1-2]
F
Fillols, on way up Canigou from Villefranche, [212]
Foix, county of, identical with valley of Ariège, [15]
Fontargente, tarn of, [191]
— pass of, into Andorra, [190-191]
Forata, Peña, [165]
Formiguères, village of, on way from Ax to Tet valley, [206]
French measurements, English equivalents, [74-77]
— slope of Pyrenees, formation of, [10-12];
names and character of valleys on, [10-15];
multiplicity of roads on, [79-82]
Frontier, political, its present connexion with watershed, [54-58]
G
Gabas, [164]
— excellent hotel of, [224]
Gabediou, Pic de, [182]
Galbe, stream of, [208]
Gallego, valley of, position of, on axis of Pyrenees, [7]
— valley of, [166]
— valley of, easy connexion of, with valley of Aragon, [158]
Gari, valley of, [185]
Garonne, curious source of, [186]
Gas, Pic du Col de, [189]
Gascon, name of, supposed to be Basque, [39]
Gaulis, Col de, [170]
Gavarnie, example of a high-valley village, [21];
town of, [226]
— Port de, [31]
— Cirque de, [181]
Gerbats, Pic de, [182]
Gistain, Col de, [175-176]
Glacé, lake, [186]
Glaciers, absence of, [33]
Gnoles, torrent of, [206]
Gourd, or bota, description of, [117-120]
H
Hayra, forest of, [146]
Heas, stream and village of, [181-182]
Heights and distances, French, way of turning into English feet and miles, [74-77]
Helena, original name of Elne, [42]
Henry IV and Mazarin complete French sovereignty north of Pyrenees, [49]
Hix, [202]
Hospitalet, of Ariège, [191];
of Luchon, [184]
Huesca, Sancho’s attempt on, [53];
road to, [99], [103]
I
Illiberis, old name for Elne, [42]
Inns, of the Pyrenees, [217-233];
Spanish and French, contrasted, [218-233]
Iraty, Spanish valley, head-waters in France, [56]
Isaba, [153]
Ispeguy, pass of, between Baigorry and Baztan, [146]
J
Jaca, mentioned as example of town in Spanish valley, [18];
one of three mountain bishoprics on Spanish slope, [46];
counted as French during Mahommedan occupation, [48];
early independence of, [53];
excellent hotel of, [223]
“Jasses,” nature of these flats, [15-16]
“Jeous,” local name, [26]
K
Kilometre, estimate of, by time, [141-142]
Knapsack, see “[Pack]”
L
Labourd, valley of, [145]
Lakes, character of, in Pyrenees, [32];
of Maladetta, Encantados, etc., [32]
Lakes of the Carlitte, [204]
Lamoux, lake of, [205]
Larrasoaña, [148]
Larrau, [151]
Laruns, [164];
hotel of, [225]
La Tour Carol, [202];
inn of, [231]
Laurhibar, village of, [149];
stream and village of, [149-150]
Lecumberry, [149]
Le Tech, hamlet of, [214]
L’Homme, Pic de, western limit of second axis of Pyrenees, [4]
Licq, [151]
Llavorsi, village of, [196]
Llivia, [200-201]
Lourdes, hotels of, [225]
Luchon, valley of, with valleys of Tarbes, makes separate district in Pyrenees, [179-186]
— hot springs of, [183]
— way to Venasque from, by Port d’Oo, [185-186]
— valley and district of, [182-186];
road to, from Val d’Aran, [197-198];
wealth and hotels of, [228-229]
Lys, valley of, [185]
M
Magdalena, river of, [195]
Maggi, provision of, [125];
method of using, [127]
Maladetta, view of, from Port de Venasque, [185]
Maps, for the range, [59-78]
Marignac, forest of, [184]
Mauléon, capital of the Soule, [149]
Mazarin annexes Roussillon to France, [49]
— annexes Cerdagne, [56-58]
Mediterranean, civilization of, in connexion with Pyrenees, [42-43]
Merens, example of a high-valley village, [17-18]
Metres and kilometres, way of reducing to feet and miles, [74-76]
Midi, Pic du, d’Ossau, [160];
de Bigorre, [180]
Moines, Col des, [157-161]
Mollo, see “[Prats]”
Monsech, Sierra of, distance of, from main range, [9], [20]
Mont Louis, pass of, mentioned, [30];
hotel of, [231]
Motoring in Pyrenees, by the “lower road,” [84-87];
by the “upper road,” [86-93];
across the range, [93-99];
from Pamplona to Jaca, [99];
to Saragossa, [99]
Mountain, ranges of, often regarded too simply, [2-3]
Mules, not always obtainable in inns, [219]
N
Names, fantastic, of Pyrenees mountains, [24]
Napoleon III, makes Somport road from Urdos, [161]
Navarre with Béarn and Roussillon, the last exceptions to French sovereignty north of Pyrenees, [49]
Navas de Tolosa, battle of, [54]
Nive, French river, rises in Spain, [56]
Noguera Pallaresa, [196]
Noguille, lake of, [204]
Novempopulania, Roman district north of Pyrenees, [41-45]
O
Olette, town of, [208]
Oloron, Roman name of, [44];
main road from, to Saragossa, described, [93-96];
hotels at, [222]
Oo, Port d’, [222]
Ordino, town of, [190]
Orgeix, [205]
Oriège, valley of, [205]
Orleu, [205]
Oroel, Peña d’, [161]
Ossau, Val d’, [164];
Pic du Midi de, see “[Pic]”
Otxogorrigagne, Mount, [152]
Ourdayte, or “Urdayte,” Port d’, [31], [152]
Ourdissettou, Pic d’, [181]
P
Pack, type of, in equipment, [121-122]
Pallars, name of Esterri valley, [196]
Pamplona, Roman bishopric on Spanish slope, [46];
road to, from Bayonne described, [96-99];
hotels of, [221]
Pannikin, description of, [115-116]
Panticosa, way to Venasque from, through Sobrarbe, [167-178];
numerous hotels of, [224]
Passes over Pyrenees, nature of, [27-32]
Path, importance of faint indications, so called, in Pyrenees, [113-115]
Pau, Gave de, valley of, position of, on axis of Pyrenees, [6]
Pelayo, heads the Reconquista, [51]
Peña, Sierra de la, mentioned, [19]
Perpignan, hotel and restaurant of, [231]
Peyregrils, pass of, into Andorra, [188-190]
Pic du Midi d’Ossau, [160];
approach from Gabas, [164]
— de Bigorre, [180]
Pinède, cliffs of, [172]
Pique, river of, in Luchon valley, [184]
Pla de Guillem, pass of, in Canigou, [214]
Place names, Basque, in Spain and Pyrenees, [38-39]
Plan, El, village of, [177-178]
“Plans,” larger form of Jasses, [15-16]
Port Vendres, [42]
Portaillet, Col of, on shoulder of Canigou, [214]
Porte Blanche, pass of, into Andorra, [215]
Porté, [204];
inn of, [231]
Porteille, notch between county of Foix and Roussillon, [208]
“Ports,” or passes, over Pyrenees, nature of, [26-30]
Posets, Pic de, [174]
Pourtalet, pass of, mentioned, [30];
modern road over, [163-164]
Prades, town of, way up Canigou from, [212]
Prats de Mollo, [214]
Puigcerdá, [202]
Puigdarbet, peak of, on Canigou, [213]
Puillouse, marsh of, [205]
Puymorens, Col de, limit of the Catalans, [37]
— pass of, [204]
Py, on Canigou, [214]
Pyrenees, physical nature of, [1-35];
double axis of, [3-8];
length of chain, [4];
original formation of, [8];
contrast of northern and southern slope of, [9];
climate of, [33-35];
political character of, [36], etc.;
form the bastion against Islam, [47]
— Treaty of, [49]
Q
Quazémi peak of, on Canigou, [212]
R
Railways, start far from main range on Spanish side, [21]
Rain, distribution of, in Pyrenees, [33-35]
Ranges, mountain, see “[Mountain]”;
secondary, perpendicular to main range on northern, parallel to it on southern slope, [9], [19]
Reconquista, [50-54]
Rialb, stream of, [189]
Rivers, shape of their course on Spanish slope, [20]
Roman advance on Spanish slope, [45-47]
Romans, make watershed of Pyrenees a boundary, [40-41];
their advance north of Pyrenees, [41-45]
Roncesvalles, pass of, mentioned, [30];
high road through, [97];
road to, from Pamplona, [148]
Roque Couloum, mountain, [211]
Roscino, gives name to Roussillon, [42]
Rou, tarn of, [204]
Roussillon, formed round valley of Tet, [15];
with Navarre and Béarn, last exception to French sovereignty north of Pyrenees, [49]
S
Sabouredo, Pic de, eastern limits of first axis of Pyrenees, [4]
Sahun, Col de, [178]
Saillagousse, [202];
a place to avoid, [231]
St. Bertrand de Comminges, origin of, [45]
St. Croz, village of, [194]
St. Duillem, huts of, [214]
Ste. Engrace, [151-153]
— Port de, position of, on axis of Pyrenees, [6];
passage of, [152-153]
— inn at, [222]
St. Etienne, in Baigorry, [146-147]
St. Girons, hotel of, [230]
St. Jean le Vieux, site of Roman town, [148]
St. Jean Pied de Port, [148];
road from, to Soule, [148-151];
hotels at, [221]
St. Jerome, his story of Convenæ, [45]
St. John, Port of, [195-196]
St. Lizier, originally Glycerius, [44]
Salau, pass of, distance of, from plains, [9], [20], [197]
— Port of, mentioned, [30]
Saldeu, pass and hamlet of, [191]
Salinas de Sin, [177]
Sallent, way to, from, Urdos, [161-163]
Sallent, character of inn of, [224]
— Port Vieux de, [163]
Salpichon, value of, [125]
Sancho, killed before Huesca, [53]
Sandales, see “[Alpargatas]”
Sarabillo, [177]
Saragossa, the main road over Pyrenees to, [99], [103]
Sauvegarde, Pic de, [185]
Schrader, his map of central Pyrenees, [61], [73-74]
Secondary ranges, perpendicular to main range on northern side, parallel to it on the southern, [10], [19]
Sentina, torrent of, [177]
Serrat, village of, [190]
Snow, perennial, absence of in Pyrenees, [25]
Sobrarbe, name of Eastern Aragon, [20], [23];
district in Pyrenees, [167-178]
Socks, folly of wearing, [116]
Somport, pass so called, position of, on axis of Pyrenees, [6];
nature of, [28], [30];
main road over, from Oloron to Saragossa, described, [92-95]
Soulauet, tarn of, [189]
Soule, district in Basque valleys, [148-154]
— road from St. Jean de Port to, [148-151]
Souscousse, woods of, [154]
Sousquéou, valley of, [164-165]
Spanish government, contrast of, with French, in Cerdagne, [201]
Spanish slope of Pyrenees, formation of, [10];
type of valleys in, [18-24];
Roman conquest of, [45-47];
reconquest of, by Christians, [50-54];
absence of roads on, [84];
unmapped, [66];
partially given in French maps, [67]
Spates, rare in Pyrenean streams, [32]
Spirits of wine, necessity of, [126-127]
Streams, Pyrenean, spates rare in, [32]
T
Tarbelli, Roman name for people of Dax, [44]
Tarbes, originally Turba, [44];
valleys of, and Luchon, district in Pyrenees, [179-186];
hotel at, [182]
Tardets, central town of the Soule, [150-151];
admirable hotel at, [221-222]
Taurinya, on way up Canigou from Prades, [212]
Tech, valley of, [211]
Tent, folly of carrying one, [124]
Tet, valley of, forms core of Roussillon, [15]
— valley of, with that of Ariège, makes a district in Pyrenees, [204-209]
Thirteen Winds, peak of, on Canigou, [214]
Tigra, forest of, [153]
Time, distance in mountains best reckoned by, [77-78]
Torla, with Bielsa and Venasque, chief centres of Sobrarbe, [167];
first stage in way from Panticosa to Venasque, [169];
curious inn at, [233]
Toro, Trou de, [186]
Torte, tarn of, [204]
Towns, nature of Pyrenean, [17]
Trainzaygues, [180]
Treaty of Pyrenees, [49]
Troumouse, Cirque, [181-182]
Turba, old name of Tarbes, [44]
Turmo, Cabane of, [176]
U
Urdayte, or “Ourdayte,” port of, see “[Ourdayte]”
Urdos, example of a high-valley village, [17];
travel through, [160]
Urgel (Seo de), Roman bishopric on Spanish slope, [46];
bishopric of, counted as French during Mahommedan occupation, [48];
appearance of, [193-194];
way from, to Esterri and Val d’Aran, [194-198];
hotel at, [232]
Urtioga, Mount, western limit of Pyrenees, [4];
in Basque valleys, [145]
V
Val d’Aran, political anomaly of, [56-57];
way to, from Urgel through Esterri, [194-198]
Val Carlos, [148];
accommodation at, [221]
Vallcivera, Port de, [215]
Valleys, nature of, on French slope, [15-18];
eight, on western French slope, [12-15];
two (Ariège and Tet) on eastern French slope, [14-15];
on Spanish slope, nature of, [18-24]
— the Four, district of Pyrenees, [155-166];
strategical importance of, [155-156]
Valley, “wrong,” see “[Wrong valley]”
Venasque, mentioned as example of a town in a Spanish valley, [18];
way to, from Panticosa, through Sobrarbe, [168-178];
alternative southern way to, from Bielsa, [177-178];
way to, from Luchon by Port d’Oo, [185-186];
posada of, [232]
— Port de, mentioned, [31], [184-185]
Vernet, on way up Canigou, [212]
Viella, in Val d’Aran, [197];
road from, to Luchon, [198];
hotels of, [229]
Vielle, hotel at, [227]
Villefranche, town of, rail-head in Tet valley, [209]
Vultures, Peak of the, [153]
W
Watershed, forms political boundary during periods of high civilization, [40-41]
Weather, peculiar difficulty of main ridge in doubtful, [31]
Wine, Spanish, taste of, [219]
Wood, rarely found near lake in Pyrenees, [32];
effect of, on streams, [33]
“Wrong valley,” types of danger of getting into, [133-140]

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