Steam Turbines / A Book of Instruction for the Adjustment and Operation of the Principal Types of this Class of Prime Movers

by Hubert E. Collins

Changes in Piping

After a great deal of argument from the chief engineer, and the firm which furnished the pump, both making a strong plea for a change in the piping, the company accepted the inevitable, and the dotted portion shows the present layout. The elbow M was removed, and a tee put in its place to which the piping D was connected. The circulating pump was removed to the position shown, and a direct connection substituted for the S-bend. The discharge pipe C was carried from No. 1 unit separately, as shown in the elevation, and terminated at No. 1 cooling tower instead of No. 2, which shortened the distance about 60 feet, the total length of pipe (one way) from No. 1 unit being originally 250 feet. In this way the condensing equipment was made practically separate for each turbine, as it should have been in the first place.

With the new piping a vacuum of 24 inches on the peak could be reached. While this is far from an efficient value, yet it is better than the former figure. The failure to reach a vacuum of 28 inches or better is due primarily to a lack of cooling water, but an improvement in this regard could be made by reconstructing the cooling towers, which at present do not offer the proper amount of cooling surface. The screens used were heavy galvanized wire of about 3/16-inch mesh, which became coated in a short time, and must be thoroughly cleaned to permit the water to drop through them. The supply of cooling water was taken from a 30-inch pipe line several miles long and fed from a spring. The amount of water varied considerably and was at times quite insufficient for the load on the plant. Instead of meeting this condition with the best apparatus possible, a chain of difficulties were added to it, with the results given.

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INDEX

• Acceleration, rate of, [147]
• Adjustment, axial, [65]
  • making, [66]
• Air-pump, examining, [163]
• Allis-Chalmers Co. steam turbine, [41]
• Auxiliaries, [2], [154]
  • special, [165]
• Auxiliary plant for consumption test, [137]
  • spring on governor dome, [28]
• Axial adjustment, [65]

• Baffler, [36]
  • functions, [39]
• Bearings, main, [69]
• Blades, construction details, [44]
  • inspecting, [104]
• Blading, Allis-Chalmers turbine, [48]
  • Westinghouse-Parsons turbine, [59], [92]
• Blueprints, studying, [11]
• Buckets, moving, [14]
  • stationary, [14]
• Bushings, [36]

• Carbon packing, [19]
  • ring, [20]
• Central gravity oiling system, [111]
• Circulating pump fails to meet guarantee, [172]
• Clearance, [15], [150]
  • adjusting, [18]
  • between moving and stationary buckets, [4]
  • gages, [17]
  • measuring, [18]
  • radial, [63]
• Comma lashing, [95]
• Condensers, [108], [131]
  • jet, [154]
• Conditions for successful operation, [105]
• Cooling water supply limited, [177]
• Coupling, [127]
• Cover-plate, [4]
  • -plate, lowering, [9]
• Curtis turbine, [11]
  • turbine in practice, [1]
  • setting valves, [31], [32]

• De Laval turbines, [118]
• Draining system, [105]
• Dummy leakage, [115]
  • pistons, [63], [65]
  • rings, [43], [113], [114]

• Equalizing pipes, [64]
• Exhaust end of turbine, [107]
  • pipe, [107]
• Expanding nozzles, [14]

• Feed-pipes, [164]
• Flow, rate, [38]
• Foundation drawings, [2]
  • rings, [44], [46]
• Fourth-stage wheel, [14]
• Franklin, Thomas, [112], [137], [154]

• Gages, calibrating and adjusting, [169]
  • clearance, [17]
  • for test work, [165]
• Generator, [53]
• Glands, examination for scale, [104]
  • packing, [71], [77]
  • regulation, [148]
• Governor, Allis-Chalmers turbine, [48]
  • Curtis turbine, [27], [31]
  • improved, Westinghouse-Parsons turbine, [83]
  • -rods, adjusting, [35]
  • safety-stop, [86]
  • Westinghouse-Parsons turbine, [80]
• Grinding, [38]
• Guide-bearing, lower, [9]
• Gump, Walter B., [172]

• Holly draining system, [106]
• Horseshoe shim, [8]
• Hot-well regulation, [148]

• Inspection, [103]
• Intermediate, [14]

• Jacking ring, [8]
• Jet condenser, [154]
• Johnson, Fred L., [1], [31]

• Leakage, [118]
• Load variation, [144]
• Lower guide-bearing, [9]
• Lubrication, [51]

• Measuring tanks, [171]
• Mechanical valve-gear, [32]

• Nozzles, expanding, [14]

• Oil, [57], [103], [109]
  • amount passing through bearings, [122]
  • consumption, high, [175]
  • detecting water in, [122]
  • pressure, [122]
  • -temperature curve, [123]
• Oil, testing, [110]
  • velocity of flow, [122]
• Oiling, [87]
  • system, importance, [119]
• Operation, Allis-Chalmers turbine, [54], [55]
  • successful, [105]
• Operations in handling turbine plant, [146]
• Overload valve, [28]

• Packing, carbon, [19]
  • glands, [71]
  • ring, self-centering, [14]
• Parsons type of turbine, [41]
• Passage in foundation, [2]
• Peep-holes, [15], [18]
• Piping, [171]
  • changing, [179]
  • inspection, [164]
• Pressure, [63]
  • gages, [166]
  • in glands, [57]
• Pump, circulating, fails to meet guarantee, [172]
  • inspection, [164]

• Radial clearance, [63]
• Rateau turbines, [118]
• Relief valves, [31]
  • valves, importance, [159]
• Ring, carbon, [20]
• Rotor, Westinghouse-Parsons turbine, [59]
• Running, [99]

• Safety-stop, [22]
  • -stop governor, [86]
• Saucer steps, [39]
• Screw, step-bearing, [18]
  • step-supporting, [4]
• Separators, [105]
• Setting spindle and cylinder for minimum leakage, [115]
  • valves in Curtis turbine, [31], [32]
• Shaft, holding up while removing support, [8]
• Shield-plate, [26], [36]
• Shim, horseshoe, [8]
• Shroud rings, [44], [46]
• Shrouding on buckets and intermediates, [18]
• Shutting down, [101]
• Special turbine features, [127]
• Spindle, lifting, [96]
  • removing, [104]
• Spraying mechanism, [158]
• Stage valves, [28], [31]
• Starting up, [54], [95]
• Step-bearing, lowering to examine, [8]
  • -bearing screw, [18]
  • -blocks, [4]
  • -lubricant, [4]
  • -pressure, [38]
  • -supporting screw, [4]
  • -water, flow, [38]
• Stopping turbine, [56]
• Sub-base, [8]
• Superheated steam, [105]

• Test loads, [141]
  • necessary features, [163]
• Testing oil, [110]
  • preparing turbine for, [145]
  • steam turbine, [112], [137], [152]
• Thermometer, calibrating and testing, [169]
  • oil, [125]
• Thrust-block, [118]
• Top block, [4]
• Troubles with steam turbine auxiliaries, [172]
• Turbine features, special, [127]

• Vacuum, [152]
  • raising, [107]
  • test, [135]
• Valve-gear, [83]
  • -gear, mechanical, [22], [32]
  • operation during consumption test, [138]
  • overload, [28]
  • relief, [31]
  • importance, [159]
  • setting in Curtis turbine, [31], [32]
  • stage, [28],31
• Vapor bound pumps, [178]

• Water, cooling, limited, [177]
  • in oil, detecting, [122]
  • -measurement readings, [148]
  • pressure, [101]
  • service, [126]
  • importance, [119]
  • tests of condenser, [133]
  • used in glands, [57], [76]
• Westinghouse-Parsons steam turbine, [58]
• Wheels, [14]
  • lower or fourth-stage, [14]
  • position, [18]