Appendix C
The following tables from the second report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science bring out in detail, first, the gradual disappearance of unemployment and short time and the increase of women’s numbers in industry from September, 1914, to April, 1916; second, the changes in numbers of women in the various occupations, both industrial and nonindustrial in December, 1915, and April, 1916, compared with July, 1914, and, third, similar details as to the number of women who were undertaking “men’s work.”
STATE OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AT VARIOUS DATES
SINCE THE OUTBREAK OF WAR, COMPARED WITH STATE
OF EMPLOYMENT IN JULY, 1914
(“Industrial” employment only.
Numbers employed July, 1914 = 100 per cent.)
| Sept., 1914 | Oct., 1914 | Dec., 1914 | Feb., 1915 | Oct., 1915 | Dec., 1915 | Feb., 1916 | April, 1916 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contraction (-) or expansion (+) in numbers employed | -8.4 | -6.2 | -3.2 | -1.5 | +7.4 | +9.2 | +10.9 | +13.2 |
| Employed on overtime | 2.1 | 5.9 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 13.9 | 14.5 | 12.8 | ... |
| Employed on short time | 36.0 | 26.0 | 19.4 | 12.6 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 4.6 | ... |
EXTENSION OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN
IN DECEMBER, 1915 AND APRIL, 1916
| Occupations Group | Estimated Industrial Population. | Increase (+) or Decrease (-) of Females in | |
|---|---|---|---|
| July, 1914, Females | Dec., 1915 | April, 1916 | |
| Building | 7,000 | + 3,600 | + 6,400 |
| Mines and Quarries | 9,000 | + 800 | + 2,300 |
| Metal Trades | 144,000 | + 71,700 | +126,900 |
| Chemical Trades | 40,000 | + 19,400 | + 33,600 |
| Textile Trades | 851,000 | + 29,700 | + 27,800 |
| Clothing Trades | 654,000 | + 6,700 | + 11,700 |
| Food Trades | 170,000 | + 31,700 | + 30,900 |
| Paper and Printing Trades | 169,000 | ... | - 900 |
| Wood Trades | 39,000 | + 7,400 | + 13,200 |
| Other Trades | 96,000 | + 25,400 | + 35,700 |
| All “Industrial” Occupations | 2,180,000 | +196,500 | +287,500 |
| Commercial | 474,500 | ... | +181,000 |
| Professional | 68,500 | ... | + 13,000 |
| Banking and Finance | 9,500 | ... | + 23,000 |
| Public Entertainment | 172,000 | ... | + 14,000 |
| Agriculture | ... | ... | ... |
| Transport | 9,500 | ... | + 16,000 |
| Civil Service | 63,000 | ... | + 29,000 |
| Arsenals, Dockyards, etc. | 2,000 | ... | + 13,000 |
| Local Government (incl. Teachers) | 184,000 | ... | + 21,000 |
| Domestic Service | ... | ... | ... |
| Total for “Nonindustrial” Occupations | 983,000 | ... | +310,000 |
| Total for all Occupations | 3,163,000 | ... | +597,500 |
EXTENT OF SUBSTITUTION OF FEMALE FOR MALE
WORKERS IN DECEMBER, 1915, AND APRIL, 1916.
| Occupations Group | Estimated number of Females on work in substitution of Males’ work | |
|---|---|---|
| December, 1915 | April, 1916 | |
| Building | 6,100 | 8,800 |
| Mines and Quarries | 2,700 | 4,400 |
| Metal Trades | 70,300 | 117,400 |
| Chemical Trades | 9,600 | 16,200 |
| Textile Trades | 57,600 | 73,400 |
| Clothing Trades | 30,400 | 42,300 |
| Food Trades | 29,500 | 35,000 |
| Paper and Printing Trades | 22,500 | 23,600 |
| Wood Trades | 11,400 | 17,400 |
| Other Trades | 27,000 | 37,400 |
| All “Industrial” Occupations | 267,100 | 375,900 |
| Commercial | ... | 189,000 |
| Professional | ... | 16,000 |
| Banking and Finance | ... | 25,000 |
| Public Entertainment | ... | 32,000 |
| Agriculture | ... | ... |
| Transport | ... | 18,000 |
| Civil Service | ... | 31,000 |
| Arsenals, Dockyards, etc. | ... | 13,000 |
| Local Government (incl. Teachers) | ... | 37,000 |
| Domestic Service | ... | ... |
| Total for “Nonindustrial” Occupations | ... | 361,000 |
| Total for all Occupations | ... | 736,900 |