FOOTNOTES:
[116] Winckelmann, Art. 2, c. 1.
[117] Vol. II., part 2, p. 339. Ed. of Paris.
[118] Comp. Fosbrooke Encyc. of Antiq. London, 1825, part I., p. 208.
APPENDIX A.[ToC]
The heart of man was considered to be the source from whence proceeded, not only the beginnings of life but also the beginnings of thought. It was symbolized by the scarab. Examples of the heart have been found, some with a representation of the human head at the top of them, and of human hands crossed over them; and others, having a figure of the soul in the shape of a hawk with outstretched wings, incised on one side of the model.
Since the foregoing chapters were put in type, which were based on the Book of the Dead as published by M. Paul Pierret in a French translation, from the Turin papyrus and the papyri in the Louvre, as mentioned in my Introduction; the Translation and Commentary of "The Egyptian Book of the Dead" by P. Le Page Renouf, Esq.,[A] Parts I. and II., have appeared.
Mr. Renouf's translation is based on Das Ægyptische Todtenbuch der XVIII. bis XX. Dynastie by M. Edouard Naville,[B] and is from papyri of the Theban Dynasties and from a very much older period than that of the Turin papyrus.
The chapters so far given in Mr. Renouf's translation which relate to the heart, are the 26th, 27th, 28th, 29A, 29B, 30A, and 30B. They are as follows:
CHAPTER XXVI.
Chapter whereby the Heart is given to a person in the Netherworld.
He saith: Heart,[C] mine to me, in the place of Hearts! Whole Heart! mine to me in the place of Whole Hearts!
Let me have my Heart that it may rest within me; but I shall feed upon the food of Osiris, on the eastern side of the mead of amaranthine flowers.
Be mine a bark, for descending the stream and another, for ascending.
I go down into the bark wherein thou art.
Be there given to me my mouth wherewith to speak, and my feet for walking; and let me have my arms wherewith to overthrow my adversaries.
Let two hands from the Earth open my mouth: Let Seb, the Erpā[D] of the gods, part my two jaws; let him open my two eyes which are closed, and give motion to my two hands which are powerless: and let Anubis give vigour to my legs, that I may raise myself up upon them.
And may Sechit, the divine one, lift me up; so that I may arise in Heaven and issue my behest in Memphis.
I am in possession of my Heart, I am in possession of my Whole Heart, I am in possession of my arms and I have possession of my legs.
[I do whatsoever my Genius (Ka?) willeth, and my Soul (Ba?) is not bound to my Body (Khat?) at the gates of Amenta.]
CHAPTER XXVII.
Chapter whereby the Heart of a person is not taken from him in the Netherworld.
O ye gods who seize upon Hearts and who pluck out the Whole Heart; and whose hands fashion anew the Heart of a person according to what he hath done; lo now, let that be forgiven to him by you.
Hail to you, O ye Lords of Everlasting Time and Eternity!
Let not my Heart be torn from me by your fingers.
Let not my Heart be fashioned anew according to all the evil things said against me.
For this Heart of mine is the Heart of the god of mighty names (i.e., Thoth,) of the great god whose words are in his members, and who giveth free course to his Heart which is within him.
And most keen of insight is his Heart among the gods. Ho to me! Heart of mine; I am in possession of thee, I am thy master, and thou art by me; fall not away from me; I am the dictator whom thou shalt obey in the Netherworld.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Chapter whereby the Heart of a person is not taken from him in the Netherworld.
O Lion-God!
I am Unbu[E] and what I abominate is the block of execution.
Let not this Whole Heart of mine be torn from me by the Divine Champions[F] in Heliopolis.
O thou who clothest Osiris and hast seen Sutu.
O thou who turnest back after having smitten him, and hast accomplished the overthrow.
This Whole Heart of mine remaineth weeping over itself in (the) presence of Osiris.
Its strength proceedeth from him, it hath obtained it by prayer from him.
I have had granted to it and awarded to it, the glow of heart at the hour of the god of the Broad Face, and have offered the sacrificial cakes in Hermopolis.
Let not this Whole Heart of mine be torn from me.[G] It is I who entrust to you its place, and vehemently stir your Whole Heart towards it in Sechit-hotepit and the years of triumph over all that it abhors, and taking all provisions at thine appointed time from thine hand after thee.
And this Whole Heart of mine is laid upon the tablets of Tmu, who guideth me to the caverns of Sutu and who giveth me back my Whole Heart which hath accomplished its desire in (the) presence of the Divine Circle which is in the Netherworld.
The sacrificial joint and the funereal raiment, let those who find them bury them.
CHAPTER XXIXA.
Chapter whereby the Heart of a person may not be taken from him in the Netherworld.
Back thou Messenger[H] of thy god! Art thou come to carry off by violence this Whole Heart of mine, of the Living.[I] The gods have regard to my offerings and fall upon their faces, all together, upon their own earth.[J]
Certain chapters referring to the Heart were incised upon hard precious stones,[K] and used as amulets and talisman. The XXVIth upon Lapis-lazuli, the XXVIIth on green Felspar, the XXXth on Serpentine. The following was usually incised on Carnelian.
CHAPTER XXIXB.
Chapter of the Heart; upon Carnelian.
I am the Heron, the Soul of Ra, who conducts the Glorious ones to the Tuat.
It is granted to their Souls (Baiu?) to come forth upon the Earth, to do whatsoever their Genius (Ka?) willeth.
It is granted to the Soul (Ba?) of the Osiris (the name of the deceased was inserted here) to come forth upon the Earth to do whatsoever his Genius (Ka?) willeth.
CHAPTER XXXA.
Chapter whereby the Heart of a person is not kept back from him in the Netherworld.
Heart mine which is that of my Mother, Whole Heart mine which was that of my coming upon Earth,
Let there be no estoppel against me through evidence; let not hindrance be made to me by the Divine Circle; let there not be a fall of the Scale[L] against me in (the) presence of the great god, Lord of Amenta.
Hail, to thee, Heart mine; Hail to thee, Whole Heart mine, Hail to thee, Liver mine!
Hail to you, ye gods who are on the side lock, conspicuous by your sceptres, announce my glory to Ra and convey it to Nehabkau.
[And lo, though he be buried in the deep deep Grave, and bowed down to the region of annihilation, he is glorified there.]
CHAPTER XXXB.
Heart mine which is that of my Mother, Whole Heart mine which is that of my birth,
Let there be no estoppel against me through evidence, let no hindrance be made to me by the Divine Circle; fall thou not against me in (the) presence of him who is at the Balance.
Thou art my Genius (Ka?) who art by me, the Artist who givest soundness to my limbs.
Come forth to the bliss towards which we are bound;
Let not those Ministrants[M] who deal with a man according to the course of his life give a bad odour to my Name.
Pleasant for us, pleasant for the listener, is the joy of the Weighing of the Words.
Let not lies be uttered in the presence of the great god (Osiris?) Lord of Amenta.
Lo! how great art thou [as the Triumphant one.]
This chapter is found upon numerous papyri and scarabs. The differences in the texts are many, the principal may be considered as in the 30A and 30B, of Naville's Text.
The oldest copy we have on a scarab, is on that of king Sebak-em-saf of the XIIIth Dynasty. In the British Museum, No. 7876. Dr. Samuel Birch has described it[N] in his study on the "Formulas relating to the Heart." He says: "This amulet is of unusual shape; the body of the insect is made of a remarkably fine green jasper carved into the shape of the body and head of the insect. This is inserted into a base of gold in the shape of a tablet. * * * The legs of the insect are * * * of gold and carved in relief * * * The hieroglyphs are incised in outline, are coarse, and not very legible."[O]