THE MELTING POT IN ACTION

Aliens admitted to the United States in the year ended June 30th, 1913
African (black)9,734
Armenian9,554
Bohemian and Moravian11,852
Bulgarian, Servian, Montenegrin10,083
Chinese3,487
Croatian and Slavonian44,754
Cuban6,121
Dalmatian, Bosnian, Herzegovinian4,775
Dutch and Flemish18,746
East Indian233
English100,062
Finnish14,920
French26,509
German101,764
Greek40,933
Hebrew105,826
Irish48,103
Italian (north)54,171
Italian (south)264,348
Japanese11,672
Korean74
Lithuanian25,529
Magyar33,561
Mexican15,495
Pacific Islander27
Polish185,207
Portuguese14,631
Roumanian14,780
Russian58,380
Ruthenian (Russniak)39,405
Scandinavian51,650
Scotch31,434
Slovak29,094
Spanish15,017
Spanish-American3,409
Syrian10,019
Turkish2,132
Welsh3,922
West Indian (except Cuban)2,302
Other peoples3,512
Total1,427,227

APPENDIX B

THE POGROM

(I) A RUSSIAN ON ITS REASONS

[From The Nation, November 15, 1913]

It is now over thirty years since the crew of the sinking ship of Russian absolutism first tried this unworthy weapon to save their failing cause. This was when Plehve organised an anti-Semitic agitation and Jewish pogroms in 1883 in South Russia, where the Jews formed almost the only merchant class in the villages, and where the ignorant peasants, together with some crafty Russian tradesmen, had a natural grudge against them. The result was that the prevailing discontent of the masses was diverted against the Jews. A large public meeting of protest was organised at that time in the London Mansion House, the Lord Mayor taking the chair. English public opinion rightly appreciated the value of this criminal method of using Jews as scapegoats for political purposes. Now we see merely a further, and let us hope a final, development of the same tactics. They have been used on many occasions since 1883. One of the largest Jewish pogroms of the latest series in Kishineff in 1903 has been clearly traced to the same experienced hand of Plehve, when the passive attitude of the local administration and the military was explained by the presence in the town of a mysterious colonel of the Imperial Gendarmerie who arrived with secret orders and a large supply of pogrom literature from St. Petersburg, and who organised the scum of the town population for the purpose of looting and killing Jews.

The repulsive stories of further pogroms all over the country immediately after the issue of the constitutional manifesto of October 17, 1905, are fresh in the memory of the civilised world. At that time anti-Semitic doctrine was openly preached, not only against Jews, but against the whole constitutional and revolutionary upheaval. Pogroms against both were organised under the same pretext of saving the Tsar, the orthodoxy, and the Fatherland. Local police and military officials had secret orders to abstain from interference with the looting and murdering of Jews or "their hirelings." Processions of peaceful citizens and children were trampled down by the Cossack horses, and the Cossacks received formal thanks from high quarters for their excellent exploits....

N. W. Tchaykovsky.