INDEX

“Aaron the Just,” [418]
Abbasside Caliphate, the, [172]
Abd-el-Kader, Algerian ruler, [249]
Abd-er-Rahman I, [473]
Abdul Hamid I, Sultan, [110], [159]
Abdul Hamid II, Sultan, [50], [110], [268]
Abgar, King, [285], [296]
Abraham, Patriarch, [253], [275], [294]
Abydas, Strait of, [77]
Abyssinia, [312]
Achilles, Ashes of, [36]
Adadinari IV, [386]
Adana, commercial center, [197]
Aegean Sea, [90]
Afium-Kara-Hissar, [122]
Agamemnon, “King of Men,” [87]
Agostino, Padre, [263]
Aimée Dubuc de Rivery, [110]
Albertus Magnus, [6]
Alcæus, [105]
Aleppo, [255], [263]
Alexander I, of Russia, [78]
Alexander the Great, [27], [46], [78], [83], [194], [217], [400]
Alexandria, [289]
Alfold, great central plain of Hungary, [19]
Ali, first legitimate Caliph, [445]
Al-Khader, [260]
Allah, [237]
Al-Mamun, Caliph, [420]
Al-Mansur, founder of Bagdad, [409]
Ameghino, Dr., [453]
America, does not know or care about the truth about Turkey, [211]
Ammianus Marcellinus, [297]
Amru, [316]
Amuita, Queen, [488]
Anadoli Kavak, [45]
Anathema Maran-atha, [327]
Anatolia, [183]
life of the Osmanlis, [121]
ruins of, [106]
Anatolian Railway, [99], [121], [157]
Anazarbas, [199]
Andrae, Dr. Walter, [379]
Angel de Villarubbia, Fra, [292]
Anglo-French press, hostile to Bagdad railway, [166]
Antakia, [255]
Anthimos VII, Œcumenical Patriarch, [336]
“Antioch the Beautiful,” [218], [255], [289]
Antipater, [201]
“Apostle and Proto-Martyr among Women,” [172]
“Apostle of the Gentiles,” St. Paul, [202]
Arabian horses, [441]
Arabians, life of the, [442]
Arab robbers, protection against, [266]
Aracca, the Erech of Scripture, [461]
Aramaic language, [272]
Aratus, [201]
Archimedes, [201]
Argonauts, [42]
Argos, [44]
Arianism, [232]
Aristarchus of Samothrace, [106]
Aristotle, [83]
Armenian question, [208]
Armenians, business ability of, [271]
massacre of 1909, [205]
responsible in great part for massacres, [207]
Arrians, [101], [305]
Artemidorus, [201]
Ashbelkala, [380]
Ashurnasirpal III, [380]
Asia Minor, [183]
great trouble of, [149]
rich in natural resources, [184]
Aspasia, wife of Pericles, [104]
Asshur, city of, [294]
“Association Laws,” [292]
Assuerus, King, [353]
Asur, builder of Nineveh, [345], [379]
Assyrian Empire, [347]
Astronomy, foundations and practice of, by Babylonians, [501]
Asurbanipal, the Grand Monarch of Assyria, [353]
“A Thousand Nights and a Night,” [261]
Attica, [104]
Attila, [23]
Augustine of Hippo, [369]
Augustus, Emperor, [11]
Aurelian, Emperor, [217]

Babil, mound of, [475], [477]
Babylon, [471–508]
bird’s-eye view of desolation of, [506]
descriptions of, by ancient writers, [483]
great wall of, [483]
hanging gardens of, [282], [494]
present day, [486]
tower of, [491]
Bagdad, [41], [260], [402–436]
ancient glories of, [412]
bazaars of, [432]
Carmelite priests of, [403]
etymological names of, [410]
fall of, [425]
founding of, [409]
modern, [427]
periodically visited by the plague, [431]
population one-fourth Jewish, [432]
the future of, [435]
the women of, [432]
Bagdad railway, [151]
aim and purpose of, [168]
completion of, held up by World War, [370]
Germany gets concession for, [158]
meeting of Czar and Kaiser in 1910 in regard to, [164]
source of far-reaching political cataclysm, [169]
splendidly built, [167]
tunnels of the, [255]
Balkan peninsula, [22]
peoples of, hated one another, more than the Turks, [22]
Barbarossa, Frederick, [78], [121]
Barmecides, Slaughter of the, [419]
Barnabas, [171]
Basra, [264]
Bayazid I, Sultan, [46]
Bazaars of Bagdad, [432]
Beaconsfield, Earl of, [63]
Beames, William, [265]
Bedouins, [268]
life of, [442]
Beirut, [310]
Beith Allah, house of God, [235]
Belgrade, [19]
Belus, first astronomer, [501]
Benjamin of Tudela, [414], [480]
Berosus, priest of Bel, [348]
Berlin, [1]
Bessarion, Cardinal, [335]
Bethsabee, [275]
Bianca Capello, [110]
Bilejik, [122]
Bir, [281]
Birs-Nimrud, [477]
Black Forest, [5]
Black Obelisk of Salmanasar II, [200]
Black Sea, [30]
Black Stone, worshiped by Mohammedans, [235]
“Blue Mosque,” [175]
Bohadin, [417]
Borsippa, [480]
Bosphorus, [161]
plan for tunnel under, [166]
proposed bridge over, [166]
Bossuet of Meaux, [369]
Botta, Paul Emil, [349]
Bourse, the, [163]
Bozanti Khan, [188]
Bralia, [31]
Bréau, Quaterfages de, [456]
Bronze Horses of Lysippus, [58]
Bruin, Cornelius de, [358]
Brusa, [94]
Budapest, [18]
Bukcovitz, Stephen, [114]
Bukharest, city of, [29]
Bulgar Dagh, the, [189]
Burckhardt, discovers black basaltic block, [275]
Burnouf, Eugène, [362]
Byron, Lord, [43]
Byzantine liturgy, [313]
Byzantines, [305]
Byzas, son of Neptune, [67]

Cæsaropapism, [326]
Caetani, Prince, [466]
Caliphs, triumphs of the, [281]
Callicolone, [87]
Calmet, Dam, the Benedictine, [459]
Calycadnus, the, [191]
Camels, trains of, [185]
Canals,
Danube-Elbe, [34]
Danube-Oder, [34]
Danube-Salonica, [34]
Ludwig, [33]
Suez, [153]
Canon law of Mohammedanism, [244]
Cantacuzenos, introduces the Osmanlis into Europe, [113]
Capistrau, St. John, [20]
Capuchins, the, [291]
Caravans, [186]
kept in communication with friends by homing pigeons, [267]
protection against Arab robbers, [266]
trade, [264]
Carchemish, the, [276], [282]
Carmelite priests, of Bagdad, [403]
Cassandra, [91]
Castle of Simeon, [256]
Catherine de Medici, [110]
Catherine II, of Russia, [61], [383]
Caulaincourt, French Ambassador, [79]
Cerularius, Michael, [325]
Chalcedon, [97]
Chaldean church, [307]
Champollion, Jean François, [356]
Chansans de Geste, untruths in, concerning Mohammedanism, [222]
Chardin, Jean, [358]
Charlemagne, [10], [324]
Chateaubriand, [52]
Chesney, Colonel, [152]
Chilat, [298]
Chosroes I, [194], [281], [287]
Christianity,
in relation to Mohammedanism, [247]
need of change of attitude of the West toward the East, [251]
Chrysopolis, the golden city, [96]
Chrysostom, St. John, [71]
Churches of the East, [303–340]
Church of Holy Wisdom, [56]
Cicero, [171]
Cilician Plain, or Cilicea Campestris, [189]
population of, [198]
the Garden of Eden, [214]
three decisive battles of the world fought on, [194]
Citadel, at Aleppo, [273]
“City of Delight,” the, [29]
“City of the Blind,” the, [97]
“City of the Saints,” Bagdad, [260]
Cleopatra, [204]
Code of Hammurabi, [345], [364], [504]
Coffee, great beverage of the Moslems, [179]
Coffeehouse, Oriental, [181]
Columbus, [452]
Comnena, Princess Anna, [72]
Conquest of Constantinople, [328]
Constantine IX, Emperor, [325]
Constantine Paleologus, [68]
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, [414]
Constantine the Great, [68], [321]
Constantinople, [51]
people of, [65]
Constanza, [37]
Consul Lirius, [84]
Coptic church, [312]
Copts, of Egypt, [312]
Corinth, [217]
Cos, [105]
Council of Florence, [327]
Crassus, [297]
Creation, one of the oldest accounts of, discovered, [462]
Crescent and the Cross, [27]
Crimean War, [99]
Crœsus, King of Lydia, [184]
Cross and the Crescent, [27]
Crusaders,
castles built by, [257]
in Phrygia and Lycaonia, [187]
in the footsteps of the, [171]
route of the, [257]
Crusade, Fourth, [327]
time has come for a new but different, [252]
Cunaxa, battle of, [375]
Cyaxares, [345]
Cydnus, [203]
Cydnus, the, [190]
Cyrus, Bishop, [297]
Cyrus the Great, [433]
army of, [171]
Cyrus the Younger, [281]

Dacia, [26]
Dacians, the, [30]
Damascus, [289], [313]
Damoclean sword, [331]
Dandolo, Henricus, [68]
Dante Alighieri, [247], [295]
Danube, [4], [31]
Darius, [194], [281]
Darius Hystaspes, [31]
“Dates of Akkad,” [472]
Dati, Leonardo, [457]
David, King, [275]
Dawson, J. W., [463]
Debora, nurse of Rebecca, [298]
Deggendorf, [8]
De Lesseps, and the Suez Canal, [165]
Delitzsch, Friedrich, [363], [369], [448]
Delta of the Nile, [317]
Dervishes,
dancing or whirling, [173]
howling, [96]
Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft, [387]
Devil’s Wall, [9]
Diana, Temple of, [217]
Diering, Professor, on the Germans, [168]
Diocletian, [100]
Diodorus Siculus, [201], [483]
Dionysides, [201]
Dioscur, Patriarch of Alexandria, [315]
Disraeli, and the Suez Canal, [153]
Djerabis, [282]
“Doctrine of Addai,” [286]
Dominican Sisters of the Presentation of Tours, [308]
Dominicans of Mosul, [307]
Drang nach osten, Trend toward the East, [155]
Duke Leopold, of Austria, [10]
Dunkelboden, [7]

Earthquakes, [218]
Eastern Churches, [303–340]
reunion with the Mother Church, [334]
Edessa, [284]
legend connected with, [284]
school of, [297]
Egyptian monophysites, [312]
Eldred, John, [265], [478]
El Farruch, Earth-Divider, [74]
Elgin, Lord, [57]
Endocia, Empress, [257]
Enoch, the Hermes Trismegistes of the Orientals, [284]
Entente Cordiale, [165]
Ephesus, [103]
Epicureans, [201]
Ermeni Millet, [318]
Eski Bagdad, old Bagdad, [398]
Eski-Shehr, [122]
Etchimiadzin, monastery of, [311]
Eudocea, Empress, [71]
Euphrates, the, [278], [488]
Eusebius of Cæsarea, [285]
Eutyches, [309]
Eutychianism, [309]
Euxine Sea, [5], [35]

Father Damien, [247]
“Father of Medicine,” [105]
Fatihah, first chapter of the Koran, [96]
Feringees, [319]
Figueroa, Don Garcia de Sylva y, [357]
Fourth Crusade, [327]
Fra Diavolo, [195], [196]
Fragistan-Europe, [319]
France, as a protector of Turkey, [160]
fate of the French railway in Near East, [160]
has always encouraged scientific research, [349]
not willing to give recommendations to Bagdad railway project, [163]
on friendly terms with Ottoman Government, [155]
Franciscan friars, [262]
Francis I, of France, [155]
Frankish States, [328]
Fra Oderic of Pordenone, [39]

Galambocz, [24]
Galata, [65]
Galatz, [31]
Garden of Eden, [214]
location of, [447]
motoring in the, [437]
one of the oldest accounts of creation discovered, [462]
Gargar, valley of, [298]
Genghis Kahn, [113]
Germans, determined to build Bagdad railway unaided, [166]
Germany, dream of world power in the East, [155]
gets concession for Bagdad railway, [158]
Ghazzali, [417]
Girgenti, ruins of, [475]
Gisdhubar, [281]
Giurgero, [29]
Gladstone, William, [64]
Glaser, E, [465]
Glorietta of Schönbrunn, [12]
Godefroy de Bouillon, [121]
Golden Fleece, [44]
Golden Horn, [47]
Gordianus III, [297]
Goths, the, [217]
Gourea, Antonio de, [357]
“Granary of Northern Syria,” [278]
Grand Opera House, of Paris, [55]
“Great Assassin,” Abdul Hamid, [159]
Great Britain and the Gold Coast, [250]
attitude toward Bagdad railway, [160]
attitude toward Turks, [159]
does not wish to know the truth about Turkey, [211]
fear of protectorate over Turkey by Teutonic powers, [162]
not willing to give recommendation to Bagdad railway project, [163]
Great Cemetery, [96]
Great Chimu, [497]
“Great Idea,” [332]
“Great Schism,” [325]
Great Sweet Water, [48]
Great Wall of China, [483]
Greece, people of, in ancient days, [274]
Greeks, business ability of, [271]
Gregorians, [310]
Gregory of Nyssa, [369]
Grotefend, Georg Friederich, [360]

Hadj, annual pilgrimage to Mecca, [244]
Haidar Pasha, military hospital, [98]
Hainburg, [14]
Halicarnasus, [217]
Halil Halid, the Anatolian, [210]
Hamme, Frère Lieven de, [263]
Hammurabi, Code of, [345]
Hanging gardens of Babylon, [282], [494]
Hannibal, [94]
Haran, city of, [293]
Harem, explanation of, and meaning, [126–129]
Haremlik, [126]
Harnack, Professor, [338]
Harpies, [44]
Harum-al-Rashid, [46], [417]
Hazret, Mevlana, [175]
Hebron, [275]
Hedja railroad, [267]
Hellespont, the Thacian, [77]
Heraclius, [194], [281]
Herbert, Thomas, [358]
Hergenroether, Cardinal, [229]
Herodotus, [281], [347], [488]
Hieron, city of, [46]
Higden, Ralph, the Benedictine, [449]
Hillah, village of, [349], [471]
Hincks, Edward, [362]
Hipparchus of Nicæa, [105], [502]
Hippocrates, [105]
Hippodrome, in Constantinople, [58]
Hissarlik, hill of, [86]
Hittites, language of undecipherable as yet, [276]
third great empire with Egypt and Babylonia, [275]
Hogarth, David G., on the Armenian question, [208]
Holy City of Jerusalem, [187]
Holy Directing Synod, [331]
Homer, [36], [81]
Hommel, F., [465]
Howling Dervishes, [96]
Hudibras, [450]
Huet, Pierre Daniel, [460]
Hugo, Victor, on the Danube, [5]
Hulagu Khan, [426]
Hunyady Janos, [20]

Ibrahim, [117]
Iconium, now Konia, [122], [151]
Iconoclasts, doctrine of, [102]
Ida, [87]
Iliad and Odyssey, [81]
Illock, [20]
Imam, the, [236]
Iman Dura, town of, [397]
Imperial Museum of Constantinople, [273]
Independent Church of the Monastery of Mount Sinai, [331]
Indicopleustes, [450]
International Commission, for regulation of traffic, [33]
Io, priestess of Hera at Argos, [45]
Ionia, [104]
Irene, Empress, [102]
Iron gate, [26]
Irrigation, of Babylon, [499]
Isaac, [295]
Ishtar gate, [494]
Islam, creed of, [227]
liberal policy of, [116]
not opposed to influence of foreign science, law or theology, [243]
past and present, [220]
“the lay religion par excellence,” [233]
Island of Achilles, [36]
Ismid, [100]
Italy, recent campaigns in Tripoli, [250]

Jacobites, [309]
Jacob, Patriarch, [284]
Janissaries, corps of, [114]
Jappa, Gate of Jerusalem, [262]
Jason, [44]
Jebel Hamrin, [389]
Jebel Makhul, [389]
Jebel Sinjar, [300]
Jelal-ed-din-Rumi, tomb of, [172]
Jenghiz Khan, [216]
Jerablus, [278]
Jerusalem, [263]
Jinn, land of the, [261]
Joachim III, Œcumenical Patriarch, [334]
Joan of Arc, [247]
Joseph II, Emperor of Austria, [61]
Joseph of Burgos, Fra, [292]
Judas Iscariot, [295]
Julian, the Apostate, [10]
Julius Cæsar, [84]
Justinian, [321]

Kaaba at Mecca, the, [235]
Kadi Keni, town of, [97]
Kaempfer, Engelrecht, [358]
Kaffa, city of, [41]
Kaif, favorite pastime of the Moslems, [138]
Kalah Sherghat, mound of, [378]
Kalat el Gebbar, [389]
Kalat Makhul, [389]
Kapist, Count, [154]
Katholicos, head of the Nestorian church, [306]
Kelek, a trip down the Tigris on a, [370–401]
Kerbela, sacred shrine of, [444]
“Key of the Danube,” the, [24]
Khabur, valley of, [298]
Khanikin, [154]
Khatti, the, [275]
Kheta, the, [275]
Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, [217]
Kohl, J. G., [17]
Koldewey, Dr. Robert, [379], [475]
Konia, [151]
ancient Iconium, [122]
inhabitants of, [176]
situation and climate of, [174]
Koran, [96], [116]
contains many beautiful things, [248]
Kublai Khan, [40]
Kufah, [466]
Kurdish race, [208]
Kurdistan, [306]
Kutchuk Ali Uglu, [194]
Kuyunjik, [365]

Lane-Poole, Stanley, [243]
Language of Babylonia, [500]
Latin Empire in Constantinople, establishment of, [327]
Latin, language of Hungary for many years, [16]
Latin Millet, [318]
Layard, Austen Henry, [350]
Leah, [294]
Lebanon, [313]
Lebanon Range, [294]
“Legend of Abgar,” [285]
Lemnos, [87]
Lenormant, François, [456]
Leo, the Mathematician, [423]
Leo XIII, Pope, [334], [338]
Lesbos, [105]
Liberator of Bulgaria, [29]
Library of Asurbanipal, [354]
Linschoten, John Huyghen Van, [265]
Little Sister of the Poor, [248]
Little Sweet Water, [48]
Lloyd George, David, [64]
Lombard, Peter, [449]
Loti, Pierre, on the Turks, [140], [144]
Louis VII, of France, [121]
Lucian, the Greek Voltaire, [346]
Lucullus, [297]
Ludwig I, of Bavaria, [6]
Ludwig Kanal, [33]
Lully, Raymond, [252]

Mahmud II, Sultan, [110], [156]
Malabar, [310]
Malik al-Ashraf, [217]
Mandeville, Sir John, [378], [451], [482]
Manzoni, [8]
Marco Polo, [39], [304], [412]
Marcus Aurelius, [14]
Mardin, city of, [304]
Mare Magnum or Majus, [39]
Margaret de Valdemar, Queen of Norway, Sweden and Denmark, [383]
Maria Theresa, Queen, [15]
Marie-Joseph, Father, [405]
Mark Anthony, [204]
Marmora, Sea of, [77]
Maronites, [313]
Marquise de Pompadour, [110]
Marracci, Padre Lodovico, [221], [226]
Mar Shimum, Lord Simon, [306]
Mar Yohannan, [308]
Mausolus, King of Caria, tomb of, [184]
Mayo, M., [453]
McGahan, Januarius A, [27], [28]
Mecca, hadj, or annual pilgrimage to, [224]
Medak, or story-teller, [177]
Medes, the, [345]
Mehemet Ali, [189]
Melchites, [310]
Merodach, temple of, [490]
Mesopotamia, [283]
Metz, Gautier de, [449]
Mevlana, tomb of, [172]
Meyer, Professor Wilhelm, [361]
Michael Cerularius, [325]
Michael Prellos, [326]
Midas, King of Phrygia, [184]
Moawiah, Saracen, [61]
Mohammed, accomplishments of, [230]
and his followers, [224]
creed of, [227]
erroneous notions concerning, [224]
preaches monotheism, [230]
reformation of his countrymen by, [229]
Mohammedanism, campaign of vilification against, [225]
changeless in doctrine, [242]
Christianity in relation to, [247]
has a reverence for our Saviour, [249]
much to respect and admire in, [270]
not on the wane, [240]
“the lay religion par excellence,” [233]
theologians comment on, [238]
Mohammed II, Sultan, [57], [68], [108], [311], [321]
Mohammed V, Sultan, [125]
Monogamy, [125]
Monophysitism, [309]
Monotheism, preached by Mohammed, [230]
Montague, Lady Mary Wortley, on the Turkish women, [181]
Mopsuestia, city of, [197], [199]
Moslems, by law not allowed to erect tombstones, [259]
characteristics of, [134]
creed of the, [227]
forbidden tobacco, [178]
great use of coffee, [179]
of a deeply religious nature, [221]
orthodox, do not like the dervishes, [173]
piety and devotion of, [124]
prayers, [237]
regard paintings and statues as impious, [175]
women, their place in things, [129]
Mosques, the, [234]
Mosul, [298], [299], [303]
Mount Athos, community of, [331]
Mummius, [217]
Murad II, Sultan, [108]
Muslin, derivation of the word, [298]
Mustansiriyah College, [417]

Nabonnassar, era of, [501]
Nabopolassar, [345]
Nahr Belikh, [293]
Napoleon, [78]
Nazienzus, St. Gregory, [71]
Near East question, modified by the Bagdad railway, [151]
Nebuchadnezzar II, [281], [397], [490]
Nehi Yunus, [365]
Nejef, sacred shrine of, [444]
Nestor, [201]
Nestorianism, [297], [305]
Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, [305]
Nibelungenlied, [11]
Nicæa, [101]
Nicene Creed, [102]
Nicomedia, [101]
Niebuhr, Carsten, [349], [358], [480]
Nightingale, Florence, [98]
Nimrod, [284]
Nimrod’s tower, [478]
Nimroud, general aspect of, [376]
ruins of, [376]
Nineveh, [341–369]
built by Asur, [345]
early history of, [345]
“Niobe of nations,” [310]
Nippur, ruins of, [364]
Nisibis, [289], [296]
Nitocris, Queen, [488]
Nizamiyah College, [417]
Noachian deluge, [351]
Nod, land of, [462]
Novatians, [305]
Norris, Edwin, [362]

“Oak of Weeping,” [298]
Obbanes, [281]
Œcumenical councils, [102]
Œcumenical Patriarchs, [330]
Olympus, [90]
Omar Khayyám, [417]
Opis, [400]
Oppert, head of French expedition to Mesopotamia, [482]
Orientalium Dignitas Ecclesiarum of Pope Leo XIII, [340]
Orkhan, second ruler of the Osmanlis, [95]
son of Osman, [107]
Orthodox churches, [320]
Osman, founder of the Osmanli dynasty, [107]
Osmanlis, characteristics of, [133]
great sin, one of omission rather than commission, [219]
plea for more tolerance to, [150]
Oshœne, kingdom of, [284]
Ottoman women, [49]

Pæstum, ruins of, [475]
Pagans, [304]
Palace of the Star, [49]
Paleologus, Theodore, [114]
Palgrave, on Mohammedanism, [241]
Palmyra, [217]
Pan-Islamism, a force which Christianity must reckon with, [243]
greater missionary force than ever, [244]
the strengthening of, [268]
Parthenon, [57]
Parthian Kings, [491]
Parthians, [297]
Passau, [7]
Patriarch of Alexandria, head of the Copts, [312]
Patriarchus Antiochenus Maronitarum, [314]
Paulinists, [305]
Paul-Simon, Father, [403]
Perez, Father, [403]
Pergamus, kingdom of, [185]
Peripatetics, [201]
Persepolis, [356]
Persian Gulf, [466]
Persian Kings of the Achæmenian dynasty, [356]
Persian satraps, [310]
Persian shiites, [445]
Persians, school of the, [290]
Pescennius Niger, [194]
Peter the Great, [331]
“Peuteringian Table,” [298]
Peter the Venerable, Abbot of Cluny, [232], [252]
Petervarad, [20]
Phanar, the Vatican of the Orthodox church, [330]
Philetism, love of one’s race, [330]
Photius, [71], [323]
Phrygian language, [171]
Pietro della Valle, [263]
Pillars of Hercules, [325]
Pinches, T. F., [462]
Plague, in Bagdad, [431]
Platonists, [201]
“Plato the Divine,” [172]
Pliny the Younger, [94]
Polygamy, [125]
Pontus Axenus, [39]
Pool of Abraham, [291]
Porter, Robert Ker, [480]
Potsdam, meeting at, in 1910 of Czar and Kaiser, [164]
Poverello of Assisi, [142]
Pozsony, [18]
Præclara, [335]
Prayer, of the Moslems, [237]
Priam, city of, [88]
Primate of the Melchites, [313]
Princes Islands, [99]
Prophet Daniel, [375]
Prophet Jonas, mound of, [352]
Prophet Zephaniah, [345]
Psametik, King of Egypt, [171]
Pylæ Ciliciæ, or Cilician Gates, [188]
Pylæ-Tauri, gate of Taurus, [189]

“Queen of the East,” [194]

Rachel, [294]
Railway, construction of, across Mesopotamia, [152]
Rameses II, the greatest of the Pharaohs, [274]
Ramsay, Lady, [129]
Ramsay, Sir W. M., [129]
Raphael’s Madonna of San Sisto, [3]
Rashid ud Din, [413]
Rassam, Ormuzd, [351]
Ratisbon, city of, [3]
Rawlinson, Sir Henry, [361], [411]
Rebecca, [294]
Reign of Terror in France, [212]
Rhazes, Mussulman physician, [416]
Rhenus Superbus, [8]
Rhine, river, [11]
Richard Cœur de Lion, [10]
Rich, Claudius James, [349], [480]
Ricouard, Marie, [404]
Rio de Janiero, [66]
“Rite of Malabar,” [314]
Robinson, Reverend Paschal, [141]
Romans, road builders of antiquity, [254]
Roumania, [26]
Roxalana, the Muscovite, [109]
Royal Art Gallery of Dresden, [3]
“Royal Road,” [121], [253]
Rum Millet, [318]
Russia, attitude toward the Bagdad railway, [160]
campaigns in the Transcaucasia, [250]
waives all share in Bagdad railway, [164]
Russian Nihilist, Armenian revolutionists inspired by, [206]
Russians, [28]

Safia, the Venetian, [110]
St. Athanasius of Alexandria, [335]
St. Augustine, [228]
St. Basil’s liturgy, [340]
St. Bernard, [299]
St. Cyril, Patriarch of Alexandria, [315]
St. Dominic, Sons of, [341]
St. Ephrem, [290]
St. Francis, Sons of, [142]
St. George and the dragon, [24]
St. Gregory Mazienzen, [333]
St. Gregory the Illuminator, [310]
St. Jerome, [232], [299]
St. John of Chrysostom, [333]
St. John of Damascus, [231]
St. John of Jerusalem, Knights of, [217]
St. Mary of Kanobin, [314]
St. Paul, [171], [189]
life and career of, [202–205]
St. Peter of Alcantara, [406]
St. Prosper of Aquitaine, [216]
St. Simeon Stylites, [257]
St. Stephen, cathedral of, [12]
St. Thecla, [172]
St. Theodore of Studium, [339]
St. Theresa, [247]
St. Thomas, church of, in Malabar, [314]
St. Vincent de Paul, [247]
Sainte-Thérèse, Father Bernard de, [404]
Saladin, Sultan, [223]
birthplace of, [393]
Salmanassar I, [376]
Salmanassar II, black obelisk of, [200]
Salmanassar III, [386]
Sammuramat, or Semiramis, [381]
Samothrace, [87]
San Marco, Cathedral of, [58]
San Stephano, treaty of, [63]
Santa Sophia, church of, [53]
Sapor I, [297]
Sappho, [105]
Saracens, [317]
Sardanapalus, [203]
Sargan II, [386]
Sarzec, M. Ernest de, [363]
Satyrs, [476]
Saulcy, M. de, [362]
Schneider, Siegmund, German engineer, [166]
Scholarios, George, [328]
School of Edessa, [297]
“School of the Persians,” [290]
Schrader, Eberhard, [363]
Second Council of Lyons in 1274, [327]
See of Constantinople, [325]
Selamlik, [127]
Seleucia, city of, [491]
Seleucia-Ctesiphon, [305]
Seleucids, the, [316]
Seleucus Nicator, [491]
Seleucus, the Chaldean astronomer, [503]
Selim I, Sultan, 108, [117]
Seljuk Sultans of Rum, [172]
Semiramis, [381]
family and connections of, [386]
“Semiramis of the North,” the, [61]
Sennacherib, [375]
Septimus Severus, [14], [194], [297]
Serbians, against the Turks, [148]
Serpent Column from Delphi, [59]
Seven Sleepers, legend of the, [197]
Shamsi-Adad V, [380]
Simeon, castle of, [256]
“Siren of the Nile,” [205]
Sister of Charity, [247]
Sisters of St. Francis from Lons, [292]
Skobeleff, General, [28]
Smith, George, [351]
Sobieski, John, [13]
Solyman the Magnificent, [108]
Solyman Pasha, [78]
Sons of St. Dominic, [303]
Sons of St. Francis, [142]
Sanusiyahs, the, [246]
Stamboul, [48]
Stanley, Dean, [337]
Stoics, [201]
Stone of Nebi Yunus, [352]
Strabo, [201]
Suez Canal, [153]
Sunnites, the, [445]
Syrians, the, [272]
Syrian Uniates, [310]

Tabriz, city of, [41]
Tallyrand, [34]
Tarsus, [190], [202]
once the center of Greek thought and knowledge, [201]
Tartars, [306]
Taurus Mountains, [183]
Tekrit, [392]
Telloh, city of, [364]
Temple of Fame, [6]
Tenedos, [87]
Ten Thousand Greeks, the, [171]
Terrestrial Paradise, dispute as to, [447]
“Testament of Leo XII,” [335]
Teufelsmauer, Devil’s Wall, [9]
Teutonic Powers, [162]
Thaddée, Father, [403]
Thapsacus, [281]
Thare, [294]
“The Great River” of the Jews, [282]
Theodora, daughter of Cautacuzenos, [114]
Theodora, Empress, [102]
Theodosius II, Emperor, [257]
“The Round City,” [411]
“The Terrible Turk,” [148]
Thévenot, Jean de, [391]
“Thirty pieces of silver,” [295]
Thracian Hellespont, [77]
Tiglath-Pileser I, King of Assyria, [293], [386]
Tigris, the, [278]
Timok River, [27]
Timur, [113], [216]
Tobacco, use of, forbidden by Moslems, [178]
Tomi, [37]
Tonietti, Sig. A., [154]
Tower of Babel, mound of Babil not the, [479]
Trade routes of the Near East, [253]
Trajan, Emperor, [298]
Trampe, Herr, [168]
Treaty of San Stephano, [63]
Trojan War, [319]
Troubadours, the, [222]
Troy, glory of, immortal, [93]
plain of, [88]
“Turk,” applied by Osmanlis when referring to a brutal man, [112]
Turks, propaganda against, [123]
treatment of the women, [131]
Turkey, Great Powers cannot, without trouble, treat, as pariah nation, [213]
Tyre, city of, [217]

Uniate Copts, [313]
Uniates, [308]
Urban VIII, Pope, [404]
Urfa, [284]
“Uriah the Hittite,” [275]
Ur of the Chaldees, [294]

Vale of Bozanti, [188]
Valle, Pietro della, [357], [478]
Vasco da Gama, [73], [264]
Venice, [58]
Via Sacra, of Babylon, [497]
Vienna, [13]
Villamil, Emeterio, [453]
Violet, M. H., [399]
Vladimir, King of Russia, [339]
Volga River, [32]
Voltaire, [269]
on the Koran, [225]
von Bieberstein, Baron Marschall, [158]
von Hammer-Purgstall, [304]
von Moltke, [156]
von Pressel, Wilhelm, German engineer, [166]
von Siemens, Dr. George, [156]

Wahabis, the, [179]
Wallachians, [114]
Whirling dervishes, [173]
“White City” of Serbia, [21]
Whitman, Sidney, on the Turks, [147]
Wiseman of Westminster, [369]
Wo Lag das Paradies, [466]
Wolf of the Capitol in Rome, bronze, [59]
Worship, freedom of, allowed by the Turks, [145]

Xenocrates, [97]
Xenophon, [46], [189], [281]
Xerxes, [59], [77], [83]

Yashmak, veil worn by Moslem women, [128]

Zab, the, [388]
Zenobia, “Queen of the East,” [194]
Zeno, Emperor, [201], [297]
Zeus, [45], [91]
Zikr ul Aawaze, [376]
Zobeide, tomb of, [440]
Zoroaster, religion of, [256]