INDEX

A
Abruzzi, The Duke of the, [301] et seq.
Adam, [54].
Advance, the, [132], [182] et seq.
Akaitcho, [49].
Aldrich, Pelham, [216];
sledging expedition, [219].
Alert, the, voyage of, [215].
Alexander, the, [35].
Alexieff, [24].
Ambler, Dr, [249].
Anderson, James, [168].
Andrée, [289], etc.
Ankudinoff, [24].
Anne, Empress, [24].
Archangel, [7].
Armitage, Lieut., [273].
Armstrong, Dr, [143] et seq.
Assistance, the, [132], [152], [156].
Astrup, Elvind, [264] et seq.
Augustus, [60] et seq.
Austin, Capt. H., [132] et seq.
B
Back, George, [31], [45], [71], [87], [95] et seq.
Baffin, William, [20] et seq.
Banks, Sir Joseph, [30].
Baptiste, [73].
Barents, W., [12] et seq.
Barren Ground, [53].
Barrow, Sir John, [30].
Battye, Trevor, [287].
Bear, the, [231].
Beaumont, Lieut., Expedition of, [221].
Beechey, [31] et seq., [38], [79], [102].
Beechey Island, [132].
Belanger, [59].
Belcher, Sir E., [150] et seq.
Bellot, J. R., [135];
death, [156].
Bennett, J. G., [244].
Benoit, [60].
Bering, Vitus, expeditions of, [25], [26]
death, [26].
Bessels, Dr, [195].
Bird, John, [113].
Bismarck, Count, [223].
Blonkvist, [273].
Blosseville, Lieut., [258].
Blossom, H.M.S., [71].
Bona Esperanza, the, [6].
Booth, Felix, [86].
Borgen, Dr, [201].
Boyle, John, [145].
Brainan, Sergt., [228].
Brooks, [182], [185].
Bruce, James, [113].
Brusneff, [307].
Buchan, Capt., [31] et seq.
Buddington, Capt. J. M., [157], [194], [195].
Button, Sir Thomas, [20].
Bylot, Richard, [20] et seq.
C
Cabot, John, [2].
Cabot, Sebastian, [2].
Cagni, U., [301].
Carcase, the, [27].
Carlsen, Capt. E., [236].
Carnegie, A., [236].
Castor, the, [104].
Chancellor, Capt. Richard, [6] et seq.
Chester, [195].
Child, [271].
Chipps, Lieut., [249].
Christian, Hans, [187] et seq., [216].
Chydenius, Prof., [236].
Clavering, Capt., [258].
Clerke, Capt., [29].
Collinson, Capt. Richard, [137];
voyage of, [147] et seq., [155].
Columbus, [2].
Coningham, Mrs, [118].
Conway, H. E., [287].
Conway, Sir Martin, [287] et seq.
Cook, Capt., [29].
Cook, Dr, [264].
Copeland, Dr, [201].
Coppinger, Dr, [221].
Credit, [58].
Crozier, F. R. M., [117];
record of, [175].
D
Dalagar, [258].
Daniell, the Dane, [258].
Dannett, Captain, [121].
Davis, John, [8] et seq.
Dease, P. C., [103].
De Bray, [153].
De Bruyne, [253].
De Haven, Lieut., [132].
De Long, Commander, [244].
Deshneff, [24].
Des Vœux, C. F., [117], [175].
De Veer, Gerrit, [14].
Diana, the, [297].
Dickson, Oscar, [236], [241], [242], [290].
Dietrichson, Lieut., [260].
Digges, Sir Dudley, [18].
Discovery, the (1778), [18];
(1875), [215].
Domville, Dr, [146], [153].
Dorothea, the, [31] et seq.
Durfourth, Cornelius, [6].
E
Eberlin, P., [258].
Edge, Thomas, [236].
Edward Bonaventure, the, [6].
Egede, Han, [258].
Egerton, Lieut., [219].
Ehrensvärd, Count, [236].
Eira, the, [253] et seq.
Ekman, [236].
Elizabeth, the, [10].
Ellen, the, [10].
Ellesmere Land, explored by Sverdrup, [293];
by Peary, [296].
Elson, [79].
Emory, H. H., [231].
Enterprise, the, [132], [137], [147] et seq.
Erebus, the, [116] et seq.
Expres, the, [289].
Express, the, [242].
F
Fairholm, Commander, [117].
Falcon, the, [267].
Felix, the, [132].
Fisher, H., [271].
Fitzjames, James, [116] et seq.
Forsyth, Capt., [133].
Fortuna, the, [24].
Fox, the, [168] et seq.
Fox, “North-West,” [21].
Fraenkel, [291].
Fram, the, under Nansen, [279] et seq.;
under Sverdrup, [293] et seq.
Franklin, Lady, [132], [169].
Franklin, Sir John, voyage on Trent, [31];
first overland journey, [45] et seq.;
second land journey, [70] et seq.;
last voyage, [116] et seq.;
search for, [129] et seq.;
relics of, found by Hobson, [173] et seq.
Franz Josef Land, discovered, [211];
explored by Leigh Smith, [254];
by Jackson, [270] et seq.;
by the Duke of the Abruzzi, [302];
by Wellmann, [305].
Frazier, the, [242].
Frobisher, Martin, [7] et seq.
Fury, the, [64].
G
Gabriel, the, [25].
Garde, [258].
Garlington, Lieut., [230].
Garwood, E. J., [287].
George, the, [11].
Germania, the, [200] et seq.
Gibbons, [20].
Gibson, [264].
Giesecke, K. L., [258].
Gilder, W. H., [181].
Gladen, the, [237].
Goodsir, H., [118].
Gordon, Admiral, [157].
Gore, Graham, [100], [117], [175].
Graah, W. A., [258].
Gray, David, [253].
Gray, John, [253].
Greely, A. W., [224] et seq.
Greene, H., [19].
Greenland, discovered by Erik, [2], [8-10];
explored by Hudson, [17], [20];
Koldewey, [200] et seq.;
for explorations of Nansen, Peary, and others, see chapters xxviii. and xxxii.;
Beaumont, [221];
Lockwood, [227].
Grinnell, Henry, [182].
Grinnell Land, explored by Aldrich, [221];
Peary, [295].
Griper, the, [38] et seq.
Grosseliez, [22].
H
Hall, Charles Francis, [192] et seq.
Hamilton, Lieut, [152] et seq.
Hamke, Gale, [258].
Hansa, the, [201] et seq.
Harmsworth, Alfred (Lord Northcliffe), [271], [295].
Harstene, Lieut., [190].
Haswell, Lieut., [145]
Hayes, I. I., [182] et seq.;
voyage of, [190].
Hazen, General, [234].
Hearne, Samuel, [23].
Hecla, the, [38].
Heemskeerck, J., [12].
Hegemann, voyage of, [201] et seq.
Heilprin, Prof., [264].
Hepburn, John, [45] et seq.
Herald, the, [129], [138].
Hettlitz, Dr, [271].
Hobday, George, [180].
Hobson, Lieut. W. R., [169], [171], [179], [180];
discovers Gore’s Record, [174].
Hodgson, [117].
Holm, G., [257].
Hood, Robert, [45] et seq.
Hope, the, [256].
Hoppner, Lieut., [38], [87].
Hudson, Henry, [17] et seq., [258].
Hudson Bay Company, formation of, [22].
I
Ignatieff, I., [24].
Inglefield, E. A., [156].
International Circumpolar Stations, [223] et seq.
Intrepid, the, [132], [152].
Investigator, the, [132], [137] et seq.
Irving, Lieut., [175].
Isabel, the, [86].
Isabella, the, [35].
Isbjörn, the, [207].
J
Jackson, Charles, [11].
Jackson, F. G., [270] et seq., [285].
James, Capt., [21].
Jeannette, the, cruise of, [244] et seq.;
relics found, [278].
Jensen, [258].
Johannsen, [273], [280] et seq.
K
Kane, Elisha Kent, expedition of, [182] et seq.
Kellett, Captain, [129], [138], [145], [146];
expedition of, [152] et seq., [157].
Kennedy, Captain, [135], [136].
King, John, [19].
King, Richard, [96].
Kislingbury, Lieut., [226];
death of, [231].
Kite, the, [264].
Knight, James, [22].
Knudsen, R., [258].
Knutsen, H., [258].
Kolchak, Lieut., [306].
Koldewey, Karl, [200] et seq.
Krabbe, [154].
L
Lachambre, [290].
Lady Franklin, the, [132].
Legros, [113].
Leif, [2].
Lena, the, [242].
Liddon, Lieut., [38].
Lincoln, R., [231], [234].
Lion, the, [74].
Lutwidge, Capt., [27].
Lyon, Capt. G. F., [64], [79].
M
M’Clintock, F. L., [134], [135], [152], [153];
search for Franklin, [169] et seq.
M’Clure, J. Le M., [100], [137] et seq., [153], [157].
M’Gary, [187].
M’Kay, [99].
Mackenzie, A., [24].
Magnet, the, [124].
Maigaard, Christian, [263].
Markham, A. H., [216], [219], [220], [253].
May, Lieut., [219].
Mecham, Lieut., [152] et seq.
Melville, Lord, [80].
Melville, Lieut., [234], [245] et seq.
Merimade, the, [9].
Mias, Lieut., [65].
Middleton, Captain, [65].
Minion, the, [16].
Mohn, Prof., [279].
Molinelli, Dr, [301].
Monticello, the, [193].
Moonshine, the, [8].
Moore, Commander, [129], [138].
Morton, [183], [187].
Munk, Jens, [21].
Muscovy Company, [11].
N
Naddod the Viking, [1].
Nancy Dawson, the, [129].
Nansen, F., [244];
crosses Greenland, [259];
meets Jackson, [274];
voyage in the Fram, [279].
Nares, G., [152], [153], [215] et seq.
Nathorst, A., [258].
Nelson, H., [28].
Nobel, A., [290].
Nordenskiöld, A. E., early voyages of, [235] et seq.;
the Vega, [241] et seq.;
Greenland, [258-9].
Norquist, Lieut., [243].
North-east voyages: Willoughby, [6];
Jackson and Pet, [11];
Barents, [11] et seq.;
Russian voyages, [24];
Bering, [25] et seq.;
passage discovered by Nordenskiöld, [241].
North magnetic pole, [90] et seq.
North Polar expeditions: Thorne, [4];
Phipps and Lutwidge, [27] et seq.;
Buchan and Franklin, [31] et seq.;
Parry, [79] et seq.;
Weyprecht, [207] et seq.;
Markham, [220];
Nordenskiöld, [239];
De Long, [244] et seq.;
Nansen, [278] et seq.;
Andrée, [289] et seq.;
Peary, [298];
Abruzzi, [303];
Wellmann, [304].
North Star, the, [132] et seq.
North-west expedition, suggested, by Cabot, [2];
Davis, [8] et seq.;
Hudson, [18] et seq.;
Baffin, [20];
Fox, [21];
Knight, [22];
Middleton, [23];
Hearne, [23];
Mackenzie, [24];
Cook, [29];
Ross and Parry, [35] et seq.;
Parry, 1819, [38] et seq.;
1821, [64] et seq.;
1823, [68];
Franklin, 1819, [45] et seq.;
1825, [71] et seq.;
1845, [117] et seq.;
Lyon, [79];
Ross, [87];
Back, 1833, [95] et seq.;
1836, [100] et seq.;
Dease and Simpson, [102] et seq.;
Rae, 1846, [124];
discovery of the North-West Passage by M’Clure, [140].
Nova Zembla, discovered by Burrough, [7] et seq.;
visited Barents, [12];
by Hudson, [18].
O
Ommaney, E., [132], [135].
Onkle Adam, the, [237].
Osborn Sherard, [20], [141], [152].
Oscar, King, [242].
Osmer, Mr, [118].
P
Parr, Lieut., [219].
Parry, W. E., voyage of, 1818, [35] et seq.;
1819, [38] et seq.;
1821-24, [64] et seq.;
1827, [79] et seq.
Pavy, Dr, [227];
death of, [231].
Payer, J., [207].
Peabody, G., [182].
Peary, Lieut., journeys of, [263] et seq., [295] et seq.
Peltier, [62].
Penny, William, [132] et seq.
Perrault, [57].
Pet, [11].
Peter the Great, [24].
Petermann, Dr, [200], [245].
Petersen, C., [134], [169], [189], [216];
death of, [219].
Phipps, J. C. (Lord Mulgrave), [27].
Phœnix, the, [147], [156], [157].
Pick, Capt. Richard, [264].
Pike, Capt., [232].
Pim, Bedford, [130], [145], [152].
Pioneer, the, [132], [152].
Plover, the, [129], [137].
Polaris, the, [194].
Pollux, the, [104].
Prince Albert, the, [132], [135].
Proteus, the, voyage of, 1881, [225];
wreck of, [230].
Proven, the, [241].
Pullen, W. J., [130] et seq.
Pytheus, [1].
Q
Quirini, Count Franco, [301];
death of, [303].
R
Racehorse, the, [27].
Rae, [122];
search for Franklin, [131], [159] et seq.;
second expedition, [160] et seq.;
obtains news of Franklin, [161].
Ragnald Jarl, the, [304].
Ravenscraig, the, [198].
Rawson, Lieut., sledging expedition, [219].
Reid, Lieut., [65].
Reliance, the, [74].
Rescue, the, [132].
Resolute, the, [132], [145] et seq., [152];
recovered by Buddington, [157].
Richards, Commander G. H., [152].
Richardson, Sir John, [45] et seq., [131] et seq.
Rink, H., [258].
Robeson, Mr, [194].
Roosevelt, the, [300].
Ross, George, [95].
Ross, Sir James Clark, [31], [87] et seq., [132], [175].
Ross, Sir John, [10], [31];
expeditions of 35 et seq., [87] et seq.
Rupert, Prince, [22].
Ryder, Lieut., [258].
Ryp, John Cornelius, [12].
S
Sabine, Edward, Capt., [38], [41], [258].
Sackheuse, John, [35].
St Peter and St Paul, the, [26].
Samandré, [62].
Sanderson, William, [8].
Sandwich, Earl of, [27].
Saunders, [132].
Schley, Capt. W. S., relieves Greely, [231].
Schwatka, Lieut. F., [181].
Scoresby, Capt. William, jun., [30], [258].
Scott-Hansen, Lieut., [280].
Searchthrift, the, [7].
Seeberg, F. G., [306];
death of, [307].
Sheddon, Robert, [129] et seq.
Siberian Ocean, Islands of, [248], [306].
Sibiriakoff, A., [242].
Simpson, Sir George, [111], [122], [159].
Simpson, Thomas, [103] et seq.
Smith, Leigh, relieves Nordenskiöld, [241];
voyages of, [252].
Smith Sound, discovered by Baffin, [21];
explored by Kane and Hayes, [182] et seq.;
by Hall, [192] et seq.; by Nares, [216] et seq.
Sontag, death of, [191].
Sophia, the, [132].
Spanberg, [25].
Spitzbergen, discovered by Barents, [12];
explored by Buchan and Franklin, [31] et seq.;
by Nordenskiöld, [235];
circumnavigated by Carlsen, [236];
explored by Leigh Smith, [252], et seq.;
by Conway, [287].
Steenstrup, K. J. v., [258].
Stella Polare, the, [301] et seq.
Steller, [26].
Stevenson, H. F., [216].
Strindberg, [9], [291].
Sunshine, the, [8], [10].
Sverdrup, Otto, [260], [280];
voyage of, [293].
T
Talbot, the, [157].
Tegetthoff, the, [207] et seq.
Terror, the, [100], [6].
Thetis, the, [231].
Thorne, Robert, [4], [27].
Thorold, [1].
Tigress, the, [198].
Toll, Baron, [306] et seq.
Torrell, Prof., [235].
Trent, the, [31].
Tschirikoff, [26].
Tyson, E., [195].
V
Vaillant, [58].
Vasilovich, Ivan, [6].
Vega, the, [149], [242-3];
the voyage of, [149] et seq.
Verhoeff, John, [264].
Victory, the, [86].
Virgo, the, [290].
Volossovich, [306].
W
Walker, Dr, [169].
Wallöe, Olsen, [258].
Walsingham, Cape, [9].
Wandell, [258].
Warwick, Earl, [7].
Waxell, Lieut., [26].
Wellman, H., [302];
voyages of, [304] et seq.
Wentzel, [49] et seq.
Weymouth, [17].
Weyprecht, Carl, [207];
lecture of, [223] et seq.
Wilde, Capt., [232].
Willem Barents, the, [256].
William, the, [11].
Williams, Governor, [46], [47].
Willoughby, Sir Hugh, [6] et seq.
Windward, the, voyage of, [271] et seq., [295].
Wolstenholm, Sir John, [18].
Wrangel Land, [245] et seq.
Y
Yantic, the, voyage of, [230].
Ymer, the, [241].
Young, Sir Allen, [169], [171], [180], [244].