INDEX.
A.
Abaga, khan of the Tartars, sends ambassadors to Rome, [iii. 26].
Abassides persecute the Christians, [ i. 8]. Decline of their empire, [ i. 13].
Aboubeker, his interview with Richard I. of England, [ i. 498].
Abou-bekr, founder of one of the Mohammedan sects, [iii. 413].
Accien, sovereign of Antioch, [ i. 129].
Achard de Montmerle, [ i. 83].
Adel, the son of Saladin, [ ii. 3] n.
Adhémar de Monteil, bishop of Puy, engages in the first crusade, [ i. 5], [ i. 87].
His enthusiastic bravery, [ i. 170], [ i. 173].
Adonis, the river, [ i. 306].
Adrianople, besieged by the Latins, [ ii. 166].
Battle of, [ ii. 167].
Siege raised, [ ii. 168].
Æneas Sylvius, bishop of Sienna, preaches a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 163] et seq.
Elected pope, under the title of Pius II., [iii. 170].
See [Pius II.]
Afdhal, son of Saladin, and commander of the Mussulman forces of Egypt, [ i. 238].
His extensive empire, [ ii. 3].
Civil contests of, [ ii. 4] et seq.
Oath taken by the emirs of, [ ii. 3] n.
Rebellion against, [ ii. 4].
Africa invaded by the Christian forces, [iii. 117] et seq.
Agriculture, products of, introduced into Europe during the middle ages, [iii. 329], [iii. 330].
Aibek, assassinated, [iii. 3].
His son raised to the throne of Egypt, [iii. 4];
and dethroned, [iii. 5].
Alaziz, sultan of Egypt, [ ii. 2], [ ii. 3] n.
Takes arms against his brother, [ ii. 4] et seq.
Albéric, son of Hugh de Grandménil, [ i. 83].
Alberon, archdeacon of Metz, slain, [ i. 131].
Albert, count of Blandras, [ i. 249].
Albigeois, religious principles of the, [ ii. 196], [ ii. 197].
Papal crusades and cruel wars against the, [ ii. 199], [ ii. 267], [ ii. 310].
Alemar of Selingar engages in the holy war, [ ii. 465].
Aleppo, states of, [ i. 127].
Alexander of Macedon, amount of his forces, and his victories, [ i. 255], [ i. 257].
Alexandretta taken possession of by the Crusaders, [ i. 119].
Alexandria captured and burnt by the Crusaders, [iii. 116].
Alexius Comnenus I., emperor of Constantinople, seeks the assistance of the Latins against the Turks, [ i. 44] and n., [ i. 45].
Alarmed at the vast number of Crusaders from the West, [ i. 88].(*)
(*) The name in this and a few of the following pages is printed “Alexis”.
His character, [ i. 89].
His treatment of the Crusaders, [ i. 90].
His alliance with Godfrey de Bouillon, [ i. 92].
His reception of the French chiefs, [ i. 93], [ i. 94].
His suspicious treatment of the Crusaders, [ i. 104].
He perfidiously takes possession of Nice, in opposition to the Latins, [ib.]
His insidious policy, [ i. 105], [ i. 168], [ i. 282].
He sends an embassy to the Crusaders at Archas, [ i. 194].
Opposes the second body of them, [ i. 250].
The limits of his empire extended by the victories of the Crusaders, and Constantinople rendered safe from the attacks of the Saracens, [ i. 260].
—— Angelus, emperor of Constantinople, dethrones his brother Isaac, [ ii. 62].
His character, [ ii. 75], [ ii. 158].
Expelled by the Crusaders, [ ii. 93].
His death, [ ii. 158].
——, nephew of Alexius Angelus, and son of Isaac, the dethroned emperor, [ ii. 62], [ ii. 69].
Aided by the Crusaders, [ ii. 75].
His military operations and conquests, [ ii. 79], [ ii. 80].
Enters Constantinople in triumph with the besieging Crusaders, [ ii. 95].
Crowned as joint emperor with his father, [ ii. 97].
His peculiar position, [ ii. 101], [ ii. 113].
His proposals to the Crusaders, [ ii. 102].
His contentions with the Bulgarians, [ ii. 105].
His character, [ ii. 107], [ ii. 118].
His dethronement and violent death, [ ii. 118].
Ali, founder of one of the Mohammedan sects, [iii. 413], [iii. 414].
Alides, party of the, [ i. 8].
Alise, of Antioch, [ i. 311].
Al-Mahadia, city of, captured and burnt, [ i. 40] and n.
Almamon, caliph of Bagdad, [ i. 9].
Almoadam elected to the throne of Egypt, [ ii. 417].
Enters into a treaty for the ransom of Louis IX., [ ii. 438].
Revolt of the Mamelukes against, [ ii. 439], [ ii. 440].
His assassination, [ ii. 441];
with whom terminated the Ayoubite dynasty, [ ii. 445].
Alp-Arsland, reign of, [ i. 32].
Alphonse, count, of Poictiers, engages in the holy war, [ ii. 393], [ ii. 395].
Arrives at Damietta, [ ii. 396].
Alphonso, prince of Burgundy, [ i. 375].
—— II., of the house of Arragon, [iii. 193], [iii. 194].
Altamont castle, the seat of the “Old Man of the Mountain”, [iii. 416], [iii. 417].
Amadeus, duke of Turin, [ i. 338].
Amalfi, city of, [ i. 85], [ i. 86].
Amaury, count of Jaffa, elected king of Jerusalem, [ i. 386].
His expedition to Egypt, [ i. 388].
He allies himself with the Egyptians to resist the Syrians, [ i. 390].
The Egyptians agree to pay him an annual tribute, [ i. 391].
Marries the daughter of the emperor Manuel, [ i. 392];
and makes war on Egypt, [ i. 394] et seq.
His projects against Egypt, [ i. 399].
Death of, [ib.]
—— II., king of Jerusalem, death of, [ ii. 190].
Amurath, the Turkish sultan, [iii. 123].
He enters into a treaty of peace with the Crusaders, [iii. 138];
and afterwards defeats them with great slaughter, [iii. 142].
Anaclet, the anti-pope, [ i. 76].
Ancona, the Crusaders under Pius II. collected at, [iii. 178].
Ancyra, city of, taken by assault, [ i. 251].
Battle of, between Tamerlane and Bajazet, [iii. 133].
André de Brienne, slain, [ i. 461].
Andrew, Brother, of Antioch, his strange address to Philip of France, [iii. 110].
—— II., king of Hungary, engages in the sixth crusade, [ ii. 217], [ ii. 224].
He arrives in Palestine, [ ii. 225].
Returns to Europe, [ ii. 230].
Andronicus, emperor of Constantinople, [iii. 122].
——, the “Nero of the Greeks,” dethroned, [ i. 446].
Angelli, Peter, author of a poem on the first crusade, [ i. 171] n.
Angelram, death of, [ i. 190].
Anjou, duke of, his heroism, [ ii. 413].
Anselm, archbishop of Milan, [ i. 249].
Anselme de Ribemont, death and character of, [ i. 190].
Antioch captured by Nicephorus, [ i. 13].
Renaud de Chatillon raised by marriage to the throne of, [ i. 103].
The Crusaders arrive at the city of, [ i. 127].
Its ancient celebrity, [ i. 128]. Described, [ib.]
Protracted siege of, [ i. 129] et seq.
Betrayed by Phirous, [ i. 147], et seq.;
and captured, [ i. 155-157].
Sufferings of the Crusaders at, [ i. 159], [ i. 160].
They march out of, and defeat the Saracens, [ i. 170-174].
Miraculous prodigies seen at, [ i. 173], [ i. 183].
Fatal epidemic at, [ i. 178], [ i. 179].
The Crusaders take their departure from, [ i. 187], [ i. 188].
Distresses of, [ i. 285].
Flourishing state of, [ i. 306].
Disputes respecting the sovereignty, [ i. 311].
Raymond of Poictiers appointed governor, [ i. 312].
Louis VII. arrives at, with a portion of the Crusaders, [ i. 360].
His splendid retinue, [ib.]
Bohemond III. governor of, [ ii. 8].
At war with Armenia, [ ii. 9].
Territory of, ravaged by the Turcomans, [ ii. 372].
Captured and destroyed by the sultan of Cairo, and all the inhabitants slaughtered or led into captivity, [iii. 17], [iii. 18].
Antiochetta, capital of Pisidia, the Crusaders arrive at, [ i. 114].
Antoninus, St., of Plaisance, voyage of, [ i. 7] n.
Apostoliques, their religious principles, [ ii. 197].
Arabians, their conquests, [ i. 10].
Their knowledge of medicine, [iii. 336].
Archambaud de Bourbon, [ i. 359].
Archas, city of, described, [ i. 187], [ i. 188] and n.
Siege of, [ i. 189].
Architecture, progress of, during the crusades, [iii. 330-332].
Arculphus, St., pilgrimage of, [ i. 7].
Argun, the Tartar chief, [iii. 94], [iii. 95].
Aristocracy, on the origin of, [iii. 280] et seq.
Aristotle, philosophy of, introduced into Europe, [iii. 338].
Armenians, slaughter of the, [ ii. 169].
Arms of the Crusaders, [ i. 99].
Arnold, a priest, elected pastor of the Church of Jerusalem, [ i. 236].
—— a Flemish preacher, his account of the siege of Lisbon noticed, [ i. 375] n.
—— de Rohés, chaplain to the duke of Normandy, [ i. 191].
His incredulity in prodigies, [ i. 192].
His address to the Crusaders, [ i. 214].
—— of Bressia, [ i. 332].
Arpin, count de Berri, dies in slavery, [ i. 254] and n.
Arsouf, city of, [ i. 244].
Besieged and captured by the Mamelukes, [iii. 11], [iii. 12].
Arsur, rebellion and siege of, [ i. 267], [ i. 268].
Captured by Baldwin, [ i. 277].
Battle of, fought between Richard I. and Saladin, [ i. 487].
Art, works of, destroyed at Constantinople by the Latins, [iii. 438-440] (App.).
Artesia captured by the Crusaders, [ i. 127].
Artois, count de, [ ii. 396].
His rash bravery, [ ii. 403].
Is slain, [ ii. 408].
His letter on the taking of Damietta, [iii. 456] (App.).
Arts, emulation in Europe for their cultivation, [iii. 229].
Progress of during the period of the crusades, [iii. 251], [iii. 328] et seq.
Ascalon, great battle on the plain of, between the Egyptians and the Crusaders, [ i. 240-242].
Siege of, [ i. 244].
The Saracens defeated on the plains of, [ i. 297], [ i. 298], [ i. 402].
Destroyed by fire, [ i. 490].
Rebuilt by the Crusaders, [ib.]
Surrendered to Saladin, [ i. 426].
Siege and capture of by Baldwin III., [ i. 384].
Aschmoum, canal of, military operations on the banks of, [ ii. 399] et seq.
Asia subdued by the Turks, [ i. 32].
“Assassins” of Syria, origin and history of the, [iii. 413], [iii. 420] et seq.
See [Ishmaëlites].
“Assizes of Jerusalem,” collected by John d’Ibelin, [ i. 271] n.
Laws and spirit of the, [ i. 272], [ i. 273], [ i. 488].
Atabecks, dynasty of the, [ i. 306].
Decline of the empire of the, [ i. 399].
Atheling, Edgar, commander of the English, [ i. 205].
Attalia, the Crusaders arrive at, [ i. 357];
and suffer great hardships, [ i. 358].
Aubusson, grand master of the knights of St. John, [iii. 188].
Augsburg, diet at, [iii. 200].
Augustines, their quarrels with the Dominicans, [iii. 210].
Avignon, assembly of Christian sovereigns at, to promote a fresh crusade, [iii. 113], [iii. 114].
Ayoub, the father of Saladin, [ i. 369].
Ayoubites, princely race of the, [ ii. 3], and n.
Their empire, [ib.]
Decline of their empire, [ ii. 237].
Discord among the family, [ ii. 376].
Extinction of the dynasty, [ ii. 445].
Aymeristes, religious principles of the, [ ii. 197].
B.
Bacon, Chancellor, his dialogue “de Bello Sacro,” [iii. 246].
Bagdad, the seat of the arts and sciences, [ i. 9].
Degeneracy of the caliphs of, [ i. 12], [ i. 13].
The caliphs of, the chiefs of Islamism, [ i. 383].
Captured by the Mogul Tartars, [iii. 4].
Baghisian, the sovereign of Antioch, [ i. 129].
Bajazet I., the Turkish sultan, [iii. 125].
Defeats the Christian forces, [iii. 127], [iii. 128].
His speech to the duke de Nevers, [iii. 129].
Raises the siege of Constantinople, and being defeated at Ancyra by Tamerlane, is taken prisoner, [iii. 133].
—— II. succeeds Mahomet II., [iii. 191].
Declares war against Venice, [iii. 197].
Dethroned, and succeeded by Selim, [iii. 201].
Balac, the emir, slain, [ i. 302].
Baldoukh, the emir, defeated, [ i. 123].
Baldwin, brother of Godfrey de Bouillon, engages in the first crusade, [ i. 78].
His dissensions with the leaders, [ i. 116], [ i. 117].
Massacres the Turks, [ i. 118].
Joined by corsairs, [ib.]
His hostile encounter with Tancred, [ i. 119].
His successes, [ i. 121], [ i. 122].
Founds the principality of Edessa, [ i. 124].
Sends magnificent presents to the leaders of the Crusaders, [ i. 146].
Visits Jerusalem, [ i. 269].
Elected king of Jerusalem on the death of Godfrey, [ i. 275].
Defeats the Saracens, [ i. 275], [ i. 276].
His quarrel with Tancred, [ i. 276], [ i. 277].
Carries on vigorous hostilities against the infidels of Palestine, Egypt, &c., [ i. 277] et seq.
Anecdote of his humanity, [ i. 279].
His singular preservation, [ i. 280].
Lamentations for his supposed death, [ib.]
His quarrels with the patriarch of Jerusalem, [ i. 285], [ i. 286].
Captures Ptolemaïs, [ i. 286].
His hostilities against Egypt, [ i. 293].
His death and character, [ i. 294].
His funeral, [ i. 295].
—— de Bourg, cousin of Godfrey de Bouillon, engages in the first crusade, [ i. 78].
Defeated and taken prisoner, [ i. 283].
His release, and great poverty, [ i. 285].
Elected king of Jerusalem, [ i. 296].
Made prisoner by the Turks, [ib.]
Released, [ i. 302].
His death and character, [ i. 310], [ i. 311].
—— III., king of Jerusalem, [ i. 316].
Form of his coronation, [ i. 317] and n.
Urges on the war against the Saracens, [ i. 363].
His military character, [ i. 384].
Death of, by poison, [ib.]
—— IV., king of Jerusalem, [ i. 401].
His wars with Saladin, [ i. 402] et seq.
Death of, [ i. 412].
—— V., crowned king of Jerusalem, [ i. 407].
Death of, [ i. 412].
——, count of Flanders, engages in the fifth crusade, [ ii. 47].
Elected emperor of Constantinople, [ ii. 148].
Quarrels with Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, [ ii. 150-161].
His letter to the pope, [ ii. 152].
Defeated, and taken prisoner by the Bulgarians, [ ii. 168].
Romantic incidents of his life, [ ii. 171] and n.
His mysterious death, [ ii. 172].
——, son-in-law of John of Brienne, successor to the throne of Constantinople, [ ii. 289].
His expulsion and great poverty, [ib.]
—— II., emperor of Constantinople, his distressing situation, [iii. 9].
Driven from his throne by Michael Palæologus, [iii. 10].
——, count de Hainault, engages in the first crusade, [ i. 78].
Perishes in Asia Minor, [ i. 177].
——, Archbishop, preaches the crusade in England, [ i. 441] and n.
His journey into Wales, [iii. 408] (App.).
Baleau d’Ibelin defends Jerusalem against Saladin, [ i. 427].
Bar, count de, refuses the command of the Crusaders, [ ii. 54].
Barbarossa, Frederick, engages in the holy war, [ i. 444] et seq.
His victorious career, [ i. 448].
His death, [ i. 449].
Barbary invaded by the Christian forces, [iii. 117] et seq.
The states of, taken under the protection of the Ottoman Porte, [iii. 220].
Barland, Adrian, his notices of Peter the Hermit, [ i. 41] n.
Barons of England, contests of the, with their sovereigns, [iii. 257].
Barthélemi, Peter, a priest, pretended revelation of, [ i. 165].
Fanaticism of, [ i. 191], [ i. 192].
Submits to the ordeal of fire, and loses his life, [ i. 193].
——, Sieur, anecdote of, [iii. 68].
Becomes a Mohammedan renegade, [iii. 69], [iii. 84].
Bathenians, a title given to the Ishmaëlites, [iii. 419].
Battle, wager of, during the middle ages, [iii. 312].
Bavaria, diet convoked in, [ i. 338].
Baysy, the birth-place of Godfrey de Bouillon, [ i. 76] n.
Beard, pledging and redeeming of the, [ i. 285] and n.
“Bearers of the cross,” title assumed by the first Crusaders, [ i. 52] and n.
Bedouin Arabs, their bravery, [ ii. 391].
Bela IV., king of Hungary, his fear of the Tartars, [iii. 6] n.
Belgrade besieged by the Turks, [iii. 166].
The Turks defeated, [iii. 167].
Taken by the Turks, [iii. 213].
“Belial, children of”. i. 65.
Belinas, in Syria, pillaged by the Crusaders, [ ii. 475].
Bellerophon, statue of, at Constantinople, [ ii. 138] and n.
Berengaria of Navarre, [ i. 475].
Married to Richard I. of England, [ i. 476].
Berenger II., count of Barcelona, penitential pilgrimage of, [ i. 27].
Bernard, count of Carinthia, [ i. 338].
Bernard. See [St. Bernard].
Bernicles, punishment of the, [ ii. 434].
Bertrand, son of Raymond de St. Gilles, [ i. 287].
Berytus, plain of, [ i. 198].
Wealth and importance of the city of, [ ii. 18].
Besieged by the Crusaders, [ib.]
Captured and destroyed by the Saracens, [iii. 89].
Bethlehem, [ i. 21].
The Crusaders take possession of, [ i. 201].
Bethonopolis, city of, [ i. 492].
Bibars Bendocdar, the Mameluke chief, [ ii. 404] and n.
Slays Almoadam, the sultan, [ ii. 440].
Assassinates Koutouz, [iii. 7].
Is proclaimed sultan of Egypt, [iii. 8].
Declares war against the Christians of Palestine, [ib.]
His continued victories over them, [iii. 11] et seq., [iii. 63].
His death and character, [iii. 64], [iii. 65].
Biblies taken by the Crusaders, [ i. 288].
Bilbeis, city of, [ i. 388].
Besieged and captured by the king of Jerusalem, [ i. 394].
Bissarion, Cardinal, speech of, [iii. 172].
Bithynia, hostilities in, between the Crusaders and the Turks, [ i. 99] et seq.
Blanche, queen-regent of France, [ ii. 350].
Accompanies her son, Louis IX., on the outset of his crusade, [ ii. 368].
Death of, and grief of Louis IX., [ ii. 475].
Blois, count of, obtains possession of Bithynia, [ ii. 162].
Is slain, [ ii. 167].
Anecdote of his devoted heroism, [iii. 298].
Blondel, the minstrel, emancipates Richard I. from imprisonment, [iii. 406] (App.).
Bohemond, prince of Tarentum, one of the leaders of the Crusaders, [ i. 84].
His character, [ i. 85], [ i. 86].
Embarks for Greece, [ i. 86].
Reception of, by Alexius of Constantinople, [ i. 93].
Defeats the Turks in Phrygia, [ i. 108-111].
His barbarous treatment of the Turkish spies, [ i. 137].
His ambitious views, [ i. 147].
His defence of Antioch, [ i. 163].
Made prince of the city and territory, [ i. 186].
Visits Jerusalem, [ i. 269].
Surprised and captured in an expedition against the infidels, [ i. 275].
Regains his liberty, and at Antioch resists the aggressions of Alexius, [ i. 282].
Defeated at Charan, and escapes to Italy, [ i. 282], [ i. 283].
Arouses Europe against the infidels, [ i. 283], [ i. 284].
Embarks with a large army against the Emperor Alexius, [ i. 284].
Returns to Tarentum, where he dies, [ib.]
Letter from him and others detailing their victory over the infidels, [iii. 360] (App.).
Bohemond, prince of Antioch and Tripoli, a descendant of the prince of Tarentum, treacherously taken prisoner by the Armenians, [ ii. 8].
His death, [ ii. 190].
——, count of Tripoli, enters into a treaty with Bibars, [iii. 17].
Bibars’s insulting letter to, on the capture of Antioch, [ib.]
His city of Tripoli captured, [iii. 69].
Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, elected commander of the fifth crusade, [ ii. 55].
Captures Constantinople, [ ii. 131].
Elected sovereign of Thessalonica, [ ii. 150].
Shares the spoils of the Greek empire, [ ii. 152].
Quarrels with Baldwin, [ ii. 159-161].
Invades Greece, [ ii. 162], [ ii. 163].
Is slain, [ ii. 173].
Bosnia conquered by Mahomet II., [iii. 174].
Bosra, city of, [ i. 317].
Expedition against, [ i. 318].
Disastrous retreat from, [ i. 319].
Bourbons, Archambault de, death of, [ ii. 371].
Bordeaux, itinerary from, to Jerusalem, [iii. 351] et seq.
Notices of, [ib.] and n.
Bouvines, battle of, [ ii. 210].
Brienne, John of, city of Damietta assigned to, [ ii. 251].
His speech against the invasion of Egypt, [ ii. 254].
Revisits Europe, [ ii. 264].
Called to the throne of Constantinople, [ ii. 288].
Death of, [ ii. 289].
Brittany, duke of, his bravery, [ ii. 408].
“Brothers of Mercy,” origin of the, [iii. 303].
Bulgarians, notices of the, [ i. 62].
Oppose the progress of the Crusaders, [ i. 63] et seq.
Their victories over the Latins, [ ii. 166-171].
Burbotte, a fish of the Nile, [ ii. 418] n.
Burgundy, duke of, his death, [ i. 501].
Byzantium. See [Constantinople].
C.
Cæsarea besieged and captured by Baldwin, king of Jerusalem, [ i. 277], [ i. 278] and n.
Capitulation of, [ i. 316].
Captured by the Egyptians, [iii. 11].
Cairo, caliph of, treats the Christians as allies, [ i. 16].
Maintains relations with the Crusaders, [ i. 194].
His object, ib.
His propositions rejected, [ i. 195], [ i. 196].
Sultan of, carries on war against the sultan of Damascus, [ ii. 468], [ ii. 473].
Treaty of peace between, [ ii. 474].
See [Egypt].
Caliphs, degeneracy of the, [ i. 12], [ i. 13].
Calixtus III., endeavours to stir up a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 165], [iii. 169].
Camlets, manufacture of, during the middle ages, [iii. 328].
Candia capitulates to the Turks, [iii. 235].
Cannon of enormous size used against Constantinople, [iii. 148].
Cantacuzenes, emperor of Constantinople, [iii. 123].
Capistran, John, preaches a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 163].
Death of, [iii. 167].
Carac, heroic defence of, [ i. 453].
Caraffa, Cardinal, commands a crusading fleet, [iii. 183].
Cardinals first clothed in scarlet at the council of Lyons, [ ii. 343].
Carismia captured by Gengiskhan, [ ii. 320].
The warriors of, commit extensive ravages in Syria, [ ii. 325].
Defeat the Christian and Mussulman united forces, [ ii. 326].
Join the sultan of Egypt, and capture Jerusalem, [ib.]
Capture Damascus, [ ii. 332];
but rebelling against the sultan of Cairo, are defeated and dispersed, [ib.]
Carlowitz, treaty of, [iii. 236].
Cassia brought from Asia, [iii. 336].
Cassin, Mount, [ i. 21].
Cassius, his dispute with Dolabella, [ i. 117] n.
Cazan, the Mogul prince, conquests of, [iii. 95].
Sends ambassadors to the pope, [ib.]
Death of, [iii. 97].
Celestine III., Pope, instigates Christendom to undertake the fourth crusade, [ ii. 11].
—— IV., Pope, short reign of, [ ii. 296].
Cemetery for the pilgrims at Jerusalem, [ i. 10], [ i. 11].
Cenis, Mount, hospital of, [ i. 22].
Centius, prefect of Rome, pilgrimage of, [ i. 25].
Chages, a Mussulman sect, their fanatical devotion, [iii. 79].
Chalcis captured by the Crusaders, [ i. 127].
Chalil elected sultan of Cairo, [iii. 76].
Besieges Ptolemaïs, [iii. 77].
Captures it, [iii. 85];
and takes several other Christian cities, [iii. 89].
Charan, Christians defeated at, [ i. 283].
Charlemagne, magnificent court of, [ i. 8].
His amicable relations with Aroun al Raschid, [ i. 9].
Promulgates religion by the sword, [iii. 15] n.
Attempts to destroy the feudal system, [iii. 275].
Portraiture of, [iii. 358] (App.).
Charles IV., emperor of Germany, projects a fresh crusade, [iii. 115].
—— V., his violence to the pope, [iii. 216].
Policy of, [iii. 219].
—— VIII., of Naples, engages in a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 193].
Receives the crown of Naples, [iii. 195].
His army disbanded, [iii. 196].
——, count of Anjou, crowned by the pope as king of Sicily, [iii. 21].
Defeats his rival Conraddin, [iii. 31].
Lands at Tunis, [iii. 46];
and takes the command of the Crusaders, [iii. 48-52].
Charles-le-Bel, of France, [iii. 102].
His death, [iii. 103] and n.
Charters, use of, adopted, [iii. 320].
Charts, geographical, imperfect state of, during the middle ages, [iii. 335].
Châtelain de Coucy, chivalry of, [ i. 500] and n.
Chaver, vizier of Egypt, [ i. 387].
Resists the military preparations against Egypt, [ i. 390] et seq.
Chegger-Eddour, beauty and genius of, [ ii. 397].
Incites the Mamelukes to revolt, [ ii. 439].
Elected sultana of Egypt, [ ii. 445].
Marries Ezz-Eddin, and yields her regal authority, [ ii. 459].
Assassinates her husband, [iii. 3].
Is sacrificed by her slaves, [iii. 4].
Children, Jourdain’s letter on the crusade of, in 1212, [iii. 441] (App.).
China conquered by Gengiskhan, [ ii. 319].
Chio captured by the Turks, [iii. 232].
Chirkou, the emir, [ i. 387].
Invades Egypt, [ i. 389] et seq.
Death of, [ i. 397].
Chirkoùh, family of, [ ii. 3].
Chivalry, spirit of, in favour of the crusades, [ i. 55].
Origin and history of, [iii. 294] et seq.
“Christ lives!” &c., the war-cry of the Christian soldiers, [ i. 281] and n.
Christendom, distracted state of, [iii. 201], [iii. 202], [iii. 217].
Fears of, allayed by the victory of Lepanto over the Turks, [iii. 226].
Improving position of, [iii. 230], [iii. 245].
Christian army at Jerusalem, pious fervour of the, [ i. 226], [ i. 227].
Enthusiasm and valour of, [ ii. 36], [ ii. 37].
—— religion, its tendency to soften the manners of the Eastern conquerors, [ i. 38].
Influence of, on the Crusaders, [ i. 56].
Christianity, power of the popes augmented by the progress of, [ i. 39].
On the sanguinary wars in support of, [ ii. 310]; [iii. 15] n.
Overthrown at Constantinople by the Turks, [iii. 158].
Extended to China, [iii. 304].
Its superiority over Mohammedanism, [iii. 346], [iii. 347].
Christians of the East respected by the northern barbarians, [ i. 3].
Persecuted by the Mussulmans, [ i. 7], [ i. 8], [ i. 16], [ i. 17], [ i. 19], [ i. 32], [ i. 33].
Defeat the Mussulmans, [ i. 15].
Favoured by the caliphs of Cairo, [ i. 16].
Driven from Jerusalem, [ i. 19].
Their rejoicings at the conquest of Jerusalem by the Crusaders, [ i. 236].
Quit Jerusalem on its capture by Saladin, [ i. 431].
Their great sufferings, [ i. 433], [ ii. 7].
War declared against, by the sultan of Egypt, and Palestine ravaged, [ ii. 11].
—— of the West, their early attention directed to the East, [ i. 3].
Excited to resistance by Archbishop Gerbert, [ i. 17].
Their various pilgrimages, [ i. 20] et seq.
Welcomed everywhere, [ i. 22].
See [Crusades] and [Crusaders].
Chronicle of Tours, extract from, [iii. 359].
Chronicles, ancient, what is fabulous and what not, [ i. xxiii].
Of the middle ages, [iii. 339-342].
“Chronicon Anglicanum,” by Ralph of Coggershall, [iii. 395].
Churches, building of, during the period of the crusades, [iii. 331].
Chütes, sect of the, [iii. 413].
Cities abandoned by the infidels, [ i. 201].
Enfranchisement of, in Europe during the crusades, [iii. 284-287].
Civilization weakens the spirit of fanaticism, [ i. xxi].
Increasing spread of, in Europe, [iii. 229].
Progress of, during and after the crusades, [iii. 251] et seq.
Clement IV. supports the second crusade undertaken by Louis IX., [iii. 26], [iii. 27].
Death of, [iii. 36].
—— V., Pope, proclaims a crusade at the council of Vienna, [iii. 97].
—— VII., his abortive attempts to arouse Christendom against the Turks, [iii. 215], [iii. 218].
Imprisoned by Charles V., [iii. 216].
Clergy assume arms in the crusades, [ i. 55].
Oppose the levying of contributions to the second crusade of Louis IX., [iii. 27].
Ascendancy and wealth of, during the age of the crusades, [iii. 301], [iii. 302] et seq.
Their influence in the administration of justice during the middle ages, [iii. 315], [iii. 316] and n.
Clermont, council at, held by Urban II., [ i. 44] et seq.
Cœur, Jacques, biographical notices of, [iii. 184] and n.
Colonna, Mark Antony, his triumphal entry into Rome after the battle of Lepanto, [iii. 227].
Comans defeat the Latins, [ ii. 166].
The barbarous hordes of, [ ii. 333].
Comet, alarm caused by the sight of one, [iii. 166].
Commerce of the East, [ i. 11].
State of, and progress during the period of the crusades, [iii. 326] et seq.
Comnena, Anna, the historian, and daughter of Alexius Comnenus of Constantinople, [ i. 41] n., [ i. 73], [ i. 75], [ i. 85], [ i. 88], [ i. 89], [ i. 147] et passim.
Comnenus, John, emperor of Constantinople, attacks Antioch, [ i. 312].
——, Manuel, his hypocritical policy, [ i. 347] et seq.
——, Michael-Angelus, gains the kingdom of Epirus, [ ii. 156].
Conon de Bethune, his speech in reply to the Emperor Alexius, [ ii. 84].
Conrad III., emperor of Germany, [ i. 337].
Determines on the second crusade, [ i. 338].
Leaves Germany at the head of the Crusaders, [ i. 346].
Arrives at Constantinople, [ i. 348].
Defeated by the Turks, [ i. 351], [ i. 352].
Returns to Constantinople, [ i. 353].
Arrives at Jerusalem, [ i. 363].
His heroism before Damascus, [ i. 366].
——, son of the marquis of Montferrat, and marquis of Tyre, engages in the holy war, [ i. 451].
Defends Tyre, and repulses Saladin, [ i. 452].
Fits out a fleet for the Holy Land, [ i. 457].
His pretensions to the throne of Jerusalem, [ i. 470].
Ill-treated by Richard I. of England, [ i. 491].
Insidiously enters into an alliance with Saladin, [ i. 493].
Assassination of, [ i. 494].
——, Bishop, leader of the German crusades, [ ii. 21], [ ii. 22].
Assassinated, [ ii. 34].
Conraddin disputes the crown of Sicily, [iii. 22].
Is defeated and executed, [iii. 31].
——, sultan of Damascus, death of, [ ii. 275].
Constantine the Great, the promoter of Christian zeal, [ i. 1].
——, the Armenian prince, [ i. 122].
[Constantinople] besieged by the Saracens, [ i. 5], [ i. 9].
Popular traditions of its future liberation by the Latins, [ i. 9].
Eleven of its emperors put to death, [ i. 35].
The emperor, Alexius Comnenus, seeks the assistance of the Latins, [ i. 44] and n.
The Crusaders arrive at, [ i. 67].
Excesses committed, [ i. 73].
Reception of the French leaders, [ i. 92-95].
Seductions of, [ i. 95], [ i. 96].
State of, at the time of the second crusade, [ i. 347].
Isaac Angelus the emperor of, [ i. 445].
Contentions between the Greeks and the Latins, [ i. 446], [ ii. 114-125].
The emperor dethroned, [ ii. 62].
Description of, [ ii. 81].
Besieged by the Crusaders, [ ii. 82].
Captured, [ ii. 93].
Conflagration in, [ ii. 105], 106.
Mourzouffle dethroned, [ ii. 129].
Lascaris chosen emperor, [ ii. 130].
Captured and plundered by the Latins, [ ii. 131-133].
Destruction of its works of art, [ ii. 137-140].
Relics sought for, [ ii. 141-143].
Amount of plunder obtained, [ ii. 144], [ ii. 145].
Baldwin, count of Flanders, elected emperor, [ ii. 148].
Decline of the Latin empire in, [ ii. 288].
John of Brienne called to the throne of, ib.
Wrested from the Latins by the Greek troops of Michael Palæologus, [iii. 10].
Insurrectionary spirit in, [iii. 111], [iii. 113], [iii. 116], [iii. 117].
Tottering state of, when menaced by the Turks, [iii. 123] et seq.
Besieged by Mahomet II., [iii. 145], [iii. 148] et seq.
Sanguinary conflicts, [iii. 154], [iii. 155].
Capture of, [iii. 156].
Destruction of the empire of, [iii. 158].
The stores of ancient learning and philosophy brought from, [iii. 338].
Constantinople, treaty between the Crusaders for dividing the city and empire of, [iii. 431] (App.).
Statues of, destroyed by the Crusaders, as related by Nicetas Choniates, [iii. 435] (App.).
Corfu surrenders to the Crusaders, [ ii. 77].
Fertility of, [ ii. 78].
Corsairs, a band of, join the Crusaders, [ i. 118].
—— Flemish, released from imprisonment, [ i. 188].
Cosroës, king of Persia, [ i. 3].
Coucy, Sieur de, death of, [iii. 129].
Courçon, Cardinal de, preaches the sixth crusade, [ ii. 206], [ ii. 207].
Accusations against, [ ii. 208].
Death of, [ ii. 240].
Courtenay, Peter of, assassinated, [ ii. 288].
——, Robert of, his losses and death, [ ii. 288].
——, family of. See [Josselin].
Courts of Justice established in Europe during the middle ages, [iii. 317] et seq.
Coxon and Marash, or “mountain of the devil,” [ i. 126].
Creton, Reimbault, origin of the noble family of, [ i. 222] n.
Cross, the badge of the Crusaders, [ i. 52].
—— of Christ found at Jerusalem, [ i. 230].
Crusades, and Crusaders. Introduction to the history of the, [ i. xix].
No spectacle more imposing in the history of the middle age, [ib.]
Disasters of the, [ i. xx], [ i. xxi].
“A right regal history”, [ i. xxii].
On the justice of the, [ i. xxiii].
Causes of, [ib.]
Their effects, [ i. xxiv].
Their early history, from A.D. 300 to 1095, [ i. 1] et seq.
—— The First Crusade, a.d. 1095.—The numerous pilgrimages of the eleventh century the forerunner of the, [ i. 24-30].
Instigated by Peter the Hermit, [ i. 42] et seq.
Determined on, and the name first assumed, at the council of Clermont, [ i. 52].
Enthusiasm inspired thereby, [ i. 53] et seq.
Miracles and supernatural wonders alleged to be manifested, [ i. 57], [ i. 81].
Large armies collected, [ i. 61].
Their departure, [ib.]
Opposed by the Hungarians and Bulgarians, [ i. 63] et seq., [ i. 71], [ i. 72].
Progress of, [ i. 65].
The Crusaders assail Nissa, [ib.]
Their disastrous defeat, [ i. 66].
Enter Thrace, and reach Constantinople, [ i. 67].
Elect Gotschalk, a priest, as their general, [ i. 68].
Their progress, [ i. 69] et seq.
Rapacity and cruelties perpetrated by the, [ i. 70] et seq.
Signal defeats and general slaughter of, [ i. 72] et seq.
Fresh armies sent from various parts of Europe, and the names of their most distinguished leaders, [ i. 76-88].
Wage war against the Greeks, [ i. 90], [ i. 91].
Wretched situation of the remains of Peter’s army in Bithynia, [ i. 96].
Opposed by the Seljoucide Turks in Bithynia, [ i. 97].
Their various contests, [ i. 99] et seq.
Their arms and accoutrements, [ i. 99].
They besiege and capture Nice, [ i. 100-105].
They enter Phrygia, [ i. 106];
and defeat the Turks, [ i. 107-111].
Their sufferings in “burning Phrygia”, [ i. 113], [ i. 114].
They arrive at Antiochetta, [ i. 114].
Dissensions among the leaders, [ i. 116-118], [ i. 191].
They reach Mesopotamia, [ i. 121];
and are everywhere triumphant, [ i. 126].
Their sufferings in Mount Taurus, [ib.]
They enter Syria, and capture Antioch, [ i. 127].
Their sufferings, [ i. 133] et seq., [ i. 159-161].
Their vices and debaucheries, [ i. 136].
Their valorous deeds, [ i. 140-142].
The sultan of Persia sends an immense army against them, [ i. 158].
They are besieged, and exposed to famine and desertion, [ i. 159-164].
They march out of Antioch, and defeat the invading Saracens with great slaughter, [ i. 170-174].
Disputes among the leaders, [ i. 179] et seq.
Their conquests in Syria, [ i. 183-186].
Their departure for the Holy Land, [ i. 187], [ i. 188].
They besiege Archas, Tortosa &c., [ i. 189] et seq.
Their reliance on prodigies and visions, [ i. 191], [ i. 192].
Their march through Palestine, [ i. 196] et seq.
The immense losses sustained, [ i. 197].
Their enthusiasm on the first view of Jerusalem, [ i. 202].
Besiege the city, [ i. 205] et seq.;
and take it by storm, [ i. 221-225].
Godfrey de Bouillon elected king, [ i. 234].
Great victory over the Egyptian forces on the plain of Ascalon, [ i. 240-242].
Many of the leaders return to Europe, [ i. 246], [ i. 247].
Fresh bodies of Crusaders leave Europe for the East, [ i. 249], [ i. 250].
Their leaders, [ i. 249], [ i. 251].
Take the city of Ancyra, ib.
Defeated with great slaughter by the Turks, [ i. 252], [ i. 253].
Reflections on their heroism and exploits, [ i. 257] et seq.
Kingdom founded by their victories, [ i. 265] et seq.
Death of their great leader, Godfrey de Bouillon, king of Jerusalem, [ i. 274].
His brother Baldwin elected as his successor, on whose family the sovereignty devolves, [ i. 275] et seq.
Hostilities carried on against the infidels of Palestine and Egypt, with alternate success and defeat, [ i. 277] et seq.
Their conquests and high state of prosperity under Baldwin du Bourg, [ i. 306].
Their military orders of knighthood, [ i. 307-309].
Their calamitous defeat at Edessa by the armies of Zengui and Noureddin, [ i. 321-327].
Their consternation and despair, [ i. 328].
—— The Second Crusade, a.d. 1142-1148.—The Christian colonies of the East being threatened by the Mussulmans, call upon the princes of Europe to assist them, [ i. 329].
All Christendom aroused by St. Bernard to the impending dangers of the Holy Land, [ i. 139] et seq.
Louis VII., king of France, and Pope Eugenius III., determine on a second crusade, [ i. 331].
The multitudes assembled for the occasion, [ i. 342], [ i. 343].
The cities of Metz and Ratisbon the general rendezvous, [ i. 344].
Measures for raising money to defray the expenses, [ i. 345].
The crusaders depart from Europe, headed by Louis VII. and the Emperor Conrad, [ i. 346].
Arrive at Constantinople, [ i. 348], [ i. 349].
Treacherous policy of the Greeks, [ i. 348] et seq.
The German Crusaders defeated near Nice, [ i. 351], [ i. 382].
The French Crusaders march through Phrygia, and are defeated by the Turks, [ i. 355], [ i. 356].
Their distress and sufferings, [ i. 357], [ i. 359] et seq.
Besiege Damascus, and are defeated, [ i. 365] et seq.
Insufficient means of defence, [ i. 372].
General characteristics of, [ i. 373].
Other Crusaders pursue their operations in Spain and Portugal, [ i. 374], [ i. 375].
Reproaches against St. Bernard for the misfortunes of the Crusaders of the East, [ i. 376], [ i. 377].
—— The Third Crusade, a.d. 1148-1188.—Causes of, [ i. 382] et seq.
The Christian army marches against Egypt, and commences vigorous hostilities, [ i. 389] et seq.
The Sicilian Crusaders lay siege to Alexandria, [ i. 400].
The calamitous war of the Crusaders with Saladin, [ i. 402], [ i. 417] et seq.
Discord amongst them, [ i. 409] et seq.
They send deputies to the kings of France and England to solicit aid, [ i. 411].
They are defeated by Saladin with immense slaughter, and the king of Jerusalem made prisoner, [ i. 418-423].
The holy city delivered up to Saladin, after being eighty years in possession of the Christians, [ i. 429].
William, archbishop of Tyre, incites the courts of France and England to renew the holy war, [ i. 436] et seq.
Richard I. of England, Philip of France, Frederick Barbarossa, and other illustrious potentates and knights, engage in the holy war, [ i. 441] et seq.
The victorious career and death of Barbarossa, [ i. 448], [ i. 449].
The Crusaders invade Ptolemaïs under Guy de Lusignan, and are opposed by Saladin in numerous conflicts, [ i. 454] et seq.
Arrival of Richard I. of England, Philip of France, and other illustrious personages, [ i. 476].
Discord in the camp, and quarrels between the two potentates, [ i. 476], [ i. 477].
Anecdotes of heroic bravery before the walls of Ptolemaïs, [ i. 478-480].
Ptolemaïs taken by the Christians, and numbers slain, [ i. 481].
Manners and characteristics of, [ i. 483], [ i. 484].
Richard I. defeats Saladin at the battle of Arsur, [ i. 487], [ i. 488];
and takes possession of Jaffa, [ i. 489].
The Crusaders march upon Jerusalem, [ i. 492].
Civil dissensions among, [ i. 493], [ i. 498].
They ratify a treaty of peace with Saladin, [ i. 500], [ i. 501].
Immense losses sustained, [ i. 501].
General reflections, [ i. 502].
Advantages to Europe and civilization, [ i. 506] et seq.
—— The Fourth Crusade, a.d. 1195-1198.—Retrospective view, [ ii. 1] et seq.
Civil commotions of Palestine among the successors of Saladin at the time of, [ ii. 4-7].
Instigated by the exhortations of Pope Celestine III. and Henry IV. of Germany, [ ii. 11] et seq.
The illustrious men who engage in it, [ ii. 14], [ ii. 15].
The archbishop of Mayence and Valeran de Valeran take the command, and arrive in Palestine, [ ii. 15].
Engage in hostilities with the Mussulmans, [ ii. 16] et seq.
Signal defeat of the Saracens before Berytus, and its important consequences, [ ii. 19].
Progress of the German Crusaders under Henry IV., [ ii. 20], [ ii. 21].
Dissensions among the leaders, [ ii. 28-30].
Their departure from Palestine, [ ii. 31].
A truce concluded between the duke de Montfort and the Saracens, [ ii. 32].
Causes of the failure of this crusade, and its mischievous consequences, [ ii. 33-35].
—— The Fifth Crusade, a.d. 1198-1204.—General remarks, [ ii. 36].
Causes which led to it, [ ii. 38], [ ii. 39].
Instigated by Pope Innocent III., [ib.]
Preaching of Foulkes in its favour, [ ii. 42], [ ii. 43].
The illustrious leaders engaged in it, [ ii. 45-47], [ ii. 58].
Aided by Venice, [ ii. 50], [ ii. 53] n.
Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, elected the commander, [ ii. 55].
Quarrels between the Venetians and the French, [ ii. 64] et seq.
Besiege and capture Constantinople, [ ii. 82-93].
Defeated by the Saracens, [ ii. 112].
Contests between the Greeks and the Crusaders at Constantinople, [ ii. 114] et seq.
The Crusaders capture and plunder the city, [ ii. 131] et seq.
Their veneration for relics and images, [ ii. 141].
Baldwin, count of Flanders, elected emperor of Constantinople, [ ii. 148].
The conquered lands of the Greek empire distributed among the leaders, [ ii. 149], [ ii. 150].
The Greeks, Bulgarians, &c. take arms against and almost annihilate them, [ ii. 165-173].
Reflections on the consequences of the fifth crusade, [ ii. 179] et seq.
—— The Sixth Crusade, a.d. 1200-1215.—Innocent III. stimulates the Western world to the deliverance of the Holy Land, [ ii. 191] et seq.
Hostilities with the Saracens renewed, [ ii. 195].
50,000 children engage in the crusade, and perish, [ ii. 202].
The pope assembles the council of Lateran, and issues decrees for supporting the holy war, [ ii. 210], [ ii. 211].
His death, [ ii. 214].
His successor, Honorius III., urges the crusade, [ ii. 216].
Indifference of the kings of France and England, [ib.]
Enthusiasm of the German states in its favour, [ ii. 217].
Andrew II., king of Hungary, engages in the holy war, [ ii. 217], [ ii. 224].
The Crusaders arrive in Palestine, [ ii. 225], [ ii. 231].
March into Egypt, and capture the city of Damietta, [ ii. 232-235].
Numbers return to Europe, [ ii. 237].
Names of illustrious warriors engaged, [ ii. 238].
Skirmishes on the banks of the Nile, [ ii. 243].
Capture of Damietta, [ ii. 249].
Fresh Crusaders arrive from Germany, Milan, Genoa &c., [ ii. 253].
March against the capital of Egypt, [ ii. 256].
Their fleet burnt on the Nile, [ ii. 258].
Capitulate with the Saracens, [ ii. 260].
Distresses of the Christian army, [ ii. 261].
Surrender of Damietta, [ ii. 260].
Preparations of Frederick II., emperor of Germany, to aid the Crusaders, [ ii. 264], [ ii. 267], [ ii. 269].
He arrives at Ptolemaïs, [ ii. 275];
and concludes a treaty with the sultan of Cairo, by which he is confirmed in the sovereignty of Jerusalem, [ ii. 278].
Gregory IX. determines to renew the holy war, [ ii. 283].
Council of Tours for promoting the cause of, [ ii. 287].
Thibault V., king of Navarre, engages in the crusade, [ ii. 290].
The pope prohibits his departure, [ ii. 291].
Agitated state of Palestine, and weakness of the Christian power in, [ ii. 293], [ ii. 294].
Richard, duke of Cornwall, joins the Crusaders at Ptolemaïs, [ ii. 295];
but soon returns to Italy, and leaves the Christians of Palestine to themselves, [ ii. 296].
Reflections on the ill success of this crusade, and the causes which led to it, [ ii. 297] et seq.
—— The Seventh Crusade, a.d. 1242-1245.—The Tartars of the middle ages, [ ii. 312] et seq.
State of Palestine, [ ii. 326].
Jerusalem captured by the Carismian hordes, and the Christians slaughtered, ib.
The united Mussulman and Christian forces defeated by the Carismians, [ ii. 330].
Distress of the Christians, [ ii. 334].
Innocent IV., at the council of Lyons, determines on a new crusade, [ ii. 338].
Louis IX. engages to assist, [ ii. 345-347].
The distinguished individuals of France who enter into it, [ ii. 347], [ ii. 348].
Preparations of Louis IX., [ ii. 358] et seq.
He arrives at Cyprus, [ ii. 369].
Lands at Damietta, and defeats the Mohammedan forces, [ ii. 385].
Advances on Cairo, [ ii. 399].
Defeats the Egyptians, [ ii. 403].
His sanguinary contests with the Mamelukes, [ ii. 405].
Slaughter of the Christians at Mansourah, [ ii. 408].
Sanguinary contests with the Mussulmans, and their severe losses, [ ii. 413-416].
Exposed to disease, pestilence, and famine, ii.et seq.
Louis IX. captured, and his army destroyed, [ ii. 428] et seq.
30,000 Crusaders massacred, [ ii. 430];
and numbers taken into slavery, [ ii. 435].
Louis enters into an abject treaty with the sultan of Cairo, [ ii. 438], [ ii. 447].
The Christian forces evacuate Damietta, [ ii. 448].
Heavy ransom paid for the liberation of Louis IX., who quits Egypt for Syria, [ ii. 450].
A fresh crusade preached in Europe, [ ii. 464].
Numbers of Christians in Syria and Egypt embrace the Mohammedan religion, [ ii. 469].
Hostilities resumed in Palestine, [ ii. 474].
Louis quits Palestine, and arrives at Paris in 1254, [ ii. 478], [ ii. 480].
General reflections on the crusade, and its unhappy termination, [ ii. 481] et seq.
Desolating crusades against the idolaters of Lithuania, Prussia, &c., [ ii. 493].
—— The Eighth Crusade, a.d. 1255-1270.—Dangerous position of the Christians of Palestine, [iii. 7].
War declared against, [iii. 8].
Coolness of Pope Alexander IV. and Clement IV., [iii. 8], [iii. 20].
The crusade supported only by a few French knights under Eudes, son of the duke of Burgundy, [iii. 9].
The Latin Crusaders lose Constantinople, [iii. 10].
Misfortunes of the Christians in Palestine, [iii. 11] et seq.
Louis IX. of France undertakes another crusade to the Holy Land, and after extensive preparations he sails with a powerful armament, and lands at Tunis, [iii. 23-37].
England, Scotland, Spain, Portugal, &c. engage to assist, [iii. 29].
Great mortality at Tunis, [iii. 41].
Death of Louis IX., [iii. 46].
The Crusaders conclude a ten years’ truce with the king of Tunis, [iii. 49].
Their fleet is nearly destroyed by a tempest, [iii. 51].
The ancient spirit of the Crusaders suspended, [iii. 57].
Prince Edward of England arrives in Palestine, ib.;
but soon returns, [iii. 58].
Causes of the failure of this crusade, [iii. 58] et seq.
Gregory X. convokes the council of Lyons, and endeavours, but in vain, to revive a new crusade, [iii. 59].
Severe losses and sanguinary contests of the Christians of Palestine with the Saracens, [iii. 69], [iii. 80] et seq.
The slaughter of, at the capture of Ptolemaïs, [iii. 85] et seq.
Abandoned by their leaders, [iii. 87].
Capture and destruction of all the Christian cities along the coast of Syria, [iii. 89].
Indifference of the Western world to the melancholy fate of the Christian inhabitants, [iii. 90].
—— Attempted Crusades against the Turks, a.d. 1291-1396.—Pope Nicholas IV. directs his attention to the preaching of another crusade, [iii. 93].
The hopes of the West revived by the successes of the Tartars against the Mussulmans, [iii. 94] et seq.
Proclaimed by Clement V. at the council of Vienna, [iii. 97].
Philip, king of France, Edward III. of England, and other illustrious personages, prepare for a formidable crusade, which is checked by the death of Pope John XXI., [iii. 107], [iii. 108].
Persecutions of the Christians of the East in consequence of these attempts, [iii. 109].
Benedict XI. endeavours to stir up a crusade, [iii. 110], [iii. 111].
Assembly of sovereigns and nobles at Avignon, [iii. 113], [iii. 114].
They capture and burn Alexandria, [iii. 116].
Invade the coast of Barbary, [iii. 117].
Miraculous interpositions related, [iii. 118].
Treaty with the sultan of Egypt, [iii. 119].
A crusade against the Turks determined on, [iii. 125].
Its illustrious leaders, [iii. 126].
Their fatal contests with Bajazet, [iii. 127], [iii. 128].
Pope Eugenius exhorts to a fresh crusade, [iii. 135];
and large armies are collected, [iii. 137].
The Christians enter into a treaty with Amurath, which they violate, [iii. 138];
and undertaking another crusade are defeated and annihilated, [iii. 142].
The Crusaders full of bravery but deficient in qualities, [iii. 143].
European crusades terminate with the capture of Constantinople, and the destruction of the Greek empire by the Ottoman forces, in 1453, [iii. 156].
—— Defensive Crusades against the Turks, a.d. 1453-1481, [iii. 159].
Meeting of Philip of Burgundy, John Capistran, Æneas Sylvius, Frederick III. of Germany, Pope Nicholas V., Calixtus III., and others, to endeavour to stir up a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 159-166].
The crusade preached in France, England, Germany, Spain, and Portugal, [iii. 168].
General assembly at Mantua, convoked by Pius II., [iii. 172].
His holiness endeavours to arouse the Christian states against the victorious career of the Turks, [iii. 174] et seq.
Accompanies the crusade, and dies at Ancona, [iii. 178], [iii. 179].
Paul II. and Sextus V. preach the crusade, [iii. 179], [iii. 182].
Partial successes of the Crusaders, and the discord attending them, [iii. 183].
The Christians lose all their previous conquests, except Cyprus and Rhodes, [iii. 184].
Charles VIII. of Naples engages in a pretended crusade against the Turks, [iii. 192], [iii. 193].
Pope Alexander VI. endeavours in vain to stir up the crusade, [iii. 197].
The crusading spirit becomes enfeebled, [iii. 197], [iii. 201].
Exertions of Leo X. for its revival, [iii. 202] et seq.
Great preparations for, [iii. 206].
Curious historical documents respecting, [iii. 207].
Clement VII. renounces all further hopes, [iii. 218].
Career of the Turks checked by their signal defeat in the Gulf of Lepanto, [iii. 227];
and before the walls of Vienna, [iii. 235].
General review of the holy wars, [iii. 228].
Their influence on the various classes of society in Europe, as regards the progress of the arts and of general knowledge, [iii. 251] et seq.
Concluding remarks, [iii. 345-348].
—— Appendix.—Bull of Pope Eugenius in favour of the second crusade, [iii. 370].
Bull of Gregory VIII., [iii. 380].
Ralph of Coggershall’s account of the crusade under Richard I., [iii. 395].
Treaty among the Crusaders for dividing the city and empire of Constantinople, [iii. 431].
Jourdain’s letter on the crusade of children in 1212, [iii. 441].
Letter of Innocent III. exhorting the Christians to a fresh crusade, [iii. 447].
List of the great officers who followed St. Louis in his crusade to Tunis, [iii. 465].
Receipts of the troncs in France for the expenses of the crusades, [iii. 473];
and their expenditure, [iii. 474] et seq.
Cydnus, the river, [ i. 449] n.
Cyprus, captured by Richard I. of England, [ i. 475].
Disputes respecting the sovereignty of, [ ii. 177].
Arrival of Louis IX. at, [ ii. 369].
Intemperance of the Crusaders at, [ ii. 370], [ ii. 371].
Political distractions of, [iii. 184].
Subjected to the Mussulmans, [iii. 185].
Taken possession of by the Venetians, [ib.]
Captured by the Turks, [iii. 225].
——, king of, flies from Ptolemaïs, [iii. 79].
——, Peter de Lusignan, king of, engages in a fresh crusade, [iii. 313] et seq.
D.
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, appointed patriarch of Jerusalem, [ i. 269].
His disputes with Baldwin, king of Jerusalem, [ i. 285], [ i. 286].
Letters from him and others detailing their victories over the Saracens, [ i. 362-364] (App.).
Daïs, a class of Ishmaëlians, [iii. 421].
Damascus, principality of, [ i. 127].
The sultan of, attacks the principality of Tancred, and is defeated by Godfrey, [ i. 273].
He defeats the Christians, [ i. 290], [ i. 291].
Description and history of, [ i. 364], [ i. 365].
Besieged by the Crusaders, who are defeated through treachery, [ i. 366] et seq.
Captured by the Carismians, [ ii. 332].
Sultan of, carries on war against the Egyptians, ii.468, [ ii. 473].
Treaty of peace between, [ ii. 474].
Damietta, city of, described, [ ii. 231], [ ii. 232].
Tower of, taken by the Crusaders, [ ii. 232-235].
Sanguinary conflicts before the walls of, [ ii. 243].
Captured by the Christians, the inhabitants having perished by famine, [ ii. 249], [ ii. 250].
Great wealth of, [ib.]
Surrendered to the Saracens, [ ii. 260].
Besieged and captured by the Crusaders under Louis IX., [ ii. 380-385].
Delivered up to the Mussulmans by treaty, [ ii. 448].
Mussulman rejoicings at, and Arab poem on, [ ii. 451].
Destroyed by the Mussulmans, [ ii. 485].
Letter from the count of Artois on the taking of, [iii. 456] (App.).
Letter from St. Louis respecting, [iii. 461] (App.).
Dandolo, the doge of Venice, [ ii. 49] and n.
Engages to assist the Crusaders, [ ii. 50], [ ii. 51].
His address to the Venetians in favour of the Crusaders, [ ii. 61].
Virtues of, [ ii. 146].
Death of, [ ii. 172].
His treaty with the Crusaders for dividing Constantinople and the empire, [iii. 431] (App.).
Daphnusia, expedition against, [iii. 9].
Darcum, castle of, [ i. 495].
Dardanelles, castle of, built by Selim II., [iii. 226].
Dargan, vizier of Egypt, defeated and slain, [ i. 387].
Despotism, the most fragile of human institutions, [iii. 120].
Dicet, Ralph, extract from his history, [iii. 394].
Dipsada, serpents so called, [ i. 199] n.
Dogs, a river in “burning Phrygia” discovered by the sagacity of, [ i. 114].
Dol, archbishop of, [ i. 56] n.
Dolabella, his dispute with Cassius, [ i. 117] n.
Dorylæum, plain of, [ i. 106].
Ducas, Michael, excites the Christians to take arms against the infidels, [ i. 38], [ i. 39].
Duelling, origin of, in the middle ages, [iii. 313].
Durazzo, siege of, [ i. 284].
E.
Earthquake visits Palestine, and destroys several cities, [ i. 291], [ i. 292].
In Egypt, [ ii. 188].
East, anarchy of the, [ i. 4], [ i. 5].
Subject to the invasions of the wild hordes of Tartary, [ i. 31].
Subdued by the Turks, [ i. 32].
Empire of, approaching to its fall, [ i. 36], [ i. 37].
State of, at the time of the third crusade, [ i. 382].
Ecalthai, the Tartar prince, sends an embassy to Louis IX. at Cyprus, [ ii. 373].
Eccelino de Romano, papal crusade against, [ ii. 422].
His death, [ ii. 493].
Eclipses, alarm caused by, [ i. 201], [ i. 351].
Edessa, occupied by the Crusaders, [ i. 121].
Governed by Baldwin, [ i. 124].
The principal bulwark of the Christians, [ i. 125].
Flourishing state of, [ i. 306].
Captured and destroyed by the infidels, and the Christians slaughtered, [ i. 321-327].
——, Matthew of, [ i. 101].
Edma, daughter of Baldwin, [ i. 302].
Edward I. of England, his expedition to the Holy Land, and defeat of the Saracens, [iii. 472] (App.).
Edward, Prince, of England, engages in the crusade to the Holy Land, [iii. 29], [iii. 32].
Arrives in Syria, and captures Nazareth, [iii. 57].
Returns to England, [iii. 58].
[Egypt], ambassadors from, received at the camp of the Crusaders, [ i. 138].
Their offers rejected, [ i. 139].
Mussulman forces from, under Afdhal, [ i. 237-242].
The armies of, defeated by Baldwin, king of Jerusalem, [ i. 278], [ i. 286], [ i. 287], [ i. 293].
Several of her cities captured, [ i. 303].
Distracted state of, [ i. 386] et seq.
Warlike preparations against, [ i. 389] et seq.
Deposition and death of the caliph, [ i. 396].
Possessed by Malek-Adel, [ i. 509].
Famine and plague in, [ ii. 186],[ ii. 187].
Terrible earthquake in, [ ii. 188].
The sultan of, joined by the warriors of Carismia, [ ii. 326].
Malek-Saleh Negmeddin, the sultan of, [ ii. 376].
Military and political state of, when invaded by Louis IX., [ ii. 377], [ ii. 378], [ ii. 379].
The Saracens defeated by Louis, [ ii. 403].
The Christian forces, in their turn, defeated with great slaughter, [ ii. 408], [ ii. 428].
Almoadam raised to the throne of, [ ii. 417].
Louis IX. taken prisoner in, [ ii. 428].
Civil commotions in, [ ii. 459].
Sultan of, negotiates a treaty of alliance with Venice, [iii. 199].
Undertakes an expedition against the Portuguese, [ib.]
Memoir of Leibnitz, addressed to Louis XIV., on the conquest of, [iii. 478-493] (App.).
Eleanor of Guienne, the queen of Louis VII., [ i. 343], [ i. 346].
Accomplishments of, [ i. 360].
Her irregular conduct, [ i. 361], [ i. 362].
Repudiated by her husband, [ i. 362].
Results of her divorce, [ i. 378], [ i. 472].
Eleuctra, river, venomous serpents of, [ i. 198].
Elevein, province of, in Wales, [iii. 409].
Elidore, miraculous adventure of, [iii. 411].
Eloi, St., at the court of Dagobert, [ i. 10].
Emad-eddin, his conspiracy for dethroning the sultan of Cairo, [ ii. 242].
Emaüs, captured by Saladin, [ i. 427].
Emicio, Count, instigates the Crusaders to the greatest cruelties, [ i. 70].
Emirs of Egypt, power of, [ ii. 444].
Emmaüs, the Crusaders arrive at, [ i. 201].
England, her resistance to the pretensions of the popes, [ ii. 303], [ ii. 341].
Increase of liberty in, [iii. 285].
State of, and changes in, during the age of the crusades, [iii. 256] et seq.
Erard de Severy, his heroic death, [ ii. 410].
Eude, duke of Burgundy, [ i. 249].
Killed in battle, [ i. 254] and n.
—— III., death of, [ ii. 55].
Eugenius III., Pope, warmly urges on the second crusade, [ i. 331].
His bull in its favour, [iii. 370] (App.).
—— IV. receives the submission of the Greek Church, [iii. 135].
Exhorts the Christian states to a fresh crusade, [iii. 135], [iii. 136].
Euphrosyne, wife of the Emperor Alexius, [ ii. 94].
Europe, aspect of, changed by advancing civilization, [ i. xxi].
Political and religious distractions of, [ ii. 195], [ ii. 196]; [iii. 131], [iii. 217], [iii. 220].
General state of, [ ii. 304], [ ii. 305].
Great preparations for undertaking a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 206].
Curious historical documents respecting, [iii. 207].
Divisions among the powers of, [iii. 214].
Policy of the sovereigns of, [iii. 219].
General emulation in, for the cultivation of the arts, [iii. 229].
Eutychians, sect of the, [ i. 4].
Everard de Puysaie, bravery of, at Jerusalem, [ i. 224].
Evrard des Barres, grand master of the Templars, [ i. 356].
Ezeroum, kingdom of, [ i. 97].
Ezz-Eddin Aybek, surnamed Turcoman, made governor of Egypt under Chegger-Eddour, [ ii. 445].
Marries Chegger-Eddour, and becomes sultan, [ ii. 459].
Is assassinated by his wife, [iii. 3].
F.
Fair held on Mount Calvary, [ i. 11].
Fakr-eddin, Imaum, anecdote of, [iii. 426].
Fak-reddin, the leader of the Egyptian army, [ ii. 381].
Defeated by Louis IX., [ ii. 385].
Takes the command of Egypt, [ ii. 397].
His letter to the Mussulmans, [ ii. 398].
Is slain in battle, [ ii. 403].
Falcandus, the Sicilian historian, [ ii. 20] and n.
Famine in Europe, [ ii. 56] and n.
In Egypt, [ ii. 56], [ ii. 112].
Its frightful effects, [ ii. 186], [ ii. 187].
Fanaticism, spirit of, weakened by civilization, i. xxi.
Rage of, [ i. 481], [ i. 482].
Fatimite caliphs recapture Jerusalem, [ i. 16].
Fatimites, dynasty of the, extinguished, [ i. 396].
Fayel, lady de, [ i. 503].
Fedaïs, a sect of assassins in Syria, [iii. 421].
Curious anecdote of one, [iii. 426].
Fergant, the Breton, [ i. 183].
Feristha, the historian, [ i. 31].
Feudalism established at Jerusalem, [ i. 271-273].
Its yoke first shaken off in Lombardy and Italy, [iii. 284].
Evils of, [iii. 275] et seq.
Its fall, [iii. 292], [iii. 293].
Flanders, nobility of, engage in the fifth crusade, [ ii. 47], [ ii. 83].
Bravery of the soldiers of, [ ii. 415].
——, count of, his speech to the Christian army at Jerusalem, [ i. 230].
Florence rejoices at the defeat of the French Crusaders, [ ii. 453].
Florine, daughter of Eude I., slain, [ i. 134] and n.
Foulke, a French knight, and his beautiful wife, fate of, [ i. 181].
——, count of Anjou, and son of Foulque le Rechin, engages in the holy wars, [ i. 310].
Marries the daughter of Baldwin du Bourg, [ib.]
Crowned king of Jerusalem, [ i. 311].
His death, [ i. 316].
Foulque-Nerra, count of Anjou, penitential pilgrimages of, [ i. 25], [ i. 26].
Death of, [ i. 26].
Miraculous incident relative to, [iii. 355] (App.).
Foulkes, curé of Neuilly, preaches in favour of the fifth crusade, [ ii. 42-45].
Death of, [ ii. 57].
Tomb of, [ib.] n.
“Fountain of the Clerks,” London, [iii. 384].
France, enthusiasm of, for the Christian crusades against the infidels of Palestine, [ i. 53], [ i. 79].
The Crusaders of, and their most distinguished leaders, [ i. 87], [ i. 88].
Louis IX. engages in the second crusade, [ i. 337] et seq.
Ruled by the minister Suger, [ i. 376].
Lamentations of, for the fate of the Crusaders, [ i. 376], [ i. 377].
——, placed under the papal interdict, [ ii. 42].
Political contentions in, [ ii. 195], [ ii. 208].
Engages in the sixth crusade, [ ii. 207].
Louis IX. and several distinguished personages engage in the seventh crusade, [ ii. 347], [ ii. 348].
The nobles of, form a league to resist the exactions of the pope, [ ii. 358].
Enthusiasm of, for the seventh crusade, [ ii. 362], [ ii. 363], [ ii. 365].
Improved state of society in, [ ii. 364].
Innocent IV. takes charge of the kingdom during the absence of Louis IX., [ ii. 368].
State of her navy, [ ii. 369].
Consternation of, on receiving the news of the defeat and capture of Louis IX. by the Egyptians, [ ii. 452].
France undertakes a second crusade under Louis IX., assisted by various powers, [iii. 24] et seq.
Invades the coast of Barbary, where Louis dies, [iii. 117].
Her troops take possession of Rome, [iii. 194].
Political troubles of, [iii. 112], [iii. 113].
The Crusaders of, defeated and slaughtered by Bajazet, [iii. 128].
Consternation of the French, [ib.]
Important changes in, during the age of the crusades, [iii. 254] et seq.
Extension of liberty in, [iii. 285], [iii. 291], [iii. 292].
Receipts of the troncs for the expenses of the crusades, [iii. 473];
and their expenditure, [iii. 474] (App.).
Her treaties with the Ottoman Port, [iii. 488] (App.).
Francis I. of France, his letters respecting the crusade against the Turks, [iii. 207].
His injunctions, [iii. 209].
Made prisoner at the battle of Pavia, [iii. 214].
Policy of, [iii. 219].
Francis of Assise, or St. Francis, piety of, [ ii. 244].
His address to Melik-Kamel, [ ii. 245].
Founds the religious order of Cordeliers, [ ii. 246].
Franks, military valour of the, [ i. 37]; [ ii. 87].
Carry on their hostilities against the infidels, [ i. 282] et seq.
Attack Constantinople, [ ii. 87].
Character of the, [ ii. 174].
See [France].
Frederick II., emperor of Germany, enters into vows to fight against the infidels of Palestine, [ ii. 263].
His extensive preparations, [ ii. 265].
Sets sail, and returns to Otranto, [ ii. 270].
His marriage at Rome with the heiress of the king of Jerusalem, [ ii. 266].
Acknowledged to be the sovereign of the holy city, [ ii. 267].
His quarrel with the pope, [ ii. 270] et seq.
Opposed by the clergy, [ ii. 280].
Quits Palestine for Europe, [ ii. 281].
His victories in Lombardy, [ ii. 281].
Excommunicated by Gregory IX., [ib.]
Treaty with his holiness, [ ii. 282].
Renewed rupture with the pope, [ ii. 292].
Excommunicated, [ ii. 292], [ ii. 341].
His indignation, [ ii. 344].
Is deposed by the pope, [ ii. 353].
His protracted contests with, [ ii. 354] et seq.
Enters into negotiations with Melik-Kamel, [ ii. 273], [ ii. 276].
Arrives at Ptolemaïs, [ ii. 275].
Concludes a treaty, [ ii. 278].
Death of, [ ii. 461].
His character, [ ii. 490].
—— III. of Germany endeavours to stir up a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 164].
——, duke of Swabia, joins the Crusaders, [ i. 468].
Death of, [ i. 470].
——, king of the Romans, [ ii. 209], [ ii. 217].
G.
Galata, fortress of, captured by the Latins, [ ii. 87].
Gargan, Mount, [ i. 21].
Garnier, count de Grai, [ i. 78].
Gaston de Béarn, [ i. 88], [ i. 212].
Dies in Spain, [ i. 247].
Ordinances of, [ i. 262] n.
Gaucher de Chatillon, his heroic death, [ ii. 427].
Gauthier de Brienne lays claim to the kingdom of Sicily, [ ii. 53], [ ii. 178].
Engages in the holy wars, [ ii. 78].
Captured and put to death by the Carismians, [ ii. 331], [ ii. 332].
Gaza, capture of, by Saladin, [ i. 426].
The Crusaders surprised and cut to pieces at, [ ii. 295].
Gecko, the serpent of Egypt, [ i. 199] n.
Gelaleddin, sultan of Carismia, death of, [ ii. 326].
Gemaleddin, the historian, [ i. 175] n.
Gengiskhan, the Tartar chief, historical notices and conquests of, [ ii. 317] et seq.
Death of, [ ii. 321].
Genoese, their fleets and victories, [ i. 40].
They relieve and assist the Crusaders at Antioch, [ i. 145];
at Jaffa, [ i. 211];
and at Arsur, [ i. 277].
Their contests with the Venetians, [iii. 2].
They lose the colony of Caffa, [iii. 184].
Geoffrey de la Tour, anecdote of, [ i. 180].
—— de Lusignan, [ i. 413].
Defeated and made prisoner by Saladin, [ i. 422].
—— de Rançon, [ i. 354].
Commits a fatal blunder, [ i. 355].
Geography, progress of, during the period of the crusades, [iii. 333-335].
Georgians, a warlike people, [ ii. 265].
Gerard of Avesnes, heroic death of, [ i. 268].
Géraud, St., Baron d’Aurillac, [ i. 19] n.
Gerbert, Archbishop, excites resistance to the Saracens, [ i. 17].
Germany, state of, at the time of the second crusade, [ i. 337].
Enthusiasm of, in its favour, [ i. 339].
The Crusaders of, defeated by the Turks, [ i. 353].
The fourth crusade preached and undertaken by, [ ii. 14-16].
The Crusaders return from Palestine, [ ii. 31].
Political and religious contentions in, [ ii. 209], [ ii. 353].
Changes in, during the age of the crusades, [iii. 258-260].
Extension of liberty in, [iii. 284].
Gertrude, wife of Andrew II. of Hungary, [ ii. 217].
Gervais, count of Tiberias, taken prisoner and put to death, [ i. 290].
Ghibellines, faction of the, [ ii. 269].
Gibel, besieged by the Crusaders, [ i. 189] and n.
Gilbert, a leader of the crusades, [ i. 356].
Giraffe, its first introduction into Europe, [iii. 330].
Giselbert, prophetic vision of, [ i. 234].
Gisors, assembly convoked at, by the kings of France and England, [ i. 436].
Glaber the monk, chronicle of, [ i. 19], [ i. 20], [ i. 23].
Glass, manufacture of, during the middle ages, [iii. 329].
Gnostics, sect of the, [iii. 495] et seq.
Godfrey de Bouillon, duke of Lorraine, the distinguished leader of the first crusade, i. xx., xxi., [ i. 76] and n., [ i. 77-79].
Wages war against the Greeks, [ i. 90].
His alliance with Alexis of Constantinople, [ i. 92].
Defeats the Turks in Phrygia, [ i. 110], [ i. 111].
Dangerously wounded by a bear, [ i. 115].
His quarrel with Bohemond, [ i. 146], [ i. 147].
His heroic bravery, [ i. 172].
Forms an alliance with the emir of Hezas, and defeats the sultan of Aleppo, [ i. 182].
Takes Jerusalem by storm, [ i. 221].
Elected king, [ i. 234].
Defeats the Egyptian forces on the plain of Ascalon, [ i. 240-242].
His quarrel with Raymond, [ i. 244].
Political measures and conquests of, [ i. 267].
Besieges Arsur, [ i. 268].
Extraordinary prowess of, [ i. 269].
He concedes political power to the patriarch of Jerusalem, [ib.]
Divides the conquered lands among the companions of his victories, [ i. 270].
His legislative code, [ i. 271-273].
His death and character, [ i. 274].
—— abbot of Clairvaux, [ i. 329] n.
Godfrey, bishop of Langres, [ i. 331].
Gorgoni, valley of, in Phrygia, [ i. 106] and n.
Battle of, [ i. 107-111].
Goths, monarchy of the, overturned, [ i. 5].
Gotschalk, a priest, elected general of the Crusaders, [ i. 68].
His progress, [ i. 69] et seq.
Greece, invaded by Boniface, king of Thessalonica, [ ii. 162], [ ii. 163].
By the Turks, [iii. 122].
Humiliated condition of, [iii. 134].
Conquered by Mahomet II., [iii. 171].
Her want of energy to resist the Turkish domination, [iii. 243].
Her probable emancipation, [iii. 245].
Greek, knowledge of, diffused and cultivated in the West, [ ii. 181] and n., [iii. 204].
Brought from Constantinople, [iii. 338].
Greek Church submits to papal authority, [iii. 135].
Greek empire, its weakened condition, [ i. 4], [ i. 5].
The conquered lands of, distributed among the Crusaders, [ ii. 149], [ ii. 150].
Its approaching fall, [iii. 144].
Capture of its capital by Mahomet II., [iii. 156].
Destruction of the, [iii. 156-158].
Greek fire, [ i. 5].
Destructive properties and terrific appearance of, [ ii. 14], [ ii. 401].
Use of, [iii. 29].
Note upon, by Renaudot, [iii. 387] (App.).
Greeks, on the rising energies of the, [ i. 13].
The cool indifference of their prelates, [ib.]
They are defeated by the Saracens, [ i. 14].
Zimisces, their emperor, gains a signal victory, [ i. 15].
Opposed to the formidable tyranny of the Turks, [ i. 34], [ i. 35].
Their moral condition and character, [ i. 35-37]; ii. 100 et seq., [ ii. 174].
Their contests with the Crusaders, and hostility to the Latins, [ i. 90], [ i. 91], [ i. 93], [ i. 446], [ i. 447].
Their perfidious policy to the Crusaders, [ i. 348] et seq., [ i. 356].
Are defeated by Barbarossa, [ i. 448].
Their contentions with the Latins, [ ii. 103], [ ii. 113-115].
Their reverence for relics and images, [ ii. 141].
Rebel against the Latins, [ ii. 165].
Defeat and massacre them, [ ii. 168], [ ii. 169].
Their different historians, [ ii. 175].
Dispossess the Latins of Constantinople, [iii. 10].
See [Constantinople].
“Green Knight,” distinguished bravery of the, [ i. 452].
Gregory VII., Pope, his character, [ i. 39].
—— VIII., bull of, in favour of a crusade against Saladin, [iii. 380] (App.).
—— IX., Pope, character of, [ ii. 269].
His rage against Frederick II. of Germany, [ ii. 270], [ ii. 271].
Hostilities with, [ ii. 272], [ ii. 281].
Treaty with, [ ii. 282].
Determines to renew the holy war, [ ii. 283].
Quarrels with and excommunicates Frederick, [ ii. 292].
His death, [ ii. 296].
—— X. convokes a council at Lyons for reviving a new crusade, [iii. 59].
His death, [iii. 66].
——, Cardinal, [ iii. 52].
—— St., of Nyssen, [ i. 2].
Grenier, Eustache, regent of Jerusalem, [ i. 297].
Guelphs, faction of the, [ ii. 269].
Guibert, Abbé, [ i. 56] n.
Guichenon, the historian of the house of Savoy, [ i. 250] n.
Guicher, a French knight, [ i. 180].
Guienne. See [Eleanor of].
Guillebard, St., pilgrimage of, [ i. 24] n.
Guis de Trusselle, [ i. 83].
Guiscard, Robert, the Norman, [ i. 84].
Gundechilde, wife of Pancratius, [ i. 120].
Gunther, the monk, his history of the Greeks, [ ii. 175], 176.
Guy, abbot of Vaux de Cernay, [ ii. 64].
His rebellion against Baldwin IV., [ i. 407].
Selected by Sibylla, his wife, as the sovereign of Jerusalem, [ i. 413].
His contentions with Saladin, [ i. 417] et seq.
Defeated and made prisoner, [ i. 422].
Released from captivity, [ i. 453].
Besieges Ptolemaïs, [ i. 454].
His conflicts with Saladin, [ i. 458].
Obtains the sovereignty of Cyprus, [ i. 501].
—— de Malvoisin, bravery of, [ ii. 408], [ ii. 415].
—— du Châtel, slain, [ ii. 426].
—— de Chatillon, slain, [ ii. 481].
—— of Tremouille, death of, [iii. 129].
Guymer, the corsair chief, [ i. 118].
H.
Haco, king of Norway, engages in the seventh crusade, [ ii. 361].
His political motives, [ib.]
Hafiz, the Persian poet, his description of Jerusalem, [ i. 202].
Hakim, Caliph, fanatical excesses of, [ i. 16], [ i. 17].
Inconstancy of, [ i. 20].
Halys, defeat of the Crusaders on the banks of the, [ i. 252].
Haman Eddin, secretary of Saladin, [ i. 397].
Hammer, M. Raynouard’s notes on his “Mysterium Baphometi Revelatum”, [iii. 494-500].
Hapsburg, family of, their origin, [iii. 260].
Harem, city of, taken by the Crusaders, [ i. 140].
Haroun al Raschid, glorious reign of, [ i. 8].
His amicable relations with Charlemagne, [ i. 9].
Hassan, founder of the Ismaëlians, his origin and history, [iii. 415] et seq. (App.).
Hegira, first age of the, [ i. 5].
Helen, statue of, at Constantinople, [ ii. 140].
Helena, St., her piety, [ i. 2].
Pious pilgrimage of, [ i. 27].
Helian, his speech against the Venetians, [iii. 200].
Hemingford, Walter, the chronicler, [iii. 472].
Henry II., king of England, urged to join the Crusaders, [ i. 411].
Determines on renewing the holy war, [ i. 438].
His quarrels with the king of France, [ i. 440].
His convocation at the Fountain of the Clerks, London, [iii. 394] (App.).
—— III., ascends the throne of England, [ ii. 216].
Refuses to assist the Crusaders, [ ii. 352].
His opposition to the pope and his barons, [ ii. 394].
—— VI. of Germany engages in the fourth crusade, [ ii. 13] et seq.
Conquers Naples and Sicily, [ ii. 20].
Progress of his armies in Palestine, [ ii. 22] et seq.
Death of, [ ii. 31];
and character, [ ii. 34] and n.
—— VIII. of England, policy of, [iii. 219].
—— count of Champagne, Palestine ceded to, [ i. 501].
Accidental death of, [ ii. 17].
——, landgrave of Thuringia, crowned emperor of Germany, [ ii. 353]
—— of Hainault, his bravery, [ ii. 169], [ ii. 170].
Heracle, count de Polignac, [ i. 88].
Heraclius captures Jerusalem, [ i. 4].
His interview with Henry II., king of England, [ i. 411].
Hercules, statue of, at Constantinople, [ ii. 130].
Heresies of the thirteenth century, [ ii. 198].
Papal crusade against, [ ii. 199].
Hezas, emir of, [ i. 181].
Allies himself with the Crusaders, and defeats the sultan of Aleppo, [ i. 182].
Hezelon de Kintzveiler, prophetic vision of, [ i. 234].
Hildebrand, Pope, pretensions of, [ i. 39].
History, writers of, [ i. xxii].
Difficulties of reconciling, [ i. xxiii].
Progress of, during the period of the crusades, [iii. 341].
Holy Land, pilgrimages to the, [ i. 1-3]; [iii. 248], [iii. 249], [iii. 349] et seq.
Letter of Innocent III. exhorting Christians to the aid of, [iii. 447] (App.).
See [Palestine].
—— See, political contentions with the, [ ii. 208], [ ii. 209].
Its quarrels with Frederick, emperor of Germany, [ ii. 270], [ ii. 281], [ ii. 292].
See [Popes].
—— Sepulchre, veneration for the, [ i. 1].
Melancholy spectacle of its ruins, [ i. 20].
Pilgrimages to the, [ i. 21].
Knights of the, [ i. 308].
Honorius III., Pope, [ ii. 215].
Urges the sixth crusade, [ ii. 216].
Death of, [ ii. 269].
Horses, four, of bronze, carried to Venice, [ ii. 182].
Hospitals for pilgrims of the Latin Church, [ i. 10], [ i. 16], [ i. 22], [ i. 23].
Hospitallers, possessions and power of, [ ii. 9].
Their quarrels with the Templars, [ ii. 9], [ ii. 10]; [iii. 2].
Their exploits, [iii. 98].
Anecdote of the, [iii. 299].
Hugh of Lusignan, king of Cyprus, [iii. 111], [iii. 112].
——, count of Jaffa, [ i. 313].
Death of, [ i. 315].
Humbert II., count of Savoy, departs for the Holy Land, [ i. 249].
Historical notices of, [ i. 250].
—— II., dauphin of Viennois, takes the cross for the holy war, [iii. 111].
—— de Romanis, curious document issued by, [iii. 60], [iii. 61].
Humphrey de Thoron, [ i. 413].
His pretensions to the throne of Jerusalem, [ i. 470].
Hungarians, their origin, [ i. 62].
Oppose the progress of the Crusaders, [ i. 65] et seq., [ i. 68], [ i. 71].
Conquered by the Tartars, [ ii. 323].
Hungary, political state of, [ ii. 230].
The Crusaders of, defeated by Bajazet, [iii. 128].
Invaded by the Turks, [ iii. 166], [ iii. 187].
The Turks defeated, [ iii. 187].
Invaded by Soliman, [ iii. 214];
and the Hungarians defeated, [ iii. 215].
Weakened condition of, [ iii. 218].
Enters into a treaty of peace with the Turks, [ib.]
Hunniades, the Hungarian, a leader of the Crusaders, [iii. 137].
Is defeated by Amurath, [ iii. 142].
Valour of, [ iii. 166], [ iii. 167].
His death, [ iii. 167].
I.
Ibu-Ferat, the Arabian historian, [iii. 63], 64 n.
Iconium, city of, [ i. 116].
Taken by Barbarossa, [ i. 448].
Ida, countess of Hainault, heroic devotion of, [ i. 246].
——, margravine of Austria, [ i. 249].
Iftikhar-Eddanlah, governor of Jerusalem, his hostilities against the Crusaders, [ i. 204].
Imamat, rights of the, [iii. 414].
Imbert de Beaujeu, constable of France, [ ii. 402].
Indulgences, sale of, [iii. 210].
Industry, progress of, during the period of the crusades, [iii. 251], [iii. 328] et seq.
Infidels. See [Mohammedans], [Saracens], and [Turks].
Ingulfus, the monk, his account of the pilgrimage to Jerusalem, [ i. 30] and n.
Innocent III., the great instigator of the fifth crusade, [ ii. 38] et seq.
His quarrel with Philip of France, [ ii. 42].
His reproaches against the Crusaders at Zara, [ ii. 73].
His letter, [ ii. 153].
His efforts to stimulate the Crusaders, [ ii. 191], [ ii. 203], [ ii. 213].
His crusade against the Albigeois, [ ii. 199] and n.
His political domination, [ ii. 208], [ ii. 209].
Assembles the council of Lateran, [ ii. 210].
His sermon on the occasion, [ ii. 211].
His death and character, [ ii. 214], [ ii. 215].
Letter from, exhorting Christians to the aid of the Holy Laud, [iii. 447] (App.).
—— IV., disturbances under his reign, [ ii. 296].
Convokes the council of Lyons, [ ii. 335].
Determines on the seventh crusade, [ ii. 338]..
Excommunicates Frederick, emperor of Germany, [ ii. 341].
Deposes him, [ ii. 353].
Protracted contests between them, [ ii. 354] et seq.
Levies excessive contributions on Europe, [ ii. 358].
Encourages the preaching of a fresh crusade, [ ii. 464].
His character, [ ii. 490], [ ii. 491].
Inquisition established in Spain, [iii. 267].
Its power, [iii. 271].
Isaac Angelus, the emperor of Constantinople, [ i. 445].
Forms an alliance with Saladin, [ i. 446].
Deposed by Alexius Angelus, [ ii. 63-65].
Reinstated by the Crusaders, [ ii. 93].
His imbecility and bigotry, [ ii. 108].
His death, [ ii. 119].
—— Comnenus, dispossessed of Cyprus, [ i. 475].
Isabella of Constantinople, death of, [ ii. 192].
Isidorus, Cardinal, bravery of, [iii. 154].
Islamism. See Mohammedanism.
Ismaëlians, the assassins of Syria and Persia, their dangerous character, [ i. 304-306]; [iii. 425].
Account of their origin and history, [iii. 414-431] (App.).
Their possessions, [iii. 424].
Various sects and classes of, [iii. 420], [iii. 421], [iii. 428].
Their religious dogmas, [iii. 429].
Italy, zeal of, awakened in favour of the crusades, [ i. 84].
War of factions in, [ ii. 269]; [iii. 190].
Invaded by Frederick, emperor of Germany, and devastated by civil war, [ ii. 293], [ ii. 296].
State of, and changes during the age of the crusades, [iii. 261].
Republics of, [iii. 263].
The clergy and nobility lose their influence in the cities, [iii. 284].
Her extensive commerce during the middle ages, [iii. 327].
Progress of architecture in, [iii. 332].
Literature of Greece introduced into, [iii. 338].
“Itinerary” of the early pilgrims from Bordeaux to Jerusalem, composed A.D. 333, [iii. 351] et seq.
J.
Jacob of Hungary instigates the Crusaders, [ ii. 462].
Is killed, [ ii. 463].
Jacques d’Avesnes slain, [ i. 487].
—— de Maillé, his bravery and death, [ i. 415], [ i. 416].
Jaffa, entrance of the Genoese fleet into the port of, [ i. 211].
Captured by Richard I., [ i. 489].
Taken by the Mussulmans, [ ii. 17].
The garrison surprised and massacred by the Saracens, [ ii. 31] and n.
Captured by the sultan of Cairo, [iii. 16].
Great expense of fortifying by Louis IX., [ib.] n.
Battle of, [iii. 396] (App.).
Jago, the patron saint of Galicia, [ i. 21].
James, king of Arragon, engages in the holy war, [iii. 29], [iii. 30].
—— of Vitri preaches the sixth crusade, [ ii. 207].
Jane, queen of Sicily, [ i. 475].
Jebusees, Jerusalem the ancient capital of the, [ i. 203].
Jehoshaphat, valley of, [ i. 21].
Jem-jem. See [Zizim].
Jericho, palms of, [ i. 21].
Jerusalem, taken by the Crusaders, [ i. xx].
Retaken by the infidels, [ib.]
Reverence for, by the early Christians, [ i. 2].
A peaceful asylum for them, [ i. 3].
Captured and profaned by the Fire Worshippers, [ib.]
Recaptured by Heraclius, [ i. 4].
Conquered by the Saracens, [ i. 6].
Christian cemetery at, [ i. 10], [ i. 11].
Retaken by the Fatimite caliphs, [ i. 16].
Christians driven from, [ i. 19].
Pious pilgrimages to, [ i. 21], [ i. 24], [ i. 29], [ i. 30].
Hospitals at, [ i. 23].
Possessed by the Turks, [ i. 32].
The Christians commence their march towards, [ i. 196].
Antiquity and early history of, [ i. 203].
Description of, [ i. 204].
The enthusiasm of the Crusaders on the first view of, [ i. 102].
Besieged, [ i. 205] et seq.
Indignities heaped upon the Christian inhabitants of, [ i. 207].
Obstinate defence of, [ i. 218] et seq.
The Crusaders take it by storm, [ i. 221-225].
Great slaughter, [ i. 224], [ i. 225].
Pious fervour of the Christian army at, [ i. 226], [ i. 227].
Wealth found in, [ i. 229].
Godfrey de Bouillon elected king, [ i. 234].
Rejoicings of the Christians of the East, and despair of the Mussulmans at the conquest of, [ i. 236], [ i. 237].
State of the kingdom of, at the time of the Crusaders, [ i. 266].
The various authorities for compiling the history of, [ i. 267] n.
Visited by numerous pilgrims, [ i. 269].
Legislative code for governing the kingdom of, [ i. 271-273].
Death of its king, Godfrey, and election of his brother Baldwin, [ i. 274].
Quarrels between Baldwin and the patriarch, [ i. 285].
Death of Baldwin, [ i. 294].
Baldwin du Bourg elected his successor, [ i. 296].
Death of Baldwin du Bourg, [ i. 310].
Foulque of Anjou crowned king, [ i. 311].
His death, [ i. 316].
Baldwin III. ascends the throne of, [ i. 316].
Threatened by Noureddin, [ i. 328].
Sinister prognostics respecting, [ib.]
Christendom aroused to a second crusade by the impending danger of, [ i. 329].
Visited by numerous pilgrims, [ i. 269].
Death of Baldwin III., [ i. 384].
Amaury, his brother, elected king, [ i. 386].
His death, [ i. 399].
Distracted state of, [ i. 407] et seq.
Deaths of Baldwin IV. and V., [ i. 412].
Guy de Lusignan elected king, [ i. 413].
Civil contests and tottering state of, [ i. 414] et seq.
The king made prisoner, [ i. 422].
Besieged by Saladin, [ i. 426].
Surrender of, [ i. 429], [ i. 432].
Prognostics of its fall, [ i. 435].
Disputes respecting the sovereignty of, [ i. 470], [ i. 476], [ i. 477].
Treaty between Richard I. and Saladin, [ i. 500].
—— governed by the successors of Saladin, [ ii. 3] and n.
Political state of, [ ii. 192], [ ii. 193].
Frederick, emperor of Germany, acknowledged to be king of, [ ii. 267], [ ii. 278].
Agitations of, [ ii. 279], [ ii. 282].
Quarrels with the patriarch, [ ii. 279].
Religious worship suspended, [ ii. 280].
Captured by the Carismian hordes, and the Christians slaughtered, [ ii. 326], [ ii. 327].
Possessed by the Egyptians, [ ii. 331].
Jerusalem, three pretenders to the throne of, [iii. 63].
Pilgrimages to, and various treaties for protecting the Christians of, [iii. 249].
A spirit of resignation takes the place of the enthusiasm of the Crusaders, [iii. 250] and n.
“Itinerary” to, from Bordeaux, [iii. 351] (App.).
Massacres on the taking of, by the Christians, [iii. 359].
Acts of the council of Naplouse for reforming the Christians of, [iii. 367].
Letter from Saladin, detailing his conquest of, [iii. 372].
Sermon made at, by Mohammed Ben Zeky, [iii. 376].
——, “Assizes of,” [ i. 271-273].
“Jerusalem delivered” of Tasso, more wonderful than that of the “Iliad”, [ i. 258].
Jesus Christ, pretended visions respecting, [ i. 191].
Alleged miraculous communication to the Crusaders, [ i. 164], [ i. 165].
The “true cross” of, found at Jerusalem, [ i. 230].
Jews, massacred and persecuted by the Crusaders, [ i. 19], [ i. 70], [ i. 341].
Destruction of, at Jerusalem, [ i. 228].
Joannice, the Tartar leader, [ ii. 166].
Defeats the Latins, [ ii. 167], [ ii. 169].
John, king of England, engages in the sixth crusade, [ ii. 209].
——, king of France, taken captive at the battle of Poictiers, [iii. 112].
Engages in a fresh crusade, [iii. 113], [iii. 114].
—— of Austria defeats the Turks at the naval battle of Lepanto, [iii. 226].
—— of Brienne, [ ii. 193].
Accepts the young queen of Jerusalem in marriage, [ ii. 194], [ ii. 195].
Joinville, seneschal de, the historian of the seventh crusade, [ ii. 371], et passim.
Bravery of, [ ii. 410].
Taken prisoner, [ ii. 429].
Excellence and style of his narration, [ ii. 481].
Anecdote of, [ ii. 483].
Declines to join the second crusade undertaken by Louis IX., [iii. 25].
Jordan, waters of the, [ i. 21].
Josselin de Courtenay, family of, [ i. 282].
Defeated and taken prisoner, [ i. 283].
His release, [ i. 285].
Notices of, [ i. 295], [ i. 296].
As count of Edessa he supports the election of Baldwin du Bourg to the kingdom of Jerusalem, [ib.]
Made prisoner by the Turks, [ i. 296].
His escape, [ i. 297].
Death of, [ i. 320].
——, son of the preceding, succeeds to the county of Edessa, [ i. 321].
Loses Edessa, [ i. 324].
Dies a prisoner at Aleppo, [ i. 379].
—— de Montmorency slain, [ i. 481].
Josseraut de Brançon, bravery of, [ ii. 416].
His death, ib.
Jourdain, M., his letter on the “Assassins” of Syria, [iii. 413].
On the crusade of children in 1212, [iii. 441].
Judæa, the promised land, [ i. 1].
See [Palestine].
Judicial combat in the middle ages, [iii. 313].
Julian, emperor, undertakes to rebuild the temple, [ i. 2].
——, cardinal, preaches in favour of a fresh crusade, [iii. 137], [iii. 139].
Is slain, [iii. 143].
Julius II., his speech at the council of Lateran, [iii. 201].
Jurieu, the Reformer, considers the Turks as auxiliaries to the Protestants, [iii. 246].
Justice, administration of, in Europe during the middle ages, [iii. 311] et seq.
K.
Karacoush, minister of Saladin, [ i. 456] n.
Karaites, khan of the, [ ii. 318].
Kelaoun, the sultan of Cairo, [iii. 65].
Concludes a truce with the Christians of Ptolemaïs, [iii. 66].
Enters into treaties with European princes, [iii. 67] and n.
Captures and destroys Tripoli, [iii. 69].
His death, [iii. 76].
Kerbogha, sultan of Mossoul, his siege of Antioch, [ i. 158] et seq.
His haughty reply to the deputies of the Crusaders, [ i. 168].
Defeated, [ i. 173], [ i. 174].
His magnificent encampment, [ i. 175].
Defeats the Crusaders, [ i. 252], [ i. 253].
Ketboga, the Mogul chief, [iii. 6].
Slain, [iii. 7].
Khedhrewis, a class of Ismaëlians, [iii. 428].
Khothbeh, a sermon made at Jerusalem after its capture by Saladin, [iii. 376].
Kilidj-Arslan, the Turkish chief, [ i. 97], [ i. 100], [ i. 106].
His bravery before Antioch, [ i. 173].
Defeats the Crusaders, [ i. 252], [ i. 253].
Knighthood of learning conferred during the middle ages, [iii. 339].
Knights in the army of Peter the Hermit, [ i. 64] n.
—— of chivalry engage in the crusades, [ i. 55].
Called “The Champions of God and of Beauty,” [ib.]
Spirit and devotedness of the, [iii. 295], 296.
Their deference to the fair sex, [iii. 297].
Knowledge, state of, during the period of the crusades, [iii. 337] et seq.
Koran, doctrines of the, [iii. 346].
Koutouz elected sultan of Egypt, [iii. 5].
Assassinated by Bibars, [iii. 7].
L.
Ladislas, duke of Bohemia, [ i. 338].
Ladislaus, king of Poland and Hungary, engages in a fresh crusade, [iii. 137].
Is defeated and slain by Amurath, [iii. 142].
Lance, sacred, which pierced the side of the Redeemer, pretended discovery of the, [ i. 165], [ i. 166] and n.
Borne to battle by Raymond d’Agiles, [ i. 169], [ i. 170].
Doubts entertained of its miraculous influence, [ i. 176].
Offerings made to the, [ i. 192].
Langres, bishop of, his speech against the treachery of the Greeks, [ i. 349].
Lascaris chosen emperor of Constantinople, [ ii. 130].
His address to the Greeks, [ ib.]
Abandons the city, [ ii. 131].
Proclaimed emperor at Nice, [ ii. 156].
Lateran, council of, convoked by Julius II., [iii. 201].
By Leo X., [iii. 202].
By Pope Innocent III., [iii. 210].
Latins of the West, their hostility to the Greeks, and their hatred of the emperor Alexius, [ i. 89-92], [ i. 194].
Their violent disputes, [ ii. 113-115].
They capture Constantinople, [ ii. 131].
The Greeks rebel against their domination, [ ii. 165], [ ii. 166].
Decline of their empire in Greece, [ ii. 288].
Dispossessed of Constantinople, [iii. 10].
See Constantinople and Crusaders.
Laws, the administration of, during the middle ages, [iii. 311] et seq.
Lazar-houses, establishment of, [iii. 336].
Lazarus, St., order of, historical notices of, [iii. 298] and n.
Lebrun, Hugh, count of Angoulême, engages in the crusades, [ ii. 393].
Leibnitz, his ideas in favour of the crusades, [iii. 247].
Memoir of, addressed to Louis XIV. on the conquest of Egypt, [iii. 478-493] (App.).
Leo X., his exertions for reviving a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 202] et seq.
Allows the sale of indulgences, [iii. 210].
After the preaching of Luther, the crusades cease to engage his attention, [iii. 213].
The distinguished age of, [iii. 229].
—— Sguerre, conquests of, [ ii. 156].
Leopold, duke of Austria, his treatment by Richard I., [ i. 484].
His caustic reply to Richard, [ i. 490].
Detains him a prisoner in Austria, [ i. 507].
Lepanto, naval battle of, in which the Turks are signally defeated, [iii. 225].
Great rejoicings throughout Christendom, [iii. 226], [iii. 227].
Leprosy in the West, [ ii. 308].
Lethal, pilgrimage and fanaticism of, [ i. 28], 29 and n.
Lewenstein, virgin of, miraculous vision of the, [ i. 444].
Liberty, progress of, in England, [iii. 256-258].
Increasing spirit of, in Europe, during the crusades, [iii. 284-292].
Lion, curious anecdote of its docility, [ i. 180].
Lisbon taken from the Moors, [ i. 375].
L’Isle-Adam, grand master of the knights of St. John, [iii. 213].
Litbert, bishop of Cambray, his pilgrimage to the Holy Land, [ i. 29].
Literature, state of, during the period of the crusades, [iii. 333] et seq.
Litz, Martin, preaching of, [ ii. 44], [ ii. 45] and n.
His possession of relics and images, [ ii. 141], [ ii. 142].
Livre Tournois, explanation of, [ ii. 389].
Lombardy, confederacy in, [ ii. 269].
Louis II. of Hungary, slain by the Turks, [iii. 215].
—— VII. of France, resists the encroachments of the pope, [ i. 330].
Destroys Vitri, [ib.]
Repents, and determines on a crusade against the infidels, [ i. 331].
His measures for raising money to defray the expenses of the war, [ i. 345].
His devotion, [ i. 346].
Leaves France at the head of the Crusaders, [ib.]
Arrives at Constantinople, [ i. 349].
Marches through Phrygia, [ i. 353];
and defeats the Turks, [ib.]
Is surprised and defeated, [ i. 355].
Report of his death, [ib.]
His piety and determination, [ i. 357], [ i. 358].
Arrives at Antioch, with a part of his army, [ i. 360].
Repudiates his queen, Eleanor of Guienne, [ i. 362].
Leaves Antioch, and proceeds to Jerusalem, [ i. 363].
His unsuccessful military operations, [ i. 366] et seq.
Leaves Palestine, and returns to Europe, [ i. 378].
The unfortunate results of his crusade, [ i. 378] et seq.
He revokes his promise of revisiting the Holy Land, [ i. 379].
—— IX. (or St. Louis), his recovery from a dangerous malady, [ ii. 345] and n.
He determines on prosecuting a seventh crusade against the infidels of the Holy Land, [ ii. 346] et seq.
Makes extensive preparations, [ ii. 358] et seq.
Quits France, [ ii. 368];
and arrives at Cyprus, [ ii. 369].
Conciliates the Christian litigants, [ ii. 371], [ ii. 372].
Receives an embassy from the Tartar prince Ecalthai, [ ii. 373].
Arrives before Damietta, [ ii. 379].
His address, [ ii. 380].
His speech to the Crusaders, [ ii. 381].
Defeats the Mohammedan forces, [ ii. 382].
Captures Damietta, [ ii. 385].
His severe loss at the battle of Monsurah, [ ii. 408].
His continued contests with the Egyptians, [ ii. 413] et seq.
The sufferings of his army, [ ii. 413-422].
He attempts to regain Damietta, but is defeated, and surrenders as a prisoner, [ ii. 428].
Religious resignation of, [ ii. 433].
Enters into a treaty with Almoadan for his ransom, [ ii. 438], [ ii. 447].
Departs from Egypt, [ ii. 450].
Consternation throughout France at his capture, [ ii. 452].
His arrival at Ptolemaïs, [ ii. 453].
Deliberations and speeches of his knights respecting their future operations, [ ii. 455], [ ii. 456].
His negotiations with the Mohammedans of Egypt and Damascus, [ ii. 459].
Singular message to, from the “Old Man of the Mountain”, [ ii. 467].
He fortifies the cities of Palestine, [ ii. 470], [ ii. 474], [ ii. 476].
Negotiates a treaty with the emirs of Egypt, [ ii. 472].
Treaty violated, and hostilities resumed against him, [ ii. 474].
Anecdotes of his pious devotedness, [ ii. 476], [ ii. 479].
Quits Palestine, and arrives at Paris, [ ii. 478], [ ii. 480].
Reflections on his character and misfortunes, [ ii. 484] et seq.
He determines upon another crusade to the Holy Land, [iii. 23], [iii. 24].
The illustrious names who take the cross in his support, [iii. 25].
His extensive preparations, [iii. 27] et seq.
His expedition to the coast of Tunis, [iii. 38].
His illness and fervent devotion, [iii. 42-45].
His death, [iii. 46].
His virtues and piety, [iii. 54-56].
Letter of, on his captivity and deliverance, [iii. 458] (App.).
List of the great officers who followed him to Tunis, [iii. 465].
His death-bed instructions, [iii. 467].
Louis XIV. joins a Christian confederation against the Turks, [iii. 233], [iii. 234].
Memoir of Leibnitz, addressed to, on the conquest of Egypt, [iii. 478-493] (App.).
——, count of Chartres, engages in the fifth crusade, [ ii. 45].
Loyola, Ignatius, his pilgrimage to the Holy Land, [iii. 248].
Lulli, Raymond, preaches a fresh crusade, [iii. 103-106].
Lusignan. See [Guy de].
Luther, his preaching against indulgences and the crusades, [iii. 211].
Its important consequences, [iii. 212].
He preaches against the Turks, 220; but denounces a Christian crusade, [iii. 221-223].
Lyons, council of, [ ii. 335].
Determines on the seventh crusade, and excommunicates Frederick II. of Germany, [ ii. 338], [ ii. 341].
Council at, convoked by Gregory X., for reviving a new crusade, [iii. 59].
M.
Maarah, siege and capture of, [ i. 183-186].
Machines used at the siege of Jerusalem, [ i. 217-219].
Magi, worship of the, [ i. 4].
Annihilated by Mohammedanism, [ i. 5].
Magicians among the Saracens, [ i. 220] and n.
Magistracy in France during the middle ages, [iii. 319].
Mahomet, frenzy of his followers, [ i. xx].
Spread of his religion, [ i. 4], [ i. 5].
The empire of, [ i. 12].
New sectaries of, [ib.]
Principles of the religion of, [ i. 382].
See [Mohammedans].
—— II., his accession to the Ottoman throne, [iii. 143], [iii. 144].
His powerful empire, [iii. 144].
Besieges Constantinople, [iii. 148] et seq.
His fleet defeated, [iii. 149].
His extraordinary land fleet, [iii. 150].
Captures the city, [iii. 156].
Defeated at Belgrade, [iii. 167].
His extended conquests, [iii. 171], [iii. 174], [iii. 180], [iii. 184].
His negotiations with Pius II., [iii. 174].
He swears to annihilate Christianity, [iii. 180], [iii. 181].
Invades Hungary and different parts of Europe simultaneously, [iii. 187-189].
Defeated by the Hungarians, [ib.]
Death of, [iii. 191].
Divisions in his family, [ib.]
Mainfroy, of the house of Swabia, slain, [iii. 21].
Malek-Adel, brother of Saladin, [ i. 491].
Takes possession of Egypt, &c., [ i. 509].
His ambitious policy, [ ii. 5], [ ii. 71] n.
Opposes the Crusaders, [ ii. 16].
Defeated by the Christians before Berytus, [ ii. 18], [ ii. 19].
Renews hostilities, [ ii. 195].
The throne of Syria abdicated by, [ ii. 226].
His death and character, [ ii. 236].
Malek Saleh Negmeddin, sultan of Egypt, extent of his conquests, [ ii. 376], [ ii. 377].
His preparations for resisting the Crusaders under Louis IX., [ ii. 377].
Malek-Scha, conquests of, [ i. 32].
Court of, [ i. 34].
Malleville, assailed by the Crusaders, [ i. 64].
Malta, knights of St. John transferred to, [iii. 214].
Heroic defence of, against the Turks, [iii. 224].
Mamelukes, first established by Saladin, [ i. 402].
Their bravery, [ i. 459].
Their treachery, [ ii. 398].
Defeat the Crusaders, [ ii. 405].
Revolt against Almoadan, [ ii. 439], [ ii. 440].
The Syrians refuse to acknowledge their authority, [ ii. 459].
Their rise and fall, [ ii. 486].
They defeat and expel the Tartars from Palestine, [iii. 8].
Their victories against the Christians, [iii. 11] et seq.
Capture Tripoli, [iii. 69];
Ptolemaïs, [iii. 85];
and several other Christian cities, [iii. 89].
Mamouh, sultan of Persia, uncalculating policy of, in encouraging the Turks, [ i. 31].
Mansourah, sanguinary battle at, [ ii. 404] and n.
And death of many illustrious Crusaders, [ ii. 408].
Mantua, general assembly at, to incite resistance to the Turks, [iii. 172].
Manuel, emperor of Constantinople, visits France, [iii. 130].
Manufactures, progress of, during the middle ages, [iii. 328] et seq.
Marcel, treachery of, [ ii. 428].
Margarit, Admiral, sent to the defence of Tripoli, [ i. 453].
Margat, fort of, captured by the Mussulmans, [iii. 48].
Marguerite of Flanders, wife of Baldwin, death of, [ ii. 155].
—— of Provence, wife of Louis IX., [ ii. 369].
Her agonizing situation during the misfortunes of Louis, [ ii. 432].
“Market of the Franks” at Jerusalem, [ i. 11].
Markets of the Franks established, [ i. 16].
Maronites, sect of, [ i. 4].
Martel, Charles, victories of, [ i. 6].
Matthew of Edessa, the historian, [ i. 14] n., [ i. 147] n. et passim.
Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, [iii. 187].
Maudoud, prince of Mossoul, assassinated, [ i. 292].
Maximilian, emperor of Germany, letters of, [iii. 202].
Mecca, temple of, destroyed and rebuilt, [iii. 226].
Medicine, state of, and progress during the period of the crusades, [iii. 335], [iii. 336].
Mehallah, canal of, fatal to the Crusaders, [ ii. 420], [ ii. 425].
Melik-Kamel, the sultan of Cairo, [ ii. 226].
Conspiracy against, [ ii. 242].
His speech respecting the Crusaders, [ ii. 260].
Signs a treaty of peace, ib.
Enters into negotiations with Frederick II., emperor of Germany, [ ii. 273], [ ii. 276].
Concludes a treaty, [ ii. 278].
Death of, [ ii. 294].
Political contests thence arising, [ib.]
Melisende, queen of Jerusalem, [ i. 313], [ i. 315].
Memphis, solitude of, [ i. 21].
Mercœur, duke of, defeats the Turks, [iii. 231], [iii. 232].
Mersbourg, assailed by the Crusaders, [ i. 70], [ i. 71].
Described, [ i. 70] n.
Merwan II., cruelty of, [ i. 8].
Mesopotamia, entered by the Crusaders, [ i. 121].
Mezerai, the historian, [ ii. 484].
Michaud, M. Jourdain’s letters to, [iii. 413], [iii. 441].
Middle Age, reflections on the state of society from 1571 to 1685, [iii. 251] et seq.
Military orders of Christendom, [ i. 307-309].
Minerva, statue of, at Constantinople, destroyed, [ ii. 108].
Minieh, town of, [ ii. 427].
Miracles, pretended, [ i. 164], [ i. 165].
Modhaffer Abyverdy, his elegy on the taking of Jerusalem, [ i. 236].
Moguls, sovereign of the, his conquests, [ ii. 317] et seq.
Historical notices of, [ ii. 487].
They capture Bagdad, [iii. 4].
Their warlike operations against the Mussulmans, [iii. 5].
Take the principal cities of Syria, [ib.]
General terror of the, [iii. 6].
History and conquests of, under Tamerlane, [iii. 132], [iii. 133].
See [Tartars].
Mohammedanism, victorious career of, [ i. 33] et seq.
Not a religion of the sword, [iii. 15] n.
Triumph of, under Mahomet II., [iii. 158].
Its inferiority to Christianity, [iii. 346].
The two leading sects of, [iii. 413].
Evil principles of, [iii. 241].
[Mohammedans], conquests of the, [ i. 5] et seq.
Contests with the Crusaders before Antioch, [ i. 158] et seq.
Manners and characteristics of the, [ i. 183].
The cities of Palestine abandoned by the, [ i. 209].
Number slain at Jerusalem, [ i. 228].
Their despair on the conquest of Jerusalem by the Christians, [ i. 236], [ i. 237].
Sustain various defeats by Baldwin, king of Jerusalem, [ i. 277].
Their continued hostilities with the Christians in Palestine, Egypt, &c., [ i. 278-328].
Their prayers and exhortations against the Crusaders, [ i. 474].
Arouse themselves against the Crusaders, [ ii. 240].
Panic amongst the, [ ii. 242].
Propose conditions of peace, [ ii. 247], [ ii. 257].
Their alarm, [ ii. 251], [ ii. 252].
They burn the fleet of the Crusaders on the Nile, [ ii. 258];
and compel them to capitulate, [ ii. 260].
Defeated by the Carismians, [ ii. 330].
Political quarrel among the, [ ii. 376].
See [Saracens] and [Turks].
—— of Tunis encounter the Crusaders, [iii. 40].
Mohyeddin Almoury, the imaum, [iii. 63], [iii. 64].
Molahed, epithet of, explained, [iii. 419].
Monasteries founded during the middle ages, [ i. 22], [iii. 303], [iii. 304].
Montes Jovis, monastery of, [ i. 22].
Montferrat, marquis of, [ i. 338].
Visits the Holy Land, [ i. 452].
Montfort, Philip de, pays the ransom for Louis IX., [iii. 450].
Moors, expelled from Lisbon, [ i. 375].
Their contests and defeats in Spain, [ ii. 201], [ ii. 268].
Their expulsion, [iii. 243], [iii. 266], [iii. 375].
Morosini, Thomas, elected patriarch of Constantinople, [ ii. 151].
Moslems. See [Turks].
Mossoul, sultan of, attacks and defeats the Christians, [ i. 290], [ i. 291].
See [Kerbogha].
Mourzoufle, of Constantinople, stirs up insurrection against the Latins, [ ii. 111], [ ii. 112].
Insidious policy of, [ ii. 118].
Destroys Alexius, and ascends the throne, ib.
Treachery of, [ ii. 119].
His contests with the Latins, [ ii. 119-128].
Dethroned, [ ii. 129].
Captured and executed, [ ii. 157].
Music, rise of, in Italy, [iii. 333].
Mussulmans. See [Mohammedans], &c.
“Mysterium Baphometi Revelatum,” Raynouard’s notes upon, [iii. 494-500].
Mythology during the period of the crusades, [iii. 342].
N.
Naccaire, the name of a kettledrum, [ ii. 381].
Naples, conquered by Henry VI., [ ii. 20].
Invaded by the Turks, [ ii. 189].
Agitations of, [ ii. 192], [ ii. 193].
State of, during the age of the crusades, [iii. 263].
Naplouse, city of, pillaged, [ i. 291].
Decrees of the council of, [ i. 311] and n.
Acts of the council for reforming the Christians of Palestine, [iii. 367].
Nasr-allah, vizier of the sultan Afdhal, [ ii. 4] and n.
Natural history, knowledge of, increased during the crusades, [iii. 330].
Navigation, progress of, during and after the period of the crusades, [iii. 251], [iii. 321] et seq.
Codes of maritime rights established, [iii. 324].
Nazareth, bishop of, miracle imputed to, [ i. 319].
Captured by the Crusaders, [iii. 57].
Negmeddin, his negotiations with Louis IX., [ ii. 388].
Death of, [ ii. 397].
Nestorians, sect of, [ i. 4].
Neufmontier, abbey of, founded by Peter the Hermit, [ i. 247] n.
Nevers, count de, [ i. 341], [ i. 342].
Nezzarians, a sect of Ismaëlians, [iii. 420].
Nice, the capital of Bithynia, besieged, [ i. 99-105].
Sultan of, desolates the country, [ i. 112].
Nicea, possessed by the Mussulmans, [ i. 33].
The sultan of, defeats the Crusaders, [ i. 75].
Nicephoras Phocas heads the Greeks, and captures Antioch, [ i. 13].
His assassination, [ i. 14],[ i. 36].
Nicetas, his account of the sacking of Constantinople by the Latins, [ ii. 133-137].
His history of the contests between the Greeks and the Latins, [ ii. 174], [ ii. 175].
Fragment from, [iii. 435].
Nicholas IV., Pope, attempts to revive a fresh crusade against the East, [iii. 93].
Nicopolis, the modern name of Emmaüs, [ i. 201].
Nile, battles on the banks of the, [ ii. 243].
Mouth of, filled with heaps of stones, [ ii. 485].
Nissa assailed by the Crusaders, [ i. 65], [ i. 66].
Nobility, historical notices of, [iii. 278] et seq.
Normans join in the crusades, [ i. 82].
Northampton, a council held at, for aiding the second crusade of Louis IX., [iii. 29].
Nosaïris, sect of the, [iii. 428].
Noureddin, son of Zenguis, and sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, defeats and slaughters the Christians of Edessa, [ i. 326], [ i. 327].
Threatens Jerusalem, [ i. 328].
Extensive power of, [ i. 361], [ i. 396].
His conquests, [ i. 379].
Heroic character and benevolent sentiments of, [ i. 383-385].
His warlike preparations against Egypt, [ i. 389].
Conquers Egypt, and deposes the caliph, [ i. 396].
His death, [ i. 399].
Novagero, his eulogies on Leo X., [iii. 204].
O.
Octaï, khan of the Tartars, [ ii. 321].
His extensive conquests, [ ii. 322].
——, chief of the Mamelukes, anecdote of, [ ii. 442].
Oderic Vital, the chronicler, [ i. 41] n., [ i. 82], [ i. 250] n. et passim.
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, [ i. 83].
Odoacer, marquis of Syria, [ i. 338].
“Old Man of the Mountain,” [ i. 304-306].
His singular message to Louis IX., [ ii. 467].
Visit to the court of, [ ii. 468].
Origin and history of his party, [iii. 413] et seq. (App.).
Curious letter of, [iii. 434].
Oleron, rolls of, established, [iii. 324].
Olives, Mount of, [ i. 21], [ i. 214].
Olivia, bishop of Paderborn, [ ii. 233] and n.
Omar, Caliph, captures Jerusalem, [ i. 6].
Mosque of, wealth found in the, [ i. 224], [ i. 229].
Ommiades, dynasty of the, [ i. 8]; [iii. 414].
Ordeal by fire, [ i. 193].
Ordeals during the middle ages, [iii. 312].
Ores, explanation of, [ ii. 404].
Oriflamme, or royal standard, [ i. 354].
Orpin, count of Bourges, [ i. 249].
Ortock, the Turkish general, conquests of, [ i. 33].
Otho of Savoy, excommunicated, [ ii. 209].
Makes war against the pope, [ ii. 209].
Otranto, captured by the Turks, [iii. 189].
Abandoned, [iii. 191].
Otto of Frisingen, [ i. 352].
Ottoman Port, her treaties with France, [iii. 488].
Ottoman empire, its origin and history, [iii. 120] et seq.
Ottomans, defeated by Tamerlane the Tartar, [iii. 132], [iii. 133].
Reconquer the provinces overrun by Tamerlane, [iii. 133], [iii. 134].
Their power under Mahomet II., [iii. 144].
Capture Constantinople, and overturn the Greek empire, [iii. 156].
See [Turks].
Oulagon, commander of the Moguls, [iii. 4], 6.
Outtreman, the Jesuit, [ i. 41] n.
Ozellis, valley of, in Phrygia, [ i. 106] and n.
Battle of, [ i. 107-111].
P.
Paganism annihilated by Mohammedanism, [ i. 5].
State of in the thirteenth century, [ i. 219]; [ ii. 218-223].
Paladins, the order of, [iii. 294].
Palæologus, Michael, his troops recapture Constantinople, [iii. 10].
——, John, emperor of Constantinople, his vacillating policy, [iii. 123].
——, Constantine, character of, [iii. 144], [iii. 156] n.
Prepares for the defence of Constantinople, and appeals in vain to western Europe for aid, [iii. 145].
His great efforts, [iii. 151], [iii. 154].
His death, [iii. 156].
——, Andrew, sells his claims to the empire of the East, [iii. 194].
[Palestine], visited by the early Christians, [ i. 2].
The Crusaders march through the country of, [ i. 196] et seq.
State of, at the period of the crusades, [ i. 265], [ i. 266].
Ravaged by the infidels, devastated by locusts, and visited by an earthquake, [ i. 291].
Continued hostilities in, [ i. 292-328].
Victories of Saladin in, [ i. 425].
Its capital, Jerusalem, taken from the Christians, [ i. 429].
Ceded to Henry, count of Champagne, [ i. 501].
——, governed by the successors of Saladin, [ ii. 3] n.
Civil contests in, previous to the fourth crusade, [ ii. 4-7].
Agitated and discordant state of, [ ii. 4-7], [ ii. 189], [ ii. 192], [ ii. 194], [ ii. 293], [ ii. 294].
Earthquake and famine in, 189. State of, at the time of the sixth crusade, [ ii. 225].
Oppressions of the Christians of, [ ii. 265].
No longer considered a place of blessedness, but of exile, [ ii. 300], [ ii. 301].
Subdued by the Carismians and Egyptians, [ ii. 330].
Distress of the Christians of, [ ii. 334].
Cities of, fortified by Louis IX., [ ii. 470], [ ii. 474].
——, on the Christian cities fortified by Louis IX., [iii. 1].
Quarrels among the Christians of, [iii. 2], [iii. 3].
Among the Saracens, [iii. 3].
Alarm of the Christians at the power of the Moguls, [iii. 6].
Increasing difficulties of, [iii. 11] et seq.
The Christians defeated, and the country laid waste, [ib.]
Divisions among the Christians, and conquests of the Mamelukes, [iii. 69], [iii. 85], [iii. 89].
Destruction of all the Christian cities along the coast of, [iii. 89].
Renewed persecutions of the Christians, [iii. 109].
Subjected to the absolute domination of the Turks, [iii. 202].
Acts of the council of Naplouse, for reforming the Christians in, [iii. 367] (App.).
Pancratius, an Armenian prince, joins the Crusaders, [ i. 120].
Paphlagouin, the Crusaders pass through, [ i. 251].
Papyrus Masson, [ i. 250].
Paris, council of, held in 1188; decree of the, for providing Saladin tenths, [iii. 384] (App.).
“Pastors,” the name given to certain Crusaders, [ ii. 462].
Paul II., Pope, instigates the crusade against the Turks, [iii. 179].
Death of, [iii. 182].
Paultre, M., memoir of, on the Forest of Saron, [iii. 388] (App.).
Pelagius, Cardinal, instigates the prosecution of the sixth crusade, and proceeds to Egypt, [ ii. 239].
His obstinacy in carrying on the war in Egypt, [ ii. 256], [ ii. 257].
Negotiates for peace, [ ii. 259].
Persia, empire of, torn by intestine wars, [ i. 4].
Sends an immense army against the Crusaders, [ i. 157], [ i. 158];
which marches against the Turks, [iii. 182];
and is destroyed, [iii. 183].
Sends an embassy to the princes of the West, [iii. 231].
Peter the Hermit, character of, [ i. 40].
His pilgrimage to Jerusalem, [ i. 41], [ i. 42].
His different appellations, [ i. 41] n.
His visit to Pope Urban II., [ i. 42].
His interview with the patriarch of Jerusalem, and his enthusiasm, [ib.]
Traverses all Europe to arouse the Christians against the infidels, [ i. 43].
Attends the council of Clermont, [ i. 48].
His inciting speech, [ib.]
Chosen general of the crusade, [ i. 61].
Introduced to Alexis Comnenus, at Constantinople, [ i. 68].
Loses his authority, [ i. 75].
Wretched situation of the remains of Peter’s army, [ i. 96].
Deserts the camp of the Crusaders, and is retaken, [ i. 135].
Sent to treat with the Saracen leaders, [ i. 165].
His speech, [ib.]
Arouses the enthusiasm of the Christian army by his address, [ i. 215].
Returns to his own country after the conquest of Jerusalem, [ i. 247].
Death of, [ib.] n.
—— of Lusignan, king of Cyprus, proposes a fresh crusade, [iii. 113] et seq.
—— of Blois preaches the crusade, [ i. 442] and n.
—— de Salviac, notices of, [ i. 246].
Petrarch, an apostle of the holy war, [iii. 110].
Pharamia, captured by Baldwin, [ i. 293].
Pharescour, insurrection of the Mamelukes at, [ ii. 440].
Philip I., king of France, excommunicated, [ i. 47].
State of his kingdom, [ i. 79], [ i. 80].
—— Augustus, king of France, determines on renewing the holy war, [ i. 438].
His quarrels with the king of England, [ i. 440].
Arrives at Palestine, [ i. 473].
Quits Palestine, and returns to France, [ i. 485].
His quarrel with Pope Innocent III., [ ii. 42].
Largely contributes to the sixth crusade, [ ii. 207].
Death of, [ ii. 264].
—— III., son of Louis IX., [iii. 42], [iii. 47].
Returns to France, with the dead bodies of his father, wife, and brother, [iii. 53].
—— le Bel of France, takes the cross, [iii. 100].
His death, [ib.]
—— le Long of France, [iii. 100].
His death, [iii. 102].
——, duke of Burgundy, assembles his nobility at Lille, [iii. 169].
Curious festival held, and the enthusiasm of his nobility in favour of a fresh crusade, [iii. 160], [iii. 161].
—— of Swabia, his address to the French barons, [ ii. 68].
——, count of Flanders, [ i. 402]. Slain, [ i. 481].
—— of Valois convokes an assembly at Paris for reviving a fresh crusade, [iii. 107].
Compelled to renounce his intentions, [iii. 110].
Death of, [iii. 112].
Philosophy of the ancients brought from Constantinople, [iii. 338].
Phirous betrays the city of Antioch to the Crusaders, [ i. 147-157].
Murders his brother, [ i. 153].
Phœnicia, the Crusaders pass through, [ i. 196].
Richness of, [ib.]
Phrygia, the country desolated by the sultan of Nice, [ i. 112].
Physicians, ignorance of, during the middle ages, [iii. 336].
Pierre de Dreux engages in the holy war, [ ii. 216].
Pigeons, letters conveyed by, [ i. 182] and n.
Pilgrimages, ardour for, to the Holy Land, [ i. 1], 2.
Interrupted by the Goths, &c., [ i. 3].
Undertaken by St. Arculphus, St. Antoninus, and Peter the Hermit, [ i. 7].
By St. Bernard, [ i. 10].
During the eleventh century, [ i. 20] et seq.
They assume the character of an armed crusade, [ i. 54].
Number of, on the termination of the crusades, [iii. 248], [iii. 349] et seq. (App.).
Pilgrimages of penance by distinguished personages to the Holy Land, &c., [ i. 24-31].
Pilgrims, hospitals built for the reception of, [ i. 22], 23.
Kind treatment of, [ i. 23].
Arrival of, at Jerusalem, [ i. 269].
Buy off their vows, [ ii. 298].
Pisans, conquests of the, [ i. 40].
Aid the Crusaders by their fleets, [ i. 145], [ i. 286].
[Pius II.], Pope, exhorts the Christian states to a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 172].
Convokes an assembly at Mantua, [ib.]
His negotiations with Mahomet II., [iii. 173], [iii. 174].
His zealous endeavours to resist the advance of the Turks, [iii. 174] et seq.
Engages in the crusade, [iii. 178];
and dies at Ancona, [iii. 179].
Plague in Egypt, [ ii. 187].
Plaisance, papal council at, [ i. 44].
Poictiers, count of, his capture and release, [ ii. 415], [ ii. 416].
Poitevins, their severe conflicts with the Saracens, [ ii. 415], [ ii. 416].
Pons, abbot of Vézelai, preaches in favour of the second crusade, [ i. 335].
—— de Balasu, death and character of, [ i. 190].
Popedom, contests for the, [ i. 84]; [iii. 125].
Popelicains, religious principles of the, [ ii. 197].
Popes, increase of their power during the progress of Christianity, [ i. 39].
Their political pretensions and quarrels, [ ii. 302], [ ii. 303], [ ii. 306], [ ii. 342], [ ii. 353]; [iii. 20], [iii. 268].
Their domination during the age of the crusades, [iii. 268] et seq.
See [Rome].
Portugal submits to Alphonso, [ i. 375].
The sultan of Egypt’s expedition against, [iii. 199].
Pourcelet, Wm., his heroic self-sacrifice, [ i. 489].
Prester John, notices of, [ ii. 318].
Printing, instrumental in preserving the literary treasures of the East, [iii. 338].
Prodigies, miraculous, seen at Antioch, [ i. 173], [ i. 183].
Provençalex, origin of the name, [ i. 94] n.
Provisions, scarcity and dearness of, [ i. 134] and n.
Prudhommes, maritime code drawn up by the, [iii. 324].
Prussia, paganism of, in the thirteenth century, [ ii. 218].
Manners and customs of the inhabitants, [ ii. 219], [ ii. 220].
Their religious belief, and festivals, [ ii. 221], [ ii. 222].
Subdued and converted by the Holy See, [ ii. 223].
Reflections on the papal crusade against, [ ii. 309].
Funeral ceremonies of, [iii. 455] (App.).
Ptolemaïs, the Crusaders march through the country of, [ i. 199].
Deceit of the emir of, [ i. 200].
Besieged and captured by Baldwin, [ i. 286].
Captured by Saladin, [ i. 425].
Description of, [ i. 454]; [iii. 70], [iii. 71].
Besieged by Guy de Lusignan, who is opposed by Saladin, [ i. 454] et seq.
Retaken by the Christians, [ i. 481].
Hostilities at, commenced by the Christians, [ ii. 16].
Possessed by John of Brienne, [ ii. 196].
Arrival of the sixth crusade at, [ ii. 224];
of Frederick of Germany, [ ii. 275].
The commercial capital of Palestine, [iii. 1].
Discords between the Venetian and Genoese residents of, [iii. 2].
Quarrels between the Mussulmans and the Christians of, [iii. 73], [iii. 74].
Besieged by the sultan of Cairo, [iii. 76] et seq.
Dissensions among the citizens, [iii. 80].
After many sanguinary contests the city is captured and destroyed, [iii. 85] et seq.
Puy, bishop of, named as the apostolic legate, [ i. 53].
Death of, [ i. 179].
Puyset, castle of, [ i. 313] n.
Q.
Quinze-Vingts, hospital of, [ ii. 487].
R.
Radnor, the lord of, anecdote of, [iii. 408] (App.).
Ralph of Coggershall, his “Chronicon Anglicanum,” [iii. 395].
Ramla, city of, besieged and captured by the Saracens, [ i. 280].
Raoul de Caen, the historian, [ i. 86] n., [ i. 163], [ i. 192], et passim.
—— de Coucy, slain, [ ii. 408].
Ravendel, capture of, [ i. 121].
Raymond, count of Thoulouse, engages in the first crusade, [ i. 52].
Marches at the head of 100,000 Crusaders, [ i. 88].
Defeats the Turks in Phrygia, [ i. 111].
Miraculous recovery from illness, [ i. 115].
Enters Jerusalem by storm, [ i. 223].
Returns to Constantinople, and receives from the emperor the city of Laodicea, [ i. 246].
Revisits Jerusalem as a pilgrim, [ i. 269].
Appointed regent of Jerusalem, [ i. 407].
His speech against Saladin, [ i. 417], [ i. 418].
Suspected of treachery, [ i. 419], [ i. 422] n.
Death of, [ i. 423].
——, the last count of Thoulouse, character and death, [ ii. 394], [ ii. 395].
——, count de St. Gilles, one of the leaders of the crusades, [ i. 87], [ i. 251], [ i. 252].
His quarrel with Godfrey, [ i. 244].
—— of Poictiers, appointed governor of Antioch, [ i. 312].
His interest in the crusades, [ i. 361].
Is slain, [ i. 379].
—— d’Agiles, the historian, [ i. 88] n., [ i. 190], et passim.
Raynouard, M., his notes on Hammer’s “Mysterium Baphometi Revelatum”, [iii. 494-500].
Redemption, mystery of the, celebrated at Jerusalem, [ i. 24].
Reformation, first dawnings of the, in Europe, [ ii. 196], [ ii. 197].
The Turkish hostilities favourable to its principles, [iii. 246].
Relics, veneration for, among the Crusaders, [ ii. 141], [ ii. 142].
Religion, sanguinary wars in the name of, [ ii. 310].
Despotic principles of, noticed, [ ii. 111], [ ii. 241] and n.
Mingled with the institutions of the middle age, [ ii. 111], [ ii. 295], [ ii. 299].
Renaud de Chatillon, biographical notices of, [ i. 403].
Raised by marriage to the throne of Antioch, [ib.]
Makes war on the emperor of Constantinople, [ i. 404].
Defeats the Saracens, [ib.]
His various military adventures, [ i. 404-415].
Taken prisoner by Saladin, [ i. 422].
Put to death, [ i. 424].
Renaudot, M., his description of the Greek fire, [iii. 387] (App.).
Rephraim, valley of, [ i. 213].
Reslans, family of the, [iii. 428].
Resurrection, church of the, [ i. 1].
Rhamnus, the shrub, [ i. 212].
Rhodes, defended by the knights of St. John, [iii. 185].
Besieged by the Turks, [iii. 188], [iii. 189].
Captured, [iii. 213].
Richard I., king of England, his quarrels with the king of France, [ i. 440], [ i. 441].
Prepares for the holy war, [ i. 441] et seq.
Captures Cyprus, [ i. 475].
Married to Berengaria of Navarre, [ i. 476].
His arrival before the walls of Ptolemaïs, and his quarrels with Philip of France, [ i. 476], [ i. 477].
Defeats Saladin at Arsur, [ i. 487], [ i. 488].
Surprised by the Mussulmans, [ i. 489].
Rebuilds Ascalon, and negotiates with Saladin, [ i. 491], [ i. 499].
Marches on Jerusalem, [ i. 492].
Retreats, [ i. 497].
His personal exploits, [ i. 498].
His interview with Aboubeker, [ i. 498] n.
Enters into a treaty of peace with Saladin, [ i. 500], [ i. 501].
Character of, 504; [iii. 257].
Detained as a prisoner in Austria and Germany, [ i. 507].
Returns to England, [ i. 508].
Death of, [ ii. 42].
Anecdote of, [ ii. 43] n.
His adventures in the Holy Land, and his contests with Saladin, [iii. 395] et seq. (App.).
Account of his imprisonment in Germany, [iii. 405] et seq.
Richard, duke of Cornwall, joins the Crusaders at Ptolemaïs, [ ii. 295].
Returns to Italy, [ ii. 296].
——, prince of Salerno, [ i. 86].
Rinaldo, a leader of the Crusaders, [ i. 74] and n.
Rion de Loheac, notices of, [ i. 245] n.
Robert, king of Scotland, pilgrimage of, [ i. 21].
——, duke of Normandy, father of William the Conqueror, undertakes a penitential pilgrimage, [ i. 27].
Dies, [ i. 28].
——, son of William the Conqueror, a leader of the Crusaders, [ i. 82].
Defeats the Turks in Phrygia, [ i. 111].
Returns home, and dies in prison, [ i. 248].
Historical notices of, [iii. 357] (App.).
——, count of Flanders, a leader of the Crusaders, [ i. 83].
Surnamed “The Lance and the Sword,” [ib.]
Returns to his own country, and is killed by a fall from his horse, [ i. 247] and n.
——, count of Paris, [ i. 83].
His reception by Alexius of Constantinople, [ i. 94].
Mortally wounded, [ i. 108].
—— de Vair, slain, [ ii. 408].
—— de Trils, death of, [ ii. 165].
—— le Frison, count of Flanders, penitential pilgrimage of, [ i. 27].
Anecdote of his son, [ i. 56] n.
Robert the Monk, the chronicler, [ i. 49] n.
Rodolphe, chancellor of Jerusalem, [ i. 328].
—— de Rhenfield, duke of Swabia, [ i. 76].
Romances during the period of the middle ages, [iii. 342-344].
Romanus-Diogenes, death of, [ i. 36].
Rome, early pilgrimages to, [ i. 21].
A second time the capital of the world, [ i. 39].
Besieged by Frederick II., emperor of Germany, [ ii. 293].
Agitated state and desolation of, [ ii. 296].
Its alarm at the threatened invasions of the Turks, [iii. 189].
Possessed by the French, [iii. 194].
See [Popes].
Rosnay, prior of, [ ii. 409].
Rossi, his speech to the Crusaders, [ ii. 84].
Rousseau, J. J., his remarks on the Crusaders, [ ii. 36].
S.
Saadi, the Persian poet, [ ii. 189] and n.
Sabeans, sect of, [ i. 4].
Sadoletus, his eloquent exhortation in favour of a crusade against the Turks, [iii. 206].
St. Ambrose, pretended revelation of, [ i. 164].
St. Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux, incites the nations of Christendom to the second crusade, [ i. 329] et seq.
Miracles imputed to, [ i. 339] and n.
His great influence, [ i. 343].
Reproaches against, for the misfortunes of the Crusaders, [ i. 376], [ i. 377].
His death and character, [ i. 380], [ i. 381].
——, monastery of, [ i. 22] n.
St. Clair, virgins of, self-mutilated and slaughtered, [iii. 86] n.
St. Dominic, order of, its origin, [iii. 304].
St. Eusebius, his pilgrimage to the Holy Land, [iii. 350].
St. Francis, order of, its origin, [iii. 304].
St. George, his miraculous appearance to the Christian army, [ i. 221].
St. Jerome, his pilgrimage to the Holy Land, [iii. 350].
St. John, knights of, [ i. 281], [ i. 307].
Heroic devotion of the, [ i. 308].
Their noble reply to Mahomet II., [iii. 186].
Their bravery in the defence of Rhodes, [iii. 188], [iii. 189].
Driven from Rhodes, 213. Transferred to Malta, [iii. 214].
Their brave defence of Malta, [iii. 224].
St. Kenelmus, miracles attributed to, [iii. 409].
St. Martin, the patron saint of Germany, [ ii. 31], [ ii. 32] and n.
St. Paulina, her pilgrimage to the Holy Land, [iii. 350].
St. Simeon, port of, [ i. 140].
Saladin, genius and fortunes of, [ i. xx].
Account of, [ i. 397] and n.
Appointed vizier of Egypt, [ib.]
His character, [ i. 398].
His wars with the Christians of Syria, [ i. 401], [ i. 402] et seq., [ i. 417] et seq.
Defeats the Christians at Tiberias, [ i. 418-423].
His barbarous executions of the Christian knights, [ i. 424].
His further victories, and capture of numerous cities in Palestine, [ i. 425] et seq.
Besieges and captures Jerusalem, [ i. 426], [ i. 429], [ i. 432].
His victorious career, [ i. 451] et seq.
Defeats the Crusaders at Ptolemaïs, [ i. 460], [ i. 466].
His conflicts with Richard I. and Philip of France, [ i. 478].
Is defeated by Richard at Arsur, [ i. 487], [ i. 488].
Destroys Ascalon by fire, [ i. 490].
Negotiates with Richard, [ i. 491], [ i. 499].
Enters into a treaty of peace, [ i. 500], [ i. 501].
Character of, [ i. 504], [ i. 505] and n.
His death, [ i. 508].
Dissolution of his empire, [ i. 509].
His dominions divided among his successors, [ ii. 2], [ ii. 3] and n.
The civil wars thence arising, [ ii. 4] et seq.
——, letter of, detailing his conquest of Jerusalem, [iii. 372] (App.).
Sermon made on the occasion, [iii. 376].
His contests with Richard I., [iii. 395] et seq., [iii. 405].
—— tenths, decree of the council of Paris for raising the, [iii. 384] (App.).
Salisbury, earl of, engages in the seventh crusade, [ ii. 360]. Slain, [ ii. 408].
——, William of, joins Louis IX., [ ii. 379].
Samosata, city of, [ i. 123].
Saracens, their fanaticism and bravery, [ i. 5].
Their conquests, [ i. 5], [ i. 6].
Capture Jerusalem, [ i. 6].
Defeated by Zimisces, [ i. 15].
Hostile spirit against the, [ i. 17].
Their contests with the Crusaders before Antioch, [ i. 158] et seq.
Reply of their general to the deputies of the Crusaders, [ i. 168].
Their order of battle before Antioch, [ i. 170].
Defeated by the Crusaders, [ i. 173], [ i. 174].
Insults to the Christian army before Jerusalem, [ i. 214].
Their preparations for resistance, [ i. 215], [ i. 216].
Advance from Cairo, [ i. 237];
and are defeated with great slaughter on the plain of Ascalon, [ i. 240-242].
Defeat the Christians, [ i. 291].
Their dynasty almost annihilated, [ i. 382].
Defeat the Christians at Tiberias with immense slaughter, [ i. 418-423].
Saracens, defeated by the Crusaders, [ ii. 18], 29.
Attacked by Louis IX., [ ii. 383];
and defeated, [ ii. 403].
Their severe conflicts with Louis, [ ii. 413] et seq.
Everywhere victorious, [ ii. 424] et seq.
Capture the king, [ ii. 428];
and annihilate his army, [ ii. 429] et seq.
——, divisions among the, [iii. 3].
Letter from Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, and others, detailing their victories over them, [iii. 362-364] (App.).
Letter from St. Louis respecting them, [iii. 461].
Defeated by Edward I. of England, [iii. 472].
See [Mohammedans].
—— of Africa, invaded by the Christian forces, [iii. 117].
Sarepta, taken by the Crusaders, [ i. 288].
Saron, forest of, memoir on the, [iii. 388] (App.).
Satalia, pillaged by the Christian forces, [iii. 183].
Sauria, in Phrygia, miseries of the Crusaders in, [ i. 113].
Scanderberg of Albania defeats the Turks, [iii. 178].
Death of, [iii. 180].
Scharmesah, in Egypt, captured by the Crusaders, [ ii. 397].
Sclaves, notices of the, [ i. 374].
Scete, solitude of, [ i. 21].
Scurvy, disease of, among the Crusaders, [ ii. 418] n.
Sefed, besieged and captured by the Mamelukes, [iii. 13], [iii. 14].
The inhabitants slaughtered, [iii. 15].
Seldjouc, Turkish dynasty of the, [ i. 31], [ i. 32].
Tribes of, [ i. 34].
Their military ardour, [ i. 34], [ i. 35].
Dynasty of, almost annihilated, [ i. 382].
Selim ascends the Ottoman throne, [iii. 201].
His warlike disposition, [iii. 202].
Conquers the king of Persia and the sultan of Egypt, [ib.]
Succeeded by Soliman, [iii. 213].
Selim II. ascends the Ottoman throne, [iii. 225].
Semlin, assailed by the Crusaders, [ i. 64].
Senna, brought from Asia, [iii. 336].
Sepulchre. See [Holy Sepulchre].
Serfage, under the feudal system, [iii. 283], [iii. 284], [iii. 289] et seq.
Sergines, bravery of, [ ii. 426].
Serpents of the river Eleuctra, [ i. 198].
Various names of, [ i. 199] n.
Sextus IV. implores the aid of Christian Europe against the Turks, [iii. 189].
Sibila, city of, captured and burnt, [ i. 40] and n.
Sibylla, daughter of King Amaury, and wife of Guy de Lusignan, ambition of, [ i. 413].
Death of, [ i. 470].
Sicilian vespers, [iii. 66].
Sicily, conquered by Henry VI., [ ii. 20].
Crown of, granted by the pope to Charles, count of Anjou, [iii. 21].
Discontents and revolts in, [iii. 66].
Sidon surrenders to the Christians, [ i. 289].
Captured by the Mohammedans, [ ii. 392].
Surprised by the Turcomans, who slaughter the Christians, [ ii. 474].
Fortified by Louis IX., [ ii. 476].
Captured and destroyed by the Saracens, [iii. 66].
Sigismund of Hungary, defeated by Bajazet, [iii. 128].
Sigur, prince of Norway arrives at Jerusalem, with large forces to assist Baldwin, [ i. 289].
Silk of the East, [ i. 11].
Manufacture of, during the middle ages, [iii. 328], [iii. 329].
Siloë, fountain of, [ i. 10], [ i. 209].
Simeon, patriarch of Jerusalem, [ i. 42].
Sins to be expiated by visiting the Holy Land, [ ii. 191].
Sirvente, a poem of the Troubadours, [iii. 19], [iii. 20] n.
Smyrna, pillaged by the Christian forces, [iii. 103].
Captured and destroyed by Bajazet, [iii. 133].
Sobieski, king of Poland, defeats the Turks at Vienna, [iii. 235].
Soliman, the Turkish chief, extensive conquests of, [ i. 33].
——, the Ottoman sultan, takes possession of Belgrade and Rhodes, [iii. 213].
Invades Hungary, and defeats the Hungarians, [iii. 214], [iii. 215].
Besieges Vienna, [iii. 217].
Death of, [iii. 224].
Soneidanis, a class of Ismaëlians, [iii. 428].
Sophronius, patriarch, death of, [ i. 6].
Sophia, victory of, [iii. 137], [iii. 139].
Souliers, family of the, [ i. 41] n.
Spain, crusades in, [ i. 375].
War with the Saracens and Moors, [ ii. 201], [ ii. 268].
Emancipated from Moorish domination, [iii. 243].
State of, and changes in, during the age of the crusades, [iii. 264] et seq.
Expels the Moors, [iii. 266];
and establishes the Inquisition, [iii. 267].
Increase of liberty in, [iii. 285].
Spies, Turkish, barbarous treatment of, [ i. 137].
Statuary destroyed at Constantinople by the Latins, [iii. 438-440].
Stellion, serpent so named, [ i. 199].
Stephen, duke of Burgundy, slain at Ramla, [ i. 282].
——, count of Blois, a leader of the Crusaders, [ i. 83].
Letter of, [ i. 95].
——, count of Chartres, slain at Ramla, [ i. 282].
—— de Salviac, notices of, [ i. 246].
Sugar, introduced into Europe during the middle ages, [iii. 330].
Suger, prime minister of France, styled the “father of his country”, [ i. 376].
Death of, and character, [ i. 380], [ i. 381].
——, Abbot, [ i. 330].
His advice to Louis VII., [ i. 341].
Sunnites, Mohammedan sect of the, [iii. 413].
Surnames, on the origin of, [ ii. 282].
Swabia, royal family of, nearly extinct, [iii. 21].
Sweno, king of Denmark, a leader of the Crusaders, [ i. 133].
Slain, [ i. 154] and n.
Syria, the cities and territories of, [ i. 126].
The Crusaders enter, [ i. 127].
Conquests in, by the Crusaders, [ i. 183] et seq.
Invade Egypt, [ i. 390] et seq.
Political state of, at the sixth crusade, [ ii. 226].
Possessed by the Egyptians and Carismians, [ ii. 331].
By the sultan of Egypt, [ ii. 377].
Principal cities captured by the Moguls, [iii. 5].
Towns of, destroyed by the Crusaders, [iii. 119].
Overrun by Tamerlane, [iii. 132].
Geographical details respecting, [iii. 485] (App.).
See [Palestine].
T.
Tabor, Mount, churches built on, [ i. 1].
Described, [ ii. 227].
Attacked by the Crusaders, [ib.]
Tamerlane, history and extensive conquests of, [iii. 132], [iii. 133].
Defeats Bajazet at Ancyra, [iii. 133].
Tancred “the Brave,” character of, [ i. 86], [ i. 87].
His inflexible virtue, [ i. 96].
Hostile encounter with Baldwin, [ i. 118], [ i. 119].
“Tower of”, [ i. 217] and n.
Enters Jerusalem by storm, [ i. 222].
Takes possession of Tiberias and various other cities, [ i. 267].
Attacked by the sultan of Damascus, who is defeated by Godfrey, [ i. 273].
His quarrel with Baldwin, [ i. 276], [ i. 277].
His death and character, [ i. 290].
Tarenta, remedy for the bite of a, [ i. 199] n.
Tarentum, principality of, [ i. 85].
Tarsus, city of, [ i. 116].
Disputes among the leaders of the Crusaders at, [ i. 117].
Taken possession of by Baldwin, [ i. 118].
Tartars, invasions of the, [ i. 255]; [ ii. 265].
Defeat the Latins, [ ii. 166], [ ii. 167].
Their manners and customs, [ ii. 313].
History and conquests of, [ ii. 316] et seq., [ ii. 322], [ ii. 487]; [iii. 8], [iii. 95], [iii. 132].
Government of the, [ ii. 321].
Capture Bagdad, [iii. 4].
Their conquests in Syria, [iii. 6].
Beaten and expelled by the Mamelukes, [iii. 7].
The pope sends missionaries to them, [iii. 94].
Their contests with the Mussulmans revive the hopes of the Christians, [ib.]
They send ambassadors to the pope, [iii. 95].
Conquests of Tamerlane, their great leader, [iii. 132], [iii. 133].
Tasso, his “Jerusalem delivered”, [ i. 202] n., [ i. 205].
His account of the battle of Ascalon, [ i. 243] n.
His heroes more wonderful than those of Homer, [ i. 258].
Memoir of his enchanted forest, [iii. 388] (App.).
Tatius quits the camp of the Crusaders, [ i. 135].
Taurus, Mount, sufferings of the Crusaders in passing, [ i. 126].
Taxation, created on the fall of feudalism, [iii. 293].
Temelicus, defeated by the Saracens, [ i. 14].
Temory, Paul, Archbishop of Colotza, is appointed commander against the Turks, and defeated, [iii. 214], [iii. 215].
Templars, the, [ i. 307].
Their devoted bravery, [ i. 308]; [ ii. 414]; [iii. 88].
Defeat and slaughter of, [ i. 415], [ i. 416].
Their grand master taken prisoner by Saladin, [ i. 422].
Their conquests and possessions, [ ii. 9]; [iii. 98].
Their quarrels with the Hospitallers, [ ii. 9], [ ii. 10]; [iii. 2].
Accusations against, [iii. 99].
Hammer’s notes on their apostasy, [iii. 494-500] (App.).
Temugin, the Tartar chief, notices of, [ ii. 317] et seq.
Death of, [ ii. 321].
Thaher, governor of Aleppo, [ ii. 3].
Themal, bravery of, [ i. 13] n.
Theodore, governor of Edessa, [ i. 121] and n.
Theodosius, column of, at Constantinople, [ ii. 157] and n.
Theopolis, the ancient name of Antioch, [ i. 128].
Theriaca, a medicine brought from Antioch, [iii. 336].
Thessalonica, possessed by Boniface, [ ii. 150];
by Baldwin, [iii. 160].
Thevet, André, [ i. 41] n.
Thibault III., count of Champagne, engages in the second crusade, [ i. 330].
—— IV., count of Champagne, engages in the fifth crusade, [ ii. 45].
His death and character, [ ii. 54].
—— V., king of Navarre, engages in the holy war, [ ii. 286], [ ii. 290].
Thierri, count of Flanders, [ i. 359].
Thimariots of Turkey, [iii. 240].
Thoron, castle of, besieged, [ ii. 23-28].
Thrace entered by the Crusaders, [ i. 67].
Tiberias, taken possession of by Tancred, [ i. 267].
Captured by Saladin, [ i. 407].
Battle of, disastrous to the Christians, [ i. 418-423].
Letter from Saladin, detailing the battle of, [iii. 372] (App.).
Togrul-Beg, elected king of the Turks, [ i. 31].
His victorious career, [ i. 31], [ i. 32].
Tolosa, victory of, over the Moors, [ ii. 201].
Tortosa, successful attack on by the Crusaders, [ i. 189].
Capture of, [ i. 254].
Retaken by the Mussulmans, [ i. 453].
Toucy, Chevalier de, [ ii. 466].
Tournaments of the middle age, [iii. 296].
Tours, council of, for promoting the cause of the Crusaders, [ ii. 287].
Toutousch, the Turkish general, conquests of, [ i. 33].
Traconite, the country of, [ i. 318].
Tripoli, emir of, defeated by the Crusaders, [ i. 196].
The city of, captured by them, [ i. 287].
Riches of, [ i. 288].
Flourishing state of, [ i. 306].
Besieged by Saladin, [ i. 453].
Taken by storm, and the Christians slaughtered, [iii. 69].
The city destroyed, [iii. 70].
Recaptured and burnt by the Crusaders, [iii. 119].
Tristan, duke of Nevers, death of, [iii. 42].
Troncs, receipts of, in France, for the expenses of the crusades, [iii. 473];
and their expenditure, [iii. 474] et seq.
Troubadours, songs of, during the middle ages, [ ii. 306], [ ii. 307]; [iii. 342].
Their poetry for the crusades, [iii. 452] (App.).
Trouvères during the middle ages, [iii. 342].
“True cross,” a piece of, placed in the church of Drontheim, [ i. 289].
Captured by Saladin, [ i. 422].
Fragment of it taken from Constantinople, [ ii. 142] and n.
Tunis, the Crusaders under Louis IX. arrive at, [iii. 37].
Historical notices of, [iii. 37], [iii. 38].
Captured, [iii. 39].
Great mortality among the Crusaders at., [iii. 41].
Death of Louis IX. at, [iii. 46].
A truce concluded, [iii. 50].
Turbessel, capture of, [ i. 121].
Turcoman, the surname of Ezz-Eddin Aybek, governor of Egypt, [ ii. 445].
Turks, or Turcomans, their victorious and sanguinary career, [ i. 31] et seq.
Embrace the Mussulman faith, [ i. 31].
Their social barbarism, [ i. 37].
Their power at the time of the first crusade, [ i. 97];
and the contests with them, [ i. 100] et seq.
Cruel treatment of, by the Crusaders, [ i. 137].
Their defeat before Antioch, [ i. 140], [ i. 141].
Defeat the Crusaders, [ i. 252], [ i. 253].
Cause of their victories, [ i. 255] n.
Their incursions in Palestine, [ i. 303].
Defeat the Germans, [ i. 351];
and are beaten by the French, [ i. 353].
Dynasties of, almost annihilated, [ i. 382].
Capture Sidon, and slaughter the inhabitants, [ ii. 474].
——, renewal of the crusades against, attempted, [iii. 93].
Their conquest of Asia Minor, [iii. 113].
The seat of their empire at Adrianople, [ib.]
Their origin from the Tartars, [iii. 120].
Their history and conquests, [iii. 121] et seq.
Their invasion of Greece, [iii. 122].
A crusade against, determined on, [iii. 125], [iii. 126].
Contests with, [iii. 127].
Defeated by Tamerlane, [iii. 132], [iii. 133].
Their barbarities to the Christians, [iii. 135].
Besiege Constantinople under Mahomet II., [iii. 148] et seq.
Capture it, and annihilate the Greek empire, [iii. 156].
Crusades against, undertaken, A. D. 1438-1481, [iii. 159].
They penetrate into Hungary, [iii. 166].
And are defeated at Belgrade, [iii. 167].
Their extensive conquests, [iii. 171], [iii. 174], [iii. 180], [iii. 225].
Invade Hungary and different parts of Europe simultaneously, [iii. 187-189].
Defeated by the Hungarians, [iii. 187].
Besiege Rhodes, [iii. 188], [iii. 189].
Capture Otranto, ib.
Complete the overthrow of all the rival powers of the East, [iii. 203].
Defeat the Hungarians, [iii. 215].
Capture Cyprus, [iii. 225].
Defeated at the naval battle of Lepanto, [iii. 226].
Succours against implored by Pope Alexander VII., and a Christian confederation formed, [iii. 233], [iii. 234].
Their military power begins to decline, [iii. 230], [iii. 231], [iii. 236].
General review of their conquests, [iii. 231] et seq.
Conclude a peace with the Christian forces in Hungary, [iii. 234].
Defeated by Sobieski at Vienna, [iii. 235].
Causes and history of their decline, [iii. 236] et seq.
Their present political position, [iii. 244] et seq.
Turks, letter of Bohemond and others, detailing the defeat of the Turks, [iii. 360] (App.).
Letter to Pope Urban, detailing the victories of the Crusaders over them, [iii. 365].
Tyre, commercial greatness of, [ i. 300].
Siege and capture of, [ i. 300], [ i. 301].
Besieged by Saladin, [ i. 451].
Its heroic defence, [ i. 452].
Captured and destroyed by the Saracens, [iii. 89].
U.
Universities of Europe during the middle ages, [iii. 337], [iii. 339].
Urban II., Pope, his interview with Peter the Hermit, [ i. 42].
Receives the ambassadors of Alexis Comnenus, [ i. 44].
Convokes a council at Plaisance, [ i. 45].
At Clermont, [ i. 46] et seq.
His inciting speech in favour of the crusades, [ i. 48-50].
—— V. adopts the project of a new crusade, [iii. 113].
And convokes a meeting at Avignon, [iii. 113-114].
V.
Valeran, bishop of Berytus, [ ii. 334].
Varangians, account of the, [ ii. 83] n.
Vaudois, religious principles of the, [ ii. 197].
Papal crusade against, [ ii. 199] and n.
Venetians embark for the Holy Land, and destroy the fleet of the Saracens, [ i. 298].
Enter Jerusalem, [ i. 299].
Conquer Tyre, [ i. 301].
Return to Italy, [ i. 302].
Refinement of the, [ ii. 182].
Their contests with the Genoese, [iii. 2].
Venice forbids intercourse with the Mussulmans, [ i. 15].
Commercial greatness of, [ ii. 48].
Dandolo, the doge, [ ii. 49].
Engages to assist the Crusaders, [ ii. 50], [ ii. 51].
Sums advanced by, [ ii. 53].
Pecuniary exactions of, [ ii. 59].
Her wealth and greatness, [ ii. 183], [ ii. 184].
Her possessions captured by the Turks, [iii. 184].
Bajazet II. declares war against, [iii. 197].
Her active preparations for defence, [iii. 198].
Her commercial ambition, [iii. 200].
Hélian’s diatribe against, [ib.]
Rejoicings at, after the victory of Lepanto, [iii. 226].
State of, during the age of the crusades, [iii. 263].
Vermandois, Crusaders of the, [ i. 81].
Vermandois, count de, [ i. 83].
Led a prisoner to Constantinople, [ i. 89].
His treatment avenged, [ i. 90].
His bravery before Antioch, [ i. 170], [ i. 174].
Returns to Europe, [ i. 177].
Dies of his wounds, [ i. 254].
Vertot, abbé de, the historian, [iii. 188].
Victor III., Pope, incites the Christians to take arms against the infidels, [ i. 39], [ i. 40].
Vida, the Italian poet, his enthusiasm for the crusades, [iii. 203].
Vienna, council of, convoked by Clement V. to promote a crusade, [iii. 97].
Besieged by the Turks, [iii. 217], [iii. 218], [iii. 235].
Relieved by Sobieski, king of Poland, [ib.]
Villehardouin, Geoffrey, marshal of Champagne, [ ii. 46] and n.
His address to the Venetians, [ ii. 50], [ ii. 51] and n.
His history of the contests between the Greeks and Latins, [ ii. 175].
——, William of, prince of Achaia, engages in the seventh crusade, [ ii. 379].
Visions and prodigies, reliance of the Crusaders on, [ i. 192].
Vitri destroyed by Louis VII. of France, [ i. 330].
Volkmar, a priest, instigates the Crusaders to the greatest cruelties, [ i. 70].
W.
Walcknaer’s “Itinerary,” [ i. 3] n., [ i. 199] n.
Wales, journey through, relating the manners of the inhabitants in the twelfth century, [iii. 408] (App.).
Walter the Penniless, general of the Crusaders, [ i. 62].
——, count of Cæsarea, his accusations against the count of Jaffa, [ i. 313].
Warna, battle of, [iii. 143].
West, Christians of the, aroused against the East, [ i. xix].; [ i. 3], [ i. 20], [ i. 21].
Institutions of the, in their infancy, [ i. 36], [ i. 37].
Enthusiasm in favour of the crusades, [ i. 54].
Agitated state of the, [ ii. 195].
Alarm among the Christian nations, at the fall of Constantinople, [iii. 159] et seq.
William, king of Sicily, engages in the holy war, [ i. 453].
—— IX., count of Poictiers, sets out for the East, [ i. 249] and n.
—— Rufus, duke of Normandy, [ i. 82].
——, count de Nevers, [ i. 249].
Defeated by the Turks, [ i. 253].
——, archbishop of Tyre, preaches in support of the holy war, [ i. 436], [ i. 444].
His speech, [ i. 437], [ i. 438].
——, viscount de Melun, deserts the camp of the Crusaders, and is retaken, [ i. 135].
—— de Clermont, bravery of, [iii. 80].
—— of Malmesbury, the chronicler, [iii. 356].
—— of Tyre, the historian, [ i. 17], [ i. 41], [ i. 54], [ i. 62], [ i. 65], [ i. 147] n. et passim.
Wine of Gaza, celebrated, [ i. 11].
Wolf IX., duke of Bavaria, a leader of the Crusaders, [ i. 249].
Defeated, [ i. 253].
Worms, diet at, convoked by Henry VI. of Germany, [ ii. 13], [ ii. 14].
Y.
Yemen, a province of Arabia, [ii. 3] n.
Yve, son of Hugh de Grandmenil, [ i. 83].
Z.
Zara, city of, revolts against the domination of Venice, [ ii. 60].
Siege of, [ ii. 63].
Zengui, prince of Mossoul, conquests of, [ i. 306], [ i. 320].
Attacks the Christian fortresses, [ i. 315].
Besieges and captures Edessa, [ i. 321-325].
Assassinated, [ i. 326].
Zimisces, emperor of the Greeks, [ i. 14].
Conquests of, [ i. 15].
His violent death, [ i. 36].
Zizim, disputes the Turkish empire with Bajazet, and visits Europe, [iii. 191].
Joins the Christian crusade against the Turks, [iii. 195].
His death, [ib.]