| INTRODUCTION | [ix] |
| CHAPTER I | |
| Birth and Parentage of Napoleon Buonaparte—His Education at
Brienne and at Paris—His Character at this Period—His Political
Predilections—He enters the Army as Second Lieutenant of
Artillery—His First Military Service in Corsica in 1793. | [1] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| Buonaparte commands the Artillery at Toulon—Fall of Toulon—The
Representatives of the People—Junot. | [9] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| Buonaparte Chief of Battalion at Nice—Fall of Robespierre—He is
superseded—Buonaparte at Paris in 1795—The day of the
Sections—Commands the Army of the Interior—Marries Josephine de
Beauharnois—Appointed to the command of the Army of Italy. | [15] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| The Army of Italy—Tactics of Buonaparte—Battle of Monte
Notte—Battle of Millesimo—Battle of Mondovi—Armistice of
Cherasco—Close of the Campaign of Piedmont—Peace granted to
Sardinia. | [24] |
| CHAPTER V | |
| The French cross the Po at Placenza—The Battle of Fombio—The
Bridge of Lodi—Napoleon occupies Milan—Resigns, and resumes his
command—Insurrection of Pavia—Military Executions—The French
pass the Mincio at Borghetto—Beaulieu retreats behind the
Adige—Mantua besieged—Peace with the King of the Two
Sicilies—The Pope buys a Respite. | [30] |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| Wurmser supersedes Beaulieu—Jourdan and Moreau march into Germany,
and are forced to retreat again—The Austrians advance from the
Tyrol—Battle of Lonato—Escape of Napoleon—Battle near
Castiglione—Wurmser retreats on Trent, and is recruited—Battle of
Roveredo—Battle of Primolano—Battle of Bassano—Battle of St.
George—Wurmser shut up in Mantua. | [42] |
| CHAPTER VII | |
| Affairs of Corsica—Alvinzi assumes the Command of the Austrians on
the Italian frontier—The three Battles of Arcola—Retreat of
Alvinzi—Battle of Rivoli—Battle of La Favorita—Surrender of
Mantua—Victor marches on Ancona—Despair of the Pope—Treaty of
Tollentino. | [50] |
| CHAPTER VIII | |
| Neutrality of Venice—The Archduke Charles—Battle of
Tagliamento—Retreat of the Archduke—Treaty of Leoben—War with
Venice—Venice conquered. | [64] |
| CHAPTER IX | |
| Pichegru—The Directory appeal to Buonaparte—The 18th
Fructidor—The Court of Montebello—Josephine—The Treaty of
Campo-Formio—Buonaparte leaves Italy. | [70] |
| CHAPTER X | |
| Napoleon at Rastadt—He arrives in Paris—His reception by the
Directory—His Conduct and Manners—He is appointed to command the
Army for the Invasion of England—He recommends an Expedition to
Egypt—Reaches Toulon—Embarks. | [78] |
| CHAPTER XI | |
| The Voyage to Egypt—Malta surrendered—The French escape Nelson,
and take Alexandria—The March up the Nile—The Battle of the
Pyramids—Cairo surrenders—The Battle of Aboukir. | [88] |
| CHAPTER XII | |
| Buonaparte's Administration in Egypt—Armaments of the
Porte—Buonaparte at Suez—At El-Arish—Gaza, Jaffa, Acre—Retreat
to Egypt—Defeat of the Turks at Aboukir—Napoleon embarks for
France. | [96] |
| CHAPTER XIII | |
| Retrospect—Buonaparte arrives in France—The Revolution of the
18th Brumaire—The Provisional Consulate. | [111] |
| CHAPTER XIV | |
| The Provisional Consulate—Reforms in France—Pacification of the
Chouans—Constitution of the year VIII.—Buonaparte Chief Consul. | [125] |
| CHAPTER XV | |
| The Chief Consul writes to the King of England—Lord Grenville's
Answer—Napoleon passes the Great St. Bernard—The taking of St.
Bard—The Siege of Genoa—The Battle of Montebello—The Battle of
Marengo—Napoleon returns to Paris—The Infernal Machine—The
Battle of Hohenlinden—The Treaty of Luneville. | [135] |
| CHAPTER XVI | |
| Affairs of Naples and of the Pope—The Emperor Paul of
Russia—Northern confederacy against England—Battle of
Copenhagen—Nelson's Victory—Death of Paul—Expedition to Egypt
under Sir Ralph Abercrombie—Battle of Alexandria—Conquest of
Egypt—The Flotilla of Boulogne—Negotiations with England—Peace
of Amiens. | [161] |
| CHAPTER XVII | |
| Peace of Amiens—The Concordat—The Legion of Honour—Buonaparte
President of the Cisalpine Republic—First Consul for Life—Grand
Mediator of the Helvetic Confederacy—St. Domingo—Toussaint
L'Ouverture—Dissatisfaction of England—Trial of Peltier—Lord
Whitworth—Rupture of the Peace of Amiens—Detention of English
Travellers in France. | [168] |
| CHAPTER XVIII | |
| Recommencement of the War—French seize Hanover and Naples—the
English seize various French colonies—Scheme of invading England
resumed—Moreau—Pichegru—Georges Cadoudal—Captain Wright—Murder
of the Duke d'Enghien—Napoleon Emperor of France—King of
Italy—Genoa united to the Empire. | [189] |
| CHAPTER XIX | |
| New coalition against France—Sweden—Russia—Austria joins the
Alliance—Napoleon heads the Army in Germany—Ulm surrendered by
Mack—Vienna taken—Naval Operations—Battle of Trafalgar—Battle
of Austerlitz—Treaty of Presburg—Joseph Buonaparte King of
Naples—Louis Buonaparte King of Holland—Confederation of the
Rhine—New Nobility in France. | [210] |
| CHAPTER XX | |
| Discontent of Prussia—Death of Pitt—Negotiation of Lords Yarmouth
and Lauderdale broken off—Murder of Palm, the bookseller—Prussia
declares War—Buonaparte heads the Army—Naumburg taken—Battle of
Jena—Napoleon enters Berlin—Fall of Magdeburg, &c.—Humiliation
of Prussia—Buonaparte's cruelty to the Duke of Brunswick—his
rapacity and oppression in Prussia. | [228] |
| CHAPTER XXI | |
| The Decrees of Berlin—Napoleon renews the campaign—Warsaw
taken—Enthusiasm of the Poles—Retreat of the Russians—Battle of
Pultusk—The French go into winter quarters—Battle of
Preuss-Eylau—Taking of Dantzick—Battle of
Friedland—Armistice—Expeditions of the English to Calabria,
Constantinople, Egypt, and Buenos Ayres—Peace of Tilsit. | [240] |
| CHAPTER XXII | |
| British Expedition to Copenhagen—Coalition of France, Austria,
Prussia, and Russia, against English Commerce—Internal affairs of
France—The Administration of Napoleon—his Council of
State—Court—Code—Public Works—Manufactures—Taxes—Military
Organisation—The Conscription. | [258] |
| CHAPTER XXIII | |
| Relations of Napoleon with Spain—Treaty of Fontainebleau—Junot
marches to Portugal—Flight of the Braganzas to Brazil—French
troops proceed into Spain—Dissensions in the Court—Both parties
appeal to Napoleon—Murat occupies Madrid—Charles and Ferdinand
abdicate at Bayonne—Joseph Buonaparte crowned King of Spain. | [265] |
| CHAPTER XXIV | |
| Insurrection of the Spaniards and Portuguese—Their Alliance with
England—Battle of Riosecco—Joseph enters Madrid—First Siege of
Zaragossa—Dupont's March into Andalusia—The Battle of
Baylen—Dupont Surrenders—Joseph quits Madrid—Situation of
Junot—Arrival of Sir Arthur Wellesley—Battle of Roriça—Battle of
Vimiero—Convention of Cintra. | [275] |
| CHAPTER XXV | |
| Napoleon at Erfurt—At Paris—Arrives at Vittoria—Disposition of
the French and Spanish Armies—Successes of Soult—Passage of the
Somosierra—Surrender of Madrid—Sir John Moore's Campaign—his
Retreat—Battle of Coruña—Death of Moore—Napoleon leaves Spain. | [286] |
| CHAPTER XXVI | |
| Austria declares War—Napoleon heads his army in Germany—Battles
of Landshut and Eckmuhl—Ratisbonne taken—Napoleon in
Vienna—Hostilities in Italy, Hungary, Poland, the North of
Germany, and the Tyrol—Battle of Raab—Battle of Wagram—Armistice
with Austria.... Progress of the War in the Peninsula, Battle of
Talaveyra—Battle of Ocaña—English Expedition to Walcheren....
Seizure of Rome and arrest of the Pope.... Treaty of Schoenbrunn. | [296] |
| CHAPTER XXVII | |
| Napoleon divorces Josephine—Marries the Archduchess Maria
Louisa—Deposes Louis Buonaparte—Annexes Holland and the whole
Coast of Germany to France—Revolution in Sweden—Bernadotte
elected Crown Prince of Sweden—Progress of the War in the
Peninsula—Battle of Busaco—Lord Wellington retreats to the Lines
of Torres Vedras. | [309] |
| CHAPTER XXVIII | |
| Events of the year 1811—Birth of the King of Rome—Disgrace of
Fouché—Discontents in France—Relations with Russia—Licence
System—Napoleon prepares for War with Russia—The Campaign in the
Peninsula—Massena's Retreat—Battle of Fuentes d'Onor—Lord
Wellington blockades Ciudad Rodrigo—Retreats—Joseph wishes to
Abdicate. | [320] |
| CHAPTER XXIX | |
| Capture of Ciudad Rodrigo—and of Badajos—Battle of
Salamanca—State of Napoleon's Foreign Relations—His Military
Resources—Napoleon at Dresden—Rupture with Russia—Napoleon's
conduct to the Poles—Distribution of the Armies—Passage of the
Niemen—Napoleon at Wilna. | [329] |
| CHAPTER XXX | |
| Russia makes Peace with England, with Sweden, and with
Turkey—Internal preparations—Napoleon leaves Wilna—The
Dwina—Bagrathion's Movements—Battle of Smolensko—Battle of
Borodino—Napoleon enters Moscow—Constancy and Enthusiasm of the
Russians—Conduct of Rostophchin—The burning of Moscow—Kutusoff
refuses to Treat. | [343] |
| CHAPTER XXXI | |
| Napoleon quits Moscow—Battles of Vincovo and
Malo-Yaraslovetz—Retreat on Verreia—and Smolensko—Repeated
Defeats and Sufferings of the French—Smolensko—Krasnoi—Passage
of the Beresina—Smorgonie—Napoleon quits the Army—his arrival at
Warsaw—at Dresden—in Paris. | [354] |
| CHAPTER XXXII | |
| Conspiracy of Mallet—Napoleon's reception in Paris—his Military
Preparations—Prussia declares War—Austria negotiates with
Napoleon—Bernadette appears in Germany—The Russians advance into
Silesia—Napoleon heads his Army in Saxony—Battle of
Lutzen—Battle of Bautzen. | [371] |
| CHAPTER XXXIII | |
| Napoleon's Interview with Metternich—Advice of his Ministers and
Generals—Intelligence from Spain—Battle of Vittoria—Congress of
Prague Dissolved—Austria declares War—Battle of Dresden—Death of
Moreau—Battle of Culm—Surrender of Vandamme—Battles of
Grossbeeren, Wahlstadt, and Dennewitz—Napoleon retires from the
Elbe—The Battle of Leipsig—The Battle of Hanau—The Allies on the
Rhine. | [381] |
| CHAPTER XXXIV | |
| Declaration of the Allies at Frankfort—Revolution of
Holland—Liberation of the Pope and Ferdinand VII.—Obstinacy of
Napoleon—His Military Preparations—Dissolution of the Legislative
Senate. | [395] |
| CHAPTER XXXV | |
| The Campaign of France—Battles of Brienne and La
Rothiere—Expedition of the Marne—Battles of Nangis and
Montereau—Schwartzenberg Retreats—Napoleon again marches against
Blucher—Attacks Soissons and is Repulsed—Battles of Craonne and
Laon—Napoleon at Rheims—His Perplexities—He Marches to St.
Dizier. | [406] |
| CHAPTER XXXVI | |
| The Allies approach Paris—Maria Louisa retires to Blois—Marmont
and Mortier occupy the Heights of Montmartre—They are
defeated—King Joseph escapes—Marmont capitulates—the Allies
enter Paris—Napoleon at Fontainebleau—His abdication. | [420] |
| CHAPTER XXXVII | |
| Napoleon's Journey to Frejus—Voyage to Elba—his conduct and
occupations there—Discontents in France—Return of Prisoners of
War—Jealousy of the Army—Union of the Jacobins and
Buonapartists—Their intrigues—Napoleon escapes from Elba. | [438] |
| CHAPTER XXXVIII | |
| Napoleon lands at Cannes—his progress to
Grenoble—Lyons—Fontainebleau—Treason of Labedoyere and
Ney—Louis XVIII. retires to Ghent, and Napoleon arrives in Paris. | [447] |
| CHAPTER XXXIX | |
| The Hundred Days—Declaration of the Congress at Vienna—Napoleon
prepares for War—Capitulation of the Duke
d'Angouleme—Insurrection of La Vendée—Murat advances from
Naples—Is Defeated—And takes refuge in France—The
Champ-de-Mai—Dissatisfaction of the Constitutionalists. | [456] |
| CHAPTER XL | |
| Napoleon heads his army on the Belgian frontier—Passes the Sambre
at Charleroi—Defeats Blucher at Ligny—Battle of Quatre-Bras—The
English fall back on a position previously selected by
Wellington—The Battle of Waterloo—Napoleon returns to
Paris. | [466] |
| CHAPTER XLI | |
| Napoleon appeals in vain to the Chambers—Abdicates for the second
time—Is sent to Malmaison—And then to Rochefort—Negotiates with
Capt. Maitland—Embarks in the Bellerophon—Arrives at
Torbay—Decision of the English Government—Interview with Lord
Keith, &c.—Napoleon on board the Northumberland—Sails for St.
Helena. | [478] |
| CHAPTER XLII | |
| Napoleon at St. Helena—The Briars—Longwood—Charges against the
English Government respecting his accommodations and treatment at
St. Helena—Charges against the Governor, Sir Hudson
Lowe—Napoleon's mode of life at Longwood—His Health falls
off—His Death and Funeral—Conclusion. | [491] |
| INDEX | [507] |