CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.
§ [1.] Idea and Task of Church History.
§ [2.] Distribution of Church History according to Contents.
[(1)] The Various Branches Included in a Complete Course of Church History.
[(2)] The Separate Branches of Church History.
§ [3.] Distribution of Church History according to Periods.
§ [4.] Sources and Auxiliaries of Church History.
[(1)] Literature of the Sources.
[(2)] Literature of the Auxiliary Sciences.
§ [5.] History of General Church History.
[(1)] Down to the Reformation.
[(2)] The 16th and 17th Centuries.
[(3)] The 18th Century.
[(4)] The 19th Century.
[(5)] The 19th Century—Continued.
[(6)] The 19th Century—Continued.
HISTORY OF THE PREPARATION FOR CHRISTIANITY.
The pre-Christian World preparing the way of the Christian Church.
§ [6.] The Standpoint of Universal History.
§ [7.] Heathenism.
[(1)] The Religious Character of Heathenism.
[(2)] The Moral Character of Heathenism.
[(3)] The Intellectual Culture in Heathenism.
[(4)] The Hellenic Philosophy.
[(5)] The Heathen State.
§ [8.] Judaism.
[(1)] Judaism under special Training of God through the Law and Prophecy.
[(2)] Judaism after the Cessation of Prophecy.
[(3)] The Synagogues.
[(4)] Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes.
§ [9.] Samaritanism.
§ [10.] Intercourse between Judaism and Heathenism.
[(1)] Influence of Heathenism upon Judaism.
[(2)] Influence of Judaism upon Heathenism.
§ [11.] The Fulness of Time.
THE HISTORY OF THE BEGINNINGS.
The Founding of the Church by Christ and His Apostles.
§ [12.] Character of the History of the Beginnings.
I. THE LIFE OF JESUS.
§ [13.] Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the World.
[(1)] Year of Birth and Year of Death of Jesus.
[(2)] Earliest Non-Biblical Witnesses to Christ.
II. THE APOSTOLIC AGE.
A.D. 30-70.
§ [14.] The Ministry of the Apostles before Paul.
[Beginning and Close of Apostolic Age.]
§ [15.] The Ministry of the Apostle Paul.
[Details of Paul’s Life.]
§ [16.] The Other Apostles after the Appearance of the Apostle Paul.
[(1)] The Roman Episcopate of Peter.
[(2)] The Apostle John.
[(3)] James, the brother of the Lord.
[(4)] The Later Legends of the Apostles.
§ [17.] Constitution, Worship, and Discipline.
[(1)] The Charismata of the Apostolic Age.
[(2)] The Constitution of the Mother Church at Jerusalem.
[(3)] The Constitution of the Pauline Churches.
[(4)] The Church in the Pauline Epistles.
[(5)] Congregational and Spiritual Offices.
[(6)] The Question about the Original Position of the Episcopate and Presbyterate.
[(7)] Christian Worship.
[(8)] Christian Life and Ecclesiastical Discipline.
§ [18.] Heresies in the Apostolic Age.
[(1)] Jewish Christianity and the Council of Apostles.
[(2)] The Apostolic Basis of Doctrine.
[(3)] False Teachers.
FIRST DIVISION.
History of the Development of the Church during the Græco-Roman and Græco-Byzantine Periods.
§ [19.] Content, Distribution and Boundaries of those Periods.
FIRST SECTION.
History of the Græco-Roman Church during the Second and Third Centuries (A.D. 70-323).
§ [20.] Content, Distribution and Boundaries of this Period.
[(1)] The Post-Apostolic Age.
[(2)] The Age of the Old Catholic Church.
[(3)] The Point of Transition from the One Age to the Other.
I. THE RELATIONSHIP OF EXTRA-CHRISTIAN PAGANISM AND JUDAISM TO THE CHURCH.
§ [21.] The Spread of Christianity.
§ [22.] Persecutions of the Christians in the Roman Empire.
[(1)] Claudius, Nero and Domitian.
[(2)] Trajan and Hadrian.
[(3)] Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.
[(4)] Septimius Severus and Maximinus Thrax.
[(5)] Decius, Gallus and Valerian.
[(6)] Diocletian and Galerius.
[(7)] Maximinus Daza, Maxentius and Licinius.
§ [23.] Controversial Writings of Paganism.
[(1)] Lucian’s Satire De Morte Peregrini.
[(2)] Worshippers of an Ass.
[(3)] Polemic properly so-called.
§ [24.] Attempted Reconstruction of Paganism.
[(1)] Apollonius of Tyana.
[(2)] Neo-platonism.
§ [25.] Jewish and Samaritan Reaction.
[(1)] Disciples of John.
[(2)] The Samaritan Heresiarchs.
[a.] Dositheus.
[b.] Simon Magus.
[c.] Menander.
II. DANGER TO THE CHURCH FROM PAGAN AND JEWISH ELEMENTS WITHIN ITS OWN PALE.
§ [26.] Gnosticism in General.
[(1)] Gnosticism.
[(2)] The Problems of Gnostic Speculation.
[(3)] Distribution.
[(4)] Sources of Information.
§ [27.] The Gentile Christian Gnosticism.
[(1)] Cerinthus.
[(2)] The Gnosticism of Basilides.
[(3)] Irenæus’ Sketch of Basilideanism.
[(4)] Valentinian Gnosticism.
[(5)] Two Divisions of the Valentinian School.
[(6)] The Ophites and related Sects.
[(7)] The Gnosis of the Ophites.
[(8)] Antinomian and Libertine Sects.
[a.] The Nicolaitans.
[b.] The Simonians.
[c.] The Carpocratians.
[d.] The Prodicians.
[(9)] Saturninus.
[(10)] Tatian and the Encratites.
[(11)] Marcion and the Marcionites.
[(12)] Marcion’s Disciples.
[(13)] Hermogenes.
§ [28.] Ebionism and Ebionitic Gnosticism.
[(1)] Nazareans and Ebionites.
[(2)] The Elkesaites.
[(3)] The Pseudo-Clementine Series of Writings.
[a.] Homiliæ XX Clementis.
[b.] Recognitiones Clementis.
[c.] Epitomæ.
[(4)] The Pseudo-Clementine Doctrinal System.
§ [29.] Manichæism.
[(1)] The Founder.
[(2)] The System.
[(3)] Constitution, Worship, and Missionarizing.
III. THE DOCTRINAL DEVELOPMENT AND APOLOGETICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CHURCH.
§ [30.] The Theological Literature of the Post-Apostolic Age, A.D. 70-170.
[(1)] The Beginnings of Patristic Literature.
[(2)] The Theology of the Post-Apostolic Age.
[(3)] The so-called Apostolic Fathers.
[a.] Clement of Rome.
[(4)]b. Barnabas.
[c.] Pastor Hermas.
[(5)]d. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch.
[(6)]e. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna.
[f.] Papias, Bishop of Hierapolis.
[g.] Epistle to Diognetus.
[(7)] The Didache or Teaching of the Twelve Apostles.
[(8)] The Writings of the Earliest Christian Apologists.
[(9)] Extant Writings of Apologists of the Post-Apostolic Age.
[a.] Justin Martyr.
[(10)]b. Tatian.
[c.] Athenagoras.
[d.] Theophilus, Bishop of Antioch.
[e.] Hermias.
§ [31.] The Theological Literature of the Old Catholic Age, A.D. 170-323.
[(1)] The Theological Schools and Tendencies.
1. Church Fathers Writing in Greek.
[(2)] Church Teachers of the Asiatic Type.
[a.] Irenæus.
[(3)]b. Hippolytus.
[(4)] The Alexandrian Church Teachers.
[a.] Pantænus.
[b.] Titus Flavius Clement.
[(5)]c. Origen.
[(6)]d. Dionysius of Alexandria.
[e.] Gregory Thaumaturgus.
[f.] Pamphilus.
[(7)] Greek-speaking Church Teachers in other Quarters.
[a.] Hegesippus.
[b.] Caius of Rome.
[(8)]c. Sextus Julius Africanus.
[(9)]d. Methodius.
[e.] Lucian of Samosata.
2. Church Fathers Writing in Latin.
[(10)] The Church Teachers of North Africa.
[Tertullian.]
[(11)] Cyprian.
[(12)] Various Ecclesiastical Writers using the Latin Tongue.
[a.] Minucius Felix.
[b.] Commodus.
[c.] Novatian.
[d.] Arnobius.
[e.] Victorinus of Pettau.
[f.] Lucius Lactantius.
§ [32.] The Apocryphal and Pseudepigraphical Literature.
[(1)] Professedly Old Heathen Prophecies.
[(2)] Old Testament Pseudepigraphs.
[a.] Book of Enoch.
[b.] Assumptio Mosis.
[c.] Fourth Book of Ezra.
[d.] Book of Jubilees.
[(3)] Pseudepigraphs of Christian Origin.
[a.] History of Assenath.
[b.] The Testaments of the XII. Patriarchs.
[c.]Ascensio Isaiæ and Visio Isaiæ.
[d.]Spelunca thesaurorum.
[(4)] New Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigraphs.
[I.] Apocryphal Gospels.
[(5)]II. Apocryphal Histories and Legends of the Apostles.
[(6)] —— Apocryphal Monographs.
[(7)]III. Apostolic Epistles.
[IV.] Apocryphal Apocalypses.
[V.] Apostolical Constitutions.
[(8)] The Acts of the Martyrs.
§ [33.] The Doctrinal Controversies of the Old Catholic Age.
[(1)] The Trinitarian Questions.
[(2)] The Alogians.
[(3)] The Theodotians and Artemonites.
[(4)] Praxeas and Tertullian.
[(5)] The Noëtians and Hippolytus.
[(6)] Beryllus and Origen.
[(7)] Sabellius; Dionysius of Alexandria; Dionysius of Rome.
[(8)] Paul of Samosata.
[(9)] Chiliasm.
IV. CONSTITUTION, WORSHIP, LIFE AND DISCIPLINE.
§ [34.] The Inner Organization of the Church.
[(1)] The Continuation of Charismatic Endowments into Post-Apostolic Times.
[(2)] The Development of the Episcopal Hierarchy.
[(3)] The Regular Ecclesiastical Offices of the Old Catholic Age.
[(4)] Clergy and Laity.
[(5)] The Synods.
[(6)] Personal and Epistolary Intercourse.
[(7)] The Unity and Catholicity of the Church.
[(8)] The Roman Primacy.
§ [35.] The Administration of Baptism.
[(1)] The Preparation for Receiving Baptism.
[(2)] The Baptismal Formula.
[(3)] The Administration of Baptism.
[(4)] The Doctrine of Baptism.
[(5)] The Controversy about Heretics’ Baptism.
§ [36.] Public Worship and its Various Parts.
[(1)] The Agape.
[(2)] The Missa Catechumenorum.
[(3)] The Missa Fidelium.
[(4)] The Disciplina Arcani.
[(5)] The Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper.
[(6)] The Sacrificial Theory.
[(7)] The Use of Scripture.
[(8)] Formation of a New Testament Canon.
[(9)] The Doctrine of Inspiration.
[(10)] Hymnology.
§ [37.] Feasts and Festival Seasons.
[(1)] The Festivals of the Christian Year.
[(2)] The Paschal Controversies.
[(3)] The Ecclesiastical Institution of Fasting.
§ [38.] The Church Buildings and the Catacombs.
[(1)] The Catacombs.
[(2)] The Antiquities of the Catacombs.
[(3)] Pictorial Art and the Catacombs.
[(4)] Pictorial and Artistic Representations.
[a.] Significant Symbols.
[b.] Allegorical Figures.
[c.] Parabolic Figures.
[d.] Historical Pictures of O. T. Types.
[e.] Figures from the Gospel History.
[f.] Liturgical Figures.
§ [39.] Life, Manners, and Discipline.
[(1)] Christian Morals and Manners.
[(2)] The Penitential Discipline.
[(3)] Asceticism.
[(4)] Paul of Thebes.
[(5)] Beginning of Veneration of Martyrs.
[(6)] Superstition.
§ [40.] The Montanist Reformation.
[(1)] Montanism in Asia Minor.
[(2)] Montanism at Rome.
[(3)] Montanism in Proconsular Africa.
[(4)] The Fundamental Principle of Montanism.
[(5)] The Attitude of Montanism toward the Church.
§ [41.] Schismatic Divisions in the Church.
[(1)] The Schism of Hippolytus at Rome about A.D. 220.
[(2)] The Schism of Felicissimus at Carthage in A.D. 250.
[(3)] The Schism of the Presbyter Novatian at Rome in A.D. 251.
[(4)] The Schism of Meletius in Egypt in A.D. 306.

SECOND SECTION.
The History of the Græco-Roman Church from the 4th-7th centuries. A.D. 323-692.
I. CHURCH AND STATE.
§ [42.] The Overthrow of Paganism in the Roman Empire.
[(1)] The Romish Legend of the Baptism of Constantine.
[(2)] Constantine the Great and his Sons.
[(3)] Julian the Apostate (A.D. 361-363).
[(4)] The Later Emperors.
[(5)] Heathen Polemics and Apologetics.
[(6)] The Religion of the Hypsistarians.
§ [43.] The Christian Empire and the Ecclesiastical Law.
[(1)] The Jus Circa Sacra.
[(2)] The Institution of Œcumenical Synods.
[(3)] Canonical Ordinances.
[(4)] Pseudepigraphic Church Ordinances.
[(5)] The Apostolic Church Ordinances.
II. MONASTICISM, CLERICALISM AND HIERARCHISM.
§ [44.] Monasticism.
[(1)] The Biography of St. Anthony.
[(2)] The Origin of Christian Monasticism.
[(3)] Oriental Monasticism.
[(4)] Western Monasticism.
[(5)] Institution of Nunneries.
[(6)] Monastic Asceticism.
[(7)] Anti-Ecclesiastical and Heretical Monasticism.
§ [45.] The Clergy.
[(1)] Training of the Clergy.
[(2)] The Injunction of Celibacy.
[(3)] Later Ecclesiastical Offices.
[(4)] Church Property.
§ [46A.] The Patriarchal Constitution and the Primacy.
[(1)] The Patriarchal Constitution.
[(2)] The Rivalry between Rome and Byzantium.
§ [46B.] History of the Roman Chair and its Claims to the Primacy.
[(3)] From Melchiades to Julius I., A.D. 310 to A.D. 352.
[(4)] From Liberius to Anastasius, A.D. 352 to A.D. 402.
[(5)] From Innocent I. to Zosimus, A.D. 402 to A.D. 418.
[(6)] From Boniface I. to Sixtus III., A.D. 419 to A.D. 440.
[(7)] From Leo the Great to Simplicius, A.D. 440 to A.D. 483.
[(8)] From Felix III. to Boniface II., A.D. 483 to A.D. 532.
[(9)] From John II. to Pelagius II., A.D. 532 to A.D. 590.
[(10)] From Gregory I. to Boniface V., A.D. 590 to A.D. 625.
[(11)] From Honorius I. to Gregory III., A.D. 625 to A.D. 741.
III. THEOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND LITERATURE.
§ [47.] The Theological Schools and their most celebrated Representatives.
[(1)] The Theological Schools and Tendencies.
[a.] In the 4th and 5th centuries.
[b.] Of the 6th and 7th Centuries.
1. THE MOST IMPORTANT TEACHERS OF THE EASTERN CHURCH.
[(2)] The Most Celebrated Representative of the Old Alexandrian School——Eusebius.
[(3)] Church Fathers of the New Alexandrian School.
[a.] Athanasius.
[(4)] The Three Great Cappadocians.
[b.] Basil the Great.
[c.] Gregory Nazianzen.
[d.] Gregory of Nyssa.
[(5)]e. Apollinaris.
[f.] Didymus the Blind.
[(6)]g. Macarius Magnes.
[h.] Cyril, Patriarch of Alexandria.
[i.] Isidore of Pelusium.
[(7)] Mystics and Philosophers.
[k.] Macarius the Great or the Elder.
[l.] Marcus Eremita.
[m.] Synesius of Cyrene.
[n.] Nemesius, Bishop of Emesa.
[o.] Æneas of Gaza.
[(8)] The Antiocheans.
[a.] Eusebius of Emesa.
[b.] Diodorus of Tarsus.
[c.] John of Antioch (Chrysostom).
[(9)]d. Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia.
[e.] Polychronius, Bishop of Apamea.
[f.] Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus.
[(10)] Other Teachers of the Greek Church during the 4th and 5th Centuries.
[a.] Cyril, Bishop of Jerusalem.
[b.] Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis.
[c.] Palladius.
[d.] Nilus.
[(11)] Greek Church Fathers of the 6th and 7th Centuries.
[a.] Johannes Philoponus.
[b.] Dionysius the Areopagite.
[(12)]c. Leontius Byzantinus.
[d.] Maximus Confessor.
[e.] Johannes Climacus.
[f.] Johannes Moschus.
[g.] Anastasius Sinaita.
[(13)] Syrian Church Fathers.
[a.] Jacob of Nisibis.
[b.] Aphraates.
[c.] Ephraim the Syrian.
[d.] Ibas, Bishop of Edessa.
[e.] Jacob, Bishop of Edessa.
2. THE MOST IMPORTANT TEACHERS OF THE WESTERN CHURCH.
[(14)]f. During the Period of the Arian Controversy.

[a.] Jul. Firmicus Maternus.
[b.] Lucifer of Calaris.
[c.] Marius Victorinus.
[d.] Hilary of Poitiers.
[e.] Zeno, Bishop of Verona.
[f.] Philaster, Bishop of Brescia.
[g.] Martin of Tours.

[(15)]g. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan.
[h.] Ambrosiaster.
[i.] Pacianus, Bishop of Barcelona.
[(16)] During the Period of Origenistic Controversy.
[a.] Jerome.
[(17)]b. Tyrannius Rufinus.
[c.] Sulpicius Severus.
[d.] Peter Chrysologus, Bishop of Ravenna.
[(18)] The Hero of the Soteriological Controversy—Augustine.
[(19)] Augustine’s Works.
[a.] Philosophical Treatises.
[b.] Dogmatic Treatises.
[c.] Controversial Treatises.
[d.] Apologetical Treatises.
[e.] Exegetical Works.
[(20)] Augustine’s Disciples and Friends.
[a.] Paulinus, Deacon of Milan.
[b.] Paul Orosius.
[c.] Marius Mercator.
[d.] Prosper Aquitanicus.
[e.] Cæsarius, Bishop of Arelate.
[f.] Fulgentius, Bishop of Ruspe.
[(21)] Pelagians and semi-Pelagians.
[I.] Pelagius.
[II.] Semi-Pelagians or Massilians.

[a.] Johannes Cassianus.
[b.] Vincent Lerinensis.
[c.] Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons.
[d.] Salvianus, Presbyter at Marseilles.
[e.] Faustus of Rhegium.
[f.] Arnobius the Younger.

[(22)] The Most Important Church Teachers among the Roman Popes.
[a.] Leo the Great.
[b.] Gelasius I.
[c.] Gregory the Great.
[(23)] The Conservators and Continuators of Patristic Culture.
[a.] Boëthius.
[b.] Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus.
[c.] Dionysius Exiguus.
§ [48.] Branches of Theological Science and Christian Poetry.
[(1)] Exegetical Theology.
[(2)] Historical Theology.
[(3)] Systematic Theology.
[a.] Apologetics.
[b.] Polemics.
[c.] Positive Dogmatics.
[d.] Morals.
[(4)] Practical Theology.
[(5)] Christian Poetry.
[(6)] Christian Latin Poetry.
[(7)] Poetry of National Syrian Church.
[(8)] The Legendary History of Cyprian.
IV. DOCTRINAL CONTROVERSIES AND HERESIES.
§ [49.] The Development of Doctrine Generally.
[Heretical Developments.]
§ [50.] The Trinitarian Controversy, A.D. 318-381.
[(1)] Preliminary Victory of the Homoousia, A.D. 318-325.
[(2)] Victory of Eusebianism, A.D. 328-356.
[(3)] Victory of Homoiousianism, A.D. 357-361.
[(4)] Final Victory of the Nicene Creed, A.D. 361-381.
[(5)] The Pneumatomachians, A.D. 362-381.
[(6)] The Literature of the Controversy.
[(7)] Post-Nicene Development of the Dogma.
[(8)] Schisms in consequence of the Arian Controversy.
[I.] The Meletian Schism at Antioch.
[II.] The Schism of the Luciferians.
[III.] The Schism of Damasus and Ursacius at Rome.
§ [51.] The Origenist Controversies, A.D. 394-438.
[(1)] The Monks of the Scetic and Nitrian Deserts.
[(2)] The Controversy in Palestine and Italy, A.D. 394-399.
[(3)] The Controversy in Alexandria and Constantinople, A.D. 399-438.
§ [52.] The Christological Controversy.
[(1)] The Apollinarian Controversy, A.D. 362-381.
[(2)] Christology of the Opposing Theological Schools.
[(3)] The Dyoprosopic or Nestorian Controversy, A.D. 428-444.
[(4)] The Monophysite Controversy.
[I.] Eutychianism, A.D. 444-451.
[(5)]II. Imperial Attempts at Union, A.D. 451-519.
[(6)]III. Justinian’s Decrees, A.D. 527-553.
[(7)]IV. The Monophysite Churches.
[(8)] The Monothelite Controversy, A.D. 633-680.
[(9)] The Case of Honorius.
§ [53.] The Soteriological Controversies, A.D. 412-529.
[(1)] Preliminary History.
[(2)] The Doctrine of Augustine.
[(3)] Pelagius and his Doctrine.
[(4)] The Pelagian Controversy, A.D. 411-431.
[(5)] The Semi-Pelagian Controversy, A.D. 427-529.
§ [54.] Reappearance and Remodelling of Earlier Heretical Sects.
[(1)] Manichæism.
[(2)] Priscillianism, A.D. 383-563.
V. WORSHIP, LIFE, DISCIPLINE AND MORALS.
§ [55.] Worship in General.
[The Age of Cyril of Alexandria.]
§ [56.] Festivals and Seasons for Public Worship.
[(1)] The Weekly Cycle.
[(2)] Hours and Quarterly Fasts.
[(3)] The Reckoning of Easter.
[(4)] The Easter Festivals.
[(5)] The Christmas Festivals.
[(6)] The Church Year.
[(7)] The Church Fasts.
§ [57.] Worship of Saints, Relics and Images.
[(1)] The Worship of Martyrs and Saints.
[(2)] The Worship of Mary and Anna.
[(3)] Worship of Angels.
[(4)] Worship of Images.
[(5)] Worship of Relics.
[(6)] The Making of Pilgrimages.
§ [58.] The Dispensation of the Sacraments.
[(1)] Administration of Baptism.
[(2)] The Doctrine of the Supper.
[(3)] The Sacrifice of the Mass.
[(4)] The Administration of the Lord’s Supper.
§ [59.] Public Worship in Word and Symbol.
[(1)] The Holy Scriptures.
[(2)] The Creeds of the Church.
[I.] The Nicæno-Constantinopolitan Creed.
[II.] The Apostles’ Creed.
[III.] The Athanasian Creed.
[(3)] Bible Reading in Church and Preaching.
[(4)] Hymnology.
[(5)] Psalmody and Hymn Music.
[(6)] The Liturgy.
[(7)] Liturgical Vestments.
[(8)] Symbolical Acts in Worship.
[(9)] Processions.
§ [60.] Places of Public Worship, Buildings And Works of Art.
[(1)] The Basilica.
[(2)] Secular Basilicas.
[(3)] The Cupola Style.
[(4)] Accessory and Special Buildings.
[(5)] Church furniture.
[(6)] The Graphic and Plastic Arts.
§ [61.] Life, Discipline and Morals.
[(1)] Church Discipline.
[(2)] Christian Marriage.
[(3)] Sickness, Death and Burial.
[(4)] Purgatory and Masses for Souls.
§ [62.] Heretical Reformers.
[(1)] Audians and Apostolics.
[(2)] Protests against Superstition and External Observances.
[(3)] Protests against the Over-Estimation of Doctrine.
§ [63.] Schisms.
[(1)] The Donatist Schism, A.D. 311-415.
[(2)] The Concilium Quinisextum, A.D. 692.
VI. THE CHURCH OUTSIDE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
§ [64.] Missionary Operations in the East.
[(1)] The Ethiopic-Abyssinian Church.
[(2)] The Persian Church.
[(3)] The Armenian Church.
[(4)] The Iberians.
§ [65.] The Counter-Mission of the Mohammedans.
[(1)] The Fundamental Principle of Islam.
[(2)] The Providential Place of Islam.
THIRD SECTION.
HISTORY OF THE GRÆCO-BYZANTINE CHURCH IN THE 8TH-15TH CENTURIES (A.D. 692-1453).
I. Developments of the Greek Church in Combination with the Western.
§ [66.] Iconoclasm of the Byzantine Church (A.D. 726-842).
[(1)] Leo III., the Isaurian, A.D. 717-741.
[(2)] Constantine V. A.D. 741-775.
[(3)] Leo IV., Chazarus, A.D. 775-780.
[(4)] Leo V., the Armenian, A.D. 813-820.
§ [67.] Division between Greek and Roman Churches and Attempts at Union, A.D. 857-1453.
[(1)] Foundation of the Schism, A.D. 867.
[(2)] Leo VI., the Philosopher, A.D. 886-911.
[(3)] Completion of the Schism, A.D. 1054.
[(4)] Attempts at Reunion.
[(5)] Andronicus III. Palæologus and Barlaam.
[(6)] Council of Florence.
[(7)] Decay of Byzantine Empire.
II. Developments in the Eastern Church without the Co-operation of the Western.
§ [68.] Theological Science and Literature.
[(1)] Revival of Classical Studies.
[(2)] Aristotle and Plato.
[(3)] Scholasticism and Mysticism.
[(4)] The Branches of Theological Science.
[(5)] Distinguished Theologians.
[(6)] Barlaam and Josaphat.
§ [69.] Doctrinal Controversies in the 12th-14th Centuries.
[(1)] Dogmatic Questions.
[(2)] The Hesychast Controversy, A.D. 1341-1351.
§ [70.] Constitution, Worship and Life.
[(1)] The Arsenian Schism, A.D. 1262-1312.
[(2)] Public Worship.
[(3)] Monasticism.
[(4)] Endeavours at Reformation.
§ [71.] Dualistic Heretics.
[(1)] The Paulicians.
[(2)] The Children of the Sun.
[(3)] The Euchites.
[(4)] The Bogomili.
§ [72.] The Nestorian and Monophysite Churches of the East.
[(1)] The Persian Nestorians.
[(2)] Monophysite Churches.
[(3)] The Maronites.
[(4)] The Legend of Prester John.
§ [73.] The Slavonic Churches adhering to the Orthodox Greek Confession.
[(1)] Slavs in the Greek Provinces.
[(2)] The Chazari.
[(3)] The Bulgarians.
[(4)] The Russian Church.
[(5)] Russian Sects.
[(6)] Romish Efforts at Union.
SECOND DIVISION.
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GERMAN AND ROMAN CHURCH DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.
§ [74.] Character and Divisions of this Period of the Development.
[(1)] The Character of Mediæval History.
[(2)] Periods in the Church History of the German-Roman Middle Ages.
FIRST SECTION.
HISTORY OF THE GERMAN-ROMAN CHURCH FROM THE 4TH TO THE 9TH CENTURY (DOWN TO A.D. 911).
I. Founding, Spread, and Limitation of the German Church.
§ [75.] Christianity and the Germans.
[(1)] The Predisposition of the Germans for Christianity.
[(2)] Unopposed Adoption of Christianity.
[(3)] Mode of Conversion in the Church of these Times.
§ [76.] The Victory of Catholicism over Arianism.
[(1)] The Goths in the lands of the Danube.
[(2)] The Visigoths in Gaul and Spain.
[(3)] The Vandals in Africa.
[(4)] The Suevi.
[(5)] The Burgundians.
[(6)] The Rugians.
[(7)] The Ostrogoths.
[(8)] The Longobards in Italy.
[(9)] The Franks in Gaul.
§ [77.] Victory of the Romish over the Old British Church.
[(1)] The Conversion of the Irish.
[(2)] The Mission to Scotland.
[(3)] The Peculiarities of the Celtic Church.
[(4)] The Romish Mission to the Anglo-Saxons.
[(5)] Celtic Missions among the Anglo-Saxons.
[(6)] The Celtic Element Driven out of the Anglo-Saxon Church.
[(7)] Spread and Overthrow of the British Church on the Continent.
[(8)] Overthrow of the Old British System in the Iro-Scottish Church.
§ [78.] The Conversion and Romanizing of Germany.
[(1)] South-Western Germany.
[(2)] South-Eastern Germany.
[(3)] North-Western Germany.
[(4)] The Missionary Work of Boniface.
[(5)] The Organization Effected by Boniface.
[(6)] Heresies Confronted by Boniface.
[(7)] The End of Boniface.
[(8)] An Estimate of Boniface.
[(9)] The Conversion of the Saxons.
§ [79.] The Slavs in German Countries.
[(1)] The Carantanians and Avars.
[(2)] The Moravian Church.
[(3)] The Beginnings of Christianity in Bohemia.
§ [80.] The Scandinavian Nations.
[(1)] Ansgar.
[(2)] Ansgar’s Successor—Rimbert.
§ [81.] Christianity and Islam.
[(1)] Islam in Spain.
[(2)] Islam in Sicily.
II. THE HIERARCHY, THE CLERGY AND THE MONKS.
§ [82.] The Papacy and the Carolingians.
[(1)] The Period of the Founding of the States of the Church.
[(2)] Stephen III., A.D. 768-772.
Hadrian I., A.D. 772-795.
[(3)] Charlemagne and Leo III., A.D. 795-816.
[(4)] Louis the Pious and the Popes of his Time.
[(5)] The Sons of Louis the Pious and the Popes of their Days.
[(6)] The Legend of the Female Pope Joanna.
[(7)] Nicholas I. and Hadrian II.
[(8)] John VIII. and his Successors.
[(9)] The Papacy and the Nationalities.
§ [83.] The Rank of Metropolitan.
[(1)] The Position of Metropolitans in General.
[(2)] Hincmar of Rheims.
[(3)] Metropolitans in other lands.
§ [84.] The Clergy in General.
[(1)] The Superior Clergy.
[(2)] The Inferior Clergy.
[(3)] Compulsory Celibacy.
[(4)] Canonical life.
§ [85.] Monasticism.
[(1)] Benedict of Nursia.
[(2)] Benedict of Aniane.
[(3)] Nunneries.
[(4)] The Greater Monasteries.
[(5)] Monastic Practices among the Clergy.
[(6)] The Stylites.
§ [86.] The Property of Churches and Monasteries.
[(1)] The Revenues of Churches and Monasteries.
[(2)] The Benefice System.
§ [87.] Ecclesiastical Legislation.
[(1)] Older Collections of Ecclesiastical Law.
[(2)] The Collection of Decretals of the Pseudo-Isidore.
[(3)] Details of the History of the Forgery.
[(4)] The Edict and Donation of Constantine.
III. THE CHURCH AND THE PEOPLE.
§ [88.] Public Worship and Art.
[(1)] Liturgy and Preaching.
[(2)] Church Music.
[(3)] The Sacrifice of the Mass.
[(4)] The Worship of Saints.
[(5)] Times and Places for Public Worship.
[(6)] Ecclesiastical Architecture and Painting.
§ [89.] National Customs, Social Life and Church Discipline.
[(1)] Superstition.
[(2)] Popular Education.
[(3)] Christian Popular Poetry.
[(4)] Social Condition.
[(5)] Practice of Pubic Law.
[(6)] Church Discipline and Penitential Exercises.
IV. THEOLOGY AND ITS BATTLES.
§ [90.] Scholarship and Theological Science.
[(1)] Rulers of the Carolingian Line.
[Charlemagne], A.D. 768-814.
[Louis the Pious], A.D. 814-840.
[Charles the Bald], A.D. 840-877.
[(2)] The most distinguished Theologians of the Pre-Carolingian Age.
[1.] Merovingian France.
[2.] South of the Pyrenees.
[3.] England.
[(3)] The most distinguished Theologians of the Age of Charlemagne.
[1.] Alcuin.
[2.] Paulus Diaconus.
[3.] Theodulf, Bishop of Orleans.
[4.] Paulinus, Patriarch of Aquileia and Bishop Leidrad of Lyons.
[5.] Hatto, Abbot of Reichenau.
[(4)] The most distinguished Theologians of the Age of Louis the Pious.
[1.] Agobard of Lyons.
[2.] Claudius, Bishop of Turin.
[3.] Jonas of Orleans.
[4.] Amalarius of Metz.
[5.] Christian Druthmar.
[6.] Rabanus Magnentius Maurus.
[7.] Walafrid Strabo.
[(5)] The Most Distinguished Theologians of the Age of Charles the Bald.
[1.] Hincmar of Rheims.
[2.] Paschasius Radbertus.
[3.] Ratramnus.
[4.] Florus Magister.
[5.] Haymo, Bishop of Halberstadt.
[6.] Servatus Lupus.
[7.] Remigius of Auxerre.
[8.] Regius of Prüm.
[(6)]9. Anastasius Bibliothecarius.
[10.] Eulogius of Cordova.
[(7)]11. Joannes Scotus Erigena.
[(8)] The Monastic and Cathedral Schools.
[(9)] Various Branches of Theological Science.
[1.] Exegesis.
[2.] Systematic Theology.
[3.] Practical Theology.
[4.] Historical Theology.
[(10)] Anglo-Saxon Culture under Alfred the Great, A.D. 871-901.
§ [91.] Doctrinal Controversies.
[(1)] The Adoptionist Controversy, A.D. 782-799.
[(2)] Controversy about the Procession of the Holy Spirit.
[(3)] The Eucharistic Controversy, A.D. 844.
[(4)] Controversy about the Conception of the Virgin.
[(5)] The Predestinarian Controversy A.D. 847-868.
[(6)] The Trinitarian Controversy, A.D. 857.
§ [92.] Endeavours After Reformation.
[(1)] The Carolingian Opposition to Image Worship, A.D. 790-825.
[(2)] Agobard of Lyons and Claudius of Turin.