CONTENTS.

BOOK I.
STATE OF MATTERS BEFORE THE REFORMATION.
PAGE
CHAP. I.
Christianity—Formation of the Papacy—Unity of the Church—The Decretals—Hildebrand—Corruption of Doctrine,[13]
CHAP. II.
Grace and Works—Pelagianism—Penances—Indulgences—Supererogation—Purgatory—Taxation—Jubilee,[27]
CHAP. III.
Relics—Easter Merriment—Corruption of the Clergy—A Priest's Family—Education—Ignorance,[34]
CHAP. IV.
Christianity Imperishable—Opposition to Rome—Frederick the Wise—His Character—His Anticipation,[42]
CHAP. V.
The Empire—National Character—Switzerland—Italy—Spain—Portugal—France—Netherlands—England—Scotland—The North—Russia—Poland—Bohemia—Hungary,[48]
CHAP. VI.
State of Theology—Witnesses for the Truth—The Vaudois—Wickliffe—-Huss—Savonarola—John Wessel—Prolés,[58]
CHAP. VII.
Literature—Dante—Printing—Reuchlin—His Struggle with the Dominicans,[71]
CHAP. VIII.
Erasmus—His Genius—His 'Praise of Folly'—His Greek Testament—His Influence—His Failings,[82]
CHAP. IX.
The Nobles—Hütten—'Letters of some Obscure Men'—Seckingen—Cronberg—Hans Sachs—General Fermentation,[94]
BOOK II.
YOUTH, CONVERSION, AND FIRST LABOURS, OF LUTHER.
CHAP. I.
Luther—His Parentage—The Paternal Roof—Strict Discipline—School—The Shunammite—His Studies—University,[103]
CHAP. II.
Scholasticism and the Classics—Luther's Piety—His Discovery of a Bible—His Sickness—The Thunderstorm—His Entrance into a Convent,[112]
CHAP. III.
His Father's Anger—Servile Employments—His Studies—The Bible—Hebrew and Greek—His Agony during Mass—Faints,[118]
CHAP. IV.
Staupitz—His Piety—His Visitation—His Conversation—Presents Luther with a Bible—The Old Monk—Luther's Consecration—His Call to Wittemberg,[126]
CHAP. V.
The University of Wittemberg—Luther's First Employment—Biblical Lectures—Preaching at Wittemberg—The Old Chapel,[136]
CHAP. VI.
Luther's Journey to Rome—A Convent on the Po—Luther's Behaviour at Rome—Corruption of the Romish Clergy—Prevailing Immorality—Pilate's Staircase,[140]
CHAP. VII.
Doctor's Degree—Carlstadt—Luther's Oath—First Views of Reformation—The Schoolmen—Spalatin,[149]
CHAP. VIII.
'Popular Declamations'—Moral Purity of Luther—Mysticism—Spenlein—Justification by Faith—Necessity of Works,[156]
CHAP. IX.
First Theses—Visit to the Convents—Dresden—Erfurt—Tornator Peace and the Cross—Labours—The Plague,[163]
CHAP. X.
Luther and the Elector—Duke George—Luther at Court—Dinner Emser's Supper,[167]
CHAP. XI.
Theses—Human Nature—Rationalism—Eck—Urban Regius—Luther's Modesty,[172]
Book III.
THE INDULGENCES AND THESES.
CHAP. I.
Cortège—Tezel—His Discourse—Sale of Indulgences—Public Penance—Letter of Indulgence—Feasting and Debauchery,[180]
CHAP. II.
The Soul in the Burying-Ground—Shoemaker of Hagenau—Myconius—Stratagem—Miner of Schneeberg,[187]
CHAP. III.
Leo X—His Necessities—Albert—His Character—Franciscans and Dominicans,[193]
CHAP. IV.
Tezel Approaches—Luther in the Confessional—Tezel's Rage—Luther's Discourse—The Elector's Dream,[197]
CHAP. V.
Luther's Theses—Letter to Albert—Dissemination of the Theses,[203]
CHAP. VI.
Reuchlin—Erasmus—Flek—Bibra—The Emperor—The Pope—Myconius—The Monks—Adelman—An Old Priest—Bishop of Brandenburg—Luther's Moving Principle,[213]
CHAP. VII.
Tezel's Attack—Luther's Reply—Luther and Spalatin—Study of Scripture—Scheurl and Luther—Luther pleads for the People—A new Suit,[221]
CHAP. VIII.
Disputation at Frankfort—Tezel's Theses—Knipstrow—Luther's Theses burnt—Tezel's Theses burnt,[227]
CHAP. IX.
Prierio—His Dialogue—Luther's Reply—Hochstraten—Eck—'The Obelisks'—'The Asterisks,'[235]
CHAP. X.
Popular Writings—Lord's Prayer—Sermon on Repentance,[244]
CHAP. XI.
Apprehensions of Luther's Friends—Journey to Heidelberg—Bibra—The Palatinate Castle—The Paradoxes—Bucer—Brentz—Snepf—The Old Professor,[249]
BOOK FOURTH.
LUTHER BEFORE THE LEGATE.
CHAP. I.
'Solutions'—Leo X—Luther to the Bishop—To the Pope—To the Vicar-General—Rovere to the Elector—Discourse on Excommunication,[258]
CHAP. II.
Diet of Augsburg—The Emperor to the Pope—Luther cited to Rome—Luther's Peace—Intercession of the University—Papal Brief—The Pope to the Elector,[266]
CHAP. III.
Schwarzerd—His Wife—Philip Melancthon—His Genius—His Studies—Call to Wittemberg—Leipsic—Parallel between Luther and Melancthon—Education,[273]
CHAP. IV.
Luther and Staupitz—Order to Appear—Luther's Departure for Augsburg—Weimar—Nuremberg,[280]
CHAP. V.
Arrival at Augsburg—De Vio—Serra-Longa—Safe-Conduct—Luther to Melancthon,[285]
CHAP. VI.
First Appearance—Conditions of Rome—Propositions to Retract—Luther's Reply—Impressions on both Sides—Arrival of Staupitz,[293]
CHAP. VII.
Communication to the Legate—Second Appearance—Luther's Declaration—The Legate's Reply—The Legate's Volubility—Luther's Request,[299]
CHAP. VIII.
Third Appearance—Treasury of Indulgences—Humble Request—Legate's Rage—Luther Retires,[303]
CHAP. IX.
De Vio and Staupitz—Staupitz and Luther—Luther and Spalatin Communion—Departure of Staupitz and Link—Luther to Cajetan—Luther's Departure—Appeal to the Pope,[307]
CHAP. X.
Luther's Flight—Luther's Wish—The Legate to the Elector—The Elector to the Legate—Prosperity of the University,[316]
CHAP. XI.
Thoughts of Departure—Adieus to the Church—Critical Moment—Luther's Courage—Discontentment at Rome—Papal Bull—Appeal to a Council,[321]