History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century, Volume 5 / The Reformation in England

by J. H. Merle d'Aubigné

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Divinum judicium, populi suffragium, co-episcoporum consensus. Epist. 55.

[2] Clerus et populus, apostolicæ sedis, vel metropolitani sui consensu, pastorem sibi eligat. Mansi, xx, p. 533.

[3] Acta canonisationis S. Pil. V. Romæ, 1720, folio.

[4] See in particular Le Catholicisme, le Liberalisme, et le Socialisme, and other writings of Donoso Cortes, marquis of Valdegamas, one of the most distinguished members of the constitutional party in Spain.

[5] Journal des Debats, 18th January 1853.

[6] Britannorum inaccessa Romanis loca Christo vero subdita. (Tertullian contra Judæos, lib. vii) Parts of Britain inaccessible to the Romans were, however, subjected to Christ. This work, from its bearing no traces of Montanism, seems to belong to the first part of Tertullian's life. See also Origen in Lucam, cap. i. homil. 6.

[7] Lactantius, de mortibus persecutorum, cap. xii.

[8] Multi ex Brittonibus Christiani sævitiam Diocletiani timentes ad eos coufugerant........ut vita functorum cellæ in templa commutarentur. (Buchanan, iv. c. xxxv.) Many Christians from Britain, fearing the cruelty of Diocletian, took refuge among the Scots......and the cells in which their holy lives were spent, were changed into churches.

[9] In baptismo haud Patricium sed Succat a parentibus fuisse dictum. (Usser. Brit. Eccl. Antiq. p. 428.) At his baptism he was named by his parents not Patrick but Succat.

[10] Martini Turonum archiepiscopi consanguineam. Ibid.

[11] Cujus porcorum, pastor erat. Usser. Brit. Eccl. Antiq. p. 431.

[12] Et ibi Dominus aperuit sensum incredulitatis meæ, ut vel sero remorarem delicta mea, et ut converterer torto corde ad Dominum Deum meum. Patr. Confess. Usser. 431.

[13] Ut etiam in sylvis et monte manebam, et ante lucem excitabar ad orationem per nivem, per gelu, per pluviam...... quia tunc Spiritus in me fervebat. Patr. Confess. Usser, 432.

[14] Valde compunctus sum corde et sic expergefactus. (Patr. Confess. Usser. 433.) I was vehemently pricked in my heart, and so awoke.

[15] Jocelinus, Vita in Acta Sanctorum.

[16] Verum Britanni cum neque suscipere dogma perversum, gratiam Christi blasphemando nullatenus vellent. Beda. Hist. Angl. lib. i, cap. xvii, et xxi.

[17] Depravati viam correctionis agnoscerent. Beda, Hist. Angl. lib. i. cap. xvii. et xxi.

[18] Prædicaturus verbum Dei. Usser. Antiq p. 359.

[19] I visited Iona in 1845 with Dr. Patrick M'Farlan, and saw these ruins. One portion of the building seems to be of primitive architecture.

[20] Nulli post apostolos secundus. (Notker.) Second to none after the apostles.

[21]

Qui de prosapia regali claruit,
Sed morum gratia magis emicuit.
Usser. Antiq. p. 360.

He was distinguished by his royal descent, but his character rendered him still more illustrious.

[22] Prolatis Sanctæ Scripturæ testimoniis. (Adomn. 1. i. c. 22.) The testimony of the Holy Scriptures being exhibited.

[23] Bishop Munter, Altbritische Kirche. Stud. und Krit. vi. 745.

[24] Meliores sunt ergo qui non magno opere jejunant, cor intrinsecus nitidum coram Deo sollicite servantes. (Gildas in ejusd. Synod. Append.) Those are better who, though not fasting very particularly, keep diligently before God a heart pure within.

[25] In Hibernia episcopi et presbyteri unum sunt. (Ekkehardi liber. Arx. Geschichte von S. Gall. i. 267.) In Ireland bishops and presbyters are equal.

[26] Patrem habui Calpornium diaconum filium quondam Potiti Presbyteri. Patricii Confessio. Even as late as the twelfth century we meet with married Irish bishops. (Bernard, Vita Malachiæ, cap. x.) My father was Calpurnius son of Potitus once a presbyter.

[27] In die quidem dominica alia tamen quam dicebat hebdomade celebrabant. Beda, lib. iii. cap. iv.

[28] Augustinus novam religionem docet.....dum ad unius episcopi romani dominatum omnia revocat. (Buchan. lib. v. cap. xxxvi.) Augustine teaches a new religion ... when he reduces all under the dominion of the bishop of Rome alone.

[29] Habere autem solet ipsa insula rectorem semper abbatem presbyterum cujus juri et omnis provincia et ipsi etiam episcopi, ordine inusitato, debeant esse subjecti, juxta exemplum primi doctoris illius qui non episcopus sed presbyter exstitit et monachus. (Beda, Hist. Eccl. iii. cap. iv.) Moreover it was always the custom to have as governor in that island an abbot who is a presbyter, to whose direction the entire province and also the bishops contrary to the usual method are subject, according to the example of their first teacher, who was not a bishop, but a presbyter and monk.

[30] Idem est ergo presbyter qui episcopus, et antequam diaboli instinctu studia in religione fierent. ... communi presbyterorum concilio Ecclesiæ gubernabantur. Indifferenter de episcopo quasi de presbytero est loquntus (Paulus) .... sciant episcopi se, magis consuetudine quam dispositionis dominicæ veritate, presbyteris esse majores. (Hieronymus ad Titum, i. 5.) A presbyter accordingly is the same as a bishop, and before that by a suggestion of the devil, party strife entered into religion..... the churches were governed by a common council of presbyters. Paul spake without any distinction between bishops and presbyters..... the bishops know that it is to custom rather than to any actual direction of the Lord that they owe their superiority to presbyters.

[31] Bishop Munter makes this remark in his dissertation On the Ancient British Church, about the primitive identity of bishops and priests, and episcopal consecration. Stud. und Krit. an. 1833.

[32] Natio Scotorum quibus consuetudo peregrinandi jam pæne in naturam conversa est. (Vita S. Galli, Sec. 47.) The nation of the Scots in whom the habit of travelling abroad had already almost become a second nature.

[33] They were called episcopi regionarii because they had no settled diocese.

[34] Antiquo tempore, doctissimi solebant magistri de Hibernia Britanniam, Galliam, Italiam venire, et multos per ecclesias Christi fecisse profectus. (Alcuin, Epp. ccxxi.) In ancient times the most learned teachers were accustomed to come from Ireland to Britain, Gaul, and Italy, and to make numerous journeys among the churches of Christ.

[35] Thierry, in his Hist. de la Conquete de l'Angleterre, makes Columba and Columbanus one personage. Columba preached the Gospel in Scotland about 560, and died in 597; Columbanus preached among the Burgundians in 600, and died in 615.

[36] Ignitum igne Domini desiderium. Mabillon, Acta, p. 9.

[37] Salva loci dominicæ resurrectionis singulari prœrogativa. (Columb. Vita, section 10.) Excepting by its peculiar prerogative the place of the Lord's resurrection.

[38] Nefandi nominis Saxoni Deo hominibusque invisi. (Gildas, De excidio Britanniæ.) The execrable name of Saxon, hateful to God and men.

[39] He says (Epp. lib. ix, ep. xii.): De Constantinopolitana ecclesia quis eam dubitet apostolicæ sedi esse subjectam? Concerning the church of Constantinople, who doubts that it is subject to the apostolical see.

[40] We know the history of Tahiti and of other modern missions of the Romish church.

[41] Subjectos vestros. (Opp. Gregorii, tom. iv. p 334.) Your subjects.

[42] Prona in bonis operibus . . . in omnipotentis Dei timore. (Ibid. tom. ii. p. 835.) Disposed to good works . . . in the fear of God omnipotent.

[43] We find the same idea in Wiseman, Lect. ix, On the principal doctrines and practices of the Catholic church. London, 1836.

[44] Hoepfner, De origine dogmatis de purgatorio. Halle, 1792.

[45] In the history of Oswald, king of Northumberland.

[46] Bann-cor, the choir on the steep hill. Carlisle. Top. Dict. Wales.

[47] Ars unicuique dabatur, ut ex opero manuum quotidiano se posset in victu necessario continere. (Preuves de l'hist de Bretagne, ii, 25.) An art was given to each, that by the daily labour of their hands, each might be able to supply himself with the necessities of life.

[48] Istam obedientiam nos multius parati dare et solvere ei et cuique Christiano continuo Wilkins, Conc, M. Brit. i. 26.

[49] Dionothus de non approbanda apud eos Romanorum auctoritate disputabat. Wilkins, Conc. M. Brit. 24.

[50] Ordinationesque more asiatico eisdem contulisse. Ibid. 24.

[51] In communionem admittere vel Romanorum fastum vel Saxonum tyrannidem. Ibid. i, 26.

[52] According to the apostolic precept, 1 Cor. 5, 9. 1.

[53] Dagamus ad nos veniens, non solum cibum nobiscum, sed nec in eodem hospitio quo vescebamur, sumere, noluit. (Beda, lib. ii, cap. iv.) Dagam coming to us, not only refused to eat with us, but even to take his food in the same house where we were entertained.

[54] Ad quendam virum sanctum et prudentam qui apud eos anachoreticam ducere vitam solebat, consulentes an ad prædicationem Augustini suas deserere traditiones deberent. (Beda, Hist. Eccl. lib. ii. cap. ii.) They took counsel of a certain holy and wise man who led among them the life of a hermit, whether at the preaching of Augustine they ought to abandon their own traditions.

[55] Factumque est ut venientibus illis sederet Augustinus in sella. Ibid.

[56] Si pacem cum fructibus accipere nollent, bellum ab hostibus forent accepturi ... Ibid.

[57] Ipsum Augustinum hujus belli non modo conscium sed et impulsorem exstitisse. Wilkins adds, that the expression found in Bede, concerning the death of Augustine, is a parenthesis foisted in by Romanist writers, and not found in the Saxon manuscripts. (Conc. Brit. p. 26.) Augustine himself was not only accessory to that war, but he was even its instigator.

[58] Ad memoratam aciem, peracto jejunio triduano, cum aliis orandi causa convenerant. (Beda, ii, cap. ii.) At the aforesaid engagement, after three days had been spent in fasting, they met together with others for prayer.

[59] Extinctos in ea pugna ferunt de his qui ad orandum venerunt viros circiter mille ducentos. Beda, lib. ii, cap. ii.

[60] Sic completum est presagium sancti pontificis Augustini. Ibid.

[61] Apparuit ei beatissimus apostolorum princeps, et multo illum tempore secretæ noctis flagellis acrioribus afficiens. Beda, ii. cap. vi.

[62] Cum magna nobilium juventute apud Scotos sive Pictos exulabant, ibique ad doctrinam Scottorum cathechisati et baptismatis gratia sunt recreati. (Beda, iii. cap. i.) They were exiled among the Scots or Picts with many youths of noble rank, and there they were instructed in the doctrine of the Scots and were converted by the grace of baptism.

[63] Superveniente cum parvo exercitu, sed fide Christi munito. Beda, lib. iii, cap. i.

[64] Desiderans totam cui præesse cœpit gentem fidei Christianæ gratia imbui. (Ibid. cap. iii.) Desiring that the whole nation over which he ruled might be imbued with the grace of the Christian faith.

[65] Aydanus accepto gradu episcopatus, quo tempore eodem monasterio Segenius abbas et presbyter præfuit. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. v.) Aidan having received the dignity of a bishop at the time when Segenius, abbot and presbyter, presided over that monastery. When Bede tells us that a plain priest was president, he excludes the idea that there were bishops in the assembly. See 1 Timothy, iv, 14.

[66] Evangelisante antistite, ipse Rex suis ducibus ac ministris interpres verbi existeret cœlestis. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. iii.) When the bishop was preaching, the king himself interpreted the heavenly message to his officers and servants.

[67] Confluebant ad audiendum verbum Dei populi gaudentes. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. iii.) The people eagerly flocked together to hear the word of God.

[68] Mox congregati in unum vicani, verbum vitæ ab illo expetere curabant. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. xxvi.) Presently the villagers flocked together earnestly desiring to hear from him the word of life.

[69] Aydanus duodecimo post occisionem regis quem amabat die, de seculo ablatus. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. xiv.) Aidan on his twelfth day after the death of the king whom he loved, was taken out of the world.

[70] Cum rex pascha dominicum solutis jejuniis faceret, tunc regina cum suis persistens adhuc in jejunio diem l'almarum celebraret. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. xxv.) When the king having ended the time of fasting, was keeping Easter, the queen with her attendants still fasting, was celebrating Palm Sunday.

[71] Acris erat ingenii . . . . . gratia venusti vultus, alacritate actionis. Beda, lib. v, p. 135.

[72] Apertum veritatis adversarium reddidit, says the Romanist Bede, lib. v. p. 135. Had rendered him an open enemy of the truth.

[73] This conference is generally known as the Synodus Pharensis (from Strenæshalh, sinus Phari). "Hodie Whitbie dicitur (White bay), et est villa in Eboracensi littore satis nota" Wilkius, Concii. p. 37, note.

[74] Presbyteri Cedda et Adda et Berti Duina, quorum ultimus natione Scotus, cæteri fuere Angli. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. xxi) These presbyters were Cedda and Adda and Berti and Dinna, of whom the last was by nation a Scot, the rest were English.

[75] Qui accepto gradu episcopatus et majore auctoritate cœptum opus explens, fecit per loca ecclesias, presbyteros et diaconos ordinavit. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. xxii.) Who having received the episcopal dignity and pursuing the work he had begun with more ample authority, built churches in various places, and ordained presbyters and deacons.

[76] Ipsum est quod beatus evangelista Johannes, discipulus specialiter Domino dilectus. Beda, lib. iii. cap. xxv.

[77] Pictos dico ac Brittones, cum quibus de duabus ultimis oceani insulis, contra totum orbem stulto labore pugnant. Ibid.

[78] John xx 23; Matth. xviii. 18.

[79] Ne forte me adveniente ad fores regni cœlorum, non sit qui reserat. Beda. lib. ii. cap. xxv.

[80] John x, 9; Rev. iii, 7.

[81] Horæ Britannicæ, b. ii, p. 277.

[82] Ipse perplura catholicæ observationis moderamina ecclesiis Anglorum sua doctrina contulit. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. xxvlii) He by his doctrine brought into the churches of England many rules of catholic observance.

[83] Omnes subjectos suos meditatur die ac nocte ad fidem catholicam atque apostolicam pro suæ animæ redemptione converti. (Beda, lib. iii, cap. xxix.) He studies day and night that all his subjects may be converted to the catholic and apostolic faith, for the salvation of his own soul.

[84] Quis enim audiens hæc suavia non lætetur? Ibid.

[85] Conjugi, nostræ spirituali filiæ, crucem...... (Beda, lib. iii. cap. xxix.) To your consort, our spiritual daughter, a cross.....

[86] Minime voluimus nunc reperire pro longinquitate itineris. (Ibid.) On account of the length of the journey, we have not been able to find...

[87] Ut diligenter attenderet, ne quid ille contrarium veritati, fidei. Græcorum more, in ecclesiam cui præesset introduceret. (Beda, lib. iv. cap. i.) That he should constantly attend him, lest after the manner of the Greeks, he should introduce any thing contrary to the true faith into the church over which he presided.

[88] Peragrata insula tota, rectum vivendi ordinem disseminabat. (Ibid. cap. ii.) He visited the whole island, and taught the right rule of life.

[89] Cum Ceadda Episcopum argueret non fuisse rite consecratum, ipse (Theodorus) ordinationem, ejus denuo catholica ratione consummavit. (Beda, lib. iv. cap. ii.) When he charged Cedda with not being a regularly ordained bishop, he (Theodore) himself completed his ordination after the catholic manner.

[90] Ut si ab infirmitate salvaretur, etiam Romam venire, ibique ad loca sancta vitam finire. Beda, lib. iv. cap. ii.

[91] Quibus statim protuli eundem librum canonum. (Ibid. cap. v.) To whom I straightway presented the same book of canons.

[92] Vi tempestatis in occidentalia Britanniæ littora delatus est. Beda, lib. v, cap. xvi.

[93] Lapis qui ad ostium monumenti positus erat, fissus est. (Ibid. cap. xvii.) The stone which was laid at the door of the sepulchre is now cleft in two.

[94] Porrexit autem librum tunc Adamnanus Alfrido regi. Ibid. cap. xvi.

[95] Ne contra universalem ecclesiæ morem, cum suis paucissimis et in extremo mundi angulo positis, vivere præsumeret. Beda, lib. v, cap. xvi.

[96] Curavit suos ad eum veritatis calcem producere, nec voluit. Beda, lib. v. cap. xvi.

[97] Nec tamen perficere quod conabatur posset. Ibid. The conversions of which abbot Ceolfrid speaks in chap. xxii. are probably those effected in Ireland, the word Scotia being at this period frequently applied to that country.

[98] Architectos sibi mitti petiit qui juxta morem Romanorum ecclesiam facerent. Beda, lib. v. cap. xxii.

[99] Et hanc accipere tonsuram, omnes qui in meo regno sunt clericos decerno. Ibid.

[100] Nec mora, quæ? dixerat regia auctoritate perfecit. Ibid.

[101] Per universas Pictorum provincias....tondebantur omnes in coronam ministri altaris ac monachi. (Ibid.) Throughout all the provinces of the Picts ... all the ministers of the altar and monks had the crown shorn.

[102] Sedulis exhortationibus inveteratam illam traditionem parentum eorum. (Beda, lib. v. cap. xxiii.) By his frequent exhortations, he converted them from that inveterate tradition of their ancestors.

[103] Pietate largiendi de his quæ a divitibus acceperat, multum profuit. (Ibid. cap. xxvii.) He did much good by the pious distribution of those gifts which he had received from the rich.

[104] Cum se existimaret esse moriturum, egressus est tempore matutino de cubiculo, et residens solus..... Beda, lib. iii. cap. xxvii.

[105] Precabatur ne adhuc mori deberet priusquam vel præteritas negligentias perfectim ex tempore castigaret, vel in bonis es operibus abundantius exerceret. Ibid.

[106] Quia aratra eorum non recte incedunt; oportet autem eum ad rectum hæc tramitem revocare. Beda, lib. iii. cap. xxvii.

[107] Ad ritum tonsuræ canonicum sub figura coronæ perpetuæ. (Beda, lib. v. cap. xxiii.) To the canonical rite of the tonsure under the form of a perpetual crown.

[108] Sicut a contra Brittones, inveterati et claudicantes a semitis suis, et capita ferre sine corona prætendunt. (Beda, lib. v, cap. xxiii.) Even as, on the contrary, the Britons, inveterate and halting in their paths, expose their heads without a crown.

[109] Alter qui dicitur Clemens, genere Scotus est. Bonifacii epistola ad Papam, Labbei concilia ad ann. 745.

[110] Canones ecclesiarum Christi abnegat et refutat. Ibid.

[111] Synodalia jura spernens. Ibid.

[112] Tractatus et sermones sanctorum patrum, Hieronymi, Augustini, Gregorii recusat. Ibid.

[113] Clemens contra catholicam contendit ecclesiam. Bonifacii epistola ad Papam, Labbei concilia ad ann. 745.

[114] Multa alia horribilia de prædestinatione Dei, contraria fidei catholicæ affirmat. Ibid.

[115] Sacerdotio privans, reduci facit in custodiam. Concilium Romanum. Bonifacii epistola ad Papam, Labbei concilia ad ann. 745.

[116] Propter ista enim, persecutiones et inimicitias et maledictiones multorum populorum patior. (Ibid.) For on account of these things, I suffer the persecution and hatred and maledictions of multitudes.

[117] Poculum argenteum et sindonem unam. Gemuli Ep. Ibid.

[118] Perversa doctrina......quod alius mundus et alii homines sub terra sint. (Zachariæ papæ Ep. ad Bonif. Labbei concilia, vi. p. 152.) A heretical doctrine.....that there is another world and other men under the earth.

[119] Prius ratione utendum ac deinde auctoritate. Auctoritas ex vera ratione processit, ratio vero nequaquam ex auctoritate. De div. prædestin.

[120] Deum in omnibus esse. (De divisione naturæ, b. 74.) That God is in all things.

[121] A portion of the law of God translated by Alfred may be found in Wilkins, Concilia, i. p. 186 et seq.

[122] Divino animi ardore repente inflammatus, regi inquit: Melior te his me ornavit cui et reddam. Wilkins, Concilia, i, 367.

[123] Respondit rex et dixit se velle omnes baculos pastorales Angliæ in manu sus tenere. Script. Anglic. Lond. 1652, fol. p. 1327.

[124] Lanfranc ad hæc miratus est, sed propter majores ecclesiæ Christi utilitates, quas sine rege perficere non potuit, ad tempus siluit. Ibid.

[125] Sacerdotes vero in castellis vel in vicis habitantes habentes uxores, non cogantur ut dimittant. Wilkins, Concilia, i. p. 367.

[126] Nemo enim omnium regum, etiam paganorum.... Greg. lib vii. Ep. i. ad Hubert.

[127] Pecunias sine honore tributas, quanti pretii habeam. Ibid.

[128] Gemma principum esse meruisti. Greg. lib. vii. Epp. xxiii. ad Gulielm.

[129] Facilius lenitatis dulcedine ac rationis ostensione, quam austeritate vel rigore justitiæ. Ibid. Ep. v. ad Hugonem.

[130] In loco passionis et ubi sepultus est, paralytici curantur, cœci vident, surdi audiunt. (Johan. Salisb. Epp. 286.) In the place of his suffering and where he was buried, paralytics are cured, the blind see, and the deaf hear.

[131] Significasti si quidem nobis, fili carissime, te Hiberniæ insulam ad subdendum illum populum velle intrare, nos itaque gratum et acceptum habemus ut pro dilatandis ecclesiæ terminis insulam ingrediaris. (Adrian IV., Bulla 1154 in Rymer, Acta Publica.) If indeed you have intimated, dear son, that you wish to invade Ireland to subdue that people, we are accordingly well pleased, that for the purpose of extending the bounds of the church, you should invade that island.

[132] Resignavit coronam suam in manus domini papæ. Matth. Paris, 198 et 207.

[133] Cum juramento furibunds. Ibid. 213.

[134] Sub intimatione anathematis prohibentes ne dictus rex eam observare præsumat. Matth. Paris, 224.

[135] Arreptos baculos et stipites more furiosi nunc corrodere, nunc corrosos confringere. Ibid. 222.

[136] Uxores et filias suas ludibrio expositas. Ibid. 231.

[137] Discurrebant sicarii cæde humana cruentati, noctivagi, incendiarii, strictis ensibus. Ibid.

[138] Sic barones lacrymantes et lamentantes regem et papam maledixerunt. Matth. Paris, 234.

[139] Aperta est in mediis fluctibus terra et voraginis abyssus, quæ absorbuerunt universa cum hominibus et equis. Ibid. 242.

[140] Novi ciceris potatione nimis repletus. Ibid. ad ann. 1216.

[141] The Romish church distinguishes three kinds of worship: latria, that paid to God; doulia, to saints; and hyperdoulia, to the Virgin Mary.

[142] Non puri hominis sed veri Dei vicem gerit in terris. (Innocent III. Epp. lib. vi. i. 335.) He wields on earth the power, not of a holy man but of the true God.

[143] Ut trecentis Romanis in primis beneficiis vacantibus providerent. Matth. Paris, ann. 1240.

[144] Absit et quod.....hæc sedes et in ea præsidentes causa sint schismatis apparentis. Ortinnus Gratius, ed. Brown, fol. 251.

[145] Obedienter non obedio sed contradico et rebello. Matth. Paris, ad. ann. 1252.

[146] Scripturarum sedulus perscrutator diversarum, Romanorum malleus et contemptor. (Matth. Paris, vol. ii, p. 876, fol. Lond. 1640.) A thorough searcher of the various Scriptures, a hammer to and a despiser of the Romans. Sixteen of his writings (Sermones et epistolæ) will be found in Brown, app. ad Fasciculum.

[147] Nocte apparuit ei episcopos vultu severo, intuitu austero, ac voce terribili. Ibid. 883.

[148] Quanto magis a papa maledicebatur, tanto plus a populo benedicebatur. Ibid. ad ann. 1257.

[149] Pasce oves meas, non tonde, non excoria, non eviscera, vel devorando consume. Ibid. ad ann. 1258.

[150] Fuller's Church History, cent. xiv, p. 90, fol. Lond. 1655.

[151] His Arithmetic and Geometry have been published; but I am not aware if that is the case with his Astronomical Tables.

[152] Quot, Domine, hodie cum Pelagio pro libero arbitrio contra gratuitam gratiam tuam pugnant? De causa Dei adversus Pelagium, libri tres, Lond. 1618.

[153] Nequaquam gratuita sed vendita. Ibid.

[154] Suam voluntatem præire ut dominam, tuam subsequi ut ancillam. Ibid.

[155] Totus pæne mundus post Pelagium abiit in errorem. Ibid.

[156] Habent imperia suos terminos; huc cum venerint, sistunt, retrocedunt, ruunt. Fuller's Hist. cent. xiv, p. 116.

[157] The most natural meaning of the word præmunire (given more particularly to the act of 1393) seems to be that suggested by Fuller, cent. xiv, (p. 148): to fence and fortify the regal power from foreign assault. See the whole bill, Ibid. p. 145-147.

[158] Execrabile statutum....fœdum et turpe facinus. Martin V to the Duke of Bedford, Fuller, cent. xiv. p. 148.

[159] When they have overmuch riches, both in great waste houses and precious clothes, in great feasts and many jewels and treasures. Wickliffe's Tracts and Treatises, edited by the Wickliffe Society, p. 224.

[160] Ibid, 240.

[161] Come again with bright heads. Ibid.

[162] Wickliffe, The Last Age of the Church.

[163] Long debating and deliberating with himself, with many secret sighs. Fox, Acts and M, i, p. 485, fol. Lond. 1684.

[164] These opinions are reported by Wickliffe, in a treatise preserved in the Selden MSS. and printed by Mr. J. Lewis, in his History of Wickliffe, App. No. 30, p. 349. He was present during the debate; quam audivi in quodam concilio a dominis secularibus. As I heard in a certain consultation among the lords temporal.

[165] Rymer, vii, p. 33, 83-88.

[166] The proud worldly priest of Rome, and the most cursed of clippers and purse-kervers. Lewis, History of Wickliffe, p. 37. Oxford, 1820.

[167] Fox, Acts, i, p. 437. fol. Lond. 1684.

[168] Fuller, Church Hist. cent. xiv. p. 135.

[169] Fell furiously on the lords. Ibid. 136.

[170] Vaughan's Wickliffe, Appendix, vol. i, p. 434.

[171] Fuller's Church Hist. cent. xiv, p. 137.

[172] Walsingham, Hist. Angliæ Major, p. 203.

[173] Propono et volo esse ex integro Christianus, et quamdiu manserit in me halitus, profitens verbo et opere legem Christi. Vaughan's Wickliffe, i. p. 426.

[174] A private statute made by the clergy. Fox, Acts, i, 503.

[175] Exposition of the Decalogue.

[176] Fox, Acts, i. p. 503.

[177] Petrie's Church History, i. p. 504.

[178] Fox, Acts, i. p. 578.

[179] Evangelica margarita spargitur et a porcis conculcatur. Knyghton, De eventibus Angliæ, p. 264.

[180] It is heresy to speak of the Holy Scripture in English. Wickliffe's Wicket, p. 4. Oxford, 1612, quarto.

[181] Weber, Akatholische Kirchen, i, p. 81.

[182] Efficax ejus signum. Conclusio 1^ma. Vaughan, ii, p. 436, App.

[183] Wycleff's Wyckett, Tracts, pp. 276, 279.

[184] Væ generationi adulteræ quæ plus credit testimonio Innocentii quam sensui Evangelii. Confessio, Vaughan, ii, 453, App.

[185] Quod Deus debet obedire diabolo. Mansi, xxvi. p. 695. Wickliffe denied having written or spoken the sentiment here ascribed to him.

[186] From lollen, to sing; as beggards (beggars) from beggen.

[187] A Complaint of John Wycleff. Tracts and Treaties edited by the Wickliffe Society, p. 268.

[188] Finaliter veritas vincet eos. Vaughan, Appendix, ii. p. 453.

[189] This is the reading of the Bodleian manuscript—"and be [by] this it passes all other laws." In Fox, Wickliffe appears to ascribe to Christ himself this superiority over all Scripture,—a distinction hardly in the mind of the reformer or of his age.

[190] An Epistle of J. Wickliffe to Pope Urban VI. Fox, Acts, i. p. 507, fol. Lond. 1684; also Lewis, Wickliffe, p. 333, Append.

[191] Ideo si essent centum papæ, et omnes fratres essent versi in cardinales, non deberet concedi sententiæ suæ in materia fidei, nisi de quanto se fundaverint in Scriptura. Trialogus, lib. iv. cap. vii.

[192] Vaughan's Life of Wickliffe, ii, p. 215, 257.

[193] De universalibus realibus.

[194] Auctoritas Scripturæ sacræ, quæ est lex Christi, infinitum excedit quam libet scripturam aliam. Dialog. [Trialogus] lib. iii. cap. xxx; see in particular chap. xxxi. The authority of Holy Scripture, which is the law of Christ, infinitely surpasses all other writings whatever.

[195] Ibid. de prædestinatione, de peccato, de gratia, etc.

[196] Dialog. [Trialogus] lib. iii, cap. xxx.

[197] Fidem a Deo infusam sine aliqua trepidatione fidei contraria. Ibid. lib. iii, cap. ii.

[198] Secundum rationem spiritualis et virtualis existentiæ. Ibid. lib. iv, cap. viii.

[199] Fuit idem presbyter atque episcopus. Ibid. lib. iv, cap. xv.

[200] Vaughan's Life of Wickliffe, ii, 307. The Christian public is much indebted to Dr. Vaughan for his biography of this reformer

[201] Multitudo fratrum mortem tuam multipliciter machinantur. Ibid. lib. iv, cap. iv.

[202] Aliqui fratres quos Deus docere dignatur....relicta sua perfidia.....redibunt libere ad religionem Christi primævam, et tunc ædificabunt ecclesiam, sicut Paulus. Dialog. [Trialogus] lib. iv, cap. xxx.

[203] John Huss in Bohemia.

[204] Assistere solent gladio et pelta stipati ad eorum defensionem. Knyghton, lib. v, p. 2660.

[205] Milites cum ducibus et comitibus erant præcipue eis adhærentes. Ibid.

[206] Quasi germinantes multiplicati sunt nimis et impleverunt ubique orbem regni. Kuyguton. lib. v, p. 2660. These "Conclusiones" are reprinted by Lewis (Wickliffe) p. 337.

[207] Rex et episcopus in una persona, etc. Ibid.

[208] Fox, Acts, i. p. 584, fol. Lond. 1684.

[209] Ibid. p. 586. This is the statute known as 2 Henry IV. c. 15, the first actual law in England against heresy.

[210] Ibid. p. 589.

[211] Not of pure man but of true God, here in earth. Ibid. p. 596.

[212] "Jesus is my love." These words are still to be read in the tower.

[213] Blackmore.

[214] Eorum prædicationibus nefariis interfuit, et contradictores, si quos repererat, minis et terroribus et gladii secularis potentia compescuit. (Rymer, Fœdera. tom. iv. pars 2, p. 50.) He attended their interdicted preaching, and if he found any interrupting them, he kept them in check by threats and terrors and by the power of the secular sword.

[215] Fox, vol. i. p. 636, fol.

[216] Fox, Acts, i. p. 637.

[217] Quod nullam absolutionem in hac parte peteret a nobis, sed a solo Deo. Rymer, Fœdera, p. 51.

[218] Incendio propter Deum, suspendio propter regem. Thom. Waldensis in proemio. Raynald, ann. 1414. No. 16.

[219] Pudorem plus quam virgineum. Erasm. Ep. i. p. 525.

[220] Life of More by his Great-grandson, (1828), p. 93.

[221] Cum mulieribus fere atque etiam cum uxore nonnisi lusus jocos ne tractat. Erasm. Ep. i. p. 536.

[222] Quantum ibi devorabatur ovorum putrium, quantum vini putris hauriebatur. Erasm. Colloq. p. 564.

[223] Dici non potest quam mihi dulcescat Anglia tua . . . . vel in extrema Scythia vivere non recusem. Erasm. Ep. i. p. 311.

[224] Erasm. Ep. ad Botzhem. Jortin. Appendix, p. 108.

[225] Principes summa nocte ad thalamum solemni ritu deducti sunt. Sanderus, de schismate Angl. p. 2.

[226] Morysin's Apomaxis.

[227] Herbert, Life of Henry VIII, p. 18.

[228] Leland's Collectanea, vol. iv. p. 309.

[229] Scripsit ad me suapte manu litteras amantissimas. Erasm. Vita ad Ep.

[230] Ut hoc novum sidus aspicias. Ibid. p. 277: an expression of Virgil, speaking of the deified Augustus.

[231] Ridet æther, exultat terra, omnia lactis, omnia mellis, omnia nectaris sunt plena. Ibid.

[232] Vestem albam commutavit in nigram. Epp. ad Servat.

[233] The pope suddenly marvelling at the strangeness of the song. Fox. Acts, v. 364, ed. Lond. 1838.

[234] Admirabatur quidem uxoris sanctitatem. Sanders. p. 5.

[235] Ut amor plus apud regem posset. Morysin Apom. p. 14.

[236] Herbert's Henry VIII, p. 7. Fuller's Church Hist. Book V. p. 165. Erasm. Ep. ad Amerb. p. 19.

[237] Tyndale, Obedience of a Christian man (1528).

[238] Eximia corporis forma præditus, in qua etiam regiæ majestatis augusta quædam species elucebat. (Sanderus de Schism., p. 4.) He was endowed with uncommon gracefulness of person, in which there shone forth a certain august air even of kingly majesty.

[239] Turner. Hist. Engl. i. p. 28.

[240] Odorifico musco aspersam. Wilkins, Concilia, iii. p. 652.

[241] Letter of Cardinal Bembridge. Cotton MSS. Vitell. B. 2, p. 8.

[242] Dr. Colet was in trouble and should have been burnt. Latimer's Sermons. Parker edition, p. 440.

[243] The French original is preserved among Archbishop Parker's MSS. at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. The translation in the text is (with a slight variation) from Sir H. Ellis's Collection of royal and other letters. vol. ii. second series.

[244] Cujus mensa talibus luminibus cingitur. Erasm. Ep. 725.

[245] Loca sacra etiam ipsa Dei templa monialium stupro et sanguinis et seminis effusione profanare non verentur. Papal bull. Wilkins, Concilia, p. 632.

[246] Morbus venereus. Burnet.

[247] Wherein much vice and wickedness was harboured. Strype, i. 169. The names of the monasteries are given. Ibid. ii. 132.

[248] Instituit collegium et absolvit popinam. Fuller, cent. xvi. p. 169.

[249] Ita suspiciebat admirabilem illam Christi majestatem. Erasm. Epp. 707.

[250] Colet, Sermon to the Convocation.

[251] Pene apostolus Paulus habitus est. (Polyd. Virg. p. 618.) He was accounted almost an apostle Paul.

[252] Beware of the Greeks, lest you should become a heretic.

[253] Hæc Wolseius non surdis audierit auribus. (Polyd. Virg. 622.) Wolsey heard these words, not with deaf ears.

[254] Domi suæ voluptatum omnium sacrarium fecit. (Polyd. Virg. 623.) He made his house a shrine of all voluptuousness.

[255] Latimer's Sermons (Parker Society), p. 119.

[256] He calked [calculated] the king's nativity ... he made by craft of necromancy graven imagery to bear upon him, wherewith he bewitched the king's mind. Tyndale's Expositions (Parker Soc.) p. 308.

[257] Foxe, Acts and Mon. ii. p. 8. Folio, 1684, London.

[258] Foxe, Acts and Mon. ii. p. 8. Folio. 1684, London.

[259] Ibid. p. 13. "And so all we murdered Hun ... and so Hun was hanged." (Evidence of Charles Joseph.)

[260] For particulars of the Inquest, see Foxe, Acts and Mon. ii. 14.

[261] Verdict on the Inquest; Foxe, 12.

[262] Foxe, Acts, ii, p. 7. His feet bound under his own horse.

[263] His bare feet were set upon hot burning coals. The Lollards (edit. Tract Soc.), p. 149.

[264] A young maid of his house coming by saw her master; she ran home. Ibid. p. 50.

[265] Foxe, Acts and Mon. ii. p. 8 (folio 1684), iv. p. 132 (Lond. 1838). We shall in future refer to the latter edition, as being more accessible.

[266] Bade cast in his children also, for they would spring of his ashes. Ibid.

[267] Ad. Muller.

[268] Frobenio, ut nullius officinæ plus debeant sacrarum studia literarum. (Erasm. Ep. p. 330.) The study of sacred literature was more indebted to no printing-office than to that of Frobenius.

[269] James of Juterbock, prior of the Carthusians: De septem ecclesiæ statibus opusculum.

[270] A private combination, etc. Strype's Memorials, i. part ii. p. 16.

[271] In evangelicis litteris, sermo ille cœlestis, quondam e corde Patris ad nos profectus. (Erasm. Leoni, Ep. p. 1843) That heavenly word in the Gospel, formerly sent to us from the bosom of the Father.

[272] Opus avidissime rapitur ...... amatur, manibus teritur (Er. Ep. 557.) The work is most eagerly seized.... it is embraced, it is clasped in the hands.

[273] Oblatrabant sycophantæ. (Erasm. Ep. p. 329.) The slanderers howled.

[274] Paraclesis ad lectorem pium. Consolation to the pious reader.

[275] Quam stolide debacchati sunt quidam e suggestis ad populum. (Erasm. Ep. p. 1193.) How stupidly some of them raved to the people out of their pulpits.

[276] Nos clamitans esse grues (cranes) et bestias. (Ibid. p. 914.) Calling out that we are cranes and brutes.

[277] Pacæus in regem conjecit oculos.....Is mox Pacæo suaviter arrisit. Erasm. Ep. p. 914.

[278] Tum rex: ut qui inquit, spiritus iste non erat Christi sed stultitiæ. Ibid.

[279] Græcis, inquit, literis non perinde sum infensus, quod originem habeant ex lingua hebraica. Ibid. p. 347.

[280] Erant tempora tranquilla. (Erasm. Ep. 911.) The times were tranquil.

[281] Quis enim suspicaturus erat hanc fatalem tempestatem exorituram in orbe? Erasm. Ep. 911.

[282] Quantis mihi constiterit sudoribus. Ibid. 329.

[283] Collatis multis Græcorum exemplaribus. Ibid.

[284] Deum testor simpliciter existimabam me rem facere Deo gratam ac rei christianæ necessariam. Ibid. 911.

[285] Solus haberi in pretio volebat. (Ibid. 593) He wished that himself alone should be esteemed.

[286] Talis erat puer, talis adolescens, talis juvenis, talis nunc etiam vir est. Ibid. 594.

[287] State Papers, Henry VIII. etc. i. p. 10, pub. 1830.

[288] Subito factus est inimicus. (Erasm. Ep. 746.) Suddenly he became unfriendly.

[289] Excipiebat advenas, præsertim Anglos, eos conviviis faciebat suos. (Ibid. 593.) He received strangers, especially Englishmen, and attached them to himself by his banquets.

[290] Abeuntes omni mendaciorum genere dimittebat onustos. (Ibid.) He sent them away loaded with every kind of lies.

[291] Donee Leus ordiretur suam tragædiam. (Erasm. Ep. 913.) Until Lee should begin his tragedy.

[292] Simon, Hist. crit. du. N. Test. p. 246.

[293] Liber volitat inter manus conjuratorum. (Erasm. Ep. p. 746.) The book flitted to and fro among the hands of the conspirators.

[294] Tibi tradita virgula totius orbis censuram fuerit mandaturus. Ibid. p. 742.

[295] Ut nusquam non blaterent in Erasmum, in compotationibus, in foris, in conciliabulis, in pharmacopoliis, in curribus, in tonstrinis, in fornicibus......Ibid. p. 746.

[296] Matth. xxii. 29; xxvi. 24, 54; Mark, xiv. 49; Luke, xviii. 31; xxiv. 27, 44, 45; John, v. 39, 46; x. 35; xvii. 12, etc.

[297] In ignaros medicos, indoctos confessionum auditores. (Th. Bilnæus Tonstallo Episcopo; Foxe, iv. p. 633.) To ignorant physicians, unlearned confessors.

[298] Indicebant enim mihi jejunia, vigilias, indulgentiarum et missarum emptiones. Ibid.

[299] Ut parum mihi virium (alioqui natura imbecilli) reliquum fuerit. (Ibid.) So that being naturally weak at any rate, too little strength was left to me.

[300] Sua potius quærebant quam salutem animæ meæ languentis. (Ibid.) They were seeking their own interest, rather than the salvation of my fainting soul.

[301] Cum ab eo latinius redditum accepi. Ibid.

[302] Latinitate potius quam verbo Dei, allectus. Ibid.

[303] Emebam providentia (sine dubio) divina. (Foxe, iv. p. 633.) I bought it doubtless, under the guidance of divine providence.

[304] 1 Tim. i, 15.

[305] O mihi suavissimam Pauli sententiam! Foxe, iv, p. 633.

[306] Hac una sententia, Deo intus in corde meo docente. (Ibid.) By this one sentence, God teaching inwardly in my heart.

[307] Quod tunc fieri ignorabam. (Ibid.) Because then I knew not what was being done.

[308] Tandem de Jesu audiebam. Ibid.

[309] Sic exhilaravit pectus meum. Ibid.

[310] Peccatorum conscientia saucium ac pene desperabundum. Ibid.

[311] Nescio quantam intus tranquillitatem sentire. Ibid.

[312] Didici omnes meos conatus, etc. Ibid.

[313] Quod ait Augustinus, celerem cursum extra viam. Ibid.

[314] Annals of the English Bible, i. p. 12.

[315] Bigland's Glo'ster, p. 293. Annals of the English Bible, i. p. 19.

[316] From a child. Foxe, Acts and Mon. v. p. 115.

[317] Proceeding in degrees of the schools. Ibid.

[318] His manners and conversation being correspondent to the Scriptures. Ibid.

[319] Read privily to certain students and fellows, instructing them in the knowledge and truth of the Scriptures. Ibid.

[320] Oxoniæ cum juvenis quidam non vulgariter doctus. (Erasm. Ep. p. 346.) A certain youth at Oxford of uncommon learning.

[321] Which they have been in brewing as I hear this dozen years. Tyndale's Expositions (Park. Soc.) p. 225

[322] Ut impii ad ipsum per me olim impium converterentur. (Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 633.) That the ungodly may be converted to thyself through me, once ungodly.

[323] Through Tyndale's instructions he first received into his heart the seed of the Gospel. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 4.

[324] Even as a beast in his own dung. Bilnæus Tonstallo episcopo; Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 640.

[325] He will not be thy Jesus or Saviour. Ibid.

[326] Without this inward calling it helpeth nothing before God to be a hundred times elect and consecrated. Ibid. p. 638.

[327] If it be Christ, him that cometh unto us. Ibid. p. 637.

[328] Work thereby to sustain his poor life. Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 209.

[329] Chrysostom, 43 Homily on Matth.

[330] He called them pilled knaves. Foxe. iv, p. 209.

[331] Ibid. p. 211.

[332] Ibid. p. 357.

[333] Imminere christianæ religionis πανολετρείαν, nisi novae translationes omnes subito de medio tollerentur. (Erasm. Ep. p. 596.) That destruction threatened the Christian religion, unless all new translations were at once taken away from amongst them.

[334] Adesse tempora longe periculosissima. Erasm. Ep. p. 597.

[335] Cæpit obsecrare Christum dignaretur ipse suæ sponsæ opitulari. (Ibid. p. 598.) He began to implore Christ, that he himself would deign to succour his spouse.

[336] Et rem in digitos porrectos dispartiens. (Ibid.) And distributing the charge on his outstretched fingers.

[337] Scarabæus ille qui maximo suo malo aquilam quæsivit. (Erasm. Ep. p. 555.) That beetle who sought to do the worst he could to the eagle.

[338] Consultissima tua Majestas. Vestra sublimis et longe reverendissima, Majestas, etc. Fiddes, Bodleian Papers, p. 178.

[339] Cotton MSS. Brit. Mus. Calig. D. 7, p. 88.

[340] He took me hard by the wrist with one hand, and laid the other upon his breast. Ibid. D. 8, p. 93.

[341] He will assure you full fourteen cardinals for him. Ibid. D. F. p. 98.

[342] Bi the messe! State Papers, i. 9.

[343] Lady Walsh, a stout and wise woman. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 115.

[344] Who were together with Master Tyndale sitting at the same table. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 115.

[345] Talk of learned men, as of Luther and Erasmus, etc. Ibid.

[346] When they at any time did vary from Tyndale in opinions and judgment, he would show them in the book. Ibid.

[347] Tyndale, Expositions. (Park. Soc.) p. 140.

[348] Tyndale, Expositions. (Park. Soc.) p. 141.

[349] So along by the Scripture as by a line until thou come at Christ. Tynd. Works, i. 354 (ed. Russell).

[350] A grave of briers; If thou loose thyself in one place thou art caught in another. Tyndale, Expositions, p. 5.

[351] Ibid. Answer to More (Park. Soc.) p. 49.

[352] Make a hollow belly in the image. Ibid. p. 81.

[353] Make him a horse of a stick. Tyndale's Wks. (ed. Russell) ii. 475.

[354] Ibid. Expositions, (Park. Soc.) p. 15.

[355] And lay plainly before them the open and manifest places of the Scriptures, to confute their errors and confirm his sayings. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 115.

[356] Antichrist turneth the roots of the trees upward. Tyndale, Doctrinal Treatises (Park. Soc.), p. 295.

[357] Tyndale, Parable of the Wicked Mammon. Ibid. 126.

[358] Though thou hadst a thousand holy candles about thee. Ibid. p. 48.

[359] Well, there was such a doctor who may dispend a hundred pounds. Foxe. Acts, v. p. 115.

[360] Answering by the Scriptures maintained the truth. Ibid.

[361] Ibid. p. 117.

[362] Whatsoever truth is taught them, these enemies of all truth quench it again. Tynd. Doctr. Tr. p. 394.

[363] impossible to establish the lay people in any truth, except the Scripture were plainly laid before their eyes in their mother-tongue. Ibid.

[364] Tynd. Doct. Tr. p. 119.

[365] Neither had they the cheer and countenance when they came, as before they had. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 1.6.

[366] Come together to the alehouse, which is their preaching place. Tynd. Doct. Tr. 394

[367] They add too of their own heads what I never spake. Ibid. p. 395.

[368] Ibid. Expositions, p. 10.

[369] Tyndale, Doctr. Tr. 395.

[370] Governava il papato e havia piu zente a la sua audienzia che il papa. (He governed the popedom, and had more people at his audiences than the pope.) Relazione di Marco Foscari, 1526.

[371] Foxe, Acts. v. p. 116.

[372] He threatened me grievously and reviled me, and rated me as though I had been a dog. Tynd. Doctr. Tr. p. 395.

[373] And laid to my charge whereof there would be none accuser brought forth. Ibid.

[374] Escaping out of their hands. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 116.

[375] Tynd. Doctr. Tr. p. 298.

[376] For to him he durst be bold to disclose his heart. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 117.

[377] Ibid.

[378] Ibid.

[379] Cause a boy that driveth the plough to know more of the Scriptures than he did. Ibid.

[380] This part of the house was standing in 1839, but has since been pulled down. Anderson, Bible Annals, i. p. 37. We cannot but unite in the wish expressed in that volume, that the remainder of the building, now tenanted by a farmer, may be carefully preserved.

[381] Binding him to no more but to teach children and to preach. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 117.

[382] Burnet, Hist. of the Reformation, (Lond. 1841, Oct.) i. p. 21.

[383] Libros Lutheranos quorum magnus jam numerus pervenerat in manus Anglorum. (Polyd. Virg. Angl. Hist. (Basil, 1570, fol.) p. 664.) A great many of the Lutheran books had already come into the hands of the English.

[384] See above. Book VI. chap. iv.

[385] Ab hoc regno extirpandum et abolendum. Cardinal. Ebor. Commissio. Strype, M. I. v. p. 22.

[386] Habitoque super hac re diligenti tractatu. Ibid.

[387] Cum illo Protheo....imo Atheo. Erasm. Ep. 1158.

[388] Tota ruet Ecclesia. Ibid. p. 1159.

[389] Nisi de abolendo Christo scribere destinavit. Ibid. p. 1160.

[390] Gladio Spiritus abactum in antrum suum coges. Ibid.

[391] Cum major convenerit multitudo. Ibid.

[392] In valvis seu locis publicis ecclesiæ vestræ. (Ibid. p. 24.) On the doors or public places of your churches.

[393] Strype, M. I. p. 57, (Oxf. ed.) or Luther, xvii, p. 306.

[394] See above, Book IX, chap x.

[395] They would have burnt Christ himself. Tynd. Doct. Tr. Obedience, etc. (Park. Soc.) p. 221.

[396] Satanæ spiritu actus. (De Schism. Angl. p. 8.) Urged by the spirit of Satan.

[397] Kapps Urkunden, ii, p. 458.

[398] Velut Cerberum ex inferis producit in lucem. Regis ad lectorem. Epist. p. 94.

[399] Ut errores ejus eumque ipsum ignis exurat. Ibid. p. 95.

[400] Qui tantum ideo lambit ut mordeat. Assertio Sept. Sacram.

[401] Sed animo Turcis omnibus Sarracenis omnibus usquam infidelibus nocentiorem fraterculum. Ibid. p. 147.

[402] Fiddes' Life of Wolsey. p. 249.

[403] Totius regni sui viribus et armis. (Rymer, Fœdera, VI. p. 199.) By the strength and arms of his whole kingdom.

[404] Putida membra...ferro et materiali gladio abscindere. (Rymer, Fœdera, vi, p. 199.) To cut off the rotten members with iron and the material sword.

[405] Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 596.

[406] Fuller, book v, p. 168.

[407] Unitatis sacerdotalis fastigium conscendere. Sanders, De Schism. Ang. 8.

[408] Hys owne affayris doith not succede with th'Emperour. State Papers, vol. i, p. 10.

[409] Ibid. p. 12.

[410] He was utterly determined to be his enemy. Cotton MSS. Galba, B. 7, p. 35.

[411] Ut Wolseus mortuo Leone decimo fieret summus pontifex.

[412] Sayyinge that certayne hartes were so toggidde for hym, that he must neadys hunte them. State Papers, i, p. 26.

[413] Ibid. i, p. 23.

[414] Though I be a spiritual man. State Papers, i, p. 31.

[415] Hail, both king of thy king and also of his kingdom. Tynd. Expos. p. 314.

[416] There was a certain secret whereof all men knew not. Ibid. 315.

[417] If you go to prepare a place for the king in his hereditary kingdom, his Majesty will follow you at a fitting season. State Papers, i, 36.

[418] Majora assequi quam omnes ipsius progenitores tot bellis et præliis. Ibid. 45.

[419] Your grace shall have but a leyve wey to Parys. Ibid. 46.

[420] Cotton MSS. Calig. D. 8. p. 85.

[421] Being simple labourers and artificers. Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 240.

[422] As the light of the Gospel began more to appear, and the numbers of professors to grow. Ibid. p. 217.

[423] Did contract matrimony only with themselves. Ibid. p. 223.

[424] Ibid. p. 225.

[425] If any came in among them that were not of their side, then they would keep all silent. Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 222.

[426] Matth. v. 13-16.

[427] Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 225.

[428] Carrying about books from one to another. Ibid. iv, p. 224.

[429] Hiding others in their barns. Ibid. p. 243.

[430] Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 243.

[431] Ibid. p. 229.

[432] Ibid. p. 224.

[433] I thresh God Almighty out of the straw. Ibid. p. 222.

[434] Alas! now are you an undone man, and I but a dead woman. Foxe, Acts, v, p. 224.

[435] Ibid. p. 245.

[436] The sole way ... was to chuse him. Herbert, p. 110.

[437] The new elect is both old, sickly ... so that he shall not have the office long. Cotton MSS. Galba, B. vii, p. 6.

[438] Both princes appearing before the cardinal of York as judge. Art. xiii, Herbert, p. 118.

[439] Mortem etiam Adriani expectat. Sanders, p. 8.

[440] As I thus thought, the bishop of London came to my remembrance. Tyndale, Doctr. Tr. p. 395.

[441] Ibid. p. 79.

[442] Ibid. p. 153.

[443] He laboured to be his chaplain. Foxe, Acts, iv. p. 617.

[444] He willed me to write an epistle to my lord, and to go to him myself. Ibid.

[445] My lord answered me, his home was full. Tyndale, Doctr. Tr. p. 395.

[446] I was beguiled. Tyndale, Doctr. Tr. p. 395.

[447] Expositions, p. 59.

[448] Tynd. and Fryth's Works, ii, p. 349.

[449] The rich man began to be a Scripture man. Latimer's Sermons, p. 440 (Park. Soc.)

[450] Latimer's Works, i. p. 441. He would borrow no [more] money of him.

[451] Ibid.

[452] Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 617.

[453] Strype, Records, i. p. 664.

[454] Strype, Records, i. p. 664. He would eat but sodden meat and drink but small single beer.

[455] He was never seen in that house to wear linen about him. Ibid.

[456] Tyndale and Fryth's Works, iii, p. 73, 74.

[457] That the poor people might also read and see the simple plain word of God. Foxe, Acts, v, p. 118.

[458] Anderson's Annals of the Bible, i. p. 42.

[459] Anderson, Bible Annals, i. p. 42, 43. Herbert says (p. 147) "to suspend the laity betwixt fear and controversies."

[460] Foxe, Acts, v. p. 179.

[461] But also that there was no place to do it in all England. Tynd. Doctr. Tr. 396.

[462] We be not called to a soft living. Tynd. Doct. Tr. 249.

[463] Marking especially the demeanour of the preachers, and beholding the pomp of the prelates. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 118.

[464] Doct. Tr. p. 238. Obedience of a Chr. Man.

[465] Ibid. p. 251.

[466] Ibid. p. 191.

[467] Tyndale, Doct. Tr. p. 251.

[468] So was in his heart an incredible desire to allure many. Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 620.

[469] My mother milked thirty kine. Latimer's Sermons, (Parker ed.) p. 101.

[470] I can remember that I buckled his harness. Ibid.

[471] Eccles. iii. 12.

[472] I would that bene had been banished beyond the sea. Latimer's Sermons, p. 153.

[473] Ibid. p. 499.

[474] He thought he had never sufficiently mingled his massing wine with water. Foxe, Acts, viii, p. 433.

[475] Ibid. p. 334.

[476] Who has explained to us the true sense of St. Paul and of the Gospel. Strype's Mem. i, p. 74.

[477] Most spitefully railing against him. Foxe, Acts, viii, p. 437.

[478] Ut polypus cuicunque petræ adhæserit, ejus colorem imitatur. (Corp. Ref. i, p. 114.) As the polypus resembles in colour the rock to which it clings.

[479] Foxe, Acts, vii, p. 438.

[480] He came to me afterwards in my study, and desired me for God's sake to hear his confession. Latimer's Sermons, p. 334.

[481] He was through the good Spirit of God so touched. Foxe, viii, p. 438.

[482] Latimer's Sermons, p. 334.

[483] From that time forward I began to smell the word of God. Ibid.

[484] Ibid. p. 335.

[485] Whereas before he was an enemy and almost a persecutor of Christ, he was now a zealous seeker after him. Foxe, Acts, vii, p. 338.

[486] Ibid.

[487] A man of a very perfect life and angelic conversation. Becon's Works (Parker Soc.) p. 425.

[488] Foxe, viii, p. 452.

[489] Christus quem pro virili doceo.....denique et satisfactionem. Ep. ad Tonstallum episcop. Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 633.

[490] Ibid. p. 621.

[491] Minister is a more fit name for that office. Latimer's remains, p. 264.

[492] Ibid. p. 24.

[493] Latimer's Sermons, p. 491. Sophocles, Ajax, 783, et seq.

[494] Strype's Mem. iii, part i, p. 378.

[495] Flying to him by an evangelical faith. Ibid.

[496] Lat. Ser. p. 74.

[497] This was said by Ralph Morice, afterwards Cranmer's secretary. Strype, Eccl. Mem. iii, part i, p. 368.

[498] Preaching at the lazar cots, wrapping them in sheets. Foxe, Acts, vol. iv, p. 620. Lond. 1846.

[499] Latimer's Sermons, p. 335. (Park. Soc.)

[500] She had such a savour, such a sweetness, and feeling, that she thought it long to the day of execution. Ibid. p. 180.

[501] Strype's Eccles. Memorials, vol. iii, pt. i, p. 378.

[502] Latimer's Sermons, p. 102.

[503] Ibid. p. 269.

[504] Teach or preach, which he did daily. Foxe, Acts, v, p. 426.

[505] Foxe, Acts, v, p. 426.

[506] History of the Reformation, vol. i, p. 25. Lond. 1841.

[507] Un conclave, by C. Delavigne.

[508] Colla subjecimus jugo apostolicæ servitutis. (Rymer, Fœdera, vi, 2, p. 7.) We bent our neck under the yoke of apostolic servitude.

[509] I take God to witness, I am more joyous thereof, than if it had fortuned upon my person. Wolsey to Henry VIII. Burnet, Records, p. cccxxviii. (Lond. 1841.)

[510] Wolsey to Secretary Pace. Galt's Wolsey, p. 381, Appendix. (Lond. 1846.)

[511] Ellis' Letters. Second Series, p. 326, 327.

[512] It made us creep of all-four. Pace to the king, Strype, vol. i, part ii, p. 27.

[513] Cotton MSS. Vitellius, B. 6. p. 87.

[514] Very forward and industrious. Foxe, Acts. v. p. 366.

[515] Collier's Eccles. Hist. x, p. 20.

[516] By such communications as he set forth with France apart. State Papers, i, p. 158.

[517] Milady Margaret was a ribaud. Cotton MSS. Vesp. C. 3, p. 55.

[518] Sincera fidelis, firma et indissolubilis pax. (Rymer, Fœdera, p. 32, 33.) A sincere, faithful, firm and indissoluble peace.

[519] Hall's Chronicle, p. 696. If men should give their goods by a commission, then were it worse than the taxes of France; and so England would be bond and not free.

[520] Ibid.

[521] "God sends no rain ... lead us against the Christians." A cry ascribed by Augustine to the pagans of the first ages.

[522] Latimer's Sermons, vol. i. p. 251.

[523] Tyndale's Doctr. Treatises, p. 37.

[524] Anderson's Annals of the Bible, i, 49.

[525] I requested a German divine to investigate this matter, but his researches were unsuccessful.

[526] Mr. Anderson, in his excellent work (Annals of the English Bible, vol. i. p. 47) disputes the interview between these two reformers, but his arguments do not convince me. We can understand how Luther, at that time busily engaged in his dispute with Carlstadt, does not mention Tyndale's visit in his letters. But, besides Foxe, there are other contemporaneous authorities in favour of this fact. Cochlæus, a German well informed on all the movements of the reformers, and whom we shall presently see on Tyndale's traces, says of him and Roye: "Duo Angli apostatæ, qui aliquamdiu fuerant Vuitenbergæ." Two English apostates, who had been for a while at Wittemberg. (p. 123). And Sir Thomas More, having said that Tyndale had gone to see Luther, Tyndale was content to reply: "When Mr. More saith Tyndale was confederate with Luther, that is not truth." Answer to Sir Thos. More's Dialogue, p. 147 (Park. Soc.) He denied the confederation, but not the visit. If Tyndale had not seen Luther, he would have been more explicit, and would probably have said that he had never even met him.

[527] Sex millia sub prælum dari. (Cochlæus, p. 123.) That six thousand should be printed.

[528] Tanta ex ea spe lætitia Lutheranos invasit. (Ibid. p. 124.) Such joy possessed the Lutherans from that hope.

[529] Cunctos Angliæ populos, volente nolente rege. Ibid. 123.

[530] Book ix, chapter xii, etc.

[531] Scripturæ populorum. Opp. i, p. 641.

[532] Cum monachi quieturi non erant, nisi ederentur opera illa. (Cochl. p. 124.) When the monks could not be quieted unless these works should be published.

[533] Audivit eos aliquando inter pocula fiducialiter jactitare. (Ibid. p. 125.) He heard them one day confidently assert in their cups.

[534] Velint nolint rex et cardinalis Angliæ, totam Angliam brevi fore Lutheranam. Ibid.

[535] Duos ibi latitare Anglos eruditos, linguarumque peritos. Ibid.

[536] In gente illa religiosissima vereque Christiana. Ibid. p. 131.

[537] Unus eorum in secretiori colloquio revelavit illi arcanum. (Cochlæus. p. 131.) One of them in a private conference revealed the secret to him.

[538] Rem omnem ut acceperat vini beneficio. Ibid.

[539] Opus excussum clam invecturi per totam Angliam latenter dispergere vellent. Ibid.

[540] Ad Lutheri partes trahenda est Anglia. Ibid.

[541] Metu et admiratione affectus. Ibid.

[542] Abiit igitur clam ad H. Rincke. Ibid.

[543] Ingentem papyri copiam ibi existere. Ibid.

[544] Necessity and combrance (God is record) above strength. Tynd. Doctr. Tr. p. 390.

[545] Tyndale, Expositions, p. 123, (Parker Society).

[546] Arreptis secum quaternionibus impressis aufugerunt navigio per Rhenum ascendentes. (Cochl. p. 126.) Laying hold of four sheets that were printed they escaped on board a vessel, and ascended the Rhine.

[547] He was indebted to me no less than Ahasuerus was indebted to Mordecai. Annals of the Bible, i, p. 61.

[548] Ut quam diligentissime præcaverint in omnibus Angliæ portubus, ne merx illa perniciosissima inveheretur. Cochlæus, p. 126.

[549] Ad quem Doctor Eckius venit, dum in Angliam tenderet. Ibid. 109.

[550] See above, book vii, chapter viii.

[551] Ascendentes Wormatiam ubi plebs pleno furore lutherisabat. Cochlæus, p. 126.

[552] A copy of the octavo edition exists in the Museum of the Baptist College at Bristol. If it is compared with the quarto edition, a sensible progress will be found in the orthography. Thus we read in the latter: prophettes, synners, mooste, sekynge; in the octavo we find, prophets, sinners, most, seking. Annals of the Bible, i. p. 70.

[553] Epistle, in init.

[554] Tyndale's Works, ii, p. 378; or Expositions (Matthew), p. 131, (Park. Soc.)

[555] He set forth in his lectures the native sense. Thomas Becon, ii, p. 426.

[556] Obscured through the darkness and mists of the papists. Ibid.

[557] A private instructor to the rest of his brethren within the university. Foxe, Acts, vii, p. 438.

[558] He proved in his sermons that the Holy Scriptures ought to be read in the English tongue of all Christian people. Becon, vol. ii. p. 424. (Park. Soc.)

[559] We find his opinions upon that subject in a later sermon. Latimer's sermons, p. 96, 97. (Park. Soc.)

[560] A poor scholar of Cambridge ... but a child of sixteen years. Becon's Works, ii. p. 424.

[561] Becon's Works, ii. p. 425.

[562] Ibid.

[563] Becon's Works, ii. p, 425.

[564] With great pomp and prolixity. Gilpin's Life of Latimer, p. 8.

[565] The nation full of blind beggars. Gilpin's Life of Latimer. p. 8.

[566] Si et ridebitur alicubi materiis ipsis satisfiet. Multa sunt sic digna revinci, ne gravitate adorentur. (Contra Valentin, c. vi.) See also Pascal's Provincials, Letter xi. And if ridicule shall at any time be excited, it is quite suited to such subjects. Many things deserve thus to be overcome, lest by a serious refutation, they get more respect than they deserve.

[567] Gilpin's Life of Latimer, p. 10.

[568] Strype's Eccles. Mem. iii. p. 369.

[569] I will kneel down and kiss your foot. Ibid.

[570] Ibid. 370.

[571] Latimer's Sermons (Park. Soc.) vol. i. p. 70. Sermon of the Plough.

[572] Ibid. p. 72.

[573] He adds: Whatsoever he had once preached, he valiantly defended the same. Becon, vol. ii. p. 424.

[574] The great restorer of good learning. Strype, i. p. 568; Foxe, Acts, v. p. 415.

[575] Marvellous in the sight of the great blind doctors. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 415.

[576] Bilney converted Dr. Barnes to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 620.

[577] Ibid. v. p. 434.

[578] Notwithstanding his other manifold and singular gifts and ornaments of the mind, in him most pregnant. Tyndale and Fryth's Works, iii, p. 73.

[579] That is very small, nevertheless that little. Ibid. p. 83.

[580] Philippians iv, 4-7.

[581] Flocked together in open street. Strype, Mem. i, p. 568.

[582] Becon, ii, p. 426.

[583] Geddes's Martyrology, Gonsalvi, Mart. Hisp. Llorente, Inquis. M'Crie, Ref. in Spain.

[584] Earnestly laboured to call us to repentance. Becon, iii. p. 11.

[585] Quod opera nostra quantumvis bona in specie nihil conducunt ad justificationem nec ad meritum, sed sola fides. (Foxe, Acts, v. p. 428.) Because our work, however good in appearance are of no avail to justification or to merit, but faith alone can save.

[586] Every man may preach the word of God. Ibid.

[587] Psalm lxxxi. 16.

[588] Having the said books in his custody. Foxe, Acts, v. p. 428.

[589] Dispersing abroad of the said books within this realm. Ibid. p. 428. See also Strype. Cranmer's Mem. p. 81.

[590] Nullus homo unum iota in Scripturis sacris videt, nisi qui spiritum Dei habet. (Luther, De servo arbitrio, Witt. ii. p. 424.) No man but he who has the Spirit of God can see a single jot in the sacred scriptures.

[591] Tyndale and Fryth's Works (ed. Russell.). vol. ii. p. 491. The "Pathway unto the Holy Scripture" is the prologue to the quarto Testament, with a few changes of little importance.

[592] Tyndale and Fryth's Works (ed. Russell), vol. ii, p. 503.

[593] Ibid. p. 500.

[594] More's Life, p. 134.

[595] And brought with him Tyndale's first translation of the New Testament in English. Foxe, Acts, v, p. 421.

[596] His grace should see such a book as it was a marvel to hear of. Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 658.

[597] Ibid.

[598] Ibid.

[599] The upper part thereof might chance to fall upon his head. Foxe, Acts, iv, p. 658.

[600] Supplication of the Souls in Purgatory. More's Works.

[601] Actus meritorius est in potestate hominis. (Duns Scotus in Sentent. lib. i. diss. 17.) A man is able to do a meritorious action.

[602] He was searched for through all London. Foxe, Acts, v, p. 421.

[603] Foxe, Acts, v. p. 421.

[604] Ibid.

[605] In Lucæ Evangelium Commentarii, nunc secundo recogniti et locupletati. (Argentorati, 1525.) Commentaries on the gospel of Luke, now for the second time revised and enriched.

[606] Foxe, v. p.422.

[607] Ibid.

[608] With deep sighs and plenty of tears. Foxe, v. p. 422.

[609] That we all bewet both our faces. Ibid. 423.

[610] Ibid.

[611] Ibid.

[612] Ibid.

[613] Foxe, v. p. 424.

[614] To tell unto our other brethren; (for there were divers else in that college.) Ibid.

[615] Considering our state and peril at hand. Ibid.

[616] My musing head being full of forecasting cares. Foxe, v. p. 423.

[617] My sorrowful heart flowing with doleful sighs. Ibid.

[618] I fully determined in my conscience before God that I would accuse no man. Ibid.

[619] With bills and swords thrusted through my bed-straw. Ibid. p. 425

[620] Then had he spied on my fore-finger a big ring of silver, very well double-gilted. Foxe. v. p. 425.

[621] Ibid. p. 426.

[622] Ibid. p. 427.

[623] God naileth us to the cross to heal our infirmities. Tyndale and Fryth's Works, iii. p. 91. (ed. Russell.)

[624] There was made a great fire upon the top of Carfax. Foxe, v. p. 428.

[625] Suddenly arrested Barnes openly in the convocation house to make all others afraid. Foxe, v. p. 416.

[626] Foxe, v. p. 416.

[627] Καὶ καταστήσης κατὰ πόλιν πρεσβυτέρους. Titus, i, 5.

[628] Foxe, iv. p. 681.

[629] Foxe, v, p. 5.

[630] Not be suffered to receive the communion, being in prison. Ibid. p. 428.

[631] Ibid. Habe fidem et tecum est quem non vides, (Have faith, and he whom you do not see is with you,) says Augustine in another place. See Serm. 235, 272. Tract. 26, Evang. Joh.

[632] Taking their death in the same prison. Foxe, v, p. 5.

[633] State Papers, i, p. 169.

[634] Foxe, v, p. 5.

[635] Ibid.

[636] Tyndale and Fryth's Works, iii. p. 75 (edit. Russel).

[637] Majestatem tuam cæpisse favere Evangelio. Cochlæus, p. 136.

[638] Huic miraculo in Majestate tua quam opto ex totis medullis. Ibid. p. 127.

[639] Tantus autor haberi postulas, quantus nec hodie quisquam sit. Cochlæus, p. 127.

[640] Let it be as disgraceful to you to be praised by the vile, as if you were praised for vile deeds.

[641] Rex Anglorum Regi hæreticorum scribit. Strype, Mem. i. p. 91. The title of the pamphlet was Litterarum quibus invictus Pr. Henricus VIII. etc. etc. respondit ad quandam Epistolam M. Lutheri ad se missam.

[642] Als in tausend Jahren nicht gewesen ist. Luth. Opp. xix. p. 501.

[643] Foxe, v. p. 428.

[644] Which books he did little regard, and made a twit of it. Tyball's Confession in Bible Annals. i. p. 184.

[645] Libri pestiferum virus in se continentes, in promiscuam provinciæ Cant. multitudinem sunt dispersi. (Wilkins, Concilia, iii. p. 706.) Books containing an infectious poison are scattered in all directions through the diocese of Canterbury.

[646] Vel aliquam ejus particulam. Ibid.

[647] Satire of W. Roy, printed in the Harl. Misc., vol. ix, p. 77, (ed. 1809).

[648] My choler was descended. Anderson's Annals of the Bible, i, p. 129.

[649] Sandoval, i. p. 350. Ranke, Deutsche Gesch. iii. p. 17.

[650] Malos oderat mores. (Polyd. Virg. p. 685.) She hated his depraved habits.

[651] Le Grand, Hist. du divorce, Preuves, p. 186.

[652] Instigator et auctor concilii existimibatur (Pole, Apology). He was furious mad, and imagined this divorcement between the king and the queen (Tyndale's Works, i. p. 465). See also Sanderus, 7 and 9; Polyd. Virg. p. 685; Meteren, Hist. of the Low Countries, p. 20; Pallavicini, Conc. Trident, i, p. 203, etc. A contrary assertion of Wolsey's has been adduced against these authorities in the Pamphleteer, No. 42, p. 336; but a slight acquaintance with his history soon teaches us that veracity was the least of his virtues.

[653] Le Grand, Hist. du divorce, Preuves, p. 65, 69.

[654] Jampridem conjugium regium, veluti infirmum. Polyd. Virg. p. 685.

[655] That matrimony which the king at first seemed not disposed to annul. Strype, i, p. 135.

[656] Burnet. vol. i. p. 20 (London, 1841.) Letter from Grynæus to Bucer. Strype, i, p. 135.

[657] Quamprimum regi patefaciendum. (Polyd. Virg. p. 685.) That forthwith it should be declared to the king.

[658] Vehementer orat ne se patiatur in tanto versari discrimine. (Ibid.) He earnestly begged him not to suffer himself to be exposed to such hazard.

[659] Bone pater, vide bene quale saxum suo loco jacens movere coneris. Ibid.

[660] Like another Herodes. More's Life, p. 129.

[661] Ipse cui de salute animæ tuæ cura est, hortor, rogo, persuadeo. Polyd. Virg. p. 686.

[662] Mulier præter cæteras digna matrimonio tuo. Polyd. Virg p. 686.

[663] Works (ed. Russell), vol. i. p. 464.

[664] Princeps illa, mulier optima, noluerit quicquam audire de nuptiis, quæ nuptiæ non possunt conjungi sine miserabili Catharinæ casu atque adeo interitu. (Polyd. Virg. p. 687.) That princess, a most noble woman, would not listen to any proposal for an alliance which could not be made without involving Catherine in ruin and death.

[665] Utrum staret ad te an contra te? Le Grand, Preuves, p. 2.

[666] What had been here provided for taking away the impediment of that marriage. (State Papers, i. p. 199.) Le Grand (vol. i. p. 17.) discredits the objections of the bishop of Tarbes; but this letter from Wolsey to Henry VIII establishes them incontrovertibly. And besides, Du Bellay, in a letter afterwards quoted by Le Grand himself, states the matter still more strongly than Wolsey.

[667] Wherewith the pope could not dispense, nisi ex urgentissima causa. Wolsey to Henry VIII, dated 8th July. State Papers, vol. i, p. 199.

[668] Anglos, qui tuo imperio subsunt, hoc idem evangelium colere quod nos colimus. (Sanders, 12.) The English, who are under thy rule, follow the same gospel that we follow.

[669] Quæ oratio quanto metu ac horrore animum nostrum turbaverit. (Which speech has troubled our mind with much fear and horror.) Henry's speech to the Lord Mayor and common council, at his palace of Bridewell, 8th November 1528. (Hall, p. 754; Wilkins, Concil. iii. p. 714.)

[670] Du Bellay's letter in Le Grand. Preuves, p. 218.

[671] So as the books excrescunt in magna volumina. Wolsey to Henry VIII. State Papers, vol. i, p. 200.

[672] The queen hath broken with your grace thereof. State Papers, vol. i. p. 200.

[673] The king's highness knowing great collusion and dissimulation between them, doth also dissemble. Knight to Wolsey. Ibid. p. 215.

[674] By her behaviour, manner, words, and messages sent to diverse, hath published, divulged, etc. Ibid. p. 280.

[675] Meteren's Hist. of the Low Countries, folio, 20.

[676] Cavendish's Wolsey. p. 123. Cavendish was present at this conversation.

[677] Turner, Hist. Henry VIII. ii. p. 185.

[678] Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, p. 120.

[679] Memoirs of Sir Thomas Wyatt, in Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, p. 424.

[680] Meteren's Hist. of the Low Countries, folio. 20.

[681] Foxe, vol. v. p. 365.

[682] Plenas lacrymarum et miseriæ. State Papers, vol. i.

[683] The see apostolic should perpetually remain in Spain. Ibid. i. p. 227.

[684] I saw the lord cardinal weep very tenderly. Cavendish, p. 151.

[685] Omnium maxime dolosus et hæresis Lutherianæ fautor acerrimus. (State Papers, i. p. 274.) By far the most cunning and violent favourer of the Lutheran heresy.

[686] Du Bellay to Montmorency. Le Grand, Preuves, i. p. 186.

[687] Nisi clave errante. (State Papers, i. p. 272.) Unless by an erring key.

[688] For all this while she knew nothing of the king's intended purpose, said one of his adversaries. Cavendish's Wolsey, p. 129.

[689] Ad illius imitationem reliquæ regiæ ancillæ colli et pectoris superiora, quæ antea nuda gestabant, operire cœperunt. Sanders, p. 16. In imitation of her, the other ladies of the court began to cover their neck and bosom which formerly they had worn exposed.

[690] See Sanders, Ibid. It is useless to refute Sanders' stories. We refer our readers to Burnet's Hist. of the Reformation, to Lord Herbert's life of Henry VIII, to Wyatt, and others. We need only read Sanders to estimate at their true value the foul calumnies, as these writers term them, of the man whom they style the Roman legendary.

[691] Sloane MSS. No. 2495; Turner's Hist. Eng. ii. p. 196.

[692] Tanto vehementius preces regias illa repulit. (Sanders, p. 17.) So much the more vehemently she repelled the king's entreaties.

[693] Pamphleteer, No. 42, p. 347. It is difficult to fix the order and chronology of Henry's letters to Anne Boleyn. This is the second in the Vatican Collection, but it appears to us to be of older date. It is considered as written in May 1528; we are inclined to place it in the autumn of 1527. The originals of these letters, chiefly in old French, are still preserved in the Vatican, having been stolen from the royal cabinet and conveyed thither.

[694] Concubina enim tua fieri pudica mulier nolebat, uxor volebat. Illa cujus amore rex deperibat, pertinacissime negabat sui corporis potestatem. (Polus ad Regem, p. 176.) For a modest woman, though willing to be thy wife refused to become thy concubine. Though a king was consumed by love for her, she obstinately refused to yield to him the power over her person. Cardinal Pole is a far more trust-worthy authority than Sanders.

[695] The love she bare even to the queen whom the served, that was also a personage of great virtue. Wyatt, Mem. of A. B. p. 428.

[696] Ibid.

[697] Whose persuasion to the contrary, made to the king upon his knees. Cavendish, p. 204.

[698] Ibid. p. 388.

[699] Meteren, Hist. of the Low Countries, folio, 20.

[700] Ut omnes primum peccata sua agnoscant et damnent, deinde esuriant et sitiant justitiam illam. Foxe, iv. p. 634.

[701] Ibid. p. 627.

[702] Foxe, iv. p. 629.

[703] Ibid. p. 630.

[704] Ibid. p. 623.

[705] Collyer's Church History, vol. ii, p. 26.

[706] In talem nunc me judicem incidisse gratulor. (Foxe, iv, p. 633.) Now I congratulate myself that I have fallen into the hands of such a judge.

[707] Let judgment be done in the name of the Lord.

[708] Foxe, iv. p. 638.

[709] Latimer's Sermons (Parker Society), p. 222.

[710] Ibid.

[711] That all laud and praise should be given to God alone. Foxe, iv, p. 682.

[712] Anderson, Annals of the Bible, i. p. 158.

[713] Foxe, v, p. 27.

[714] Laid the Bible open before me, and showed me the words. More to Cromwell, Strype, i, 2nd part, p. 197.

[715] Consulting from day to day, and time to time. Cavendish, p. 209.

[716] Ex his doctoribus asseritur quod Papa non potest dispensare in primo gradu affinitatis. (Burnet's Reform, ii, Records, p. 8. Lond. 1841.) By these doctors it is asserted that the Pope is not able to grant a dispensation in the first degree of affinity.

[717] Since his patience had already held out for eighteen years. Collyer, ii. p. 24.

[718] Strype, vol. i. part i. p. 279.

[719] When Napoleon, from similar motives, desired to separate from Josephine, fearing the unwillingness of the pope (as Henry did), he entertained, like him, the design of doing without the pontiff, and of getting his marriage annulled by the French bishops. As he was more powerful, he succeeded.

[720] Quid possit clam fieri quoad forum conscientiæ. Collyer, ii. p. 24.

[721] The pope cannot err,—a play upon the double meaning of the word errare.

[722] La Cæsarea Majesta si come grandamente desidera la liberatione de nostro signor, cosi efficacemente la manda. Capituli, etc. Le Grand, iii. p. 48.

[723] That in anywise he should not consent to the same. State Papers, vol. vii. p. 29.

[724] Quod sperabat intra paucos dies auferre suæ Sanctitati squalorem et tenebras. (State Papers, vol. vii. p. 13.) Because he hoped that within a few days the miserable captivity of his Holiness would be terminated.

[725] Veari trobelous with wynde and rayne, and therefore more mete for our voyage. Ibid. p. 16.

[726] Reponed the same saufly, as Gambara showed unto me. Ibid. p. 17.

[727] I was not passed out of Rome, by the space of two hours, ere two hundred Spaniards invaded and searched the house. Burnet, Records, ii. p. 12.

[728] Deumque primo et ante omnia ac animæ suæ quietem et salutem respiciens. Barnet's Reformation, II. Records p. vii.

[729] Longo jam tempore intimo suæ conscientiæ remorsu. Ibid.

[730] Ingenti cum molestia cordisque perturbatione. Ibid.

[731] Graviusque a Deo supplicium expavescit. Ibid. p. viii.

[732] Mutato habitu et tanquam alicujus minister. (Ibid.) The dress being changed, and as if somebody's servant.

[733] Diuque ac noctu mente volvens quo facto. (State Papers, vol. vii. p. 18.) Day and night revolving in my mind the state of matters.

[734] Adeo tenaciter Cæsari adhærebat. (Ibid.) He still adhered closely to Cæsar.

[735] Usque ad mortem. (Ibid. p. 19.) Even to death.

[736] Discordiæ crudelissimæ per omnem christianum orbem. State Papers, vol. vii. p. 19.

[737] Nonnulla sunt secreta S.D.N. secreto exponenda et non credenda scriptis .... ob morbos nonnullos quibus absque remedio regina laborat. Ibid.

[738] Perform the promise once broken. Burnet's Ref. ii. Records, p. xiii.

[739] Ex duobus malis minus malum eligat. State Papers, vii. p. 20.

[740] Ut non gravetur, cuncta legere, et bene notare. Ibid. p. 18.

[741] Alia nulla re esset opus, præterquam ejus Sanctitatis signatura. (State Papers, vii, p. 29.) There was need of no other thing besides the signature of his holiness.

[742] Charissime in Christo fili, etc., dated 7th December 1527. Ibid. p. 27.

[743] Matrimonium cum Catharina nullum fuisse et esse declarari. Herbert's Henry VIII, p. 280.

[744] Burnet's Reformation, Records, ii. p. xiii.

[745] Tyndale, Doctr. Tr. p. 42, 43.

[746] The imperialists do daily spoil castles and towns about Rome ... they have taken within three days two castles lying within six miles of this. Burnet's Ref. vol. ii. Records, p. xiii.

[747] Cum suspiriis et lacrymis. (Ibid p. xii.) With sighs and tears.

[748] And by this colour he would cover the matter. Ibid.

[749] Non potest Sua Sanctitas sibi persuadere ipsos principes (ut forte aliqui jactant) assumpturos sectam Lutheranam contra ecclesiam. (State Papers, vii. p. 47.) His Holiness is not able to persuade himself that these princes (as some perchance assert) are capable of supporting the Lutheran sect against the church.

[750] State Papers, vii. p. 36.

[751] Is fully in your puissance with publishing of the commission to destroy for ever. Ibid.

[752] Eruditus, indifferens, tractabilis, de regia majestate bene merendi cupidus. Ibid. p. 33.

[753] Regia majestas sumptus, labores, atque molestias liberalissime compenset. (Ibid. p. 34.) His majesty will liberally compensate his outlay, toil, and labour.

[754] Burnet's Ref. vol. ii. Records, p. xiii.

[755] Nullus doctor in mundo est, qui de hac re melius decernere possit quam ipse rex. Ibid. p. xiv.

[756] Aliam uxorem ducat. Ibid.

[757] Vocabit eum ad concilium, vel nihil aliud quæret, nisi ut eum omni statu et vita privet. Ibid. p. xxvi.

[758] Nullius sit roboris vel effectus. (State Papers, vii. p. 50.) It is of no power or effect.

[759] Du Bellay to Francis I. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 64.

[760] Burnet's Reformation, i. p. 50.

[761] Non obstantibus quibuscunque decretis revocatoriis præsentis concessionis nostræ. (Burnet, Records, ii, p. 17.) No revocatory decrees whatsoever shall invalidate my present concession.

[762] Mei dimidium. Ibid. p. 15.

[763] Money to present the cardinals. Strype's Mem. i, p. 137.

[764] Borrowing of divers men so much as might furnish three beds. Ibid. p. 139.

[765] Strype's Mem. i. p. 139.

[766] State Papers, vii. p. 63.

[767] Strype, i. p. 139.

[768] The cardinal's judgment as to the good qualities of the gentlewoman. Ibid. p. 141.

[769] Quis præstabit ne hoc divortium magni alicujus belli causam præbeat. Sanderus, p. 26.

[770] In medio semicirculi. Strype, Records, i, p. 81.

[771] Promiscuæ plebis. Ibid. p. 82.

[772] Every man looked on other and so stayed. Ibid.

[773] He gives twice who gives quickly.

[774] In Fabio Maximo qui rem Romanam cunctando restituit. Strype, p. 90.

[775] Materia novæ captivitatis. Ibid. p. 86.

[776] Ibid. p. 114.

[777] Pleni omni dolo et versatione et dissimulatione. Verbis omnia pollicentur, reipsa nihil præstant. Ibid. p. 98.

[778] Digna esse quæ mandentur flammis pontificia jura. Ibid.

[779] Pontifex habet omnia jura in scrinio pectoris. Strype, p. 99.

[780] Ibid. p. 100.

[781] The matter was good saving in the latter end. Ibid. p. 102.

[782] The beginning pleased him not.

[783] Incalescente disputatione. Strype, p. 104.

[784] Here began a new tragedy. Ibid. p. 105.

[785] Vinum conspurcat infusa aqua. Ibid.

[786] Putantes sub omni verbo latere scorpionem. Ibid.

[787] Prætendere pugno carnem. Ibid.

[788] Dulcibus sirenum vocibus incantare. Ibid.

[789] Compositis affectibus. Strype, p. 106.

[790] The divers tempests passed over. Ibid.

[791] Sine strepitu et figura judicii sententiam divortii judicialiter proferendam. Rymer, Fœdera, vi, pars. ii, p. 95.

[792] In casu mortis pontificis, quod Deus avertat. (Burnet, Records, p. xxviii.) In case of the death of the pope, which may God avert.

[793] The thing which the king's highness and I more esteem than twenty papalities. Ibid. p. xxv.

[794] Novo fœdere inito super vestem suam miserunt sortem. (Strype, Records, i. p. 109.) A new treaty being entered upon they have cast lots upon his vesture.

[795] His holiness findeth himself in a marvellous perplexity and confusion. Ibid. p. 108.

[796] O non æstimandum thesaurum margaritamque regni nostri. Strype, Records, i, p. 119.

[797] Justissime obstruere ora calumniantium et temere dissentientium. Ibid. p. 120.

[798] Burnet, Records, p. xxx.

[799] Reclamante conscientia. Strype, Records, i. p. 124.

[800] Extrema quæque.....contra conscientiam suam. (Strype, Records, i. p. 126.) Any extreme whatever ... contrary to his conscience.

[801] To my great mervail and no less joy and comfort. Ibid. p. 126.

[802] Burnet's Ref. vol. i, p. 41.

[803] By crafty means and under the face and visage of entire amity. Strype, vol. i, p. 166.

[804] To involve and cast us so in the briers and fetters. Strype, vol. i. p. 166.

[805] Ibid.

[806] My uncle said in a rage. More's Life, p. 132.

[807] Fatis agimur, fatis oedendum. Erasm. Epp. p. 1032.

[808] Ut vel proprio sanguine id vellemus posse a S. D. N. impetrare. Burnet, Records, ii. p. 19.

[809] Neither should Gardiner ever return. Strype, i. p. 167.

[810] Negotia ecclesiastica politicis rationibus interpolantes. Sand. p. 27.

[811] Ad alia vota commigrandi. Herbert, p. 262.

[812] State Papers, vol. vii. p. 78. Dr. Lingard acknowledges the existence of this bull and the order to burn it.

[813] Si (quod absit) aliquid contra præmissa faciamus, illud pro casso, irrito, inani et vacuo omnino haberi volumus. (Herbert, p. 250.) If (which, however, let it not happen) we should do anything contrary to this despatch, we wish it to be regarded as useless, invalid, worthless, and altogether void.

[814] Num illi, aulæa, vas aureum aut equi maxime probentur. Burnet, Records, i. p. xv.

[815] Vatican Letters. Pamphleteer, No. 43, p. 114. The date in the text is that assigned by the editor; we are inclined to place it somewhat earlier.

[816] Pamphleteer, No. 43, p. 115. After the signature comes the following device:

[817] Doubtless the aut illic aut nullibi. For this letter see the Pamphleteer, No. 42, p. 346.

[818] Une terrible Alquemie. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 157.

[819] 26th April, 1528. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 93.

[820] Quelque petit coup de fouet. 24th May, 1528. Du Bellay to Montmorency. Ibid. p. 102.

[821] 20th August, 1528. Ibid. p. 165.

[822] Pamphleteer, No. 43, p. 150.

[823] Ibid.

[824] Dru comme mouches. Le Grand. Preuves, p. 138.

[825] Raide comme un pan de mur. Ibid.

[826] More's Life, p. 136.

[827] Votre père maître Jesonère est tombé malade. Henry to Anne. Pamphleteer. No. 42, p. 347.

[828] With his physician in a chamber within a tower to sup apart. State Papers, vol. i, p. 296.

[829] Ibid. p. 290.

[830] I thank our Lord that them that I desired and prayed for are escaped, and that is the king's grace and you. Anne to Wolsey. Pamphleteer, No. 43, p. 150.

[831] Ibid. No. 42, p. 347.

[832] Pamphleteer, No. 43, p. 120.

[833] State Papers, i, p. 308.

[834] State Papers, i, p. 314.

[835] Pamphleteer, No. 48, p. 149.

[836] 16th October 1528. Du Bellay to Montmorency. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 170.

[837] Coverdale's Remains (Parker Society), p. 490. The authority for this statement is a letter from Coverdale to Cromwell, which the editor of the "remains" assigns to the year 1527. Mr. Anderson (Annals of the Bible, i. p. 239), places it four years later, in 1531. Foxe asserts that Cromwell was at the siege of Rome in May 1527, on the authority of Cranmer and Cromwell himself (Acts and Mon. v. p. 365). If so, the letter cannot belong to that year; but 1531 is improbable. I am inclined to think it was written in 1528; but any way there is a difficulty with the date.

[838] Ibid. p. 10.

[839] Coverdale's Remains, p. 490.

[840] Ibid. p. 12.

[841] Ibid.

[842] Ibid. p. 14.

[843] Ibid. p. 26.

[844] De tuo ipso torrente maxime potare exopto. Ibid. p. 491.

[845] Ibid. p. 10.

[846] Ibid. p. 19.

[847] Strype, Records, i. p. 51.

[848] I felt in my conscience a great wavering. Anderson's Annals of the Bible, vol. i. p. 185.

[849] Coverdale's Remains, p. 481.

[850] Strype, vol. i. ch. i. p. 121.

[851] Ibid. p. 130.

[852] More's Life, p. 82.

[853] Ibid. p. 117.

[854] Strype's Records, p. 363.

[855] Ibid. p. 365.

[856] More's life, p. 116.

[857] Strype's Mem. i. p. 490.

[858] Strype, Records, i. p. 367.

[859] Cum Cæsar materteræ suæ causam contra injurias Henrici propugnaverit. Sanders, p. 28.

[860] Quatuor nuncios celerrimo cursu diversis itineribus ad Campegium misit. Ibid. et Herbert, p. 253.

[861] Fuller, book v. p. 172.

[862] State Papers, vii. p. 91, 92.

[863] Pamphleteer, No. 43, p. 117.

[864] Ibid. p. 151.

[865] The cardinal intended not that your Grace's matter should take effect, but only to use dissimulation with your Grace, for he is entirely imperial. Suffolk to Henry, State Papers, vii. p. 183.

[866] Wyatt, p. 430.

[867] Sanga to Campeggio, from Viterbo, 27th September. Ranke, Deutsche Gesch. iii, p. 135.

[868] State Papers, vii. p. 94, 95.

[869] Despatch from the bishop of Bayonne, 16th October, 1529. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 169.

[870] Quem sæpius visitavi et amantissime sum complexus. (State Papers, vii, p. 103.) Whom often I have visited, and most lovingly embraced.

[871] Pamphleteer, No. 43. p. 123.

[872] Du Bellay to Montmorency, 21st October. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 185.

[873] Ibid. 1st November, p. 195.

[874] Regina in luctu et lacrymis noctes diesque egit. Sanders, p. 29.

[875] Regia majestas et ego ad eum crebro accessimus. State Papers, vii. p. 103.

[876] Rex et duo cardinales, remotis arbitris, de suis rebus multum et diu collocuti. Sanders, P. 29.

[877] Incredibili utriusque nostrum animi mœrore. State Papers, vii. p. 104.

[878] Conatus est omne divortium inter regiam majestatem et reginam dissuadere. Ibid.

[879] Non absque ingenti cruciatu. Ibid.

[880] Ingemiscendum excidium, perpetua infamia. Ibid.

[881] Remedium levamenque afflictæ oppressaque conscientiæ. Ibid.

[882] Non ut ea uteremur, sed ut secreta haberetur. State Papers, vii. p. 104.

[883] Nullo pacto adduci vult, ut mihi, suo collegæ, commissionem hanc decretalem e suis manibus credat. (Ibid. p. 105.) By no engagement could he be induced, to trust out of his hands, to me, his colleague that decretal commission.

[884] Nec ullum verbum nec mentionem ullam. Ibid.

[885] Esse omnni spe frustratos quam in præfata Sanctitate tam ingenue reposueramus. Ibid.

[886] A fundamento tam levi, incertaque statera pendeat, ut in sempiternam ruinam. State Papers, vii, p. 106.

[887] Quanto animi cruciatu ... vigilans dormiensque. Ibid. p. 108.

[888] Du Bellay to Montmorency. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 266.

[889] Du Bellay to Montmorency, 8th November 1528. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 204.

[890] Ibid. p. 232.

[891] This act is dated Idibus Novembris. Wilkins, Concilia, iii. p. 714. Herbert and Collyer say the 8th November.

[892] In mentem una venit et concurrit mortis cogitatio. Ibid.

[893] Hæc una res quod Deo teste et in regis oraculo affirmamus. Wilkins, Concilia, iii. p. 714.

[894] Hall, p. 754.

[895] Du Bellay to Montmorency, 17th November 1528. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 218.

[896] Du Bellay to Montmorency, 1st January. Le Grand, p. 268.

[897] Ibid. p. 200.

[898] Poussez-moi cela raide. Du Bellay to Montmorency. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 217.

[899] Du Bellay to Montmorency. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 219.

[900] Ibid. p. 225.

[901] The Church of Christ is the multitude of all them that believe in Christ, etc. Exposition of Matthew, Prologue.

[902] Prologue to the Book of Genesis (Doctr. Tr.) p. 400.

[903] Prologue to the Book of Leviticus (Doctr. Tr.) p. 423, 424, 426.

[904] Anderson, Annals of the Bible, i. p. 203: "I gathered together and packed up all the books from every quarter."

[905] I Kings xviii, 7.

[906] Cotton MSS. Vitellius, B, xxi. fol. 43. Bible Annals, i, p. 204.

[907] Vobis vestræque familiæ utilius aut honorificentius. State Papers, vii, p. 114.

[908] Burnet, Records, ii. p. 20. Unius digiti jactura....quod factum fuit revocarem.

[909] Admonere, exclamare, rogare, instare, urgere, pulsare, pericula præsentia et futura demonstrare. State Papers, vii, p. 112.

[910] Tempus jam in promptu adest. State Papers, vii. p. 112.

[911] Burnet's Ref. i. p. 44. Records, p. xx.

[912] Nos illum paterna charitate complecti, ut sua erga nos atque hanc sedem plurima merita requirunt. State Papers, vii. 116.

[913] To charge Campegius to burn the decretal. Herbert, p. 250. Burnet's Ref. i, 47.

[914] Hunting and gaming all the day long, and following harlots all the night. Ibid. p. 52.

[915] State Papers, vii. p. 126, note.

[916] Only thereby to conduce the queen thereunto. Ibid. p. 136, note.

[917] De duabus uxoribus. Henry's Instructions to Knight, in the middle of December 1528. Ibid. p. 137. Some great reasons and precedents of the Old Testament appear. Instructions to same, 1st Dec. Ibid. p. 136, note.

[918] La dite lettre du roi, combien qu'elle fût du 3, je l'ai reçue sinon le 13; le pareil m'advint quasi de toutes autres. Du Bellay to Montmorency, 20th Dec. Le Grand, Preuves.

[919] State Papers, vol. vii. p. 130.

[920] Queen Isabella was called Elizabeth in the brief; but I have seen a document from the court of Madrid in which Queen Elizabeth of England was called Isabella; it is not therefore an error without a parallel.

[921] Du Bellay to Montmorency, 12 Jan. 1529. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 279.

[922] Le Grand, Preuves, p. 295, 296.

[923] Burnet, Hist. Ref. vol. i. p. 60.

[924] State Papers, vii. p. 143-150.

[925] Foxe, Acts, iv. p. 601.

[926] By sundry ways hath been advertised of the death of our holy father. Ibid. The king's instructions.

[927] By some detestable act committed for the late pope's destruction. Ibid. p. 603.

[928] By little and little utterly to exclude and extinguish him and his authority. Ibid.

[929] Foxe, iv. p. 604-608.

[930] Les sept peches mortels ont porte la tiare. Casimir Delavigne, Derniers chants, le Conclave.

[931] Where Christ is not the foundation, surely no building can be of good work. State Papers, vii. p. 122.

[932] Convolare ad secundas nuptias non patitur negativum. Ibid. p. 138.

[933] Which words, fashioned with a familiarity and somewhat with earnestness and gravity. Ibid.

[934] Ibid. vol. i, p. 330.

[935] Burnet's Ref. i. p. 49.

[936] Postquam conjunctim omnes. State Papers, vii. p. 154.

[937] Uno eodemque calceo omnium pedes velle vestire. Ibid. p. 156.

[938] Quod forsan non licebit toto capite assequi, in eo digitum imponam. Ibid. p. 157.

[939] Malle Cæsari a stabulo nedum a sacris inservire, quam inferiorum hominum subditorum, vassalorum, rebellium injurias sustinere. Herbert, vol. i, p. 261.

[940] Le Grand, vol. i, p. 131.

[941] Burnet's Ref. vol. i. p. 54.

[942] De intercipiendis literis. State Papers, vol. vii, p. 185.

[943] Ibid. p. 167.

[944] He added: Tametsi noctes ac dies per nos ipsi, ac per juris-peritissimos viros omnes vias tentemus. (Ibid. p. 165.) Although night and day by ourselves, and along with the most skilful lawyers, we try all ways.

[945] Incredibili patientia et humanitate. Burnet, Records, p. xxxii.

[946] Ne præceps huc vel illuc rex hic ruat curamus. Ibid. p. xxxiii.

[947] Hanc Charybdin et hos scopulos evitasse. Burnet, Records, p. xxxii.

[948] Sensuum suadela eam abrumpere cupiat consuetudinem. Ibid. p. xxxiii.

[949] Qui nullam aut certe diminutam hic Romani pontificis auctoritatem. Ibid.

[950] Dubitare non debes si quidem volueris recordare tua erga nos merita. State Papers, vii, p. 178.

[951] A non vicario ad verum vicarium Jesu Christi. Ibid. p. 191.

[952] Du Bellay to Montmorency, 22nd May. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 319.

[953] Foxe, iv. p. 690.

[954] Ibid. p. 689.

[955] Ibid.

[956] Nisard, Hommes illustres de la renaissance. Revue des Deux Mondes.

[957] The Dialogue consisted of 250 pages, and was printed by John Rastell, More's brother-in-law. Tyndale's answer did not appear until later; we have thought it our duty to introduce it here.

[958] Answer to Sir Thomas More's Dialogue.

[959] Ibid. p. 101.

[960] Ibid. p. 28, 29.

[961] Answer to Sir Thomas More's Dialogue, p. 12, 13.

[962] Ibid. p. 40.

[963] Ibid. p. 39.

[964] Ibid. p. 104.

[965] Ibid. p. 189.

[966] Ibid. p. 214.

[967] Ibid.

[968] Ibid. p. 197.

[969] Thomæ More non admodum gratulor. Erasm. Epp. p. 1478.

[970] Juillet préparatoire pour lui faire avaler la médecine.

[971] Du bec et des ongles. Du Bellay to Montmorency. Le Grand, iii. p. 328.

[972] Herbert, p. 316.

[973] Hackett to Wolsey, Brussels, 13th April, 1529. Bible Annals, vol. i. p. 199.

[974] Foxe, iv, p. 670.

[975] Foxe, v, p. 120.

[976] Lost both his money, his copies.... Ibid.

[977] Coverdale tarried for him and helped him. Ibid.

[978] Anderson's Annals of the Bible, i. p. 240.

[979] This is the date assigned in Coverdale's Remains. (Par. Soc.) p. 490.

[980] Burnet, Records, p. xxxv.

[981] E quanto altro non si possa, forse si pensera ad avvocare la causa a se. Lettere di XIII uomini illustri, 19th March 1529.

[982] Ut solum Deum præ oculis habentes. Rymer, Acta ad annum.

[983] Sua beatitudine ricorda, che il procedere sia lento ed in modo alcuno non si venghi al giudicio. To Card. Campeggio, 29th May, 1529. Lett. di Principi.

[984] Se in illos tanquam judices suos non assentire, ad papam provocavit. (Sanders, p. 32.) Refusing to acknowledge them as her judges, she appealed to the pope.

[985] Burnet's Ref. i. p. 54.

[986] The king's letter to his ambassadors at Rome, 23rd June. Ibid. Records, p. liv.

[987] Personas judicum non solum regi devinctas verum et subjectas esse. (Sanders, p. 35.) Her judges were not only in the interest of the king, but were even his subjects.

[988] Qui dissensionem inter ipsam et virum suum. (Polyd. Virg. p. 688.) Who put dissension between her and her husband.

[989] Hæc illa flebiliter dicente. Polyd. Virg. p. 686, and Cavendish.

[990] Burnet, Records, p. 36. In this letter the king says: Both we and the queen appeared in person.

[991] Fuller, p. 173.

[992] Vidisses Wolseum infestis fere omnium oculis conspici. (Polyd. Virg. p. 688.) You might see almost all eyes indignantly turned on Wolsey.

[993] Du Bellay to Montmorency. Le Grand, Preuves, pp. 186, 319.

[994] See Pace's letter to Henry in 1526. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 1. Pace there shows that it is incorrect to say: Deuteronomium abrogare Leviticum (Deuteronomy abrogates Leviticus), so far as concerns the prohibition to take the wife of a deceased brother.

[995] Cavendish's Wolsey, p. 223.

[996] She showed this unto the king. Letter to Cromwell in Strype, vol. i. p. 272.

[997] Cavendish, p. 226.

[998] In quadam superiori camera: the queen'a dining-chamber, nuncupata, 26 die mensis junii Rymer. Acta. p. 119.

[999] Divino, ecclesiastico jure....nullo omnino et invalidum. Herbert, p. 163.

[1000] Quod Arthurus mane postridie potum flagitaret, idquo ut alebant, quoniam diceret se ilia nocte in calida Hispaniarum regione peregrinatum fuisse, Sanders, p. 43.

[1001] Foxe, v, p. 51.

[1002] Herbert gives them at length, pp. 264-267.

[1003] Feriæ generales messium et vindemiarum. (Herbert, p. 278; Cavendish, p. 229) The general vacation of harvest and vintage.

[1004] Mensam quæ proponebatur magno ictu concutiens: Per sacram, inquit, missam, nemo unquam legatorum aut cardinalium quicquam boni ad Angliam apportavit. Sanders, p. 49.

[1005] Cavendish, p. 233.

[1006] Duces ex judicio discedentes, ut ipsi omnibus iracundiæ flammis urebantur. Sanders, p. 49.

[1007] Edm. Campion De divortio. Herbert, p. 289.

[1008] Du Bellay's Letters, Le Grand, Preuves, p. 374.

[1009] Novis etiam furoris et insaniæ facibus incenderunt. (Sanders, p. 49.) They burned with new brands of rage and madness.

[1010] Fuller, p. 176.

[1011] Du Bellay to Montmorency, 15th June. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 324.

[1012] Tyndale and Fryth's Works, vol. i. 295.

[1013] Tyndale's Works, vol. i. p. 300.

[1014] Wyatt's Memoirs, p. 438.

[1015] Strype, i. p. 171.

[1016] Ibid. p. 172.

[1017] Ibid.

[1018] Tyndale and Fryth's Works, vol. i. p. 286.

[1019] She on her knees told it all. Strype, vol. i. p. 172.

[1020] Upon her knees she desireth the king's help for her book. Ibid.

[1021] Wyatt's Memoirs, p. 411.

[1022] Tyndale's Works, edited by Russel, vol. i. p. 212

[1023] Ibid. p. 233.

[1024] Ibid. p. 274.

[1025] Tyndale's Works, p. 243.

[1026] Ibid. p. 220.

[1027] Ibid. p. 213.

[1028] Strype, i. p. 172.

[1029] The letters from the king's secretaries Gardiner and Tuke to Wolsey, dated Woodstock, run from 4th August to 8th September. State Papers, i. p. 335-347.

[1030] Foxe, v. p. 136; Miss Benger's life of Anne Boleyn, p. 299.

[1031]

Jamais trop gay, ne trop melancolique,
Elle a au chef un esprit angelique,
Le plus subtil qui onc au ciel vola.
O grand' merveille! on peut voir par cela
Que je suis serf d'un monstre fort etrange:
Monstre je dy, car pour tout vray elle a
Corps feminin, cœur d'homme et tete d'ange

[1032] Non solum regium animum et totum hoc regnum a sedis apostolicæ devotione penitus abalienabit, ac me omnino perdet et funditus destruet. State Papers, vii, p. 189.

[1033] Prescott's Conquest of Mexico, book vii, chap. iv.

[1034] Fuller, p. 178.

[1035] Burnet, Records, ii, p. 37.

[1036] Ibid.

[1037] Ut dictum regem in solita erga nos benevolentia retinere velis. Burnet, Records, ii. p. xxxviii.

[1038] He became much incensed. Herbert, p. 187. Supra quam dici potest excanduit Sanders, p. 50.

[1039] He would do the same with such a mayn [great] and army royal, as should be formidable to the pope and all Italy. State Papers, vii. p. 194; Burnet, Records, p. xxxvii.

[1040] Your grace's dexterity ... by good handling of the cardinal Campeggio. State Papers, vol. 1. p. 336.

[1041] Ibid. p. 343.

[1042] Cavendish, p. 237-245.

[1043] Burnet's Ref. vol. i, p. 59.

[1044] Du Bellay to the Grand Master. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 375; also Cavendish.

[1045] Le Grand, vol. ii. p. 156. Life of Campeggio, by Sigonius.

[1046] Sarcinas excuti jussit. Sanders, p. 51.

[1047] Cavendish, p. 216. See also Le Grand, ii. 258

[1048] He had learnt of his necromancy that this would be a jeopardous year for him. Tyndale's Works, i, p. 480.

[1049] Strype. i. p. 373.

[1050] Herbert, p. 289.

[1051] Du Bellay to Montmorency. 12th October. Le Grand, Preuves, p.365.

[1052] Fæda barbaries. Melch. Adam. Vitæ Theol. i.

[1053] Ad eos non aliter quam ad cotem, quotidie priscam detergebat scabritiem. (Ibid.) Coming to them as to a whetstone, he daily rubbed off his old asperity.

[1054] Behold the very fountains. Foxe, viii, p. 4.

[1055] Totum triennium Sacræ Scripturæ monumentis periegendis impendit. M. Adam. p. 1.

[1056] Like a merchant greedy of all good things. Foxe. viii, p. 4.

[1057] Tardus quidem lector sed vehemens observator. M. Adam. p. 1.

[1058] Sine calamo nunquam ad scriptoris eujusquam librum accessit. M. Adam. p. 1.

[1059] Omnes omnium opiniones tacito secum judicio trutinabat. Ibid.

[1060] Cranmer's Works, p. 17, 18.

[1061] God knows, and not I. Foxe, viii, 7.

[1062] Burnet, vol. i, p. 60.

[1063] Ibid.

[1064] For the discharging of both our consciences. Foxe, VIII, p. 8.

[1065] Sanders, p. 57; Lingard, vol. vi. chap. iii. Compare Foxe, vol. viii, p. 8.

[1066] Teque nobilis illius margaritæ desiderio teneri. Erasm. Epp. p. 1754.

[1067] Du Bellay to Montmorency, 22nd October. Le Grand, Preuves. p. 377.

[1068] Range, Deutsche Geschichte, iii. p. 140.

[1069] Du Bellay to Montmorency. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 371.

[1070] In quadam theca de veluto crimisino. Rymer, Act. p. 138.

[1071] Baldekinum, pannus omnium ditissimus cujus utpote stamen ex filo auri, subtegmen ex serico texitur, plumario opere intertextus. (Ducange's Glossary.) Baudskin, the richest of all kinds of cloth, inasmuch as its warp is of gold thread, the woof of silk, and the whole interwoven with rich embroidery.

[1072] Cavendish, Wolsey, p. 251.

[1073] The poor fool took on, and fired so in such a rage. Cavendish, p. 237.

[1074] It has been often asserted that Sir Thomas More was the first layman to whom the office of chancellor was intrusted; but there were no less than six between A.D. 1342 and 1410; viz. Sir Robert Boucher, knight; Sir Robert de Thorp, knight; Sir R. de la Serope, knight; Sir M. de la Pole; R. Neville, earl of Salisbury; and Sir T. Beaufort, knight.

[1075] More's Life, p. 172.

[1076] The crown of England, free at all times, has been in no earthly subjection, but immediately subject to God in all things. Herbert, p. 231. See also Articles of Impeachment, section 1.

[1077] Since the 13th of Nov. 1302, Raynold ad ann. Uterque ergo gladius est in potestate ecclesiæ, spiritualis scilicet et materialis. Both the one sword, and the other therefore, is, in the power of the church, the spiritual undoubtedly and the material also.

[1078] Cavendish, p. 276.

[1079] Cavendish, p. 280.

[1080] Long communication with my lord in secret. Ibid. p. 270.

[1081] The king began to detest the mention of him. Foxe, v. p. 368.

[1082] In a vehement boldness. Ibid. p. 367.

[1083] Foxe, v. p. 367. See also Apol. Regin. Poli ad Car. i. p. 120, 121.

[1084] Du Bellay to Montmorency. Le Grand, Preuves, p. 378, 380.

[1085] Works, i. p. 481.

[1086] It was the first step, a great and bold sally towards that Reformation. Herbert, p. 320.

[1087] Rather than give to them the silly cow, if he had but only one. Foxe, iv. p. 611.

[1088] Quod non exerceant tabernas, nec ludant taxillis vel aliis ludis prohibitis; quod non pernoctent in locis suspectis quod non intersint inhonestis spectaculis, etc. Convocatio prælatorum. Wilkins, Concilia, iii. p. 717.

[1089] Canes venaticos loris ducere ac accipitres manibus. Ibid, p. 723.

[1090] Mulierum colloquia suspecta nullatenus habeant. Ibid. p. 722.

[1091] Et in cæteris carnis spurcitiis pœna crescat. Ibid. p. 721.

[1092] The bishop of Norwich to Primate Warham, 14th May 1530, Cotton MSS. Cleopatra. E. v. folio 360; Bible Annals. i. p. 256.

[1093] More's Works; A Dialogue concerning Heresies, p. 274.

[1094] Strype's Mem. vol. i. p. 315; Foxe, iv. p. 638.

[1095] Apology. ch. xxxvi, p. 901, 904.

[1096] See the catalogue in Wilkins, Concilia, p. 713 to 720. Wilkins is of opinion (p. 717, note) that this document belongs to the year 1529. There are, however, some portions of these statuta which have evident reference to the year following.

[1097] Tyndale's Works, i, p. 1.

[1098] Foxe, iv. pp. 677, 678.

[1099] Wilkins, Concilia, iii. pp. 728-731.

[1100] Latimer's Remains, p. 297.

[1101] Latimer's Sermons p. 8.

[1102] Wilkins, Concilia, iii. p. 736.

[1103] Latimer's Remains, p. 305.

[1104] Ibid.

[1105] Wilkins, Concilia, iii. p.736.

[1106] Latimer's Remains, p. 308.

[1107] I had rather suffer extreme punishment. Ibid. p. 298.

[1108] Foxe, iv. p. 679.

[1109] Dieted and tormented him secretly. Tyndale's Works, vol. i. p. 485.

[1110] For the constant and manifest testimony of Jesus Christ and of his free grace and salvation. Foxe, vol. iv. p. 619.

[1111] The bishops murdered him most cruelly. Tyndale, vol i. p. 485.

[1112] Foxe, vol. iv. p. 670.

[1113] Ibid. p. 699.

[1114] Ibid. p. 681.

[1115] Ibid vol. v. p. 34.

[1116] Ibid. vol. iv. p. 681.

[1117] Ibid.

[1118] Yet it was in other countries beyond sea. Foxe, vol iv. p. 681.

[1119] Confirmed by him in the doctrine. Ibid.

[1120] Ibid.

[1121] Ibid.

[1122] Ibid. vol. v. p. 34.

[1123] His name was Robert Lambe. Foxe, vol. v. p. 34.

[1124] Fed with fine manchet made of sawdust, or at least a great part thereof. Ibid. iv. p. 625.

[1125] Foxe, iv, p. 695.

[1126] Ibid. v. p. 19.

[1127] Ut ne scortator aut immundus essem, uxorem duxi. Foxe, v. p. 19.

[1128] Joshua, vii. 12.

[1129] Strype, i, p. 312.

[1130] Strype, i, p. 312.

[1131] Ibid. p. 314.

[1132] Ibid. p. 312.

[1133] Strype, i, p. 313.

[1134] He thought that all the while the Scriptures were against him. Latimer's Sermons, p. 52.

[1135] Foxe, iv. p. 642. See Luke ix, 51.

[1136] Burnet and some more modern historians are, in my opinion, mistaken when they state that Wolsey was present in parliament at the close of 1529. See State Papers, i. p. 347, 351.

[1137] State Papers, vol. 1. p. 351, mutilated by fire.

[1138] Timebat sibi damnum et periculum de corpore suo per quosdam suos æmulos. (Rymer, Fœdera, p. 139.) He feared loss and bodily injury at the hands of some of his rivals.

[1139] Article vi. Herbert, p. 295.

[1140] Cum prostratione appetitus et continuo insomnio. (Wolsey to Gardiner; Cavendish, Appendix, p. 474.) With loss of appetite and continual want of sleep.

[1141] State Papers. vol. i. p. 354.

[1142] Hall, p. 773.

[1143] Cosi mi disse el Re, che contra de S. M. el machinava nel regno e fuori, et m'a detto dove e come. Le Grand, Preuves. p. 529.

[1144] And there you may shift your apparel. Cavendish, p. 347.

[1145] 1 Peter iv, 17—Plerumque ecclesia est cœtus exiguus sustinens varias et iugentes ærumnas. (Melancthon, loci.) The church for the most part is a small company, enduring various and great sufferings.

Transcriber's note:

Variations in spelling, punctuation and hyphenation have been retained except in obvious cases of typographical error. For example: both Cochlæus and Cochlœus appear.

Page 396: "understanding not only over her own sex" The transcriber has added the word "her".