History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century, Volume 3

by J. H. Merle d'Aubigné

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Bullinger's Chronik, Frauenfeld, 1838-1840.

[2] La Papauté considérée dans son origine et dans son développement au moyen âge, ou réponse aux allégations de M. Merle D'Aubigné dans son Histoire de la Réformation au seizième siècle, par l'abbé C. Magnin, docteur en théologie. Genève, chez Berthier-Guers, 1840.

[3] St. Epiphany says, that our Lord committed to James the Elder at Jerusalem his throne on earth (τον θρονον αυτου επι της γης): and speaking of the bishops assembled at Jerusalem, he declares that the whole world (παντα κοσμον) ought to submit to their authority. Epiph. Hæres., 70, 10; 78, 7.

[4] Journal of the Rev. Joseph Wolff. London 1839, p. 225.

[5] As the French original does not indicate the source whence this quotation is taken, it may not be improper to mention that it will be found in the Histoire Universelle of Theodore Agrippa D'Aubigné, 3 vols folio, Amsterdam 1626. D'Aubigné was then a refugee at Geneva, and in the preface to this work, which contains a history of the world and more especially of France and French Protestantism during his lifetime, he bequeaths to his children the task of completing the history he had partially traced out, and prescribes to them (in the passage quoted above) the spirit in which it should be performed. He little thought that two centuries and a half would pass away before his legacy would be accepted and the history of Protestantism completed. [Note by the Translator.]

[6] Hume and others.

[7] Hic.....invalescit opinio, me esse ab amicis captum e Francia missis. L. Epp. ii. 5.

[8] Et inter festinantes cursu equites ipsum pedestrem raptim tractum fuisse ut sanguis e digitis erumperet. Cochlœus, p. 39.

[9] Fuit qui testatus sit, visum a se Lutheri cadaver transfossum......Pallavicini, Hist. Conc. Trid. i. 122.

[10] Molem vulgi imminentis ferre non possunt. L. Epp. ii. 13.

[11] Qui me libero insanierunt, nunc me captivo ita formidant ut incipiant mitigare. Ibid.

[12] Nos vitam vix redempturos, nisi accensis candelis undique eum requiramus. Ibid.

[13] Gerbelii Ep. in MS. Heckelianis. Lindner, Leb. Luth. p. 244.

[14] Mirabilis in iis voluptas, immo ambrosia quædam cælestis. Corp. Ref. i. 128.

[15] Spiritum Martini nolim temere in hac causa interpellare. Ibid. i. 211.

[16] Pater noster carissimus vivit. Corp. Ref. i. 389.

[17] Dicitur parari proscriptio horrenda. Ibid.

[18] Dicuntur signatæ chartæ proscriptionis bis mille missæ quoque ad Insbruck. Ibid.

[19] Scholastici quorum supra millia ibi tunc fuerunt. Spalatini Annales, 1521, October.

[20] Equitem videres ac ipse vix agnosceres. L. Epp. ii. 11.

[21] Nunc sum hic otiosus, sicut inter captivos liber. L. Epp. ii. 3, 12th May.

[22] Quanquam et hilariter et libenter omnia mihi ministret. Ibid. 13, 15th August.

[23] Ego mirabilis captivus qui et volens et nolens hic sedeo. Ibid. 4, 12th May.

[24] Tu fac ut pro me ores: hac una re opus mihi est. Quicquid de me fit in publico, nihil mœror; ego in quiete tandem sedeo. Ibid. 10th June 1521.

[25] Ego hic sedens tota die faciem Ecclesiæ ante me constituo. L. Epp. ii. 1.

[26] Verebar ego ne aciem deserere viderer. Ibid.

[27] Mallem inter carbones vivos ardere, quam solus semivivus, atque utinam non mortuus putere. Ibid. 10.

[28] Cervicem esse objectandam publico furori. Ibid. 89.

[29] Nihil magis opto, quam furoribus adversariorum occurrere, objecto jugulo. Ibid. 1.

[30] Etiam si peream, nihil peribit Evangelio. L. Epp. ii. 10.

[31] Nos soli adhuc stamus in acie: te quærent post me. Ibid. 2.

[32] Quo citius id tentaverit, hoc citius et ipse et sui peribunt, et ego revertar. Ibid. 10.

[33] Auctum est malum, quo Wormatiæ laborabam. Ibid. 17.

[34] Sedeo dolens, sicut puerpera, lacer et saucius et cruentus. L. Epp. ii. 50, 9th Sept.

[35] Gratias Christo, qui me sine reliquiis sanctæ crucis non derelinquit. Ibid.

[36] Nihil gemens pro ecclesia Dei. Ibid. 22, 13th July.

[37] Utinam hac vili anima mea ipsius vitam emere queam. Corp. Ref. i. 415, 6th July.

[38] Sine intermissione scribo. L. Epp. ii. 6, 16.

[39] Cum quiescere non posset. Cochl. Act. Luth. p. 39.

[40] Und der Pabst müsse ihm beichten. L. Opp. xvii. 701.

[41] Cortex meus esse potest durior, sed nucleus meus mollis et dulcis est. Ibid. Lat. ii. 213.

[42] Zu zeiten gehet er in die Erdbeer am Schlossberg. Mathes. p. 33.

[43] Vol. II. p. 226.

[44] Theologisabar etiam ibi inter retia et canes......tantum misericordiæ et doloris miscuit mysterium. L. Epp. ii. 43.

[45] Quid enim ista imago, nisi Diabolum significat per insidias suas et impios magistros canes suos......Ibid.

[46] Sic sævit Papa et Satan ut servatas etiam animas perdant. Ibid. 44.

[47] Vol. I. p. 219.

[48] Coegit me ergo ut humanas traditiones violarem, necessitas servandi juris divini. Corp. Ref. i. 441.

[49] At mihi non obtrudent uxorem. L. Epp. ii. 40.

[50] Me enim vehementer movet, quod sacerdotum ordo, a Deo institutus, est liber, non autem monachorum qui sua sponte statum eligerunt. L. Epp. ii. 34.

[51] Dominus Jesus erudiat et liberet nos, per misericordiam suam, in libertatem nostram. To Melancthon, on Celibacy, 6th August 1521. Ibid. 40.

[52] L. Opp. (W.) xxii. 1466.

[53] Es ist nicht mehr denn eine einige Geistlichkeit, die da heilig ist, und heilig macht......L. Opp. xvii. 718.

[54] Adolescentes liberare ex isto inferno cœlibatus. L. Opp. ii. 95.

[55] Dass unser Blut möcht schreien, und dringen sein Gericht, dass sein bald ein Ende würde. L. Epp. ii. 105.

[56] Non continebor quin idolum Moguntinum invadam, cum suo lupanari Hallensi. L. Epp. ii. 59, 7th October.

[57] Huic seculo opus esse acerrimo sale. Corp. Ref. i. 463.

[58] Non passurum principem, scribi in Moguntinum. L. Epp. ii. 94.

[59] Potius te et principem ipsum perdam et omnem creaturam. L. Epp. ii. 94.

[60] Non sic, Spalatine; non sic, princeps. Ibid.

[61] Ut acerbiora radat. Ibid. 110.

[62] Derselbig Gott lebet noch, da zweifel nur niemand an......L. Epp. ii. 113.

[63] Helwing, Gesh. der Brandeb. ii. 605.

[64] Hoc enim proprium est illorum hominum (ex March. Brandeburg), ut quam semel in religione sententiam approbaverint, non facile deserant. Leutingeri Opp. i. 41.

[65] Larvam cardinalatus et pompam episcopalem ablegare. L. Epp. ii. 132.

[66] Codex Diplom. Ecclesiæ Magunt. iv. 460.

[67] Psalms 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, 147.

[68] Et solus hic liber omnium lingua, manu, oculis, auribus, cordibus versaretur. L. Epp. ii. 116.

[69] The Bible Society.

[70] Michelet, in his Mémoires de Luther, devotes more than thirty pages to the various accounts of these Satanic visitations.

[71] The keeper of the Wartburg still carefully directs the traveller's attention to the spots made by Luther's inkstand.

[72] Machete er sich heimlich aus seiner Patmo auf. L. Opp. xviii. 238.

[73] Determinatio theologorum Parisiensium super doctrina Lutherana. Corp. Ref. i. 366-388.

[74] Damnarunt triumviri Beda, Quercus, et Christophorus. Nomina sunt horum monstrorum etiam vulgo nunc nota Belua, Stercus, Christotomus. Zwinglii Epp. i. 176.

[75] Corp. Ref. i. 396.

[76] Scias me positurum animam citius quam fidem. Ibid.

[77] Evangelium obscuratum est, fides extincta......Ex Christianismo, contra omnem sensum spiritus, facta est quædam philosophica vivendi ratio. Ibid. 400.

[78] Per viam vexatus rumore vario de nostrorum quorundam importunitate. L. Epp. ii. 109.

[79] Liess in der Stille seine Freunde fodern. L. Opp. xviii. 238.

[80] Quo si mihi carendum est, mortem fortius tulero. Corp. Ref. i. 453, 455.

[81] Omnia vehementer placent quæ video et audio. L. Epp. ii. 109.

[82] Einem 2 oder 3 befehlen Mess zu halten und die andern 12 von denen, das Sacrament sub utraque specie, mit empfahen. Corp. Ref. i. 460.

[83] Der meiste Theil jener Parthei Niederländer seyn. Corp. Ref. i. 476.

[84] Sed et ego amplius non faciam missam privatam in æternum. L. Epp. ii. 36.

[85] Wollen die Mönche nicht Mess halten, sie werden's bald in der Küchen und Keller empfinden. Corp. Ref. i. 461.

[86] Mit dem Mess halten keine Neuerung machen. Ibid.

[87] Signa ab hominibus reperta admonent tantum; signa a Deo tradita, præterquam quod admonent, certificant etiam cor de voluntate Dei. Corp. Ref. i. 478.

[88] Kein Mönch werde in der Kappe selig. Corp. Ref. i. 433.

[89] Dass man nicht oben Stück von einem Kloster da sey gestanden, merken möge. Ibid. 483.

[90] Etliche unter den Bürgern, etliche unter den Studenten, says the prior in his complaint to the Elector. Ibid.

[91] In summa es sollen die Aufruhr etliche Studenten von Erffurth erweckt haben. Corp. Ref. i. 490.

[92] Corp. Ref. i. 456. The editors assign this decree to the month of October before the friars had quitted the convent at Wittemberg.

[93] Und die anderen Schirymstege alle aussen lassen. Corp. Ref. i. 512.

[94] Wer mit Sünden beschwert and nach der Gnade Gottes hungrig und durstig. Ibid. 540.

[95] Wenn man communicirt hat, so singt man: Agnus Dei carmen. Corp. Ref. i. 540.

[96] Mir ist das Wort fast in grosser Geschwindigkeit eingefallen. Ibid. 545.

[97] Keinen offenbaren Sünder zu dulden......Ibid. 540.

[98] By the Council of Lateran, in 1215.

[99] Sacerdos constituitur medius inter Deum et populum. Th. Aquin. Summa, iii. 22.

[100] Perfectio hujus sacramenti non est in usu fidelium, sed in consecratione materiæ. Ibid. Quest. 80.

[101] Advolasse Gabrielem Angelum. Camerarii Vita. Mel. p. 48.

[102] Breviter, de sese prædicant viros esse propheticos et apostolicos. Corp. Ref. i. 514. The author alludes to the followers of Irving.—Tr.

[103] Ut rerum potiatur et instauret sacra et respublicas tradat sanctis viris tenendas. Camerar. Vita. Mel. p. 45.

[104] Quod nos docemus, ille facit.

[105] Einen Priester der das Venerabile getragen mit Steinen geworfen. Seck. p. 482.

[106] Sunt et illic in vincula conjecti. Mel. Corp. Ref. i. 513.

[107] Huc advolarunt tres viri, duo lanifices, literarum rudes, literatus tertius est. Ibid.

[108] Incedens more et habitu militum istorum quos Lanzknecht dicimus. L. Epp. ii. 245.

[109] Esse sibi cum Deo familiaria colloquia, videre futura......Mel. Electori, 27th Dec. 1521. Corp. Ref. i. 514.

[110] Censebat enim neque admittendum neque rejiciendum quicquam temere. Camer. Vita Mel. p. 49.

[111] Electori lucernæ Israel. Camer. Vita Mel. p. 513.

[112] Darüber auch leiden was S. C. G. leiden sollt. Ibid. p. 537.

[113] Ne princeps manus cruentet in prophetis. L. Epp. ii. 135.

[114] Ubi fiebant omnia in dies difficiliora. Camer. Vita Mel. p. 49.

[115] Irruendum et demoliendum statim. Ibid.

[116] Die Bilder zu stürmen und aus den Kirchen zu werfen. Math. p. 81.

[117] Etliche Fürsten ihre Bewandten abgefordert. Corp. Ref. i. 560.

[118] Perdita et funditus diruta. Camer. Vit. Mel. p. 52.

[119] Lutherum revocavimus ex heremo suo magnis de causis. Corp. Ref. i. 566.

[120] Möchte ich ehe zehn Tode leyden. Wieder Emser. L. Opp. xviii. 613.

[121] Ich krieche zu seiner Gnaden. L. Opp. xviii. 615.

[122] Quæras num experti sint spirituales illas angustias et nativitates divinas, mortes infernosque. L. Epp. ii. 215.

[123] Mit Schweinen und Schellen......in Koth geworfen. Weimar. Ann. Seck. p. 482.

[124] In ihre laïsche Hände reiche. L. Opp. xviii. 285.

[125] Germaniam in sanguine natare. L. Epp. ii. 157.

[126] Ita enim res postulat ipsa. Ibid. 135.

[127] So machte er sich mit unglaublicher Freudigkeit des Geistes, im Nahmen Gottes auf den Weg. Seck. p. 458.

[128] See the narrative of Kessler, with all its details, and in the simple language of the times, in Bernet, Johann Kessler, p. 27. Hahnhard Erzählungen, iii. 300, and Marheinecke Gesch. der Ref. ii. 321, 2d edition.

[129] In einem rothem Schlöpli, in blossen Hosen und Wamms......Hahn-hard Erzählungen, iii. 300, and Marheinecke Gesch. der Ref. ii. 321, 2d edition.

[130] Furit Satanas; et fremunt vicini undique, nescio quot mortibus et infernis. L. Epp. ii. 153.

[131] Er hält meinen Herrn Christum für ein Mann aus Stroh geflochten. L. Epp. ii. 139.

[132] Und ja nicht wehren......so sie mich fahen oder tödten will. L. Epp. ii. 140.

[133] Der wahre, dritte und lezte Elias......L. Opp. (L.) xviii. 271.

[134] L. Epp. ii. 143. Luther was forced to alter this expression at the elector's request.

[135] Domini enim sumus vitæ et mortis. L. Epp. ii. 150.

[136] Non enim ad fidem et ad ea quæ fidei sunt, ullus cogendus est......L. Epp. ii. 151.

[137] Ich wollte nicht einen Birnstiel drauf geben. L. Opp. (L.) xviii. 225.

[138] Grosse Freude und Frohlocken unter Gelahrten und Ungelahrten. L. Opp. xviii. 266.

[139] Aus sonderlicher Schickung des Allmächtigen......Ibid.

[140] Imo, inquit, angeli, non hominis vocem mihi audisse videor. Camer. p. 12.

[141] In alium virum mutatus est. L. Epp. ii. 156.

[142] Ego Carlstadium offendi, quod ordinationes suas cessavi. Ibid. 177.

[143] Philippi et Carlstadii lectiones, ut sunt optimæ. Ibid. 284.

[144] 1 Kings xviii. 29.

[145] Rursum ad ipsum confluere......Camer. p. 52.

[146] Vehementer superbus et impatiens......credi vult plena auctoritate, ad primam vocem......L. Epp. ii. 179.

[147] Audivit Lutherus placide. Camer. p. 52.

[148] Cum et solum pedibus et propositam mensulam manibus feriret. Ibid.

[149] Quid pollicentes de mirabilibus affectionibus. Ibid. p. 53.

[150] Ihren Geist haue er über die Schnauze. L. Opp. Altenburg. Ausg. iii. 137.

[151] Spumabat et fremebat et furebat. L. Epp. ii. 179.

[152] Gans klare und gründliche Schrift.

[153] Verum omnia nunc elimare cœpimus, Philippus et ego. L. Epp. ii. 176.

[154] See Vol. II. p. 71.

[155] Ingenti labore et studio. L. Epp. ii. 236.

[156] Ante Michaelis non absolvetur, quanquam singulis diebus decies millia chartarum sub tribus prelis excudant......Ibid.

[157] A florin and a half, about half a crown.

[158] Gesch. d. deutsch. Bibel Uebersetz.

[159] Vol. I. p. 265.

[160] Qui et alicubi in unum congesti rogum publice combusti sunt.

[161] Ut sutores, mulieres, et quilibet idiotæ......avidissime legerent. Cochlœus, p. 50.

[162] Adversus quas non uno nobis, ut ita dicam, Hercule opus est. Corp. Ref. i. 137.

[163] Video dogmatum aciem pulchre instructam adversus tyrannidem pharisaicam. Er. Epp. p. 949.

[164] La Somme de Theologie, par Philippe Melancthon, Genève, 1551. Jehan Calvin aux Lecteurs.

[165] Librum invictum (said he on another occasion) non solum immortalitate sed et canone ecclesiastico dignum. De Servo Arbitrio.

[166] Loci Communes Theologici, Basle, 1521, p. 35. This edition is very rare. For the subsequent revisions consult that of Erlangen, 1828, founded on that of Basle, 1561.

[167] Vult te intueri Filium Dei sedentem ad dextram Patris, mediatorem interpellantem pro nobis. Ibid.

[168] Quandoquidem omnia quæ eveniunt, necessario eveniunt juxta divinam prædestinationem, nulla est voluntatis nostræ libertas. Loc. Com. Theol. Basle, 1521, p. 35.

[169] See the edition of 1561, reprinted in 1829, p. 14-44, the several chapters:—De tribus personis;—De divinitate Filii;—De duabus naturis in Christo;—Testimonia quod Filius sit persona;—Testimonia refutantia Arianos;—De discernendis proprietatibus humanæ et divinæ naturæ Christi;—De Spiritu Sancto, &c. &c.

[170] Hoc est Christum cognoscere, beneficia ejus cognoscere. Ibid.

[171] Heu! infelicem hoc novo partu Germaniam! Cochlœus.

[172] Jactant libellum regis Angliæ; sed leum illum suspicor sub pelle tectum:—an allusion to Lee, the king's chaplain, and a pun on the word leo, a lion. L. Epp. ii. 213.

[173] Collier, Eccl. Hist. of Great Britain, fol. ii. 1.

[174] Domi suæ voluptatum omnium sacrarium fecit, quo regem frequenter ducebat. Polyd. Virgilius, Angl. Hist., Basle, 1570, fol. p. 633. Polydore appears to have suffered from Wolsey's pride, and rather inclined to exaggerate the minister's faults.

[175] Cum illis adolescentibus una psallebat, saltabat, sermones leporis plenos habebat, ridebat, jocabatur, &c. Polyd. Virgilius, Angl. Hist. Basle, 1570, fol. p. 633.

[176] Eximia corporis forma præditus, in qua etiam regiæ majestatis augusta quædam species elucebat. Sanderus de Schismate Anglicano, p. 4. This work of Sanders, papal nuncio in Ireland, should be read very cautiously; for it abounds in false and calumnious assertions, as has been remarked by Cardinal Quirini and the Roman-catholic Doctor Lingard. See the History of England by the latter, vol. vi. 173.

[177] Surgebat media nocte ut nocturnis religiosorum precibus interesset. Ibid. 5.

[178] Sub regio vestitu Divi Francisci habitu utebatur. Sanders, p. 5.

[179] Legebat studiose libros divi Thomæ Aquinatis. Pol. Virg. p. 634.

[180] Primum libros Lutheranos, quorum magnus jam numerus pervenerat in manus suorum Anglorum, comburendos curavit. Pol. Virg. p. 664.

[181] Uti sella aurea, uti pulvino aureo, uti velo aureo ad mensam. Ibid.

[182] Primus episcoporum et cardinalium, vestitum exteriorem sericum sibi induit. Ibid. p. 633.

[183] Galerum cardinalium, ordinis insignem, sublime a ministro præferebat......super altare collocabat. Ibid. p. 645.

[184] Knapp's Nachlese, ii. 458.

[185] Meque adversus venenata jacula hostis eam oppugnantes objicerem. Assertio septem sacramentorum adv. M. Lutherum, in prologo.

[186] Omnis Christi servus, omnis ætas, omnis sexus, omnis ordo consurgat. Ibid.

[187] Et qui nocuit verbo malitiæ, supplicii prosit exemplo. Assertio septem sacramentorum adv. M. Lutherum, in prologo.

[188] Mirum est quanto nixu parturiens, quam nihil peperit, nisi merum ventum. Ibid.

[189] Collyer, Eccl. Hist. p. 17.

[190] Burnet, Hist. Ref. of England. i. 30.

[191] Intra paucos menses, liber ejus a multis chalcographis in multa millia multiplicatus. Cochlœus, p. 44.

[192] Ut totum orbem christianum et gaudio et admiratione repleverit. Ibid.

[193] He was brought to fancy it was written with some degree of inspiration. Burnet, Preface.

[194] Mea in ipsos exercebo cornua, irritaturus Satanam, donec effusis viribus et conatibus corruat in se ipso. L. Epp. ii. 236.

[195] Ignis et furor insulsissimorum asinorum et Thomisticorum porcorum. Contra Henricum Regem, Opp. Lat. ii. 331. This language reminds us of the Irish agitator. There is, however, greater force and nobility in the orator of the 16th than in him of the 19th century. See Revue Britannique for November 1835. Le Règne d'O'Connel. "Soaped swine of civilized society," &c. p. 30.

[196] Confusi et prostrati jacent a facie verborum istius tonitrui. Contra Henricum reg. Opp. Lat. ii. 336.

[197] Hic sto, hic sedeo, hic maneo, hic glorior, hic triumphor, hic insulto papistis......Ibid. 342.

[198] Nec magnum si ego regem terræ contemno. Ibid. 344, verso.

[199] L. Opp. Leips. xviii. 209.

[200] Canem dixissem rabidum, imo lupum rapacissimum, aut sævissimam quandam ursam. Cochlœus, p. 60.

[201] Reverendus frater, pater, potator, Lutherus. Cochlœus, p. 61.

[202] Si......suas resorbeat et sua relingat stercora. Ibid. p. 62.

[203] Sentinas, cloacas, latrinas,......stercora. Ibid. p. 63.

[204] Cum suis......et stercoribus......relinquere. Ibid. p. 63. Cochlœus is delighted at quoting these passages, selecting what according to his taste are the finest parts in More's reply. M. Nisard, on the contrary, confesses in his article on More, whom he defends with great warmth and erudition, that in this writing "the impurities dictated by the anger of the Catholic are such that all attempt at translation is impossible." Revue des deux Mondes, v. 592.

[205] So ergiest er, gleich wie eine Schlang vom Himmel geworfen. L. Opp. xviii. 212. The original is in Latin: Velut e cœlo dejectus serpens, virus effundit in terras.

[206] Und durch sein schädlich Anblasen das höllische Feuer aussprühe. Ibid. 213.

[207] Oder aber auch mit Blut vergiessen. L. Opp. xviii. 213.

[208] Hist. Council of Trent. pp. 15, 16.

[209] Der übrigen Prediger Feindschafft, Neid, Nachstellungen, Praticken, und Schrecken. Seckendorff, p. 559.

[210] Seckendorff, p. 811; Stentzel, Script. Rer. Siles. i. 457.

[211] Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, ii. 70.

[212] Eaque omnia prompte, alacriter, eloquenter. Cochlœus, p. 52.

[213] Populo odibiles catholici concionatores. Cochlœus, p. 52.

[214] Ad extremam redacti inopiam, aliunde sibi victum quærere cogerentur. Ibid. p. 53.

[215] Triumphantibus novis prædicatoribus qui sequacem populum verbo novi Evangelii sui ducebant. Ibid.

[216] Multi, omissa re domestica, in speciem veri Evangelii, parentes et amicos relinquebant. Ibid.

[217] Ubi vero aliquos nacti fuissent amicos in ea civitate......Ibid. 54.

[218] Mira eis erat liberalitas. Cochlœus, p. 53.

[219] Eam usque diem nunquam Germane prædicatam. Ibid.

[220] Omnes æquales et fratres in Christo. Ibid.

[221] A laicis Lutheranis, plures Scripturæ locos, quam a monachis et presbyteris. Ibid. p. 54.

[222] Reputabantur catholici ab illis ignari Scripturarum. Cochlœus, p. 54.

[223] Totam vero juventutem, eloquentiæ litteris, linguarumque studio deditam......in partem suam traxit. Ibid.

[224] Veteris farinæ.

[225] Panzer's Annalen der Deutsch. Litt.; Ranke's Deutsch. Gesch. ii. 79.

[226] Apostatarum, monasteriis relictis, infinitus jam erat numerus, in speciem bibliopolarum. Cochlœus, p. 54.

[227] We have ventured to employ the words colporteur and colportage to express the trade and title of those itinerant booksellers. Besides the inadequacy of our English equivalent, these words appear to be making their way into our vocabulary. (Translator.)

[228] Catholicorum, velut indocta et veteris barbarici trivialia scripta, contemnebant. Cochlœus, p. 54.

[229] In publicis mercatibus Francofordiæ et alibi, vexabantur ac ridebantur. Ibid.

[230] Von dem Rathhaus unter einem Zulauf von 25,000 Menschen. Seck. p. 539.

[231] Der Teufel indem er sich in Gestalt eines alten Weibes. Ibid.

[232] Lass du dir's die Buben nehmen......Seck. p. 430.

[233] So liessen sie eine Canzel machen, die man von einem Ort zum andern......Seck. p. 436.

[234] Aliquot ministri canonicorum, capiunt D. Valentinum Mustæum et vinctum manibus pedibusque, injecto in ejus os freno, deferunt per trabes in inferiores cœnobii partes, ibique in cella cerevisiaria eum castrant. Hamelmann, Historia renati Evangelii, p. 880.

[235] Herren und Siegmänner des Todes. L. Epp. ii. 164.

[236] Ich kenne auch selbst nicht den Luther. Ibid. 168.

[237] Wittemberger Nachtigall, a poem by Hans Sachs, 1523.

[238] Pfeffel Droit publ. de l'Allemagne, 590. Robertson, Charles V. iii. 114. Ranke, Deutsche Gesch.

[239] Sancte juro......eum ex hac fenestra meo jussu suspensum iri. Pallav. i. 130.

[240] Essendo tornato dalla Dieta che sua Maestà haveva fatta in Wormatia, escluso d'ogni conclusion buona d'ajuti e di favori che si fussi proposto d'ottenere in essa. Instructions to Cardinal Farnese. MS. in the Corsini library, published by Ranke.

[241] Ipso Cæsare, ore subridenti, spectaculo plausit. Pallav. i. 130.

[242] Cum esset in corporis ornatu elegantissimus. Maffei Vita Loyolæ, 1586, p. 3.

[243] Equorumque et armorum usu præcelleret. Ibid.

[244] Partim in factionum rixarumque periculis, partim in amatoria vesania......tempus consumeret. Ibid.

[245] Ardentibus oculis, detestatus ignaviam perfidiamque, spectantibus omnibus, in arcem solus introit. Ibid. p. 6.

[246] Tam acri ac vehementi oratione commilitonibus dissuasit. Maffei Vita Loyolæ, 1586, p. 6.

[247] Ut e vestigio semianimis alienata mente corruerit. Ibid. p. 7.

[248] Nullum aliud indicium dedit doloris, nisi ut coactos in pugnum digitos valde constringeret. Ibid. p. 8.

[249] Quid si ego hoc agerem quod fecit beatus Franciscus, quid si hoc quod beatus Dominicus? Acta Sanct. vii. 634.

[250] Non era condessa, ni duquessa, mas era su estado mas alto. Ibid.

[251] Ibi duce amicisque ita salutatis, ut arcana consiliorum suorum quam accuratissime tegeret. Maffei, p. 16.

[252] Pretiosa vestimenta quibus erat ornatus, pannoso cuidam largitus, sacco sese alacer induit ac fune præcinxit. Ibid. p. 20.

[253] Furori ac libidini hæreticæ pravitatis opponeret. Maffei, p. 21.

[254] Victum osteatim precibus, infimis emendicare quotidie. Ibid. p. 23.

[255] Tunc subito, nulla præcedente significatione, prorsus exui nudarique se omni gaudio sentiret. Ibid. p. 27.

[256] Nec jam in precibus, neque in psalmis......ullam inveniret delectationem aut requiem. Ibid.

[257] Vanis agitari terroribus, dies noctesque fletibus jungere. Ibid. p. 28.

[258] Ut nulla jam res mitigare dolorem posse videretur. Maff. p. 29.

[259] Et sæculi commodis repetendis magno quodam impetu cogitaverit. Ibid. p. 30.

[260] Sine ulla dubitatione constituit præteritæ vitæ labes perpetua oblivione conterere. Ibid. p. 31.

[261] Quæ vix demum solent homines intelligentia comprehendere. Maff. p. 32.

[262] En figuras de tres teclas.

[263] Quod etsi nulla scriptura, mysteria illa fidei doceret. Acta Sanct.

[264] Quæ Deo sibi aperiente cognoverant. Maff. p. 34.

[265] Vol. I. p. 203.

[266] Comburi jussit alteram vultus in ejus statua, alteram animi ejus in libris. Pallav. i. 128.

[267] Paris de Grassis, his master of the ceremonies, has this entry in his diary. "Thursday, 10th Jan., after breakfast, the pope went to Toscanello and its neighbourhood. He went without his stole, and, worse than that, without his rochet, and worse than all, wore boots. Diar. inedit."

[268] Si unirono in un oratorio, chiamato del divino amore, circa sessanta di loro. Caracciolo, Vita da Paolo IV. MS. Ranke.

[269] Doctores Lovanienses accepisse consilium a tam conspicuo alumno. Pallav. p. 136.

[270] Sleidan, Hist. de la Ref. i. 124.

[271] Certum est quod (Pontifex) potuit errare in iis quæ tangunt fidem, hæresim per suam determinationem aut decretalem asserendo. Comm. in lib. 4. Sententiarum Quest. de Sacr. Confirm. Romæ, 1522 folio.

[272] Sarpi, Hist. Council of Trent, p. 20.

[273] Per longa esperienza delle cose del mundo, molto prudente e accorto. Nardi. Hist. Fior. lib. vii.

[274] Sarpi, Hist. Council of Trent, p. 21.

[275] Das man die Nachfolger derselben vergiften Lehre, mit dem Schwert strafen mag. L. Opp. xvii. 321.

[276] Cum fama sit fortis et Cæsarem et papam Nurnbergam conventuros. L. Epp. ii. 214.

[277] Sed Christus qui cœpit conteret eum. Ibid. 215.

[278] Quod ex ea regione venirent, unde nobis secundum carnem origo est. Papal Brief. L. Opp. Lat. ii. 352.

[279] Er wollte einen Finger drum geben......Seck. p. 568.

[280] Resecandos uti membra jam putrida a sano corpore. Pallavicini, i. 158.

[281] Einen grossen Schrecken eingejagt. Seck. p. 552.

[282] Nicht anders geschrien denn: Crucifige! crucifige! L. Opp. xviii. 367.

[283] Sese auctoritate pontifica curaturum ut isti caperentur. Corp. Ref. i. 606.

[284] Priusquam illi caperentur, se urbe cessuros esse. Ibid.

[285] In eam sedem aliquot jam annos quædam vitia irrepsisse, abusus in rebus sacris, in legibus violationes, in cunctis denique perversionem. Pallav. i. 160. See also Sarpi, p. 25; L. Opp. xviii. 329, &c.

[286] Liberioris tamen, quam par erat, sinceritatis fuisse visum est, ea conventui patefacere. Ibid. 162.

[287] In eos, in vestras res, domos, uxores, liberos, ditiones, dominatus, templa quæ colitis. L. Opp. Lat. ii. 536.

[288] Quod in tali concilio eis qui interesse deberent vel ecclesiastici vel laicalis ordinis libere liceret loqui. Geldart, Constit. Imper. i. 452.

[289] Wie sie solcher Beschwerung und Drangsaal entladen werden. L. Opp. xviii. 354.

[290] Ut pie placideque purum Evangelium prædicaretur. Pall. i. 166; Sleidan, i. 135.

[291] Victus est ac ferme profligatus e Germania Romanus pontifex. Zw. Epp. 313.—11th October 1523.

[292] Gott habe solenes E.G. eingeben. L. Opp. xviii. 476.

[293] Dass die Kirchen ohne Volk sind, dass die Völker ohne Priester sind, dass die Priester ohne Ehre sind, und dass die Christen ohne Christo sind. Ibid. 37.

[294] Wen sie gleich eines verdammten Lebens sind. L. Opp. xviii. 379.

[295] Quid dicam? quo me vertam? Corp. Ref. i. 627.

[296] Principi nullum licet suscipere bellum, nisi consentiente populo, a quo accepit imperium. Ibid. 601.

[297] So kehrt er ihnen auch die Rechnung gar um. L. Opp. xxii. 1831.

[298] Ut videar mihi videre Germaniam in sanguine natare. L. Epp. ii. 156.

[299] Cogitent populos non esse tales medo, quales hactenus fuerunt. Ibid. 157.

[300] Christus meus vivit et regnat, et ego vivam et regnabe. Ibid. 158.

[301] Wie ihre Bärt und Haare ausweisen. Seckend. p. 482.

[302] Müsse man solche Dinge Gott überlassen. Ibid. p. 485.

[303] Zum Tode verurtheilet. Seck. p. 548.

[304] Quomodo mulieres vi Henricum liberarint. L. Epp. ii. 265.

[305] Susceptum honorifice a domina Margareta. L. Epp. ii. 265.

[306] Cives aliquos, et mulieres vexatæ et punitæ. Ibid.

[307] Et vitam exiget et sanguinem. Ibid. 181.

[308] Est executor Cæsaris contra nostros. Ibid. 207.

[309] Domo captum, exustum credimus. Ibid. 214.

[310] Jacobus, Dei miraculo liberatus, qui nunc agit nobiscum. L. Epp. ii. 182. This letter, placed in M. de Wette's collection, under the date of April 14, must be posterior to the month of June; since on the 26th of June Luther writes that Probst has been taken a second time and is going to be burnt. We cannot admit that Probst visited Wittemberg between his two imprisonments, for Luther would not have said of a Christian, who had saved his life by a recantation, that he had been delivered by a miracle of God. Perhaps we should read in the date of the letter in die S. Turiafi, instead of in die S. Tiburtii, which would bring it down to the 13th of July,—a far more probable date in my opinion.

[311] So sie doch schändlicher leben denn Huren und Buben. L. Epp. ii. 482.

[312] Schlug etliche Todt. Seck. p. 604.

[313] Sey gegrüsst, mein Bruder. Scultet. Ann. i. 173.

[314] Facta est hæc res Bruxellæ in publico foro. L. Epp. ii. 361.

[315] Nondum triginta annorum. Ibid.

[316] Dit schijnen mij als roosen te zijn. Brandt, Hist. der Reformatie, i. 79.

[317] Admoto igne, canere cœperunt symbolum fidei, says Erasmus. Epp. i. 1278.

[318] Da ist der eine im Feuer auf die Knie gefallen. L. Opp. xviii. 481.

[319] Cœpta est carnificina. Epp. i. 1429.

[320] Quarta post exustus est tertius frater Lambertus. L. Epp. ii. 361.

[321] Ea mors multos fecit Lutheranos. Er. Epp. p. 952; Tum demum cœpit civitas favere Luthero. Ibid. p. 1676. Erasmus to Duke George; Ea civitas antea purissima. Ibid. p. 1430.

[322] Ubicumque fumos excitavit nuntius, ibi diceres fuisse factam heresean sementem. Ibid.

[323] Vestra vincula mea sunt, vestri carceres et ignes mei sunt. L. Epp. ii. 464.

[324] Communi habitu, quod per sylvas et campos ierat per mediam urbem......sine clero, sine prævia cruce. Cochl. p. 82.

[325] Wolle sich des Wortes Gottes halten. Seckend. p. 613.

[326] Tria solum exemplaria fuisse perlata Romam, ad quosdam privatim, ex iis unum sibi contigisse. Sleidan. lib. iv.

[327] Quantum eis possibile sit. Cochlœus, p. 84.

[328] Pontifex ægerrime tulit......intelligens novum de religione tribunal co pacto excitari citra ipsius auctoritatem. Palav. i. 182.

[329] Erstes baierisches Religions Mandat. Winter, Gesch. der Evang. Lehre in Baiern, i. 310.

[330] Winter, Gesch. der Evang. Lehre in Baiern, i. 156.

[331] Ranke, Deutsche Gesch. ii. 159.

[332] Non est frangere fidem in eo, qui Deo fidem frangit. Decret. Conc. Sess. gen. 19. September 23, 1415.

[333] Strobel's Verm. Beyträge zur Gesch. der Litt. Nürnberg. 1775, p. 98.

[334] Improbis clericorum abusibus et perditis moribus. Cochlœus, p. 91.

[335] Ut Lutheranæ factioni efficacius resistere possint, ultronea confederatione sese constrixerunt. Ibid.

[336] Enchiridion, seu loci communes contra hæreticos. 1525.

[337] Ranke, Deutsche Gesch. ii. 163.

[338] Atque etiam proprios ipse tractatus perscripserim. Cochlœus, p. 92, verso.

[339] See Cochl., ibid. Cum igitur ego Casparus Tauber, etc.

[340] Credo te vidisse Casparis Tauber historiam martyris novi Viennæ, quem cæsum capite scribunt et igne exustum pro verbo Dei. Luther to Hausmann, 12th November 1524, ii. 563.

[341] Idem accidit Budæ in Ungaria bibliopolæ cuidam Johanni, simul cum libris circa eum positis exusto, fortissimeque passo pro Domino. Luther to Hausmann, ii. 563.

[342] Sanguis sanguinem tangit, qui suffocabit papam cum regibus et regnis suis. Ibid.

[343] Ranke, Deutsche Gesch. ii. 174.

[344] Zauner, Salzburger Chronik. iv. 381.

[345] Verbi non palam seminati. L. Epp. ii. 559.

[346] In Bavaria multum regnat crux et persecutio. L. Epp. ii. 559.

[347] Der Himmel wäre da so nahe als anderswo. L. Opp. xix. 330.

[348] Das ist die wahre Historie, &c. L. Opp. L. xix. 333.

[349] See Vol. I. p. 100.

[350] See Hardenberg Vita Wessli; Gerdes. Hist. Evang. renov. i. 228-230; Gieseler, Kirchen G. iii. 190; Ulman Joh. Wessel (2d edit.), p. 564.

[351] Hardenberg, Vita Wesseli; W. Opp. Amsterdam, p. 13. Hardenberg refers to Rhodius, Goswin, Melancthon, and Th. Blaurer, from whom he says that he received his account, and adds: Interim velim illis credi, ut viris bonis; mihi saltem, ut fideli relatori.

[352] Ich habe wohl so harte Anfechtungen da erlitten. L. Epp. ii. 577.

[353] Huc perpulit eum insana gloriæ et laudis libido. L. Epp. ii. 551.

[354] Ihr bandet mir Hände und Füsse, darnach schlugt Ihr mich. L. Opp. xix. 150.

[355] Sicut una scintilla sæpe totam sylvam comburit. M. Adami Vita Carlst. p. 83. Our narrative is mostly taken from the Acts of Reinhardt, pastor of Jena, an eye-witness, but a friend of Carlstadt, and whom Luther charged with inaccuracy.

[356] Spann an, spann an. L. Opp. xix. 154.

[357] So muss du dess Missbrauchs halber auch. Ibid. 155.

[358] Two of the most distinguished contemporary historians of Germany (Dr. Markeineke, Ref. Gesch. ii. 139, and Fred. von Raumer, Gesch. Europ. i. 371), add, that the people of Orlamund flung mud and stones at Luther; but he asserts the very contrary: "Dass ich froh ward, dass ich nit mit Steinen und Dreck ausgeworffen ward" I was glad to escape without being pelted with stones and mud. L. Epp. ii. 579.

[359] Höher als tausend Welten. Seck. p. 628.

[360] Quæ publice vocatis per campanas lectæ sunt omnibus simul flentibus. L. Epp. ii. 558.

[361] Causa Dei est, cura Dei est, opus Dei est, victoria Dei est, gloria Dei est! Ibid. 556.

[362] Honoris causa de equo descensurus. Camerarius, p. 94.

[363] Ut de quæstionibus quas audiisset moveri, aliquid diligenter conscriptum curaret. Ibid. p. 94.

[364] Epitome renovatæ ecclesiasticæ doctrinæ.

[365] Seckendorf, p. 738.

[366] Princeps ille discipulus Philippi fuit a quibusdam appellatus. Camer. p. 95.

[367] Ut loco illius abominabilis principatus, qui hermaphrodita quidem. L. Epp. ii. 527.

[368] Ut contempta ista stulta confusaque regula, uxorem duceret. Ibid.

[369] Ille tum arrisit, sed nihil respondit. Ibid.

[370] Weise christliche Messe zu halten. L. Opp. (L.) xxii. 232.

[371] Die christliche Gemeine nimmer soll zusammen kommen, es werde denn daselbst Gottes Wort geprediget. Ibid. 226.

[372] Dass das Wort im Schwange gehe. Ibid. 227.

[373] L. Epp. ii. pp. 308, 354.

[374] Welchem gebührt das Schwerd, nicht das Predigtamt zu versorgen. L. Opp. xviii. p. 497.

[375] Corp. Ref. i. 636.

[376] L. Epp. ii. 565.

[377] Durch das Licht des heiligen göttlichen Wortes......L. Opp. xviii. 502.

[378] Hebrews viii. 11.

[379] Aber hin ist hin (but lost is lost); sie haben nun den Pabst. L. Opp. W. x. 535.

[380] Die Sprachen sind die Scheide, darinnen dies Messer des Geistes stecket. L. Opp. W. x. 535.

[381] Es sey oder werde nicht lauter bleiben. L. Opp. W. x. 535.

[382] Ich hätte wohl auch können fromm seyn und in der Stille recht predigen. Ibid.

[383] Hunc titulum ignaviæ suæ prætextunt. Corp. Ref. i. 613.

[384] Chateaubriand, Génie du Christianisme.

[385] Ich gebe nach der Theologie, der Musica den nähesten Locum und höchste Ehre. L. Opp. W. xxii. p. 2253.

[386] See Vol. II. p. 174.

[387] Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, ii. 85.

[388] See Vol. 1. p. 79.

[389] Luther's treue Ermahnung an alle Christen sich vor Aufruhr und Empörung zu hüten. Opp. xviii. 288.

[390] Habemus fructum tui spiritus. Erasm. Hyperasp. b. iv.

[391] Der barmherzige Gott behüte mich ja für der christlichen Kirche, darin eitel Heilige sind. On John i. 2. L. Opp. (W.) vii. 1469.

[392] Führete sie nicht weiter in Geist und zu Gott. L. Opp xix. 294.

[393] Saur sehen, den Bart nicht abschneiden. Ibid.

[394] Munzer's language is low and impious: Er wollt in Gott scheissen wenn er nicht mit ihm redet, wie mit Abraham. Hist. of Munzer by Melancthon. Ibid. 295.

[395] See Vol. I. p. 137.

[396] Man lasse die Geister auf einander platzen und treffen. L. Epp. ii. 347.

[397] Gott ist's selber der setzt sich wider euch. L. Opp. xix. 254.

[398] Und jagten den Grafen durch die Spiesse. Mathesius, p. 46

[399] Deinen Nächsten zu retten aus der Hölle. L. Opp. xix. 266.

[400] Omnia simul communia. L. Opp. xix. 292.

[401] Lasset euer Schwerdt nicht kalt werden von Blut. L. Opp. xix. 289.

[402] Moncerus plus quam Scythicam crudelitatem præ se fert. Corp. Ref. i. 741.

[403] So wolle er hinkünftig zu fuss gehen. Seck. p. 685.

[404] Ihr sollt sehen dass ich alle Büchsensteine im Ermel fassen will. L. Opp. xix. 297.

[405] So findet er einen am Bett.

[406] Kein Messer scherpfer schirrt denn wenn ein Baur des andern Herr wird. Mathes. p. 48.

[407] Hic nulla carnificina, nullum supplicium. Corp. Ref. i. 752.

[408] Eorum animos fractos et perturbatos verbo Dei erexit. M. Adami Vit. Brentii, p. 441.

[409] Agmen rusticorum qui convenerant ad demeliendas arces, unice oratione sic compescuit. M. Adami Vita Fred. Myconii, p. 178.

[410] Quod adulator principum vocer. L. Epp. ii. 671.

[411] Gaudent papistæ de nostro dissidio. Ibid. 612.

[412] Matt. xxvi. 31. L. Epp. ii. 671.

[413] Qui cum toties hactenus sub pedibus meis calcavit et contrivit leonem et draconem, non sinet etiam basiliscum super me calcare. Ibid.

[414] Es ist besser einige aus dem Rachen des Teufels herausreissen. L. Opp. H. Ed. ix. 961.

[415] Ea res incussit......vulgo terrorem ut nihil usquam moveatur. Corp. Ref. i. 752.

[416] Noch etwas gutes mehr in der Welt. Seckend. p. 702.

[417] Dass alle Umstehende zum weinen bewegt. Seckend. p. 702.

[418] James i. 10.

[419] Durch das theure Blut meines allerliebsten Heylandes erlöset. Seck. p. 703.

[420] O mors amara! L. Epp. ii. 659.

[421] Ranke, Deutsche Gesch. ii. 226.

[422] Dux Georgius, mortuo Frederico, putat se omnia posse. L. Epp. iii. 22.

[423] Habito conciliabulo conjuraverunt restituros sese esse omnia......Ibid.

[424] Sleidan. Hist. de la Réf. i. 214.

[425] Keil, Luther's Leben, p. 160.

[426] Der Seelen Seligkeit halber. L. Epp. ii. 323.

[427] Mit aller Zucht und Ehre an redliche Stätte und Orte kommen. L. Epp. ii. 322.

[428] Per honestos cives Torgavienses adductæ. Ibid. 319.

[429] Mirabiliter evaserunt. Ibid.

[430] Und alle Klöster ledig machen. Ibid. 322.

[431] Cum expectem quotidie mortem et meritum hæretici supplicium. L. Epp. ii. 570. Letter to Spalatin, 30th November 1524.

[432] Muss und will Ich sehen wo mich Gott ernähret. L. Epp. ii. 582.

[433] Si vis Ketam tuam a Bora tenere. Ibid. 553.

[434] Aus Begehren meines lieben Vaters. Ibid. iii. 2.

[435] Ibid. 1.

[436] Genesis ii. 18.

[437] Risuros mundum universum et diabolum ipsum. M. Adami Vita Luth. p. 130.

[438] Ut confirmem facto quæ docui, tam multos invenio pusillanimes in tanta luce Evangelii. L. Epp. iii. 13.

[439] Nonna ducta uxore in despectum triumphantium et clamantium Jo! Jo! hostium. Ibid. 21.

[440] Non duxi uxorem ut diu viverem, sed quod nunc propiorem finem meum suspicarer. L. Epp. iii. 32.

[441] Monachus cum vestali copularetur. M. Ad. Vit. Luth. p. 131.

[442] Quot Antichristorum millia jam olim habet mundus. Er. Epp. p. 789.

[443] Erasmus adds, alluding to reports spread by Luther's enemies that he had not been married more than a fortnight when his wife was already brought to bed of a son; "Partu maturo sponsæ vanus erat rumor." Ibid. pp. 780, 789.

[444] Οτι πσευδος τουτο και διαβολη εστι. Corp. Ref. i. 753, ad Camerarius.

[445] Πασα σπουδη και ευνοιαΠασα σπουδη και ευνοια. Ibid.

[446] And he adds: Offenditur etiam in carne ipsius divinitatis et creatoris. L. Epp. iii. 32.

[447] This letter is dated October 21, 1525. Catena mea simulat vel vere implet illud Genes. 3. Tu dolore gravida eris. Ibid. 35.

[448] Mir meine liebe Kethe einen Hansen Luther bracht hat, gestern um zwei. Ibid. 116. June 8, 1526.

[449] Rommel's Urkundenbuch, i. 2.

[450] Was das für ein Glaube sey, der eine solche Erfahrung erfordert. Seck. p. 739.

[451] Es ist das Heyl uns kommen her.

[452] Dankte Gott mit Freuden. Seck. p. 668.

[453] Sleidan, Hist. Ref. p. 220.

[454] Seckend. p. 712.

[455] Er muss herunter. L. Epp. ii. 674.

[456] L. Epp. iii. 28, 38, 51, &c.

[457] Dass Kirche sey allein diejenige, so Gottes Wort haben und damit gereiniget werden. Corp. Ref. i. 766.

[458] Seckendorf, p. 768.

[459] Allein auf Gott den Allmächtigen, als dessen Werkzeuge sie handeln. Hortleber, Ursache des Deutschen Krieges. i. 1490.

[460] Schmidt, Deutsche Gesch. viii. 202.

[461] Weimar State-papers. Seckendorff, p. 768.

[462] Ranke, Deutsch. Gesch. ii. p. 349; Rommel Urkunden, p. 22.

[463] Ut in mediis gladiis et furoribus Satanæ posito et periclitanti. L. Epp. iii. 100.

[464] 1 Corinthians xiv. 7.

[465] See Vol. II. book viii. near the end.

[466] Er war ein kurzer Mann. Füsslin Beyträge. iv. 44.

[467] Ut post abitum Leonis, monachis aliquid legam. Zw. Epp. 253.

[468] J. J. Hottinger, Helv. Kirch. Gesch. iii. 605.

[469] Ein grosses Verwunderen, was doch uss der Sach werden wollte. Bullinger Chronik. i. 97.

[470] Immotus tamen maneo, non meis nervis nixus, sed petra Christo, in quo omnia possum. Zw. Epp. p. 261.

[471] Nun wohlan in dem Namen Gottes, hie bin ich. Bullinger Chronik. p. 98.

[472] Sc. the monks. Wo sind nun die grossen Hansen......Zw. Opp. i. 124.

[473] Es müss das Erdrych brechen. Zw. Opp. i. 148.

[474] Man möcht denocht früntlich, fridlich und tugendlich läben, wenn glich kein Evangelium were. Bull. Chron. p. 107; Zw. Opp. i. 152.

[475] Cum de tua egregia virtute specialiter nobis sit cognitum. Zw. Epp. p. 266.

[476] Serio respondit: Omnia certe præter sedem papalem. Vita Zwingli, per Osw. Myc.

[477] Prodeant volo, palamque arma capiant. Zw. Epp. p. 292.

[478] Christum suis nunquam defecturum. Ibid. p. 278.

[479] An exposition of the same principles may be seen in the speeches of MM. de Broglie and Royer-Collard, at the period of the famous debates on the law of sacrilege in France 1824.

[480] Dorum habend ir unser Herren kein rächt zu inen, sy zu töden. Bull. Chron. p. 127.

[481] So wollten wir Ihm den Lohn geben, dass er's nimmer mehr thäte. Simmler Samml. MS. ix.

[482] Der Päbste, Cardinäle und Bischöffe Concilia sind nich die christliche Kirche. Fussl. Beytr. iii. 20.

[483] Diacosion Senatus summa est potestas Ecclesiæ vice. Zw. Opp. iii. 339.

[484] Ante omnia multitudinem de quæstione probe docere ita factum est, ut quidquid diacosii (the great council of two hundred), cum verbi ministris ordinarent, jamdudum in animis fidelium ordinatum esset. Zw. Opp. iii. 339.

[485] Dass einigerley Betrug oder Falschsyg in dem reinen Blut und Fleisch Christi. Zw. Opp. i. 498.

[486] Der Geist Gottes urtheilet. Zw. Opp. i. 529.

[487] Wie sy Christum in iren Herzen sollind bilden and machen. Ibid. 534.

[488] Dass er sich selbst mit vil andren bewegt zu weinen. Ibid. 537.

[489] In 1839, the celebrated pantheist and unbeliever, Strauss, having been nominated professor of dogmatical theology in the university of Zurich, the people of all the canton resisted the appointment, and raised a new government into power.

[490] Ohne dass jemand sich unterstehe die Messpriester zu beschimpfen. Wirtz. H. K. G., v. 208.

[491] Inesperato nuntio excepit me filius redeuntem ex Glareana. Zw. Epp. p. 322.

[492] Inter spem et metum. Ibid.

[493] Ac deinde omnes simul pereamus. Ibid. p. 323.

[494] Juventus illum lubens audit. Ibid. p. 264.

[495] See his Autobiography.

[496] Weise, Füsslin Beyt. iv. 66.

[497] Es soll nieman in den Wirtzhüseren, oder sunst hinter dem Wyn von Lutherischen, oder newen Sachen uzid reden. Bull. Chr. p. 144.

[498] Wie wir unser pitt Hoffnung und Trost allein uf Gott. Bull. Chr. p. 146.

[499] Zurich selbigen ausreuten und untertrucken helfe. Hott. Helv. K. G. iii. 170.

[500] Uff einen Creitzgang, sieben unehelicher kinden überkommen wurdend. Bull. Chr. p. 160.

[501] Und es eerlich bestattet hat. Ibid. 161.

[502] Habend die nach inen zu beschlossen. Ibid, 175.

[503] See note, vol. I. p. 145.

[504] Litterarischer Anzeiger, 1840, No. 27.

[505] Der sin rosenfarw Blüt alein fur uns arme Sünder vergossen hat. Bull. Chron. p. 180.

[506] Meine Herrn sollten auch nur dapfer bey dem Gottsworte verbleiben. Füsslin Beytr. iv. p. 107, which contains the replies given by all the parishes.

[507] Scribunt ex Helvetiis ferme omnes qui propter Christum premuntur. Zw. Epp. p. 348.

[508] Negotiorum strepitus et ecclesiarum curæ ita me undique quatiunt. Ibid.

[509] See Vol. II. p. 312.

[510] Der war anfangs dem Evangelio günstig. Bull. Chr. p. 180.

[511] Sunder die Kuttlen im Buch fur Im wagen. Bull. Chr. p. 193.

[512] Und badt sy um Gottes willen uss dem Kloster zu gand. Ibid. p. 183.

[513] Dan es Im leid was. Ibid. p. 195.

[514] Mit Fluchen und Wüten. Bull. Chr. p. 184.

[515] Dann hättind sy mir ein Kind geschikt. Ibid. p. 186.

[516] O weh! was elender Fahrt war das! Bern. Weyss. Fussl. Beyt. iv. p. 56.

[517] Sy troste und in warem glouben starokte. Bull. Chr. p. 188.

[518] On Kerzen, Schellen und anders so bisshar geüpt ist. Bull. Chr. p. 196.

[519] Alls man inn am folter seyl uffzog, sagt der zum Stein: Herrli, das ist die Gaab die wir üch zu üwer Hussfrowen schänckend. Ibid. p. 190.

[520] Sin Huss ist alwey gsin wie ein Kloster, Wirtshuss und Pitall. Bull. Chr. p. 198.

[521] Doch allwäg das Crütz darbey. Ibid.

[522] Furohin bist du nitt me min Vatter und ich din Sun, sondern wir sind Brüdern in Christo. Bull. Chr. p. 204.

[523] Des gnadens weyneten vil Lüthen herzlich. Ibid.

[524] Und vermantend die ernstlich. Bull. Chron. p. 263.

[525] Ater fuerit an albus nihil memini (I do not remember whether he was white or black); somnium enim narro.

[526] Fusslin Beyträge, iv. 64.

[527] Mit grossen verwundern viler Lüthen und noch mit vil grössern fröuden der Glöubigen. Bull. Chron. p. 264.

[528] Expositio fidei. Zw. Opp. ii. 241.

[529] Ut tranquillitatis et innocentiæ studiosos reddat. Zw. Epp. p. 390.

[530] De vera et falsa religione commentarius. Zw. Opp. iii. 145-325.

[531] Peccatum ergo morbus est cognatus nobis, quo fugimus aspera et gravia, sectamur jucunda et voluptuosa: secundo loco accipitur peccatum pro eo quod contra legem fit. Ibid. 204.

[532] Originali morbo perdimur omnes; remedio vero quod contra ipsum invenit Deus, incolumitati restituimur. De pecc. orig. declaratio ad Urbanum Rhegium. Ibid. i. 632.

[533] Interea surgere Zwinglius ad ensem suum. Zw. Opp. iii. 411.—Uli is an abridgment of Ulrich. Zwingle had been priest at Glaris.

[534] Bey Ihm zuletzt sitzen. Kirchhofer Ref. v. Bern. p. 55.

[535] Episcopus noster Vadivillius. Zw. Epp. p. 285.

[536] Tantum favoris et amicitiæ quæ tibi cum tanto summorum pontificum et potentissimorum episcoporum cœtu hactenus intercessit. Zw. Opp. i. anc. ed. lat. 305.

[537] Ex obscuris ignorantiæ tenebris in amœnam Evangelii lucem productum. Ibid.

[538] Epistolas tuæ et eruditionis et humanitatis testes locupletissimas. Zw. Epp. p. 287.

[539] Suo Thomistico Marte omnia invertere. Ibid.

[540] Famem verbi Bernates habent. Ibid. 295.

[541] Ut nec oppidum, nec pagos Bernatum visitare prætendat omnino. Ibid.

[542] Alein das heilig Evangelium und die lehr Gottes frey, offentlich und unverborgen. Bull. Chr. p. 111.

[543] Alle Christen sich allenthalben fröuwend des glaubens. Zw. Opp. i. 426.

[544] Christi negotium agitur. Zw. Epp. 9th May 1523.

[545] Es ist nun gethan. Der Lutherische Handel muss vorgehen. Anshelm, Wirtz, K. G. v. 290.

[546] Cujus præsidio auxilioque præsentissimo, nos vestram dignitatem assidue commendamus. Zw. Epp. p. 280.

[547] Langsamer gereiniget, verzweifelter stirbt, härter verdammet. Kirchhofer, Reform. v. Bern. p. 48.

[548] Dass sie weder luther noch trüb seyen. Ibid. p. 50.

[549] Romish writers, and M. de Haller in particular, following Salat and Tschudi, both enemies of the Reformation, quote a pretended letter of Zwingle's, addressed about this time to Kolb at Berne. It is as follows:—

"Health and blessing from God our Lord. Dear Francis, proceed gently in the affair; at first throw the bear only one sour pear among many sweet ones; then two, and afterwards three; and when he has begun to eat them, throw him more and more—sour and sweet all together; at last empty the sack entirely, hard and soft, sweet, sour, and unripe; he will eat them all, and will no longer allow them to be taken away, or himself to be driven from them.—Zurich, Monday before St. George's day, 1525.

"Your servant in Christ, Ulrich Zwingle."

There are decisive reasons against the authenticity of this letter.—I. In 1525, Kolb was pastor at Wertheimer; he did not remove to Berne until 1527. (See Zw. Epp. p. 526.)—M. de Haller, indeed, very arbitrarily substitutes 1527 for 1525: this correction was no doubt very well meant; but here, unfortunately, Haller is at variance with Salat and Tschudi, who, although they do not agree as to the day on which this letter was alluded to in the diet, are unanimous as to the year, which with both is clearly 1525.—II. There is a difference as to the manner in which this letter was divulged; according to one version, it was intercepted; according to another, some of Kolb's parishioners communicated it to an inhabitant of the smaller cantons who chanced to be at Berne.—III. The original is in German; but Zwingle always wrote in Latin to his learned friends; and besides, he saluted them as their brother, and not as their servant.—IV. If we read Zwingle's letters, we shall see that it is impossible to find two styles more unlike than that of the pretended letter and his. Zwingle would never have written a letter to say so little; his epistles are generally long and full of news. To call the paltry jest preserved by Salat a letter, is mere mockery.—V. As an historian Salat deserves little confidence, and Tschudi appears to have copied him with a few variations. It is possible that a man of the smaller cantons may have had communication from some Bernese of Zwingle's letter to Haller, which we have mentioned in our second volume (p. 359), where Zwingle employs this same comparison of the bears with much dignity, which moreover occurs in all the authors of that time. This may have suggested to some wag the idea of inventing this spurious letter as addressed by Zwingle to Kolb.

[550] Euerem Herrn Jesu nachfolget in Demuth. Kirchh. Ref. v. B. 60.

[551] Zw. Epp. annotatio, p. 451. The Tscharners of Berne are descended from this marriage.

[552] Herzog, Studien und Kritiken, 1840, p. 334.

[553] Meis sumtibus non sine contemptu et invidia. Œcol. ad Pirekh. de Eucharistia.

[554] Das er kein Predigt thate, er hatte ein mächtig Volk darinn, says his contemporary Peter Ryf. Wirtz. v. 350.

[555] Œcolampadius apud nos triumphat. Eras. ad Zwing. Zw. Epp. p. 312.

[556] Illi magis ac magis in omni bono augescunt. Eras. ad Zwing. Zw. Epp. p. 312.

[557] Et in terram promissionis ducere non potest. L. Epp. ii. 353.

[558] Vol. I. p. 13.

[559] "Ille egens et omnibus rebus destitutus quærebat nidum aliquem ubi moveretur. Erat mihi gloriosus ille miles cum sua scabie in ædes recipiendus, simulque recipiendus ille chorus titulo Evangelicorum," writes Erasmus to Melancthon, in a letter in which he endeavours to excuse himself. Er. Epp. p. 949.

[560] Expostulatio Hutteni.—Erasmi Spongia.

[561] Libros nullos habuit, supellectilem nullam, præter calamum. Zw. Epp. p. 313.

[562] Auf Eyern gehen und keines zu treten. L. Opp. xix. 11.

[563] Der heilige Geist ist kein Scepticus. Ibid. 8.

[564]

Quod mihi dixisti nuper de corpore Christi:
Crede quod habes, et habes;
Hoc tibi rescribo tantum de tuo caballo:
Crede quod habes, et habes.
Paravicini Singularia, p. 71.

[565] Histoire Cathol. de notre temps, par S. Fontaine, de l'ordre de St. François, Paris, 1562.

[566] Quantum hoc seculum patitur. Zw. Epp. p. 221.

[567] pontifice, a Cæsare, a regibus, et principibus, a doctissimis etiam et carissimis amicis huc provocor. Erasm. Zw. Epp. p. 308.

[568] Nulla te et ingenio, eruditione, eloquentiaque tua dignior esse potest. Adrianus Papa, Epp. Er. p. 1202.

[569] Res est periculi plena. Er. Epp. p. 758.

[570] Spectator tantum sis tragœdiæ nostræ. L. Epp. ii. 501.

[571] Quidam stolidi scribentes pro te. Unschuldige Nachricht, p. 545.

[572] On this subject, M. Nisard says (Erasme, Revue des deux mondes, iii. 411), "We are grieved for our kind, when we see men capable of grappling with eternal truths, fencing all their lives against trivialities, like gladiators fighting against flies."

[573] L. Opp. xix. 146.

[574] Jacta est alea......audax, mihi crede, facinus......expecto lapidationem. Er. Epp. p. 811.

[575] Quomodo triumphans nescio......Factio crescit in dies latius. Ibid. 809.

[576] De libero arbitrio Diatribe. Eras. Opp. ix. 1215, sqq.

[577] Victoria est penes balbutientem veritatem, non apud mendacem eloquentiam. L. Epp. ii. 200.

[578] Als wenn einer in silbern oder guldern Schusseln wolte Mist und Unflath auftragen. L. Opp. xix. 4.

[579] Sehet, sehet nun da zu! wo ist nun Luther. L. Opp. xix. 3.

[580] Ille si hic multum sui dissimilis fuerit, clamabunt sycophantæ colludere nos. Erasm. Epp. p. 819.

[581] Der Wille des Menschen mag......L. Opp. xix. 29.

[582] Ibid. 33.

[583] Ibid.

[584] L. Opp. xix. 55.

[585] Ibid. 116.

[586] L. Opp. xix. 143.

[587] It is unnecessary to state that I do not speak of personal discussions between these two men, one of whom died in 1600, and the other was not born until 1623.

[588] L. Opp. xix. pp. 146, 147.

[589] M. Nisard, Erasme, p. 419.

[590] Port Royal, by M. Sainte Beuve, i. 20.

[591] Vol. II. p. 348.

[592] Vermeintend ein Kilchen ze versammlen die one Sünd wär. Zw. Opp. ii. 231.

[593] Ibid. iii. 362.

[594] Impietatem manifestissimam, a cacodæmone, a Nicolao II. esse. Hottinger iii. 219.

[595] Wie die Apostel von dem Engel Gottes gelediget. Bull. Chr. p. 261.

[596] Ich bin ein Anfänger der Taufe und des Herrn Brodes. Füssl. Beytr. i. 264.

[597] Mich beduret seer das ungewitter. Zw. to Council of St. Gall, ii. 230.

[598] See Vol. I. p. 145 bot.

[599] Vom Tauf, vom Widertauf, und vom Kindertauf. Zw. to Council of St. Gall, ii. 230.

[600] So wollen wir Gottes Wort haben. Ibid. 237.

[601] Mit wunderbaren geperden und gesprächen, verzucken, gesichten und offenbarungen. Bull. Chr. i. 324.

[602] Glych wie Kain den Abel sinen Bruder ermort hat! Bull. Chron. i. 324.

[603] See note, Vol. I. p. 145.

[604] Job xxxviii. 11.

[605] Füssli Beyträge, i. 229-258; ii. 263.

[606] Ohne das er oder die Mutter, sondern nur der Bruder, geweinet. Hott. Helv. K. Gesch. iii. 385.

[607] Und schüttlet sinen blauen Rock und sine Schüh über die Statt Zurich. Bull. Chr. i. 382.

[608] Quod homines seditiosi, reipublicæ turbatores, magistratuum hostes, justa Senatus sententia, damnati sunt, num id Zwinglio fraudi esse poterit? Rod. Gualteri Ep. ad lectorem, Opp. 1544, ii.

[609] Vol. I. p. 145, bot.

[610] Fidem rem esse, non scientiam, non opinionem vel imaginationem. Comment. de vera relig. Zw. Opp. iii. 230.

[611] Factum est ut Johannes Rhodius et Georgius Sagarus, pii et docti viri, Tigurum venirent, ut de Eucharistia cum Zwinglio conferrent. Lavateri Hist. de origine controv. sacram. Tiguri, 1564, p. 1.

[612] Qui cum ejus sententiam audivissent dissimulantes suam, gratias egerunt Deo, quod a tanto errore liberati essent atque Honii Batavi epistolam protulerunt. Ibid.

[613] Dominus per panem se ipsum tradit nobis. Epist. Christiana per Honnium Batavum Hist. Ev. i. 231-260.

[614] Propositiones ex evangelio de corpore et sanguine Christi sumendo, &c. It is uncertain whether Zwingle had, at this time, received Wessel's treatise de Eucharistia.

[615] Haud aliter hic panem et vinum esse puto quam aqua est in baptismo. Ad Wittenbachium Ep. 15th June 1523.

[616] Zwinglius mihi confessus est, se ex Erasmi scriptis primum hausisso opinionem suam de cœna Domini. Corp. Ref. iv. 970.

[617] Nec enim video quid agat corpus insensibile, nec utilitatem allaturum si sentiretur, modo adsit in Symbolis gratia spiritualis. Er. Opp. iii. 941.

[618] Vol. I. p. 145 bot.

[619] 1 Cor. x. 4.

[620] Diu multumque legit scripta Occami cujus acumen anteferebat Thomæ et Scoto. Melancth. Vita Luth.

[621] Occam und Luther, Studien und Kritiken, 1839, p. 69.

[622] Quod morosior est (Carlstadius) in cæremoniis non ferendis, non admodum probo. Zw. Epp. p. 369.

[623] A manducatione cibi, qui ventrem implet, transiit ad verbi manducationem, quam cibum vocat cœlestem, qui mundum vivificet. Zw. Opp. iii. 573.

[624] He took the word is in its usual acceptation, but by body he understood a symbol of the body.

[625] In morte et in inferno jactatus. L. Epp. iii. 132.

[626] A term applied to them by their opponents, but which they never admitted as applicable to themselves.

[627] Ne potentissimo quidem, sed soli Deo ejusque verbo. Zw. Epp. p. 370.

[628] Totumque convivium sequi, grandem conflictum timentes. Zw. Epp. p. 371.

[629] Auf solches, ritten sie wieder heim. Ibid. p. 374.

[630] Macti animo este et interriti. Ibid. p. 351.

[631] Verbis diris abstinete......opem ferte egenis......spem certissimam in Deo reponatis omnipotente. Zw. Epp. p. 351. There must be a mistake in the dates of one of the letters, 14th and 23d (anno 1524), or else one of Zwingle's letters to his fellow-countrymen is lost.

[632] Parochiæ uno consensu statuerunt in verbo Dei manere. Ibid. p. 423.

[633] Pars tertia papistarum est in immensum gloriantium de schismate inter nos facto. Zw. Epp. p. 400.

[634] Sie wären gute arme Gesellen mit lehren Secklen. Füssl. Beytr. i. 358.

[635] Wäre die Griechische und Hebraische Sprache nicht in das Land gekommen. Füssl. Beytr. i. 360.

[636] Satzte den Fuss wie ein müder Ochs. Ibid. 362.

[637] Den Pfeiffern zuzuhören, die......wie den Fürsten hofierten. Ibid.

[638] Blintzete mit den Augen, rumfete die Stirne. Ibid. 368.

[639] Vita, moribus et doctrina herbescenti Christo apud Rhætos fons irrigans. Zw. Epp. p. 485.

[640] Revelation xiii. 5, 6, 7.

[641] Actum uff den heil. Pfingsel Montag, 1526. Tschudi.

[642] Das der gmein man, one eine offne Disputation, nit zu stillen was. Bull. Chr. i. 331

[643] Diet of Lucerne, 13th March 1526.

[644] Er habe wohl mehr Kühe gemolken, als Bücher gelesen. Zw. Opp. ii. 405.

[645] Vide nunc quid audeant oligarchi atque Faber. Zw. Epp. p. 484.

[646] Zwingli in ihrem Gebiet, wo er betreten werde, gefangen zu nehmen. Zw. Opp. ii. 422.

[647] Da wollte er gern all sein Lebtag ein Henker genannt werden. Ibid. 454.

[648] Wellend wir ganz geneigt syn ze erschynen. Zw. Opp. ii. 423.

[649] Hunc hominem hæreticum damnamus, projicimus et conculcamus. Hotting. Helv. K. Gesch. iii. 300.

[650] Caveatis per caput vestrum......Zw. Epp. p. 483.

[651] Navigio captum, ore mox obturato, clam fuisse deportandum. Osw. Myc. Vit. Zw.

[652] Zwinglium Senatus Tigurinus Badenam dimittere recusavit. Ibid.

[653] Si periclitaberis, periclitabimur omnes tecum. Zw. Epp. p. 312.

[654] Ich bin in sechs Wochen nie in das Beth Kommen. Plater's Leben, p. 263.

[655] Sie verstunden sich bas auf Kuh mälken. Ibid.

[656] Mit Syden, Damast und Sammet bekleydet. Bull. Chr. i. 351.

[657] Verbruchten vil wyn. Bull. Chr. i. 351.

[658] So entwuscht imm ettwan ein Schwür. Ibid.

[659]

Egg zablet mit fussen and henden
Fing an schelken und schenden, &c.
Contemporary Poems by Nicholas Manuel of Berne.

[660] O were der lange gäl man uff unser syten. Bull. Chr. i. 353.

[661] Domino suam gloriam, quam salvam cupimus ne utiquam deserturo. Zw. Epp. p. 511.

[662] Man sollte einem ohne aller weiter Urtheilen, den Kopf abhauen. Thom. Plateri Lebens Beschreib. p. 262.

[663] When they asked me: "What are you going to do?" I replied: "I am carrying chickens to sell to the gentlemen at the baths;" for they gave me some chickens at Zurich, and the sentries could not make out how I procured them always, and in so short a time. Plater's Autobiography, p. 262. Leben's Beschrieb.

[664] Quam laborasset disputando vel inter medios hostes. Osw. Myc. Vita. Zw.—See also Zwingle's several writings having reference to the Baden disputation. Opp. ii. pp. 398-520.

[665] Œcolampadius victus jacet in arena prostratus ab Eccio, herbam porrexit. Zw. Epp. p. 514.

[666] Spem concipiunt lætam fore ut regnum ipsorum restituatur. Ibid. 513.

[667] Die Evangelische weren wol überschryen, nicht aber überdisputiert worden. Hotting. Helv. K. Gesch. iii. 320.

[668] Von gemeiner Kyrchen ussgestossen. Bull. Chr. p. 355.

[669] Plebe Verbi Domini admodum sitiente. Zw. Epp. p. 518.

[670] Tillier, Gesch. v. Bern., iii. 242.

[671] Profuit hic nobis Bernates tam dextre in servando Berchtoldo suo egisse. Ecol. ad Zw. Epp. p. 518.

[672] San Gallenses officiis suis restitutos. Zw. Epp. p. 518.

[673] Kostbare Kleider, Kleinodien, Ring, Ketten, &c. freywillig verkauft. Hott. iii. p. 338.

[674] Fideli enim oratione omnia superabimus. Zw. Epp. p. 519.

[675] Jamdudum papæ renuntiavi et Christo vivere concupivi. Zw. Epp. p. 455.

[676] Mit höherem Werth and mehr Dankbarkeit dann wir angenommen. Zurich. Archiv. Absch. Sonntag nach Lichtmesse.

[677] Berne to Zurich, Monday after Misericorde. Kirchhoff. B. Haller, p. 85.

[678] Genesis xxv. 23.

[679] Sardanapalus (Henry II.) inter scorta. Calvin's Epp. MS.

[680]

Octo nocens pueros genuit totidemque puellas.
Hunc merito poterit dicere Roma Patrem.

[681] In Ebredunensi archiepiscopatu veteres Waldensium hæreticorum fibræ repullularunt. Raynald, Annales Eccles. ad ann. 1487.

[682] Armis insurgant, eosque veluti aspides venenosos......conculcent. Bull of Innocent VIII. preserved at Cambridge. Leger, ii. 8.

[683] Chief town of the Hautes Alpes.

[684] Revue du Dauphiné, July 1837, p. 35. As you go from Grenoble to Gap, a quarter of an hour's journey beyond the last post-house, and about a stone's throw to the right of the high road, may be seen the village of the Farels. The site of the house inhabited by Farel's father is still shown. It is now occupied only by a cottage, but from its dimensions it may be seen that it could not have belonged to an ordinary house. The present inhabitant bears the name of Farel. I am indebted for this information to M. Blanc, pastor of Mens.

[685] Gulielmum Farellum, Delphinatem, nobili familia ortum. Bezæ Icones.—Calvin, writing to Cardinal Sadolet, sets off Farel's disinterestedness--sorti de si noble maison (sprung from so noble a family). Opuscula, p. 148.

[686] Du vray usage de la croix, par Guillaume Farel, p. 237.

[687] Du vray usage de la croix, by W. Farel, p. 232.

[688] J'estoye fort petit et à peine je savoye lire. Ibid. p. 237. Le premier pélerinage auquel j'ay esté a esté à la saincte croix. Ibid. p. 233.

[689] Ibid. p. 235-239.

[690] Du vray usage de la croix, par Guillaume Farel, p. 237.

[691] Ibid. p. 238.

[692] Ibid. p. 235.

[693] The burning spring, the cisterns of Sassenage, the manna of Briançon, &c.

[694] Cum a parentibus vix impetrassem ad literas concessum. (Farel, Natali Galeoto, 1527. MS. letters belonging to the consistory of Neufchatel.)

[695] A præceptoribus præcipue in Latina lingua ineptissimis institutus. Farelli Epist.

[696] Vie de Farel. MS. at Geneva.

[697] Universitatem Parisiensem matrem omnium scientiarum......speculum fidei torsum et politum......Prima Apellat. Universit. an. 1396, Bulœus, iv. p. 806.

[698] Mezeray, vol. iv. 127.

[699] Brant., Dames illustres, p. 331.

[700] His wife and sons came to Geneva in 1540, after his death.

[701] Homunculi unius neque genere insignis. Bezæ Icones.

[702] In his Commentary on 2 Thessalonians ii. will be found a curious account of Mecca and its temple, furnished to him by some traveller.

[703] Fabro, viro quo vix in multis millibus reperias vel integriorem vel humaniorem, says Erasmus. Epp. p. 174.

[704] Barbariem nobilissimæ academiæ......incumbentem detrudi. Beza Icones.

[705] Supra modum me amat totus integer et candidus, mecum cantillat, ludit, disputat, ridet mecum. Zw. Epp. p. 26.

[706] Ep. de Farel à tous seigneurs, peuples et pasteurs.

[707] Floribus jubebat Marianum idolum, dum una soli murmuraremus preces Marianas ad idolum, ornari. Farel to Pellican, anno 1556.

[708] Geneva MS.

[709] Ep. de Farel. A tous seigneurs, &c.

[710] Quo plus pergere et promovere adnitebar, eo amplius retrocedebam. Farellus Galeoto, MS. Letters at Neufchatel.

[711] Quæ de sanctis conscripta offendebam, verum ex stulto insanum faciebant. Farellus Galeoto, MS. Letters at Neufchatel.

[712] Farel. A tous seigneurs, &c.

[713] Ibid.

[714] Oculos demittens, visis non credebam. Farellus Natali Galeoto.

[715] Oculos a luce avertebam. Farellus Natali Galeoto.

[716] A tous seigneurs.—See also his letter to Pellican. Ante annos plus minus quadraginta, me manu apprehensum ita alloquebatur: "Gulielme, oportet orbem immutari et tu videbis!"

[717] A tous seigneurs, peuples et pasteurs.

[718] The first edition of his Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul is, if I mistake not, that of 1512. A copy is extant in the Bibliothèque Royale of Paris. The second edition is that from which I quote. The learned Simon says (Observations on the New Testament), that "James Lefevre deserves to be ranked among the most skilful commentators of the age." We should give him greater praise than this.

[719] Solus enim Deus est qui hanc justitiam per fidem tradit, qui sola gratia ad vitam justificat æternam. Fabri Comm. in Epp. Pauli, p. 70.

[720] Illa umbratile vestigium atque signum, hæc lux et veritas est. Fabri Comm. in Epp. Pauli, p. 70.

[721] Crévier, Hist. de l'Université, v. 95.

[722] Opera signa vivæ fidei, quam justificatio sequitur. Fabri Comm. in Epp. Pauli, p. 73.

[723] Sed radius desuper a sole vibratus, justificatio est. Ibid.

[724] Farel. A tous seigneurs.

[725] Nullis difficultatibus fractus, nullis minis, convitiis, verberibus denique inflictis territus. Bezæ Icones.

[726] O ineffabile commercium!......Fabri Comm. 145, verso.

[727] Inefficax est ad hoc ipsum nostra voluntas, nostra electio: Dei autem electio efficacissima et potentissima est, &c. Ibid. p. 89, verso.

[728] Si de corpore Christi, divinitate repletus es. Fabri Comm. p. 176, verso.

[729] Et virgunculas gremio tenentem, cum suaviis sermones miscentem. Ibid. p. 208.

[730] Farel. A tous seigneurs.

[731] Crévier, Hist. de l'Université de Paris, v. 81.

[732] Farel. A tous seigneurs.

[733] Farel. A tous seigneurs.

[734] Animus per varia jactatus, verum nactus portum, soli hæsit. Farel Galeoto.

[735] Jam rerum nova facies. Ibid.

[736] Notior scriptura, apertiores prophetæ, lucidiores apostoli. Ibid.

[737] Agnita pastoris, magistri, et præceptoris Christi vox. Ibid.

[738] Farel. A tous seigneurs.

[739] Lego sacra ut causam inveniam. Farel Galeoto.

[740] Life of Farel, Geneva and Choupard MSS.

[741] Clamores multi, cantiones innumeræ. Farel Galeoto, Neufchatel MS.

[742] Vere tu solus Deus. Farel Galeoto, Neufchatel MS.

[743] Biogr. Univ., art. Olivetan. Hist. du Calvinisme by Maimbourg, p. 53.

[744] Et purioris religionis instaurationem fortiter aggressus. Beza Icones.

[745] Sic ex Stapulensis auditorio præstantissimi viri plurimi prodierint. Ibid.

[746] See Vol. II. p. 281.

[747] Vie des Dames illustres, p. 333. La Haye, 1740.

[748] Ibid. p. 337.

[749] Vie des Dames illustres, p. 346.

[750] Romans xvi. 11; Philip. iv. 22.

[751] Histoire de la Révocat. de l'édit. de Nantes, i. 7. Maimbourg, Hist. du Calv. p. 12.

[752] This passage is taken from a manuscript in the Bibliothèque Royale at Paris, entitled Lettres de Marguerite, reine de Navarre, and marked S. F. 337. I shall have frequent occasion to quote the manuscript, which I had great difficulty in deciphering.

[753] Ibid.

[754] Neque rex potentissime pudeat......quasi atrienses hujus ædis futuras. Bezæ Icones.—Disputationibus eorum ipse interfuit. Flor. Ræmundi Hist. de ortu hæresum, vii. 2.

[755] Maimbourg, Hist. du Calvinisme, p. 17.

[756] Marguerites de la Marguerite des princesses. Lyon. 1547, tome i. Miroir de l'âme pécheresse, p. 15. The copy I have used appears to have belonged to the Queen of Navarre herself, and some notes that it contains are said to be in her own handwriting. It is now in the possession of a friend of the author's.

[757] Ibid. pp. 18, 19.

[758] Marguerites, &c. Discord de l'esprit et de la chair, p. 73. (The translator has endeavoured to preserve the quaintness of the original, both in rhyme and rhythm).

[759] Ibid. Miroir de l'ame, p. 22.

[760] Ibid. Discord de l'esprit, p. 71.

[761] Vie des Femmes illustres, p. 33.

[762] Ibid.

[763] Vie des Femmes illustres, p. 341.

[764] Bipedum omnium nequissimus. Belcarius, xv. 435.

[765] Sismondi, Hist. des Français. xvi. 387.

[766] Mathieu, i. 16.

[767] Crévier, v. 110.

[768] Fontaine, Hist. Cathol., Paris, 1562, p. 16.

[769] Raumer, Gesch. Europ. i. 270.

[770] In uno Beda sunt tria millia monachorum. Erasm. Epp. p. 373.

[771] Talibus Atlantibus nititur Ecclesia Romana. Ibid. p. 1113.

[772] Ut ne rumusculus quidem impudicitiæ sit unquam in illum exortus. Er. Epp. p. 1278.

[773] Gaillard, Hist. de François I.

[774] Mirere benignus in egenos et amicos. Er. Epp. p. 1238.

[775] Constitutionum ac rituum ecclesiasticorum observantissimus. Ibid.

[776] Actes des Martyrs deCrespin, p. 103.

[777] Ut maxime omnium tunc metuendos crabrones in ipsis eorum cavis......Bezæ Icones.

[778] Gallia fortassis alterum esset Luterum nacta. Bezæ Icones.

[779] Hic, inquiunt, apparebit qui sint Lutheranæ factionis. Er. Epp. p. 889.

[780] Gaillard, Hist. de François I. iv. 228.

[781] It was formerly the custom in the university of Paris to classify its members into four nations: viz. France, Picardy, Normandy, and Germany.—Tr.

[782] Hist. du Calvinisme, p. 10.

[783] Vie des Hommes illustres, i. 326.

[784] Maimbourg, p. 11.

[785] Pro innumeris beneficiis, pro tantis ad studia commodis. Epist. dedicatoria Epp. Pauli.

[786] About this time (1579) a popular society, more violent in its principles, was formed among the Leaguers, and which was called the Sixteen (Seize), from the number of its directing committee, each of whom became a religious agitator in as many quarters of Paris. White's Universal History, p. 459.

[787] Ea solum doceri quæ ad cœnobium illorum ac ventrem explendum pertinerent. Acta Mart. p. 334.

[788] MS. of Meaux. I am indebted to the kindness of M. Ladevèze, pastor at Meaux, for a copy of this manuscript, which is preserved in that city.

[789] MS. of Meaux.

[790] Eis in universa diocesi sua prædicationem interdixit. Act. Mart. p. 334.

[791] Histoire Généalogique de la maison des Briçonnets, by Eug. Britonneau, published in 1621, and quoted in the Semeur of 4th May 1842.

[792] Frequentissimas de reformandis hominum moribus conciones habuit. Lannoi, Navarræ gymnasii Hist. p. 261.

[793] Ce fut la persécution qui se suscita contre eux à Paris en 1521, qui les obligea à quitter cette ville. Vie de Farel, par Choupard.

[794] John iii. 19.

[795] Guichemon, Hist. gén. de Savoie, ii. 180.

[796] Miroir de l'âme pécheresse. Marguerites de la Marguerite, i. 36.

[797] Letters of Margaret, Queen of Navarre, in the Royal Library at Paris. S. F. 337 (1521).

[798] Lettres de Marguerite, MS. S. F. 12th June 1521.

[799] MS. de Meaux.

[800] MS. S. F. 227, de la Bibl. Royale.

[801] Guichemon, Hist. de la maison de Savoie, ii. 181.

[802] Chanson spirituelle après la mort du Roi. Marguerites, i. 473.

[803] MS. Bibl. Roy. S. F. 337, dated 10th July.

[804] Ibid.

[805] All in Christ.

[806] MS. S. F. 337. Bibl. Roy.

[807] Studio veritatis aliis declarandæ inflammatus. Act. Martyrum, p. 334.

[808] MS. Bibl. Royale.

[809] Bossuet.

[810] Reges, principes, magnates omnes et subinde omnium nationum populi, ut nihil aliud cogitent......ac Christum. Fabri. Comm. in Evang. Præf.

[811] Ubivis gentium expergiscimini ad Evangelii lucem. Fabri Comm. in Evang. Præf.

[812] Verbum Dei sufficit. Ibid.

[813] Hæc est universa et sola vivifica Theologia......Christum et verbum ejus esse omnia. Ibid. in Ev. Johan. p. 271.

[814] Le Long. Biblioth. sacrée, 2d edit. p. 42.

[815] Act. des Mart. p. 182.

[816] Histoire Catholique de notre temps, par Fontaine, de l'ordre de St. François. Paris, 1562.

[817] These particulars are derived from some old and much discoloured papers, found in the church of Landouzy-la-Ville, in the department of Aisne, by M. Colany, while pastor of that place.

[818] Act. Mart. p. 182.

[819] MS. Bibl. Roy. S. F. No. 337.

[820] Hist. Catholique de Fontaine.

[821] Act. Mart. p. 182.

[822] MS. Bibl. Roy. S. F. No. 337.

[823] Par le commandement de Madame à quy il a lyvré quelque chose de la saincte Escripture qu'elle désire parfaire. Ibid.

[824] Ibid.

[825] Les Marguerites, i. 40.

[826] MS. Bibl. Roy. S. F. No. 337.

[827] Farel, Epître au Duc de Lorraine, Gen. 1634.

[828] M.S. Bibl. Roy. S. F. No. 337.

[829] Hist. Généalogique de Briçonnet, ad annum.

[830] MS. Bibl. Roy. S. F. No. 337.

[831] Qui verbum ejus hoc modo non diligunt, quo pacto hi Christiani essent. Præf. Comm. in Evang.

[832] Farel, après avoir subsisté tant qu'il put à Paris. Beza, Hist. Eccl. i. 6.

[833] In palatio sæpe versatus, quod genitor meus legationis ejus secretarius esset. Lamb. Epistola ad Galliæ Regem.

[834] Impietates et horrenda scelera tam multa et enormia. Ibid.

[835] Olim seductus et peccator. Ibid.

[836] Rationes propter quas minoritarum conversationem, habitumque rejecerit. Wittenberg, 1523.

[837] Urgebat me vehementer latens quædam vis (confido non aliena a Domini spiritu) ad sacrarum studia literarum. Exegesis in S. Johannis Apocalypsia, præf.

[838] Lambert von Avignon, by Professor Baum.

[839] Non aliter dormuisse multo tempore quam in scamno nudo sedentem. Lamb. de sacro conjugio.

[840] Donec secundum altissimi jussionem conjux factus est. Ibid.

[841] Urebar tamen etiamsi nescirent alii. Ibid.

[842] Tametsi non habeam scorta et multis modis niterer ad continentiam, nunquam pacem habui. Ibid.

[843] Vol. II. p. 381.

[844] Aliis pauculis libellis diligenter lectis. Bezæ Icones.

[845] Animosæ fidei plenus. Ibid.

[846] See Vol. II. p. 97.

[847] Cet hérétique écrivit des pancartes qu'il attacha aux portes de la grande église de Meaux (MS. de Meaux). See also Bezæ Icones; Crespin Actes des Martyrs, &c.

[848] Hist. Eccles. de Th. de Bèze, p. 4. Hist. des Martyrs de Crespin, p. 92.

[849] Actes des Martyrs, p. 183.

[850] Ibid.

[851] Impietatis etiam accusatos, tum voce, tum scriptis. Bezæ Icones.

[852] Incongrue beatam Virginem invocari pro Spiritu Sancto. Erasm. Epp. 1279.

[853] Gaillard Hist. de François I. iv. 241. Crévier, Univ. de Paris, v. 171.

[854] Hebrews vi. 4; 1 John v. 18.

[855] Ductus est in carcerem, reus hæreseos periclitatus. Erasmi Epp. 1279; Crévier; Gaillard; loc. cit.

[856] Ob hujusmodi nœnias. Erasm. Epp. 1279.

[857] At judices, ubi viderunt causam esse nullius momenti, absolverunt hominem. Ibid.

[858] Ex epistola visus est mihi vir bonus. Ibid.

[859] Sineret crabrones et suis se studiis oblectaret. Ibid.

[860] Deinde ne me involveret suæ causæ. Ibid.

[861] Ille, ut habebat quiddam cum palma commune, adversus deterrentem tollebat animos. Ibid. There is probably an allusion to Pliny's Natural History, xvi. 42.

[862] Hist. de l'Université, par Crévier, v. 203.

[863] Gaillard, Hist. de François I. v. 234.

[864] "Comme il était homme adroit, il esquiva la condemnation," says Crévier, v. 203.

[865] Cum Ignatio Loyola init amicitiam. Launoi, Navarræ gymnasti historia, p. 621.

[866] Actes des Martyrs, p. 99.

[867] Acts of the Apostles, xviii. 3, 4.—Apostoli apud Corinthios exemplum secutus. Bezæ Icones.

[868] Les chroniques de la ville de Metz. Metz, 1838.

[869] Apud Metenses mihi nonnulla Lutherana communicare dignatus sis. Amicus ad Agrippam, Epp. lib. iii. ep. 10.

[870] Lambert von Avignon, by Prof. Baum, p. 59.

[871] Chroniques de Metz, anno 1523.

[872] Ibid. p. 808.

[873] Vocatus ad cognitionem Dei. Act. Mart. p. 180.

[874] Y vient ung, se disant docteur, qui premier avait esté religieulx et à présent estait marié. Chroniques de Metz, p. 807.

[875] Ob persecutionem exul atque pauper factus; mihi per omnia placet vir. L. Epp. ii. 302.

[876] Aliquid nostri Martini consilio exordiar, vel Oseam Prophetam, vel Psalmos, vel Lucam, vel aliquid tale. Schelhorn, Amœnitates Litt. iv. 336.

[877] Veniunt passim Wittembergam Comites, Equites, Nobiles, et alii etiam e Gallia nostra ut te inclytum Ducem (the Elector) videant, et Præfectum Operum, M. Lutherum. Comment. in Oseam præf.

[878] Gallia pene omnis commota est, et absque magistro sinceros habet veritatis dilectores. Schelhorn, Amœn. iv.

[879] Si inveniatur qui imprimat non tantum Latine sed Gallice et Italice, hæc atque alia tradam. Ibid.

[880] Quod ad me ex Amburgo nuntii advenerint tractatus Gallicos postulantes; aiunt enim quod illic sit qui ea lingua elimatissimos posset cudere libros. Ibid. p. 343.

[881] Quos demum navigio in Galliam mittit. Ibid.

[882] Isaiah xliii. 16.

[883] Occupatus multis scriptis potissimum quæ pluribus in Gallia misi. Junior quippe nobilis Claudius de Tauro abiit. Ibid.

[884] Potius ad nos illinc, quam ad vos hinc, cuiquam migrandum esse. L. Epp. ad Gerbellium Strasburg, ii. 438.

[885] Nec audit meum consilium, sic occupatus suo proprio. Ibid. 437.

[886] In gravissima perplexitate. Lambert de Fidelium vocatione, cap. 22.

[887] In priore vocatione erat pax et serenitas; in alia vero multa et eadem gravissima, etiam mortis pericula erant.

[888] Nulla erat misero requies, ut quidem vixdum somnium caperet. Ibid.

[889] Oravit Dominum, ut hanc contradictionem sorte dirimeret. Ibid.

[890] Et sors cecidit super vocatione secunda. Lambert de Fidelium vocatione, cap. 22.

[891] Ut non clauderetur omnino os Deum laudare volentis. Ibid. I agree with Professor Baum in thinking that Lambert's narrative refers to this circumstance.

[892] Judges vi. 20-40.

[893] Sed mox insanavit tota Antichristi cohors, nempe canonici, monachi, inquisitor, officialis, et reliqui qui sunt ex parte eorum et me capere voluerunt. Epistola ad Franciscum regem.

[894] In manu tua sum, sic fugio quasi non fugiam. Hæc est fuga omnibus perfectissimis conveniens. De vocatione fidelium, cap. 15.

[895] Cum equitabam in arundine longa, memini sæpe audisse me a matre venturum Antichristum cum potentia magna, perditurumque eos qui essent ad Eliæ prædicationem conversi. Tossanus Farello, 4th September 1525, MS. in the conclave of Neufchatel.

[896] Ibid. 21st July 1525.

[897] Levemus interim capita nostra ad Dominum qui veniet et non tardabit. Tossanus Farello, 4th September 1525.

[898] Clarissimum illum equitem......cui multum familiaritatis et amicitiæ, cum primicerio Metensi, patruo meo. Ibid. 2d Aug. 1524.

[899] Ibid. 21st July 1525. MS. of Neufchatel.

[900] Exodus xx. 4; xxiii. 24.

[901] What many admire in verse they condemn in history.

[902] Divini spiritus afflatu impulsus. Bezæ Icones.

[903] Mane apud urbis portas deprehensus.

[904] Totam civitatem concitarunt ad auctorem ejus facinoris quærendum. Act. Mart. Lat. p. 189.

[905] Naso candentibus forcipibus abrepto, iisdemque brachio utroque ipsisque mammis crudelissime perustis. Bezæ Icones; MS. de Meaux, Crespin, &c.

[906] Altissima voce recitans. Bezæ Icones.

[907] Adversariis territis, piis magnopere confirmatis. Bezæ Icones.

[908] Nemo qui non commoveretur, attonitus. Act. Mart. Lat. p. 189.

[909] Instar aspidis serpentis aures omni surditate affectas. Ibid. p. 183.

[910] Utriusque manus digitos lamina vitrea erasit. Ibid. p. 66.

[911] Choupard MS.

[912] Farel, gentilhomme de condition, doué de bons moyens, lesquels il perdit tous pour sa religion, aussi bien que trois autres siens frères. Geneva MS.

[913] Il prêcha l'évangile publiquement avec une grande liberté. Choupard MS.

[914] Ibid.; Hist. des Evêques de Nismes, 1738.

[915] Il fut chassé, voire fort rudement, tant par l'évêque que par ceux de la ville. Choupard MS.

[916] Olim errabundus in silvis, in nemoribus, in aquis vagatus sum. Fare ad Capit. de Bucer. Basil, 25th Oct. 1526. MS. letter at Neufchatel.

[917] Non defuere cruces, persecutio, et Satanæ machinamenta. Farel Galeoto.

[918] Acts viii. 4.

[919] Nunquam in externis quievit spiritus meus. Coctus Farello MS. in the conclave of Neufchatel.

[920] Virum est genere, doctrinaque clarum, ita pietate humanitateque longe clariorem. Zw. Epp. p. 319.

[921] In a letter to Farel he subscribes himself: Filius tuus humilis. 2d September 1524.

[922] Pater cœlestis animum sic tuum ad se traxit. Zwinglius Sebvillæ, Epp. p. 320.

[923] Nitide, pure, sancteque prædicare in animum inducis. Ibid.

[924] Mon frère Annemond Coct, chevalier, au partir du pays me feist son heritier. MS. letters in the library at Neufchatel.

[925] Mire ardens in Evangelium, says Luther to Spalatin. Epp. ii. 340; Sehr brünstig in der Herrlichkeit des Evangelii, said he to the Duke of Savoy. Ibid. 401.

[926] Evangelii gratia huc profectus e Gallia. L. Epp. ii. 340.

[927] Hic Gallus eques......optimus vir est, eruditus ac pius. Ibid.

[928] Ein grosser Liebhaber der wahren Religion und Gottseligkeit. L. Epp. ii. 401.

[929] Nothing is wanting to those who fear God. Hist. Gén. de la Maison de Savoie, par Guichenon, ii. 228.

[930] Eine seltsame Gabe und hohes Kleinod unter den Fürsten. L. Epp. ii. 401.

[931] Der Glaube ist ein lebendig Ding. L. Epp. ii. 402. The Latin is wanting.

[932] Dass ein Feuer von dem Hause Sophoy ausgehe. L. Epp. ii. 406.

[933] Vult videre aulam et faciem Principis nostri. L. Epp. ii. 340.

[934] Quidquid sum, habeo, ero, habebove, ad Dei gloriam insumere mens est. Coct. Epp. MS. of Neufchatel.

[935] The French part of Switzerland, comprising the cantons of Geneva, Vaud, Neufchatel, and part of those of Friburg, Berne, and Valois.

[936] Ephes. iv. 16.

[937] Amicum semper habui a primo colloquio. Farel to Bulling. 27th May 1556.

[938] Fortasse in mediis Turcis felicius docuissem. Zw. et Ecol. Epp. p. 200.

[939] Mi Farelle, spero Dominum conservaturum amicitiam nostram immortalem; et si hic conjungi nequimus, tanto beatius alibi apud Christum erit contubernium. Ibid. p. 201.

[940] Nullum est pene convivium. Er. Epp. p. 179.

[941] Consilium quo sic extinguatur incendium Lutheranum. Ibid.

[942] Quo nihil vidi mendacius, virulentius, et seditiosius. Ibid. 798.

[943] Acidæ linguæ et vanissimus. Ibid. 2129.

[944] Scabiosos......rabiosos......nam nuper nobis misit Gallia. Er. Epp. p. 350.

[945] Non dubitem quin agantur spiritu Satanæ. Ibid.

[946] Diremi disputationem. Ibid. p. 804.

[947] Ut diceret negotiatorem quemdam Dupletum hoc dixisse. Ibid. p. 2129.

[948] Si Deus est, inquit, invocandus est. Er. Epp. p. 804.

[949] Omissa disputatione, nam imminebat nox. Ibid. p. 804. We have only Erasmus's account of this conversation; he himself informs us that Farel reported it very differently.

[950] Damit er gelehrt werde, ob er irre. Fussli Beytr. iv. 244.

[951] Aus Eingiessung des heiligen Geistes ein christlicher Mensch und Bruder. Ibid.

[952] Gulielmus Farellus Christianis lectoribus, die Martis post Reminiscere. Füssli Beytr. iv. 247. Füssli does not give the Latin text.

[953] Schedam conclusionum a Gallo illo. Zw. Epp. p. 333.

[954] Schedam conclusionum Latine apud nos disputatam. Zw. Epp. p. 333.

[955] Agunt tamen magnos interim thrasones sed in angulis lucifugæ. Ibid.

[956] Incipit tamen plebs paulatim illorum ignaviam et tyrannidem verbo Dei agnoscere. Ibid.

[957] Ad totam Sorbonicam affligendam si non et perdendam. Œcol. Luthero, Epp. p. 200.

[958] Farello nihil candidius est. Ibid.

[959] Verum ego virtutem illam admirabilem et non minus placiditate, si tempestive fuerit, necessariam. Ibid.

[960] Adeo hospitum habemus rationem, veri Sodomitæ. Zw. Epp. p. 434.

[961] Gulielmus ille qui tam probe navavit operam. Zw. et Œcol. Epp. p. 175.

[962] Le prince qui avoit cognoissance de l'Evangile. Farel, Summaire, c'est à dire, briève déclaration de G. Farel, in the concluding part.

[963] Ibid.

[964] Ibid.

[965] Etant requis et demandé du peuple et du consentement du prince. Summaire.

[966] Farel, Summaire.

[967] Avec l'invocation du nom de Dieu. Ibid.

[968] Leoninam magnanimitatem columbina modestia frangas. Epp. p. 198.

[969] See vol. I. page 2.

[970] This comparison is employed by one of Farel's friends during his stay at Montbeliard. Strenuum et oculatum imperatoram, qui iis etiam animum facias qui in acie versantur. Tossanus Farello, MS. in the conclave of Neufchatel, 2d September 1524.

[971] Tumultuatur et Burgundia nobis proxima, per Phallicum quemdam Gallum qui e Gallia profugus. Er. Epp. p. 809.

[972] Suppullulare qui omnes conatus afferant, quo possit Christi regnum quam latissime patere. Neufchatel MS., 2d August 1524.

[973] Quod in Galliis omnibus sacrosanctum Dei verbum in dies magis ac magis elucescat. Ibid.

[974] Factio crescit in dies latius, propagata in Sabaudiam, Lothoringiam, Franciam. Erasm. Epp. p. 809.

[975] De Sebville to Coct, 28th December 1524. Neufchatel MS.

[976] Elle a ung docteur de Paris appelé maître Michel, Eleymosinarius, lequel ne prêche devant elle que purement l'évangile. Neufchatel MS.

[977] Ibid.

[978] Ibid.

[979] Ibid.

[980] Arandius prêche à Mascon. Coct to Farel, December 1524, Neufchatel MS.

[981] After the taking of Macon in 1562, the governor, St. Pont, amused the dissolute women who were invited to his table, by taking several Huguenots from prison and compelling them to leap (sauter) from the bridge over the Saone into the river. It is added that he did not confine his savage cruelty to the Huguenots, but would seize other persons, untainted with heresy, and put them to the same inhuman death.

[982] Il y a eu deux grands personages à Grenoble. Neufchatel MS. The title of Messire, given to Du Blet in Coct's letter, indicates a person of rank. I am inclined to think that the epithet negotiator, elsewhere applied to him, refers to his activity; it is possible, however, that he may have been a great merchant of Lyons.

[983] Conjicere potes ut post Macretum et me in Sebvillam exarserint. Anemond to Farel, 7th September 1524. Neufchatel MS.

[984] Les Thomistes ont voulu procéder contre moi par inquisition et caption de personne. Letter from Sebville. Ibid.

[985] Si ce no fut certains amis secrets, je estois mis entre les mains des Pharisiens. Letter from Sebville, Neufchatel MS.

[986] Ibid.

[987] Non solum tepidi sed frigidi. Neufchatel MS.

[988] Tuo cognato, Amedeo Galberto exceptis. Ibid.

[989] Mais de en parler publiquement, il n'y pend que le feu. Ibid.

[990] Le samedi des Quatre-Temps. Dec. 1524. Neufchatel MS.

[991] Pour vray Maigret a prêché à Lion, maulgré les prêtres et moines. Ibid.

[992] Neufchatel MS.

[993] Histoire de François I. par Gaillard, iv. 233.

[994] Peter Toussaint to Farel, Basle, 17th December 1524. Neufchatel MS.

[995] The General Committee of the Evangelical Society of Geneva, which sends a hundred missionaries and colporteurs into France, is composed almost entirely of the descendants of French refugees.

[996] Hebrews xii. 28.

[997] Gallis verborum Dei sitientibus. Coct to Farel, 2d Sept. 1524, Neufchatel MS.

[998] Non longe abest enim, quo in portum tranquillum perveniamus, &c. Osw. Myc. to Coct. Ibid.

[999] Neufchatel MS. 21st Dec. 1525.

[1000] Ibid.

[1001] Multis jam christianis Gallis dolet, quod a Zwinglii aliorumque de Eucharistia sententia dissentiat Lutherus. Toussaint to Farel, 14th July 1525.

[1002] Quam sollicite quotidianis precibus commendem. Toussaint to Farel, 2d Sept. 1524, Neufchatel MS.

[1003] Opto enim Galliam Evangelicis voluminibus abundare. Coct to Farel, Neufchatel MS.

[1004] Ut pecuniæ aliquid ad me mittant. Ibid.

[1005] Ut præla multa erigere possimus. Ibid.

[1006] An censes inveniri posse Lugdunæ, Meldæ, aut alibi in Galliis qui nos ad hæc juvare velint. Coct to Farel, Neufchatel MS.

[1007] Vaugris to Farel, Basle, 29th August 1524. Neufchatel MS.—The value of the florin is about 1s. 9d. sterling.

[1008] Mitto tibi librum de instituendis ministris ecclesiæ cum libro de instituendis pueris. Coct to Farel, 2d September 1524. Ibid.

[1009] Neufchatel MS.

[1010] Vaugris to Farel, Neufchatel MS.

[1011] Animum autem immutare, divinum opus est. Œcol. Epp. p. 200.

[1012] A quibus si pendemus, jam a Christo defecimus. Neufchatel MS.

[1013] Der Christliche Handel zu Mümpelgard, verloffen mit gründlichen Wahrheit.

[1014] Quod Evangelistam, non tyrannicum legislatorem præstes. Œcol. Epp. p. 206.

[1015] Me in dies divexari legendis amicorum literis qui me......ab instituto remorari nituntur. Toussaint to Farel, 2d Sept. 1524, Neufchatel MS.

[1016] Jam capulo proxima. Neufchatel MS.

[1017] Literas ad me dedit plenas lacrymis quibus maledicit et uberibus quæ me lactarunt, &c. Neufchatel MS.

[1018] Visum est Œcolampadio consultum......ut a se secederem. Ibid.

[1019] Utor domo cujusdam sacrificuli. Ibid.

[1020] Ut Christi regnum quam latissime pateat. Ibid.

[1021] Qu'il s'en retourne à Metz, là ou les ennemis de Dieu s'élèvent journellement contre l'Evangile. Toussaint to Farel, 17th Dec. 1524. Ibid.

[1022] Accepi ante horam a fratre tuo epistolam quam hic nulli manifestavi, terrerentur enim infirmi. Coct to Farel, 2d Sept. 1524.

[1023] Coct to Farel, Dec. 1525, Neufchatel MS.

[1024] Ibid. Jan. 1525.

[1025] Revue du Dauphiné, ii. p. 38; Choupard MS.

[1026] M. Kirchhofer, in his Life of Farel, gives this circumstance as an uncertain tradition; but it is related by Protestant writers, and it appears to me quite in harmony with Farel's character and the fears of Œcolampadius. We must not be blind to the weaknesses of the reformers.

[1027] Ingens affectus, qui me cogit Mumpelgardum amare. Farelli Epp.

[1028] Quo Anemundi spiritum jam pervenisse speramus. Myconius to Farel, Neufchatel MS.

[1029] Hic operior donec ad ipsos Metenses aut in aliquam urbem Galliæ revoces. Ad Franc. Reg. Comment. in Cantic.

[1030] Ab hæresis et impietatis latere legatum. Epistola ad Franciscum G. R. præf. Comm. de Sacra conjugis.

[1031] Est autem in proximo ut aliena fiat a te potens Gallia quam brachium tuum appellare solebas. De Causis Excusationis, p. 76.

[1032] Epist. ad Franc. R. Præf. Comment. in Cantic. Cantic.

[1033] Les Marguerites de la Marguerite, i. 29.

[1034] Lettres inédites de la reine de Navarre, p. 170.

[1035] Lettres de la reine de Navarre à François, i. p. 27.

[1036] Plus quam scurrilibus conviciis debacchantes. Er. Francisco Reig, p. 1108.

[1037] Pro meis verbis supponit sua, prætermittit, addit. Ibid. 887.

[1038] Cum itaque cerneram tres istos......uno animo in opera meritoria conspirasse. Natalis Bedæ Apologia adversus clandestinos Lutheranos, fol. 41.

[1039] Mazurius contra occultos Lutheri discipulos declamat, ac recentis veneni celeritatem vimque denunciat. Lannoi, regii Navarræ gymnasii historia, p. 621.

[1040] Histoire de l'Université, par Crévier, v. 196.

[1041] De la religion catholique en France, par de Lezeau. MS. in the library of St. Geneviève, Paris.

[1042] The manuscript in the library of Ste. Geneviève at Paris, from which I have quoted this passage, bears the name of Lezeau, but that of Lefèbre in the catalogue.

[1043] Hist. de l'Univ. par Crévier, v. 204.

[1044] In the library of the pastors at Neufchatel there is a letter from Sebville, in which the following passage occurs: "Je te notifie que l'évêque de Meaux en Brie près Paris, cum Jacobo Fabro Stapulensi, depuis trois mois, en visitant l'évêché, ont brûlé actu toutes les images, réservé le crucifix, et sont personellement ajournés à Paris, à ce mois de Mars venant, pour répondre coram supremâ curiâ et universitate." I am inclined to believe this fact authentic, although Sebville was not on the spot, and that neither Mezeray, Daniel, nor Maimbourg allude to it. These Romanist authors, who are very brief, might have had reasons for passing it over in silence, considering the issue of the trial; and Sebville's report agrees in other respects with all the known facts. The matter is, however, doubtful.

[1045] Hist. de l'Univ. par Crévier, v. 204.

[1046] Maimbourg, Hist. du Calv. p. 14.

[1047] MS. in the Royal Library (Paris) S. F. No. 337.

[1048] Maimbourg, Hist. du Calv. p. 15.

[1049] Crucis statim oblatæ terrore perculsus. Bezæ Icones.

[1050] Dementatus. Ibid.

[1051] Ut Episcopus etiam desisteret suis consiliis effecit. Launoi, regii Navarræ gymnasii hist. p. 621.

[1052] Nisi turpi palinodia gloriam hanc omnem ipse sibi invidisset. Bezæ Icones.

[1053] Mezeray, ii. 981; Daniel, vi. 544; Moreri, art. Briçonnet.

[1054] Perpendens perniciosissinam dæmonis fallaciam.....Occurri quantum valui. Nat. Bedæ Apolog. adv. Lutheranos, fol. 42.

[1055] J. Lelong, Biblioth. sacrée, 2d partie, p. 44.

[1056] Matthew x. 14, 23.

[1057] Quod excussi sunt a facie Domini sicut pulvis ille excussus est a pedibus. Faber in Ev. Matth. p. 40.

[1058] Faber stapulensis et Gerardus Rufus, clam e Gallia profecti, Capitonem et Bucerum audierunt. Melch. Adam. Vita Capitonis, p. 90.

[1059] De omnibus doctrinæ præcipuis locis cum ipsis disseruerint. Ibid.

[1060] Missi a Margaretha, regis Francisci sorore. Ibid.

[1061] Farel à tous seigneurs, peuples, et pasteurs.

[1062] Quod et pius senex fatebatur; meque hortabatur pergerem in annuntiatione sacri evangelii. Farel to Pellican. Hotting. H. L. vi. 17.

[1063] Nam latere cupiunt et tamen pueris noti sunt. Capito to Zwingle, Epp. p. 439.

[1064] Erasmus, Epp. p. 923.

[1065] Actes des Martyrs, p. 103.

[1066] Marguerites de la Marguerite des Princesses, i. 445.

[1067] Primum jubet ut desinam scribere. Erasm. Epp. 921.

[1068] Ut totam Galliam in me concitaret. Ibid. 886.

[1069] Nisi quod Erasmus esset major hæreticus. Ibid. 915.

[1070] Quoties in conviviis, in vehiculis, in navibus. Ibid.

[1071] Hoc gravissimum Lutheri incendium, unde natum, unde huc progressum, nisi ex Beddaicis intemperiis. Er. Epp. p. 887.

[1072] Musarum vindicem adversus barbarorum incursiones. Ibid. p. 2070.

[1073] Nisi princeps ipsorum voluntati per omnia paruerit, dicetur fautor hæreticorum et destitui poterit per ecclesiam. Ibid. p. 1108.

[1074] Simulato religionis prætextu, ventris tyrannidisque suæ, negotium agentes. Er. Epp. p. 962.

[1075] Chroniques de Metz, p. 823.

[1076] Noster captas detinetur in Bundamosa quinque millibus a Metis. Œcol. to Farel, Epp. 201.

[1077] Vel vivum confessorem, vel mortuum martyrem servabit. Œcol to Farel, Epp. 201.

[1078] Nollem carissimos dominos meos Galles properare in Galliam, &c. Ibid.

[1079] Actes des Martyrs, p. 97

[1080] Ibid. p. 95.

[1081] Actes des Martyrs, recueillis par Crespin, en Français, p. 97.

[1082] Hist. de François I. par Gaillard, iv. 233.

[1083] Psalm cxxii. 1.

[1084] Eum auctorem vocationis suæ atque conservatorem, ad extremum usque spiritum recognovit. Acta Mart. p. 202.

[1085] Gerdesius, Hist. seculi xvi. renovati, p. 52; D'Argentré, Collectio judiciorum de novis erroribus, ii. 21; Gaillard, Hist. de François I. iv. 233.

[1086] Animi factum suum destestantis dolorem, sæpe declaraverit. Acta Mart. p. 203.

[1087] Puram religionis Christianæ confessionem addit. Acta Mart. p. 203.

[1088] Cette semence de Faber et de ses disciples, prise au grenier de Luther, germa dans le sot esprit d'un ermite, qui se tenait près la ville de Paris. Hist. cath. de notre temps, par S. Fontaine, Paris, 1562.

[1089] Lequel par les villages qu'il fréquentait, sous couleur de faire ses quêtes, tenait propos hérétiques. Hist. cath. de notre temps, par S. Fontaine, Paris, 1562.

[1090] Ibid.

[1091] Avec une grande cérémonie. Hist, des Egl. Réf. par Théod. de Bèze, i. 4.

[1092] Ibid.

[1093] Beza, Histoire des Églises Réf. i. 4.

[1094] Statura fuit mediocri, colore subpallido et nigricante, oculis ad mortem usque limpidis, quique ingenii sagacitatem testarentur. Bezæ Vita Calvini.

[1095] Cultu corporis neque culto neque sordido sed qui singularem modestiam deceret. Ibid.

[1096] Primo quidem quum superstitionibus Papatus magis pertinaciter addictus essem. Calv. Præf. ad Psalm.

[1097] Ego qui natura timido, molli et pusillo animo me esse fateor. Ibid.

[1098] Summam in moribus affectabat gravitatem et paucorum hominum consuetudine utebatur. Ræmundi Hist. Hæres. vii. 10.

[1099] Severus omnium in suis sodalibus censor. Bezae Vita Calv.

[1100] Annales de l'Eglise de Noyon, par Levasseur, chanoine, p. 1158.

[1101] Exculto ipsius ingenio quod ei jam tum erat acerrimum, ita profecit ut cæteris sodalibus in grammatices curriculo relictis, ad dialecticos et aliarum quas vocant artium studium promoveretur. Beza.

[1102] Levasseur, doctor of the Sorbonne, Annales de l'Eglise Cathédrale de Noyon, p. 1151. Drelincourt, Défense de Calvin, p. 193.

[1103] Erat is Gerardus non parvi judicii et concilii homo, ideoque nobilibus ejus regionis plerisque carus. Beza.

[1104] Dans la place où est bastie maintenant la maison du Cerf. Desmay, doctor of the Sorbonne, Vie de Jean Calvin, hérésiarque, p. 30. Levasseur, Ann. de Noyon, p. 1157.

[1105] The calumnies and extravagant tales about Calvin began early. J. Levasseur, afterwards dean of the canons at Noyon, relates that when Calvin's mother was in labour, "before the child was born, there came forth a swarm of large flies, an indubitable presage that he would one day be an evil speaker and a calumniator." Ann. de la Cath. de Noyon, p. 1157. These absurdities and many others of the same kind refute themselves, without our taking upon ourselves to do so. In our days, those Romish doctors who are not ashamed to employ the weapons of calumny, make a selection from these low and ridiculous stories, not daring to cite them all; but they are all equally worthless.

[1106] Domi vestræ puer educatus, iisdem tecum studiis initiatus, primam vitæ et literarum disciplinam familiæ vestræ nobilissimæ acceptam refero. Calv. Præf. in Senecam ad Claudium.

[1107] Desmay, Remarques, p. 31; Drelincourt, Défense, p. 158.

[1108] Ego qui natura subrusticus. Præf. ad Psalm.

[1109] Umbram et otium semper amavi......latebras captare. Ibid.

[1110] Le bruit est que son grand-père était tonnelier. Drelincourt, p. 30; Levasseur, Ann. de Noyon, p. 1151.

[1111] Henry, Das Leben Calvins, p. 29.

[1112] Calvin's Leben von Fischer, Leipzig, 1794. The author does not quote his authority for this fact.

[1113] Destinarat autem eum pater ab initio theologiæ studiis, quod in illa etiam tenera ætate mirum in modum religiosus esset. Bezæ Vita Calv.

[1114] Levasseur, Ann. de Noyon, pp. 1159, 1173.

[1115] Vie de Calvin, par Desmay, p. 31; Levasseur, p. 1158.

[1116] This is what the priest and the vicar-general Desmay (Jean Calvin, hérésiarque, p. 32), and the canon Levasseur (Ann. de Noyon, p. 1160), declare they found in the registers of the chapter of Noyon. Thus these Romanist authors refute the inventions or mistakes of Richelieu and other writers.

[1117] Annales de l'Eglise de Noyon, at the chapter entitled, D'un autre Jean Cauvin, chapelain, vicaire de la même église de Noyon, non hérétique, by Jacques Levasseur, canon and dean of that city.

[1118] Ibid.

[1119] Vie de Jean Calvin, par T. Desmay, imprimée à Rouen, chez Richard l'Allement, 1621.

[1120] Scandalose vivendo cum quibusdam mulieribus suspectis. Annales de l'Eglise de Noyon, p. 1171.

[1121] Præfati Domini ordinarunt ipsum cædi virgis. Ibid.

[1122] Ann. de l'Egl. de Noyon, 1162.

[1123] Ibid. 1171.

[1124] M. A. Arnauld, grandfather of the Mère Angélique, and of all the Arnaulds of Port-Royal, was a Protestant. See Port-Royal, by Sainte Beuve.

[1125] Etude littéraire sur Calvin, par M. A. Sayous, Genève, 1839, art. iv. It has been followed by others on Farel, Viret, and Beza.

[1126] Il n'y a personne qui ose m'écrire. Toussaint to Farel, 4th September 1525. Neufchatel MS.

[1127] Ibid.

[1128] Ibid. 21st July 1525.

[1129] Sane venit annus septuagesimus, et tempus appetit ut tandem vindicemur in libertatem spiritus et conscientiæ. Toussaint to Farel, 21st July 1525.

[1130] Sed novit Dominus quos elegerit. Ibid.

[1131] Si nos magistrum in terris habere deceat (if it becomes us to have any master upon earth) he adds. Ibid. Neufchatel MS.

[1132] Vereor ne aliquid monstri alat. Toussaint to Farel, 27th Sept. 1525.

[1133] Audio etiam equitem periclitari, simul et omnes qui illic Christi gloriæ favent. Ibid. 27th December 1525.

[1134] Fratres qui in collegio Cardinalis Monachi sunt te salutant. Toussaint to Farel, Neufchatel MS.

[1135] Regnante hic tyrannide commissariorum et theologorum. Ibid.

[1136] Patrem nostrum cujus nos opus sumus in Domino. Toussaint to Farel, Neufchatel MS. This letter is undated, but it would seem to have been written shortly after Toussaint's deliverance, and shows the thoughts that then filled his mind.

[1137] Faber impar est oneri evangelico ferendo. Ibid.

[1138] Fidelissimi fratris officio functum. Ibid.

[1139] Per Rufum magna operabitur Dominus. Touss. to Farel, Neuf. MS.

[1140] Commendo me vestris precibus ne succumbam in hac militia. Ibid.

[1141] Me periclitari de vita. Ibid.

[1142] Offerebantur hic mihi conditiones amplissimæ. Ibid.

[1143] Malo esurire et abjectus esse in domo Domini......Ibid.

[1144] Hæc, hæc gloria mea quod habeor hæreticus ab his quorum vitam et doctrinam video pugnare cum Christo. Ibid.

[1145] Periit Franciscus Molinus ac Dubletus. Erasm. Epp. p. 1109. In this letter, addressed to Francis I. in July 1526, Erasmus gives the names of all those who, during the king's captivity, had fallen victims to these Roman fanatics.

[1146] Periclitatus est Michael Arantius. Ibid.

[1147] Periit Papilio non sine gravi suspicione veneni. Ibid.

[1148] Gaillard, François I. vol. ii. 255.

[1149] Letters de la Reine de Navarre à François I. p. 32.

[1150] Nam habet Deus modum, quo electos suos mirabiliter custodiat, ubi omnia perdita videntur. Calvin, in Epp. ad Rom. xi. 2.

[1151] Beneficio illustrissimæ Ducis Alanconiæ. Toussaint to Farel.

[1152] Mémoires de Du Bellay, p. 124.

[1153] Histoire de France, par Garnier, tome xxiv.

[1154] Pour taster au vif la voulunté de l'esleu empereur......madame Marguerite, duchesse d'Alençon, très-notablement accompaignée de plusieurs ambassadeurs......Les gestes de Françoise de Valois, par E. Dolet, 1540.

[1155] Lettres de la reine de Navarre à François I. pp. 39, 40.

[1156] Jam in itinere erat Margarita, Francisci soror......e fossis Marianis solvens, Barcinonem primum, deinde Cæsar Augustam appulerat. Belcarius, Rerum Gallic. Comm. p. 565.