INDEX

Abailard, [195], [200], [227]

Aboubekr, [239]

Abraham, [21], [22], [26], [38]

Absolution, [191], [193]

Abyssinia, Christianity in, [165], [208], [313]

Acolythes, [53]

Acts, Book of, [6], [8], [16], [27], [29], [31], [78], [81], [167]

Adalbert, St., [217]

Adams, [301]

Adelhard, [234]

Adonis, cult of, [21], [25], [37], [38], [51], sq. [95]

Advent, mystery-play of, [188]

Æons, Gnostic, [94]

Aërius, [147]

Æsculapius, [37], [158]

Agapæ, [22], [25], [68], [84], [190]

Agni, [56]

Agnosticism, [299]

Agobard, [187], [194]

Alaric, [142]–43

Albert, Archbishop, [249]

Albigensian crusades, [181], [193], [201] sq., [211], [227]

Alcuin, [169], [232]

Alexander, [60], [109]

—— Bishop, [121]

—— III (Pope), [228]

—— Jannæus, [7]

Alexandria, [42], [79], [81], [94], [119], [126], [153], [155], [175]

Algebra, [234]

Allegory, use of, [77], [96], [210]

Alphonso of Castile, [234]

Alva, [254]

Amalrich of Bena, [196], [227]

Ambrose, [88], [135], [137], [146], [155], [156], [157], [192]

America, Jesuits in, [292], [294]

Amulets, Gnostic, [96], [97]

Amun, [24], [152], [183]

Anabaptist movement, [258]–59, [266], [268], [311]

Ananias and Sapphira, [18], [27]

Anastasius, [131]

Anatomy, [274]

Andronicus, [243]

Angels, worship of, [94], [97]

Angli, conversion of, [168]

Anglicanism, [295]

Animal-worship, [76], [150]

Anna, St., [188]

Annates, [255]

Anselm, [195]

Anthropomorphites, [183]

Anti-Christs, [19], [31], [169]

Antinomianism, [62], [68], [84], [91], [95]

Antioch, church of, [81], [104], [126], [129], [175]; siege of, [219]

—— Council of, [104]

Antipodes, doctrine of, [196]

Anti-Semitism, [19], [48], [74], [75], [93], [123], [318]

Antonines, the, [108], [158], [164]. See Marcus Aurelius

Aphroditê, [53], [54], [55]

Apocalypse, [16], [23], [27], [29], [53], [74], [76], [78], [91], [107]

Apocrypha, the Christian, [11], [38]

Apollinaris, heresy of, [148] sq.

Apollo, [7], [10], [33], [37], [56], [60], [102]

Apollonius of Tyana, [30], [73], [156]

Apollos, [77]

Apostles, myth of twelve, [2], [16]–19, [28], [30], [48]; the real, [17], [70], [82]

—— Jewish, [16]–17, [70]

—— Creed, [178]

Apostolical Constitutions, [178]

Apostolici, [200], [201]

Apotheosis, [60], [109]

Aquinas, Thomas, [188], [196], [217]

Arab myths, [38]

Arabia, Christianity in, [82], [146]

Arabic science, [233] sq.

Arbogastes, [139]

Arcadius, [142]

Archipresbyters, [166]

Architecture, Christian, [162], [236], [237]

Ardeshir, [133]

Aries, constellation of, [51]

Aristotle, on slavery, [61]

—— study of, [196], [227], [233], [235]

Arithmetic, introduction of, [233]

Arius and Arianism, [118], [120]–23, [126], [135], [136], [142] sq., [145], [174]

Armenia, conversion of, [127]; reconquest of, [239]

—— Nestorians in, [47], [147]; heresy in, [198]–99

Arminianism, [268]

Arnobius, [86]

Arnold of Brescia, [200]

—— of Cliteaux, [202]

—— Matthew, [290], [300]

Arrius Antoninus, [110]

Art and religion, [33], [59], [75], [96], [101], [162], [187], [209], [236] sq., [308]

Ascetic ideals, [23], [38], [46], [50], [54], [56], [61], [63], [68], [84], [89]–90, [93], [99], [100], [123], [129], [138], [156], [184] sq., [200], [206], [209], [309], [311]

Ashtaroth and Mary, [146]

Asses, the two mythic, [37]

Assyrian religion, [53], [69]

Astrology, [234], [279]

Astronomical myths, [23], [37], [58], [59]; science, [196], [233]

Astruc, [289]

Athanasius and Athanasianism, [121]–22, [126], [134], [135], [143], [145], [151]

Atheism, [107], [275]

Athenagoras, [34]

Athens, ancient religion in, [44], [45], [53], [106], [156]; modern, [307]

Attis, [7], [21], [25], [32], [37], [38], [51] sq., [175]

Audæans, [185]

Augsburg, Confession of, [259], [266]; Peace of, [259]

Augurs, [137]

Augustine, St., [96], [136], [140], [146], [147], [154], [156], [157], [167], [186], [187], [189], [192]

—— the lesser, [164], [165], [168], [176]

Augustus, [60], [109], [215]

Aurelian, [104], [114]

Austria, religion in, [260], [262], [296], [303]

Autocrator, the, [93]

Averroës and Averroism, [196], [203], [230], [234]

Avignon, [272]

Aztecs, [89]

Babe-God, [37], [55], [57]

Babylonian religion, [16], [37], [38], [59], [69]

Bacchanalia, Christian, [156]

Bacchus, [22], [32], [37], [55], [56], [138]. See Dionysos

Bacon, Roger, [229], [234]

—— Francis, [273], [275], [279], [280], [281]

Bale, [267]

Balfour, [286], [291]

Balkan War, [313]

Bangor, massacre at, [168]

Banquets, religious, [20]–26, [43]. See Eucharist

Baptism, [3], [26], [36], [49], [63], [101], [106], [120], [168], [198], [225]

Barabbas, [38]

Barbarism, Christianity and, [161], [165], [169] sq.

Bardesanes, [93], [98]

Barnabas, epistle of, [3]

Barneveldt, [268]

Bartholomew, Massacre of St., [257], [311]

Basil, [156], [161], [175]

—— the monk, [243]

Basilides, [93], [94]

Baths, pagan and Christian, [163]

Bavaria, religion in, [262]

Beaton, Cardinal, [253]

Beghards and Beguins, [203], [212], [226], [246]

Belgium, religion in, [295]

Belisarius, [143], [144]

Benedict, St., [167]

—— II (Pope), [176]

Benedictines, [207], [208]

Berengar, [195]

Berkeley, [284], [286]

Berlin, [299]

Bernard, St., [220], [227]

Berne, [298]

Bethlehem birth-myth, [9], [38], [80]

Beziers, sack of, [202]

Bible, use of in early Church, [30], [72], [75], [132]; translations of, [284]; influence of, [266], [268]–69, [270], [273], [274]

—— the “Rainbow,” [300]

Biblical criticism, [286] sq.

Bibliolatry, [270]

Biology, [282]

Bishops, [45], [70], [71], [87], [88], [90], [117], [120], [155], [167], [178], [181], [182], [192]–93, [206], [210]; and papacy, [178]–79, [182]; and feudal powers, [178]

Björnson, [299]

Black Death, the, [222], [229]

Black Madonnas, [185]

Blood covenant, [20]

Bloodshed, Christian, [173]

Bodin, [270], [279], [281]

Boers, [313]

Boethius, [158], [232]

Bogomilians, [199], [201], [243]

Bohemia, conversion of, [171]; slavery in, [217]; heresy in, [246]; Protestantism in, [257], [260]; reversion of, [257], [261]–62

Bohemond, [219]

Boleslavs, the two, [171]

Bonaventura, St., [187]

Bonaventure des Periers, [274]

Boniface, [168], [169], [196]

—— III(Pope), [176]

Books, destruction of, [231]

Bossuet, [292]

Bougre, the name, [199]

Boyle, [281]

Bradlaugh, [301]

Bradley, [283]

Brahmanism, [132]

“Branch, the,” [7]–8

Brazil, religion in, [296]

Bread and wine, rite of, [22], [25]

Brethren of the Lord, [18]

——of the Common Lot, [203], [247], [248]

——of the Free Spirit, [204], [245]

Britain, ancient, Christianity in, [82], [112], [165], [168], [176]

Bruno, Giordano, [275], [278], [283]

——St., [208]

Büchner, [285]

Buddha and Buddhism, [2], [7], [15], [50], [132]

Bulgaria, Turkish conquest of, [173]; heresy in, [199], [313]

Bull-symbol, [59]

Butler, [284]

Byblos, [53]

Byzantium, [150], [159], [160], [163], [208], [216], [218], [220], [232], [235], [236] sq., [238] sq., [318]

Calendar, the ecclesiastical, [138]

Calvin and Calvinism, [213], [249], [251], [253], [256], [257], [260], [262], [265] sq., [268], [270]

Campanus, [234]

Cannibalism, religious, [25], [189]

Canon, formation of, [98]

Canons, regular, [167]

Canute. See Knut

Capital and labour, [321]

Capricorn, [37] Caputiati, [200]

Cardinals, powers of, [179]

Carlstadt, [258]

Carpocrates, [95]

Carthage, church of, [84], [90], [116], [123], [126], [154]

Cassiodorus, [232]

Caste, in Byzantium, [160]

Catechumens, [96], [102] Cathari, [199]

Cathedrals, [166], [167]

Catholicism, latter-day, [265]–66, [268], [274], [283], [285], [292] sq., [311], [318]

Cave-birth-myth, [37]

Celibacy, doctrine of, [63], [89]–90, [122], [155], [166], [180], [206], [209]

Celsus, [11], [85]

Cephas, [18]. See Peter

Cerdo, [93], [98]

Ceres, [22], [55]. See Dêmêtêr

Cetewayo, [173]

Chalcedon, Council of, [149], [175]

“Chapters,” powers of, [179], [181]

Charlemagne, [127], [169] sq., [176], [177], [232]

Charles Martel, [176]

——the Bald, [194]

——the Fat, [177]

——V, [251], [252], [255], [256]

Charron, [283]

Chartreuse, monks of, [208]

Chateaubriand, [288]

Chaucer, [204]

Chazari, [199]

Chemistry, rise of, [233]

Child-eating, charge of, [25]–26

Child-God, the, [28], [37], [55], [57]

Children’s crusades, [221]

China, ethics in, [61]; life of, [160]; Christianity in, [292] sq. Chorepiscopi, [134], [166] Chrēstos, the name, [31], [33]–35

Christ, the name, [92]; the myth, [28] sq., [34], [36] sq., [78], [96]; the doctrine, [39], [78], [91], [98], [102], [120], [148] sq., [152], [266]

Christian III of Denmark, [253]

——IV of Denmark, [261]

——of Anhalt, [260]

Christians, the first, [2]–10, [22], [28] sq., [48], [63], [67] sq., [72] sq., [81] sq.

Christmas, [37], [55]

Chrysostom, [155], [161]

Church, origin of Christian, [45], [48], [75] sq., [81] sq.; State establishment of, [114] sq., [133] sq.; early endowments of, [70], [116], [117], [135], [169]; organization of, [166], [170], [172], [174] sq.; expansion of, [165] sq.; slave-holding by, [216]

Churches, early use of, [101]

Cicero, [286], [291]

Circumcelliones, [135]

Circumcision, [23], [26], [49]

Circus, at Constantinople, [159]

Civilization, Christianity and, [208]. See Decadence

Claudian, [157]

Claudius, Bishop, [187], [194]

Clement of Alexandria, [77], [85], [96]

——of Rome, [54], [73], [74]

——III (antipope), [180]

——VII (Pope), [251], [252] Clementines, the, [29]

Clergy, early Christian, [83], [85], [116] sq., [119], [126], [166] sq.; celibacy of, [89]–90, [180], [204], [205] sq.; secular and regular, [167]; ignorance of, [205] sq.; influence of, [205], [209]; misconduct of, [205] sq.; modern Greek, [304] sq.; Russian, [308]

Clifford, [299]

Clovis, [144]

Cœlestius, [147]

Colenso, [289], [291]

Coleridge, [103], [284]

Collins, Anthony, [287]

Collyridians, [146]

Columbus, [277]

Communism, Christian, [27], [167], [212]

Comte, [295]

Concord, ideal of, [63] sq.

Concubinage, priestly, [90], [205]–206

Condorcet, [282]

Confession, sacerdotal, [71], [166], [191], [209]

Constance, Council of, [246]

Constans, [121], [124], [125]

——II, [151]

Constantine, [113] sq., [127], [151], [214], [215]

——II, [124], [151]

——VI, [176]

——Copronymus, [198]

——the Paulician, [198]

Constantinople, ancient church of, [116], [118], [126], [175]; Council of, [149]; life of, [159], [238] sq.; patriarch of, [120], [174], [175]; fall of, [220], [235], [243]

Constantius, [115], [124]–26, [128]

——Chlorus, [112]–14, [128]

Conversion of barbarians, [168] sq.

Copernicus, [265], [277], [278] Corinthians, Epistles to, [4], [16], [20], [32], [49], [68]

Corybantic mysteries, [56]

Cosmas Indicopleustes, [158]

Cossacks, creed of, [263]

Councils, church, [70], [90], [91], [104], [118], [120]–21, [126], [182]

Counsellor Gods, the Babylonian, [16]

Cow, the sacred, [37]

Creeds, use of, [75], [101], [151]

Crete, Moslem conquest of, [244]; reconquest of, [244]

Crime, Christianity and, [312]

Crimean War, [309]

Crispus, [117]

Cromwell, [287]

Cross-symbol, [27]–28, [32], [35], [57], [58], [79], [101]–102

Crucifix, the, [27], [185]

Crucifixion, mystic, [27], [32] sq., [57]

——mythic, [15], [57]

Cruelty, Christian and pagan, [64], [108], [154], [155], [156], [161], [171], [172], [173], [181]–82, [198], [209], [210], [218], [219], [231], [239], [256], [311]

Crusades, [182], [193], [199], [200], [218] sq., [311]

Culture-conditions, Græco-Roman, [41] sq.; medieval, [197] sq., [205] sq., [225], [235]

Cumberland, [283]

Cybelê, [52], [53], [76]

Cyprian, [86], [90], [91], [109], [174]

Cyril, [155]

D’Alembert, [282]

Damasus, Pope, [134]–35, [174]

Dancers, sect of, [226]

Daniel, myth of, [38]

Dante, [235]

Darwinism, [282], [299]

David, [38]

—— of Dinant, [196]

Deacons, [70], [83]

Death-rate, medieval, [225]

Decadence, ancient, promoted by Christianity, [85], [86], [110], [119], [126], [128], [134], [136]–37, [140], [142], [146], [150], [152], [154], [159], [160] sq., [173], [208]; medieval, [228], [238]; modern, [262]

Decius, [108]

Decretals, the forged, [178], [179], [180]–82

Deism, [195], [275], [277], [282], [286] sq., [301]

Delambre, [282]

Dêmêtêr, [7], [55], [56], [76] Demiourgos, the, [98]

Democracy, fanatical, [276], [277]

Denmark, conversion of, [170]

Deogratius, [154]

Descartes, [280], [281], [283]

Devil, belief in, [187], [224], [225]

D’Holbach, [282] Diabolos, [19]

Diderot, [282]

Diocletian, [108], [111]–14

Dionysius the Areopagite, [241]

Dionysos, cult of, [14], [15], [21], [22], [26], [32], [37], [38], [44], [51], [55] sq., [102], [106], [138]

Disciples. See Apostles

Divination, [117], [134]

Docetists, [123], [198]

Dogma, formation of, [120] sq., [144], [146] sq., [154]

Dolcino, Fra, [200]

Dominicans, [188], [228], [229], [246]

Domitian, [108], [109]

Donatists, [118], [123], [134], [143]

Doomsday, doctrine of, [26], [39], [63], [72], [78], [107], [111], [179]

Dositheus, [36]

Dostoyevsky, [308]

Dove-symbol, [29]

Drama, Greek, [13], [33], [42]

——in Jewry, [74]

Dreyfus case, [318]

Druids, [25], [183]

Drummond, H., [291]

Dukhobortsi, [309]

Dunbar, [274] Dynamis, [94]

Earthquakes and religion, [161]

Easter, [24] sq., [59], [90]

Ebionites, [5]–9, [29] Ecclesia, the, [45]

Ecclesiasticus, Book of, [22]

Eckhart, [212]

Economic causation, [28], [47], [69] sq., [78], [80], [86], [88], [117], [126], [132], [134], [135], [139], [140], [168], [189], [197], [216], [217], [220], [222], [249] sq., [265], [271], [296]

Education, pagan and Christian, [158], [183]; in fifteenth century, [248]; Jesuit methods of, [276]; modern Catholic, [296]

Egypt, ancient cults of, [18], [27], [62], [69], [77], [79], [92], [94], [152] (see Isis and Osiris); Christianity in, [81], [108], [138], [150], [161], [165]; art in, [237]; Gnosticism in, [93] sq.; Moslem conquest of, [150] Ektroma, [4]

El, [21], [22], [29], [38]

Elcesaites, [36], [91]

Elders. See Presbyters

Eleusinian mysteries, [26], [45], [55], [134], [143]

Elijah and Elisha, [38]

Elizabeth of England, [253], [273]

Elvira, Council of, [186]

Elymas, [29]

Emerson, [301]

Emperors, worship of, [60], [109]

Encyclopædia Biblica, [289]

End of world, doctrine of. See Doomsday

England, Christianity in, [168]; heresy in medieval, [203], [229]; slave-trading in, [216]; Protestantism in, [252] sq., [264] sq., [268], [273], [295]; Catholicism in, [295]; rationalism in, [281], [282], [283] sq., [286] sq., [299] sq. Ennoia, [94]

Ephesus, Council of, [148], [149]

Epictetus, [85], [86], [130], [211]

Epicureanism, [45], [128], [280]

Epiphanius, [186], [187]

Erasmus, [248], [271]

Erigena. See John the Scot

Essenes, [8], [49]–51

Establishment, Church, [112], [114] sq., [127] Eternal Gospel, The, [203]

Ethics, Christian and pagan, [41] sq., [60] sq., [68], [71], [84], [89], [155], [156], [193], [204], [218] sq., [228], [239], [257], [284], [310] sq.

Eucharist, [2], [12], [20]–26, [36], [44], [101], [102], [190]; doctrine of, [189] sq., [194], [225], [266]

Euclid, [234]

Eudo of Stello, [200]

Eugenius, [136]

Eusebius, [83], [108], [111], [113], [117]

Eustathius, [241]

Eutyches, heresy of, [149] sq.

Evangelists, [70]

Evil spirits, belief in, [83], [84], [101], [102], [184]

Exarchs, [120]

Exorcism, Christian, [72], [83], [101], [102], [158] Ezekiel, Book of, [27]

Fanaticism, [54], [55], [63], [69], [83], [84], [98], [104], [107], [110], [126], [135], [139], [155], [160], [211], [213], [221], [229], [257], [265], [277]

Faraday, [316]

Fausta, [118]

Fénelon, [292]

Ferdinand and Isabella, [230]

Ferdinand I, [260], [272]

Ferrer, [295]

Feudalism, Christianity and, [213] sq., [250]

Feuerbach, [210], [284]

Fichte, [284] Filioque clause, [152]–53

Finance, early Christian, [27], [70] sq., [87], [104], [116], [126], [140]; modern, [317], [321]. See Papacy

Finlay, cited, [242], [244], [303], [304] sq.

Finns, conversion of, [172]

Fish, the divine, [59]

Flagellants, [226]

Florence, religion at, [195], [212]–13

Food-doles, ancient, [71], [126], [179]

Forgery, Christian, [5], [51], [73], [77], [78], [88], [117] sq.

Fourth Gospel, the, [11], [29], [31], [39], [78], [79]–80, [91]

Fox, George, [277]

France, heresy in, [194]–95, [229]; Reformation in, [255] sq.; decline of Protestantism in, [255], [263], [302]; rationalism in, [271], [277], [278], [282], [287], [294], [295], [302]. See Gaul

Francis I, [255], [256]

—— St., of Assisi, [203], [207], [211]

—— St., of Sales, [211]

Franciscans, [188], [203], [246], [276]

Franklin, [301]

Franks, religion of the, [144], [194] Fraticelli, [203], [246]

Frauds, early Christian, [5], [73], [78], [88]; medieval, [177]–78, [315]

Frederick Barbarossa, [200]

—— II, [234]

—— of Saxony, [251], [258]

—— Elector Palatine, [260]

Freemasonry, [237]

French Revolution, reaction against, [282], [288], [297]; effect of in Greece, [306]; bloodshed in, [311]

Friars, preaching and begging, [181], [203], [207]

“Friends of God,” [212]

Future state, doctrine of, [27] Galatians, Epistle to the, [18], [32]

Galerius, [111]–15

“Galileans,” [9]

Galileo, [276], [277], [279], [280], [317] Galli, [53]

Gallus, [124], [126]

Gardens of Adonis, [53]

Gassendi, [280], [281], [282]

Gaul, Christianity in, [82], [112], [144], [155]–56, [176]

Geneva, religion in, [213], [249], [266], [297]

Geniuses, worship of, [76], [109]

Gentile Christism, [28] sq., [65]

Geology, [282]

Gerbert, [218], [233]

Gerhard of Cambrai, [201]

Germany, conversion of, [169]; and the papacy, [180]; heresy in, [248]; Protestantism in, [248] sq., [274]; philosophy in, [248] sq.; rationalism in, [282]–84, [288], [291], [298], [299]

Gerson, [188]

Gibbon, [109], [287]

Gilbert, [280]

Gladiatorial games, [156]

Glanvil, [281] Glossolalia, [54], [87]

Gnosticism, [30], [40], [48], [54], [64], [76], [77], [78], [79], [84], [91] sq., [98]

Goat-God, the, [37]

Goch, John of, [247]

Godfrey of Bouillon, [219]

Goethe, [271]

Goliards, [201]

Gorky, [308]

Gospels, date of, [3], [10]; composition of, [39], [65], [73] sq., [78], [79], [96], [98], [99]; criticism of, [289]

Goths, religion of, [142] sq.

——and Vandals, [162]

Gottschalk the Wend, [171]

——the monk, [194], [197]

Gratian, [135]–36, [139], [215]

——the monk, [180]

Greece, priesthoods of pagan, [69]; life of Christian, [238] sq., [303] sq., [318]

Greek influence on Christianity, [31], [51], [61], [64], [70]

——life and culture (ancient), [41] sq., [48], [51] sq., [69], [70], [163], [313]; medieval, [283] sq.; modern, [303] sq.

——and Latin schism, [153], [240], [244], [309]

Gregory Thaumaturgus, [89]

——of Nazianzun, [127], [129]

——the Great (Pope), [158], [159], [161], [163], [164], [165], [175], [185], [186], [190], [192], [225], [232]

Gregory II (Pope), [176]

——IV (Pope), [177]

——VII (Pope), [179]–80

——IX (Pope), [203], [228]

——XI (Pope), [182]

Grisons, the, [264]

Grotius, [268]

Guelphs and Ghibelines, [217]

Guizot, [288]

Gustavus Adolphus, [261]

——Vasa, [254]

Hades, descent into, [56]; idea of, see Hell

Hadrian, [35], [93], [108], [163] Hagioi, [9]

Halley, [281]

Haroun Alraschid, [177]

Harpocrates, [57]

Harrison, Miss, [55] n., [56] n.

Harvey, [280]

Heaven, doctrine of, [27]

Hebrews, early beliefs of, [20] sq., [26], [27], [32], [37], [40], [58]

Hegel, [283], [284]

Helena, [184]

Hell, doctrine of, [63], [98], [154], [210], [225]

Hellenistic religion, [31]

Henri IV, [257]

Henry III (emperor), [179]

——IV (emperor), [179]–80

——the monk, [200]

——V of England, [204]

——VIII of England, [252], [258], [269]

Heraclius, [150], [151], [155], [163], [168], [242]

Herbert of Cherbury, [286]–87

Hercules (Herakles), [2], [21], [22], [56], [102]

Heresy, ancient, [91] sq., [102] sq., [118], [119], [120] sq., [145], [146] sq.; medieval, [197] sq.; rationalistic, [194] sq., [275]; anti-clerical, [197] sq., [201] sq., [245]

Hermas, the Pastor of, [35]

Hermes, [33], [37], [38], [56], [79]

Herod, [28]

Heroes, worship of, Greek, [33], [76], [137]

Hierapolis, Goddess of, [54] Hilaria, the, [53]

Hildebrand, [179]–80, [181], [195]

Hillel, [47]

Hincmar, [194]

Hindus, [42]

Hobbes, [283], [287]

Holland, religion in, [203]; art in, [189], [236]; Protestantism in, [254], [268], [274]; rationalism in, [277], [298], [299]

Holy Ghost, doctrine of, [35], [37], [99], [123], [152]

——Roman Empire, [176], [183]

Holy Spirit, Gospel of the, [203]

Holy water, [185]

Homoousian dispute, [120] sq.

Honorius, [142], [143], [156]

Hooker, [267], [273]

Horus, [37], [38], [56] sq., [94], [185]

Host, the, [190]

Huet, [286]

Huguenots, the, [256], [263]

Hume, [284], [287], [297]

Hungary, conversion of, [171]

Huss, [246] sq., [251]

Huxley, [283], [299]

Hypatia, [155], [161]

Iacchos, [55]

Ibsen, [13], [299]

Iconoclasts, the, [176], [186] sq., [239] sq.

Icons, [163], [186], [236], [308]

Idolatry, early Christian aversion to, [75], [84], [107], [125], [185]; later Christian practice of, [75], [101], [125], [163], [177], [184] sq., [241]

Ignatius, Epistles of, [3], [4], [5]; character of, [83] Imitatio Christi, the, [86], [211], [212]

Immaculate Conception, [188]

Immortality, doctrine of, [27], [35], [49], [57], [58], [59], [62], [196]

Imperialism, Roman, [41], [86], [110], [119], [127], [139], [140], [160], [183]; modern, [204], [242] Impostors, The Three, [234]

Incarnation, [38]

"Incorruptibilist" controversy, [153] Index Expurgatorius, [275]

India, religions of, [42], [56], [61]; Christianity in, [292] sq.

Indulgences, doctrine of, [182], [192]; traffic in, [193], [249] sq.

Infant damnation, doctrine of, [63], [146]

Infallibility, Papal, [183], [296]

Ingersoll, [301]

Innocent III (Pope), [181], [193], [202], [220], [228]

Innocents, massacre of, [38], [60]

Inquisition, the, [210], [227] sq., [256], [269], [275], [294], [311]

Inspiration, [40], [64], [73], [79], [85], [96], [289]

Ion, [37]

Ireland, Christianization of, [165], [168], [232]; slavery in, [216]; decivilization of, [262], [264], [295]; Catholicism in, [264], [294], [304]

Irene, [176]

Irrationalism, [285]–86

Isaac, [21], [23], [26]

Isidorean decretals, the, [178]–82

—— Encyclopædia, [232]

Isis, cult of, [33], [37], [56], [57], [76], [106], [185]

Islam. See Mohammedanism

Italy under Christianity, [160], [165], [177], [186], [229], [235] sq., [248], [251], [270], [294]; rationalism in, [189], [268], [275], [295]

Jacob, [21]

Jacobites, sect of, [149] James, Epistle of, [18]

James, W., [285]

James V of Scotland, [253]

—— I of England, [260], [261], [270], [271]

—— II of England, [264]

Jansenists, [280]

Janus, myth of, [18]

Japan, Christianity in, [292] sq.; progress of, [320]

Jasion, [56]

Jefferson, [300]

Jehovah, [22], [54], [77], [123]

Jerome, [140], [146], [154], [155], [160]

—— of Prague, [247]

Jerusalem, Jesuist life in, [27]; patriarchate of, [175], [177]; capture of by the Crusaders, [218] sq.; Christians at, [300], [309]

Jeschu, [23]

Jesseans, [8]

Jesuits, in Poland, [263], [276]; success of, [276], [292] sq.; decline of, [293]–94

Jesus, mythic personality of, [3], [5]–15, [17], [20], [21], [28], [33] sq., [36] sq., [40], [59], [76], [77], [92], [93], [94], [100]–10, [122], [145], [148], [290]

—— and Jesuism, [5], [6]–15, [17], [102] sq., [151] sq. See Christ

—— the high-priest, [7]

—— Ben Pandira, [7], [11]

Jews, variant beliefs of, [5], [47], [49] sq.; poverty of, [7]; after fall of Temple, [14]; mysteries of, [14], [20]–24; and Christians, [28] sq., [38], [39], [46] sq., [62], [65], [68], [69], [79], [107], [218], [219], [227], [230], [310]; persecutions of by Christians, [155], [161], [168], [173]; as slave-dealers, [216]; as usurers, [227]; in Turkey, [305]

Joachim of Flora, [203]

John, the disciple, [63] John, Gospel of, [11], [29], [31], [39], [78], [79]–80

—— Epistles of, [19], [92] n.

John the Baptist, [26], [28], [48]

—— VIII (Pope), [177]

—— the Scot, [194]–95, [196], [210], [232], [241]

—— of Parma, [203]

Joseph, Jewish myth of, [19], [38]

—— father of Jesus, cult of, [188]

Joshua, [6], [7]–8, [12], [20]

Joule, [316]

Jovian, [133]

Jovinian, [146]

Judaism, [5]–10, [16], [20] sq., [28], [46] sq., [49] sq., [79]

Judas, [19], [25], [28]

——the Galilean, [50] Jude, Epistle of, [8]

Judge of the Dead, the, [57] Judges, Book of, [2]

Julian, [124]–26, [127] sq.

——Bishop, [176]

Julius Cæsar, [109], [127], [164]

Jumpers, sect of, [309]

Jupiter, [37]

Justinian, [143], [150], [158], [159], [163], [205], [215], [216]; code of, [215], [232]

——II, [239]

Justin Martyr, [3], [74], [81], [85], [93], [102]

Juvenal, [62], [185]

Kant, [282], [283], [284]

Kelvin, [316]

Kepler, [277], [282]

Keys of heaven and hell, [58]

Khlysti, [309]

Khonsu, [152], [183]

Kid, sacrament of, [44]

Kidd, B., [286], [291]

“Kingdom of God,” [28], [39]

Knights Templars, [207], [221], [222]–23

——Teutonic order of, [172]

Knox, John, [253]

Knut, [170]

Koran, [79], [122]

Korybas, [56] Kriobolium, [59]

Krishna, [2], [15], [22]

Kronos, [21] Labarum, the, [115]

Lagrange, [282]

Lalande, [282]

Lamb, symbol and sacrament of, [22] sq., [26], [59], [76], [147]

La Mettrie, [282]

Languedoc, heresy in, [181], [193], [201] sq., [228]

Laplace, [282] Lares and Penates, [43]–44

Las Casas, [173]

Laski, John, [266]–67

Last Supper. See Eucharist

Laud, [268]

Laurentius Valla, [248]

Law, Christian and pagan, [150], [156], [160], [169], [214], [232]

Lecky, [300]

Leibnitz, [282]

Leo I (Pope), [154], [175], [190], [191]

——IX (Pope), [178]

——X (Pope), [249], [251], [271]

——the Isaurian, [186]–87, [198], [239]

Leo the Armenian, [198], [240]

Lepers, [263]

Lessevich, W., [19] n.

Liber and Libera, [55], [56]

Licinius, [114]–18

Lithuania, paganism of, [172]

Liturgies, early, [57]

Lituus, the, [137]

Livonia, Christianity in, [172]

Livy, [106]

Locke, [284] Logos, doctrine of, [34], [38], [79], [94], [102], [104]

Lollardism, [203]–204, [246]

Lombards, the, [144], [176]

Lord’s Day, the, [58], [68]

——Prayer, the, [62]

Louis, son of Charlemagne, [177], [241]

——St., [212], [220]

——XII, [256]

——XIV, [263]

Love feasts. See Agapæ

Lübeck, paganism of, [172]

Lucian, [86]

Lucretius, [127] Luke, Gospel of, [31], [62], [74]

Luther and Lutheranism, [212], [247], [249], [250], [253], [257] sq., [265] sq., [270], [271], [326]–28, [330], [335]–37, [342]

Lycurgus, [65]

Lyndsay, [274]

Macarius, [194]

Macedonius, [126], [151]

Macrobius, [130], [157]

Magic, early Christian, [50], [85], [101], [184], [189]

Magnentius, [124]

Maia, [38]

Manger-basket, the, [37], [55]

Manichæism, [1], [55], [75], [97], [101], [123] sq., [136], [143], [144], [145], [156], [191], [192], [197], [201], [209], [228]. See Paulicians

Mansfeld, [261]

Manuel Comnenus, [243]

Marcian, [131]

Marcion and Marcionism, [97] sq., [144]

Marcus Aurelius, [86], [108], [127], [211] Mark, Gospel of, [4]

Mamas, [21]

Marsyas, [37]

Martianus Capella, [232]

Martin of Tours, [137]

Martyrs, [31], [83], [110]; spurious, [76], [89], [137]; heretical, [126]

Mary, myth and cult of, [12], [37], [76], [146], [148], [152], [185], [187], [209], [225]

——Queen of England, [252]

——Queen of Scotland, [253]

——Regent of Scotland, [253]

Mass, the, [25], [44], [190], [192]

Massacres, Christian, [126], [134], [153], [154], [168], [169], [172], [173], [180], [198], [201]–202, [218], [219], [227], [256], [257], [269], [311]

Materialism, [285]

Maternus, [124]

Mathematics, Arab, [233]–34 Matthew, Gospel of, [4], [5]

Matthew of Cracow, [246]

Matthias, [260]

Maurice, the Emperor, [150]

Maxentius, [113]–15

Maximian, [111]–15

Maximilian, [260]

Maximilla and Priscilla, [99]

Maximin, [113]–15

Maximinus, [108]

Maximus, [136]

Mazarin, [263]

Mazdeism, [38], [50], [58], [94], [123], [132], [191], [198]

Mediator, the, [38], [77]

Medicine, ancient and modern, [102], [158]

Melanchthon, [266], [267], [279]

Melchizedek, [22] Memra, [79]

Menander, [34]

Mendicants, religious, [7], [70], [207]

Meredith, [300]

Messiah, doctrine of, [2], [8], [9], [12], [21], [31], [37], [47], [48], [60]

Mexicans, religion of early, [25], [61], [89]; slaughter of, [173], [311]

Michael the Drunkard, [240]

—— the Stammerer, [241]

Middleton, [287]

Midnight worship, [68], [107], [112], [125]

Mill, J. S., [310]

Millennium, doctrine of, [97], [179]

Milman, cited, [164]

Miracles, [11], [30], [36], [73], [88], [184], [186], [187], [190], [199], [224], [225], [287], [290]

Miriam, [12]

Missionaries, Catholic, [292] sq.; Protestant, [302]

Mithra and Mithraism, [7], [18], [21], [22], [23], [36], [37], [38], [51], [57] sq., [69], [79], [82], [107], [123], [133], [138], [175]

Mitres, [137]

Moawyah, Caliph, [239]

Mohammedanism, rise of, [1], [150], [161], [162], [165]; influence of, [161], [162], [216], [239]; Christian converts to, [244], [303], [305]

Moleschott, [285]

Molokani, [309]

Monarchy, Christianity and, [146], [168] sq., [213], [217]

Monasticism, [51], [122], [160]–61, [167], [206] sq.

Mongols, tolerance of, [173]

Monophysite heresy, [144], [148], [149], [150], [151], [153], [165]

Monotheism, pagan, [128], [137]; and science, [315]

Monothelite heresy, [151], [152]

Montaigne, [271], [275], [283]

Montanus and Montanism, [67], [97] sq., [112], [123], [144]

Moors, persecution of, [173], [193], [229], [230]

More, [267]

Morone, [272]

Moses, [2], [8], [38]

Mosheim, [137], [210]

Mother-Goddesses, [37], [52] sq., [57], [59], [76], [148], [152], [185]

Müller of Königsberg, [234]

Münzer, [258]

Myrrha, [52]

Mystæ, [33], [52], [53]

Mysteries, Jewish, [20], [21]

—— pagan, [20], [21], [23], [26], [33], [55] sq., [188]

—— Christian, [12]–14, [19], [28], [32], [67], [72]

Mystery-play, the primary, [12]–14, [19], [28], [73], [87]–88

Myth in history and religion, [1]–2, [15], [40]

—— and ritual, [24]

Nantes, Edict of, [257]; revoked, [264]

Naples, Catholicism in, [294]

Narses, [144], [153]

Nativity, mystery-play of, [76]

Nazara or Nazareth, [6]–10

Nazarites and Nazarenes, [6]–10, [47], [148]

Neo-Platonism, [111], [130], [291]

Nero, [31], [107], [109]

Nestorians, [47], [132], [144], [148], [150], [151], [165]

Nestorius, [148] sq., [162]

Netherlands, [254]–55. See Holland Netzer, [6], [7]

New Jerusalem, the, [27]

Newman, Cardinal, [188], [295]

New Testament, criticism of, [289], [290]

Newton, [281]

Nicæa, Council of, [120]–21, [149]

Nicene Creed, [97]

Nicephorus I, [198], [239]

Nicholas I (Pope), [178]

—— II (Pope), [179]

—— IV (Pope), [221] Nicodemus, Gospel of, [14]

Nicolaus of Autricuria, [196]

—— of Cusa, [196]

Nicolitaines, [91]

Nocturnal assemblies, [68], [107], [112], [125]

Noëtus, [103]

Nominalism, [195], [246]

Nous, [94]

Novatian and Novatians, [90], [148]

Nuremberg, torture at, [210]

Oblations, [71]

Occam, [229]

Old Testament, analysis of, [2]; early Christian use of, [30], [46], [48], [65], [72], [75]

Olympius, [143]

“Only-begotten Son,” [21], [23], [38], [152]

Onuphrius, St., [138]

Origen, [11], [63], [85], [96], [150], [152], [154], [156], [161], [192]

Orpheus and Orphic cults, [33], [56]

Osiris and Osirianism, [2], [10], [14], [19], [27], [32], [35], [37], [56] sq., [95]

Otho, St., [172]

Oxford movement, 367 Pagani, [82]

Paganism, ethics of, [15], [60] sq.; sacraments and mysteries of, [20] sq., [27], [51] sq.; theology of, [21], [27], [62], [77], [137]; relation of to Christianity, [25], [33], [36] sq., [51] sq., [60] sq., [67] sq., [75] sq., [78] sq., [85], [89], [107], [140]; disestablishment of, [117], [125], [136], [139], [140]; persecution of, [124], [136], [137], [139], [169], [170]; persistence of, [120], [138], [141], [143], [165], [170]

Paine, [288], [301]

Palestine, medieval, [218] sq.

Paley, [284]

Pan, [37]

Paneas, statue at, [184]

Pantheism, [210], 354

Pantocrator, the, [93]

“Papa,” [52], [175]

Papacy, growth of, [81], [90], [138], [168], [174] sq., [177],182; disorders of, [178] sq., [180]; hostility to, [177], [180], [181], [182], [189]; strength of, [181], [182]; revenues of, [181], [182], [220], [229], [255]; attitude of to Protestantism, [250], [252]; incapable of economic reform, [271]–72; present position of, 366

Papias, [83]

Paraclete, the, [99], [123]

Paraguay, Jesuits in, [294]

“Parasites,” [44]

Paris, university of, [196]; freethought in, [295]

——Council of, [177]

——Parliament of, [256] Pasagini, [200]

Pascal, [286], [292]

Paschal controversy, [24] sq.

Paschasius Radbert, [194]

Passion-play. See Mystery-play

Passover, the, [7], [22], [23], [24]

Pasteur, [316] Pastor, the, of Hermas, [35]

Pastors, early Christian, [70] Paterini, [201]

Patriarchates, the five, [120], [174], [175] Patripassians, [103]

Paul, [2], [3], [4], [28], [29], [61], [64], [70], [81], [92]; and Jesus, [4], [11], [24], [32], [92], [102]

——of Samosata, [104], [114], [120], [147]

——III (Pope), [265]

——IV (Pope), [256]

Paulicians, the, [181], [198], [199], [201], [203], [239], [242]

Pauline epistles, [2]–5, [10], [11], [16], [20], [27], [31], [32], [34], [49], [61], [62], [73], [78], [82], [95], [211], [214]

——theology, [62], [63]

Paulinus, [157], [160]

Peasants’ War, [258], [267]

Pecock, [267]

Pelagius and Pelagianism, [146]–47

Pentateuch, [3]; influence of, [269]; criticism of, [289]

Pepin, [176]

Persecutions of Christians, [31], [83], [106] sq., [173], [293]; of pagans, [24] sq., [135]–37, [138], [139], [168]–73; of heretics, [119], [121], [135], [144], [146] sq., [194] sq., [197] sq., [202], [204], [226], [246], [256], [263], [269]; by Protestants, [269]

Persephonê, [55], [56]

Persia, religion of, [19], [75], [79]; Christianity in, [82], [132], [148], [162]

"Persons" of Trinity, [103]

Peru, religion of, [110]; conquest of, [173], [311]

Peter, myth of, [18], [28], [29], [30], [58], [138], [174]

——Waldus, [201]

——the Hermit, [218], [220] Peter, Gospel of, [19]

——Epistles of, [18]

Petra, [18]

Petrarch, [248]

Petrobrussians, [200]

Pharisees, [6], [47]

Philip II, [232], [254]

——the Fair, [223]

——of Hesse, [258]

Philo, [39], [61], [78], [96]

Philosophy, cosmic, [77], [78] sq.; Greek, [60] sq., [78] sq., [85], [158]; modern, [195], [282], [283] sq.

Phocas, [155], [176]

Phœnician religion, [21], [22], [25], [38], [69]

Photinus, [135]

Photius, [240]–41 Phronesis, [94]

Phrygia, cults of, [51]–53, [56], [99]

Pierce, C. S., [285]

Pietism, [298]

Pilate, [28]

Plato and Platonism, [39], [79], [95], [96], [291]

Pliny junior, [108]

Plotinus, [85], [291]

Plutarch, [85]

Poland, conversion of, [171]; Reformation in, [257], [268]; recaptured by Rome, [262] sq.

Political causation, [41], [63]

Polycarp, epistles of, [3]; character of, [83]

Polygamy, [162]

Polytheism, Christian, [138], [141], [151], [162], [185], [187]

Pomeranians, conversion of, [172]

Pompey, [57] Pontifex Maximus, Christian emperors as, [116], [118], [125], [135]

Poor, religious movements of, [5]–7, [38], [43], [45]; in Christian Church, [71], [83]

Pope, the name, [175]

Porphyry, [85]

Portugal, rationalism in, [295]

Poseidon, [37]

Positivism, [295]

Poverty, ancient and modern, [71]–72, [312] —— Christianity and, [162], [207], [312]

Praetextatus, [135]

Pragmatism, [285]

Praxeas, [103], [147]

Prayer, ethic of, [62]

Prayers for the dead, [72], [147]

Preaching, rise of, [70], [87]

Predestinarianism, [146], [197], [257]

Presbyterianism, [264], [268], [272], [296]–97

Presbyters, [16], [45], [70], [71], [83], [87], [90], [120]

—— the twenty-four, [16]

Priesthood, Christian, morals of, [85], [89]; growth of, [87] sq.; avarice of, [116], [126], [134], [155], [167], [181]

Priesthoods, ancient wealth of, [69]

Priestley, [287]

Priscillian, [136], [145]

Progress, Christianity and, [159], [238], [320]. See Decadence

Propaganda, Catholic College of, [292], [296]

Prophets, Christian, [70], [76], [87]

Proselytes, Jewish, [20], [34]

Proserpine, [55], [56]

Protestantism, effects of, on civilization, [265] sq.; later position of, [296] sq.

Protestants, name, [259]; movement, [245] sq.; sects of, [266], [277]; missions of, [302]

Provence, heresy in, [201]–202

Prudentius, [157]

Prussia, [299]

Psalms, the, [290]

Psyche, myth of, [33]

“Publicans and sinners,” [38], [45], [65]

Pulci, [196]

Purgatory, [124], [192], [197], [225]

Puritanism, [269]

Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism, [27], [50]

Quadrivium, [232]

Quakers, [99], [277], [313]

Queen of Heaven, the, [57], [76]

Rabelais, [274]

Race, theory of, [254]

Ram-symbol, [59]

Ranke, [271]

Rationalism, pagan, [130]; modern, rise and growth of, [194] sq., [275] sq., [279] sq.

Ratramnus, [194]–95, [225]

Raymond of Toulouse, [201] sq.

Readers, [83]

Realism, [246]

Reformation, the, [193], [245] sq.; political results of, [257] sq.; intellectual results of, [265] sq.

Regiomontanus, [234]

Relics, adoration of, [88]–89, [164], [185], [186], [192], [225]

Religion, conditions of evolution of, [40], [42] sq., [49], [67], [69], [100]

Remi, St., [233]

Renaissance, the, [182], [196], [224], [234]

Renan, [289]

Resurrection, myth and doctrine of, [36], [38], [52], [53], [93], [97]

Reuchlin, [248] Revelation, Book of, [16], [23], [27], [31]

Rhadagast, [142]

Rhea-Cybelê, [76]

Rhetoric, pagan and Christian, [156]

Richard I, [222]

Richelieu, [261], [263]

Rimini, Council of, [126]

Ritual, growth of, [84], [87], [101] sq., [137], [163], [184] sq.

Robert Guiscard, [180]

Rock, the Mithraic, [58]

—— tomb, the, [36], [58], [60]

Roman Empire, [41] sq., [46], [51], [60], [69], [106], [113]–14, [166]; spread of Christianity in, [81]

Rome, pagan cults of, [43], [52], [55]–56, [57]; pagan priesthoods of, [43], [69]; early church of, [81], [83], [174]; life of, under Christianity, [164], [178]; sack of, [251]; aspects of, under Papacy, [271] sq.

—— Church of, [81], [90]

Romuald, St., [226]

Roscellinus, [195]

Royal Society, [281] Ruach, the Hebrew, [152]

Russia, conversion of, [171]; influence of in Greece, [306] sq.; religion in, [307] sq.

Sabazios, cult of, [56]

Sabellius and Sabellianism, [103], [120], [147]

Sacæa, the, [38]

Sacerdotalism, Christian, [166], [189]

Sacraments, pagan, [20] sq., [25], [32], [44], [55]; the four Christian, [192]; rejection of, [199], [200]

Sacrifices, [20] sq., [47], [52], [53]

Sadducees, [6], [49]

Sagarelli, [200]

Saint-Simon, [295]

Saints successors of Gods, [138]

—— worship of, [185]–86, [187], [234]

Saladin, [222]

Salvation Army, [300]

Salvian, [155]

Samaritan religion, [6], [8], [27], [29], [92]

—— elements in Christianity, [6], [8], [29], [37], [39], [92], [95], [152]

Samothracian Gods, [33]

Samson, [12], [29]

Saracens, science of, [159]; arts of, [162]; influence of on Europe, [186]–87, [196], [199], [201], [221], [229], [232], [233], [315]. See Moors and Mohammedanism

Sarpi, [292]

Sassanides, the, [133]

Satan, [92], [98]

Saturn, [21]

Saturninus, [92], [93]

Saviour-Gods, [10], [12], [29], [31], [51] sq., [57], [60], [77], [102]

Savonarola, [212]

Saxons, conversion of, [169] sq.

Scandinavia, conversion of, [170] sq.; Protestantism in, [253] sq., [274]; rationalism in, [298], [299]

Scepticism, ancient, [106]

Schiller, Mr., [285]

Scholarship, promoted by Church in Renaissance, [235]; later revival of, [248] sq.

Schools, pagan and Christian, [158], [183], [248]

Science, Greek, [41], [42], [118], [158], [232]; revival of, [196]–97, [233] sq., [276], [278]; and religion, [183], [279], [282], [315] sq.

Scot, Reginald, [270]

Scotland, Reformation in, [253], [264], [268], [270], [274], [296]

Scribes and Pharisees, [49], [88]

“Seal of God,” [27]

Sectarianism, Christian, [76], [100], [104], [111], [118], [122], [141], [144], [150], [153], [161], [260], [264], [266], [277], [309]

Secular clergy, rise of, [167]

Selenus, Bishop, [186]

Semelê, [55]

Semitic religion, [11]–12, [15], [16], [54], [61], [152]

Semo, [29]

Senate, the Roman, [41]

Seneca, [61], [214]

Septuagint, [48], [72]

Sepulchre, the Holy, [219], [306], [309]

Serapis, [35], [57], [106]

Sergius, [198]

Sermon on the Mount, [7], [15], [65]

Servetus, [103], [268], [274]

Servia, conversion of, [171]

Seven, banquet of, [36]

—— angels, [92]

—— liberal arts, [232]

Seventy-two apostles, myth of, [17]

Severus, [107]

Shaftesbury, [283], [284]

Shakespeare, [13], [275]

Shepherd, the Good, [33]

Shew-bread, [22]

Siam, Jesuits in, [292]–93

Sibylline books, [88]

Sicily, heresy in, [197]; Moslem conquest of, [244]

Sigismund III, [262]–63

Silenus, [37]

Simon, a God-name, [18], [29]

Simon de Montfort, [202]

—— Magus, [29], [36], [92]

—— Richard, [287]

Simony, [167], [181]

Simplicius, [156]

Sixtus V (Pope), [271]

Skoptsi, [309]

Slavery, [50], [61], [117], [156], [162], [163], [214] sq., [218], [221], [222], [239], [308]

Slaves, in early cults, [44], [45], [68]; in Christian Church, [68], [83], [117], [214] sq., [218], [221]

Slavs, conversion of, [171], [173]; invasion of Byzantium by, [241]

Smith, Adam, [284], [297]

Socialism, [229], [321]

Socinus and Socinianism, [268]

Sociology, [317]

“Son of God,” [21], [35], [36]

Sons, sacrifices of, [21], [23], [38] Sophia, [39], [94]

Sophists, [70]

Sorbonne, the, [256]

Sorcery, [225], [227]

South African War, [313]

Spain, religion in, [144], [145], [146], [161], [173], [176], [187], [294]; inquisition in, [229] sq.; ruin of, [230]; rationalism in, [295], [319]

Spencer, [284], [299]

Spinoza, [194], [283], [284], [287]

Spires, Diets of, [259]

Spirit, the Holy, [35], [37], [99], [123], [152]

Stable-birth myth, [37]

Stephen, the boy crusader, [221]

—— of Hungary, [172]

Stercoranism, [225]

Stilicho, [142]–43

Stoicism, [61], [64], [70], [129], [131], [212], [215]

Storch, [258]

Strauss, [289], [298]

Stundists, [309]

Suetonius, [31]

Suidas, [241]

Sulpicius Severus, [31]

Sun-day, [58], [120]

Sun-myth, [12], [23], [56]

Sun-worship, [50]

Superstition, Christian, [84], [101]–102, [161], [224] sq., [269] sq.

Supper, Holy. See Eucharist

Sweden, Reformation in, [254]

Switzerland, Reformation in, [252], [262], [264], [266], [274], [296]–98

Sword, Order of the, [172]

Sylvanus, [198]

Sylvester II (Pope), [218], [233]

Symbols, sacrificial, [23] sq., [190]

Synods, [70], [91]

Synoptic Gospels, [11]

Syria, cults of, [53], [54]; Gnostics in, [92]

Tabitha and Talitha, [30]

Tacitus, [31]

Tammuz, [53]. See Adonis

Tanquelin, [200]

Tatian, [93] Tau, the Hebrew, [27]

Tauler, [212] Taurobolium, [59]

Tax-gatherers, [65] Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, [17], [19], [48], [65], [66]

Templars, the Knights, [207], [221]–23

Temple, destruction of, [5]

Teresa, St., [188]

Tertullian, [64], [68], [81], [84], [85], [99], [100], [107], [110]

Tetrads, Gnostic, [94]

Tetzel, [249] sq.

Teutonic Knights, [172] Theandrios, [22]

Themistius, [133]

Theodora, [153]

—— (mother of Michael), [240]

Theodoric, [144], [174]

Theodorus of Mopsuestia, [147]

Theodosius the Great, [135] sq., [138], [139], [142], [144], [145], [154], [155], [175], [185]

Theodosius II, [158]

Theodotus, [103], [104]

Theologians, hatred of, [267] Theologos, the, [87]

Theophilus of Antioch, [34]

Theosophies, ancient, [30]

Thirty Years’ War, [260] sq., [298]

Thomas Aquinas, [188], [196], [217]

—— à Kempis, [211]

Thoth, [38], [79]

Thrace, heresy in, [198]

Thucydides, [159]

Tiberius, [109]

Tilly, [260], [262]

Tiridates, [127]

Titans, the, [55]

Tithes, [169], [177], [192]

Toledo, Council of, [152]

Toleration, ideal of, [106], [124], [133], [143], [154], [173], [239]

Tolstoy, [308]

Tombs, sacred, [76]

Torquemada, [230]

Torture, use of, [64], [108], [126], [210], [231]

Tourguénief, [308] Traditores, [112]

Trajan, [108], [164]

Transubstantiation, [189], [194], [224], [266]

Transylvania, Prince of, [261]

Trent, Council of, [272]

Triads, Egyptian, [122]

Tribonian, [150]

Trinity, doctrine of, [17], [97], [102] sq., [122] sq., [135], [181], [188], [195], [284]

Trivium, [232]

Truce of God, [193]

Turks, the, [173], [217], [259], [303] sq., [313]

Twelve apostles, myth of, [2], [16]–19, [28]

Typhon, [19], [56]

Ulphilas, [142]

Uncleanliness, pious, [206]

Underworld, Gods of, [33], [56], [57]

Unitarianism, [54], [102], [104], [195], [268], [275], [277], [281], [287], [290], [301], [313]. See Arianism

United States, religion in, [264], [295], [300]–301, [317]

Universities, rise of, [248]

Urania, [54]

Urban II (Pope), [217]

Usury, papal, [181]; Jewish, [227]

Utilitarianism, Christian, [310], [317]

Utopia, [322]

Valens, [134], [135], [154], [185]

Valentinian, [133]–34, [139], [154]

—— II, [136], [139]

Valentinus, [94]

Valerian, [108], [109]

Valla, [248]

Vandals, the, [143]

Van Manen, [5], n.

Vaudois, the, [201], [256]

Vedas, [79], [122]

Vegetation, symbol of, [7]–8; Gods of, [52] sq., [56]

Venice, [220]

Vergilius, the priest, [196]

Verona, Council of, [228]

Vesalius, [274]

Vespasian, [110]

Vico, [292]

Victor of Rome, [90]

Victory, Goddess of, [115], [135], [139]

Vienne and Lyons, churches of, [108]

Vigilantius, [146]

Vikings, [170]

Virgil, [60], [235]

Virgin-mother myth, [37], [52], [76], [225], [290]

Visigoths, religion of, [143], [161]

Vladimir, [171]

Voltaire, [282], [287], [320]

Vulgate, the, [10]

Wafer, the consecrated, [25], [190], [191]

Waldenses, [201], [256]

Wallenstein, [261], [262]

War, Christianity and, [118]–27, [204], [258] sq., [267], [309], [313]. See Crusades

Washington, [300]

Water in sacrament, [23]

Wazon of Liège, [201]

Wells, sacred, [16]

Wends, conversion of, [171]

Wesel, John of, [246], [249]

Wessel, John, [246], [249]

Westphalia, Peace of, [261]–62

Whittaker, T., [5] n.

Wiclif, [203], [204], [248]

Widow’s son, myth of, [38]

Widows in early Church, [71]

Wier, John, [270]

William of Occam, [229]

Wisdom, personification of, [39], [79], [94]

Witchcraft mania, [224]–47, [269] sq., [311]

Women and Christianity, [45], [71], [76], [83], [206], [209], [212], [269], [296]

Word, the, [79]. See Logos

Xavier, [293]

Yahweh, [54], [77], [123]

Yeschu, [23]

Yischak, [23]

York, early Christians at, [82]

Zacharias, Pope, [176]

Zara, capture of, [220] Zechariah, Book of, [7]

Zeller, [298]

Zendavesta, [58]

Zeno, the emperor, [149]

Zenobia, [104]

Zeus, [37], [56], [102], [187]

Zoa, the four, [76]

Zoroaster, [2]

Zulus, conquest of, [173]

Zurich, [251], [264], [298]

Zwingli, [251], [264], [266]

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