FOOTNOTES:
[429] Decadence. (Henry Sidgwick Memorial Lecture.) By the Right Hon. A.J. Balfour, 1908, p. 8.
[430] See above, pp. 23-24. On the whole question see the very full survey of W.R. Patterson, The Nemesis of Nations, 1907, p. 265 sq.
[431] Gibbon's generalisation (end of ch. 10) as to a "diminution of the human species" throughout the Empire is confessedly founded on very imperfect evidence, applying only to Alexandria, and very doubtful even at that point.
[432] History, vol. v (The Provinces). Cp. Merivale, General History, p. 682.
[433] See Gibbon, ch. 31, end. On Gibbon's and Guizot's interpretation of the scheme, see Prof. Bury's note on Gibbon, in loc.
[434] Lectures and Essays, 1870: Lecture on "Roman Imperialism," p. 54.
[435] Ch. 10, end.
[436] Essay cited, p. 56.
[437] Prof. Bury (note to Gibbon in his ed. i, 281) cites the debased silver coinage as a proof of the "distress of the Empire" and the "bankruptcy of the Government." This is an unwarranted inference. See above, p. 80.
[438] Cp. Gibbon, ch. 13, Bohn ed. i, 427-28; Merivale, General History, pp. 572-74. Bagaudae seem to have recruited the army of Julian. (Ed. note on Gibbon, as cited, ii, 474.)
[439] Seeley, as cited, p. 57.
[440] Ferrero, Greatness and Decline of Rome, Eng. tr. 1907, vol. i, pref.
[441] Cp. Patterson, Nemesis of Nations, as cited.
[442] Ancient and Modern Imperialism, 1910, pp. 37-38, 73-91.
[443] Id. p. 91.
[444] Ancient and Modern Imperialism, pp. 19-20.
[445] Id. p. 22.
[446] Compare Lord Cromer's mention (p. 32) of the doubt as to whether the Himalayas made a secure frontier.
[447] Ancient and Modern Imperialism, p. 14.
[448] Id. pp. 43, 65-68.
[449] Id. p. 62.
[450] Id. p. 22.
[451] Ancient and Modern Imperialism, p. 26, citing Mommsen.
[452] Id. p. 118.
[453] Id. p. 126.
[454] Mr. Balfour, using this egregious expression in his lecture on Decadence (p. 35), explains that "the 'East' is a term most loosely used. It does not here include China and Japan, and does include parts of Africa." At the same time it does not refer to the ancient Jews and Phœnicians. One is moved to ask, Does it include the Turks and the Persians? If not, in view of all the other exceptions, might it not be well to drop the "unchanging" altogether?