FOOTNOTES:
[ [232] The word used by people in Hokkaido for the main island, Hondo or Honshu (Hon, main; do or shu, land), is Naichi (interior).
[ [233] From Aomori on the mainland to Hakodate in Hokkaido is a 50-miles sea trip. Then comes a long night journey to Sapporo, during which one passes between two active volcanoes. The sea trip is 50 miles because a large part of the route taken by the steamer is through Aomori Bay. The nearest part of Hokkaido to the mainland is a little less than the distance between Dover and Calais.
[ [234] Foreigners sometimes confound Yezo (Hokkaido) with Yedo, the old name for Tokyo.
[ [235] A sixth of Hokkaido still belongs to the Imperial Household. In 1918 it decided to sell forest and other land (parts of Japan not stated) to the value of 100 million yen. In 1917 the Imperial estates were estimated at 18¾ million chō of forest and 22¼ million chō of "plains," that is tracts which are not timbered nor cultivated nor built on.
[ [236] In 1919 it was 2,137,700.
[ [237] Considerations of space compel the holding over of a chapter on the Ainu for another volume.
[ [238] Of the 96 foreign instructors in institutions "under the direct control" of the Tokyo Department of Education in 1917-18, there were 27 British, 22 German, 19 American and 12 French.
[ [239] Hokkaido is one of five Imperial universities. There are in addition several well-known private universities.
[ [240] Grouse are also to be found in Hokkaido, but no pheasants and no monkeys. The deep Tsugaru Strait marks an ancient geological division between Hokkaido and the mainland.
[ [241] It is sometimes eaten, ground to a rough meal, with rice. The argument is that maize is two thirds the price of rice and more easily digested.
[ [242] See [Appendix XXXVII].
[ [243] The latest figures for Hokkaido show only a tenth.
[ [244] For farmers' incomes, see [Appendix XIII].
[ [245] For sizes of farms, see [Appendix LXIV].
[ [246] For a tenant's contract, see [Appendix LXV].