Across the sub-Arctics of Canada

by J. W. Tyrrell

J. W. TYRRELL.

(In Eskimo costume.)

ACROSS THE SUB-ARCTICS
OF CANADA

A JOURNEY OF 3,200 MILES BY CANOE
AND SNOWSHOE THROUGH THE
BARREN LANDS

BY
J. W. TYRRELL, C.E., D.L.S.

INCLUDING A LIST OF PLANTS COLLECTED ON THE EXPEDITION,
A VOCABULARY OF ESKIMO WORDS, A ROUTE MAP
AND FULL CLASSIFIED INDEX

With Illustrations from Photographs taken on the
Journey, and from Drawings by
ARTHUR HEMING

NEW YORK:
DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY.
1898

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER		PAGE
I.	Toronto to Athabasca Landing	[7]
II.	Down the Athabasca	[19]
III.	Running the Rapids	[36]
IV.	Chippewyan to Black Lake	[49]
V.	Into the Unknown Wilderness	[70]
VI.	The Home of the Reindeer	[80]
VII.	A Great Frozen Lake	[90]
VIII.	On the Lower Telzoa	[102]
IX.	Meeting with Natives	[114]
X.	The Eskimos	[127]
XI.	Customs of the Eskimos	[147]
XII.	Down to the Sea	[172]
XIII.	Adventures by Land and Sea	[181]
XIV.	Polar Bears	[189]
XV.	Life or Death?	[199]
XVI.	Fort Churchill	[210]
XVII.	On Snowshoes and Dog-Sleds	[219]
XVIII.	Crossing the Nelson	[229]
XIX.	Through the Forest and Home Again	[240]
APPENDIX
I.	Plants Collected on the Expedition	[251]
II.	Eskimo Vocabulary of Words and Phrases	[273]

ILLUSTRATIONS.

	PAGE
J. W. Tyrrell	[Frontispiece]
J. Burr Tyrrell	[8]
Our Canoemen	[11]
Hudson’s Bay Company’s Traders	[13]
A Hudson’s Bay Company’s Interpreter	[15]
A Pioneer of the North	[16]
Indians of the Canadian North-West	[18]
Trooper, N.-W. Mounted Police, in Winter Uniform	[26]
Landing of Scows above Grand Rapid	[29]
Grand Rapid, Athabasca River	[31]
English-Chippewyan Half-Breed	[32]
Neck Developed by the Tump-Line	[35]
Shooting the Mountain Rapid, Athabasca River	[40]
Store, Fort McMurray	[41]
Chippewyan Camp	[42]
Starving Cree Camp, Fort McMurray	[44]
A Dandy of the North. A Voyageur	[46]
An English-Cree Trapper	[48]
Fort Chippewyan	[50]
Steamer “Grahame”	[52]
Landing on North Shore, Lake Athabasca	[56]
A Typical Northland Father	[59]
Indian Log House	[64]
Cataract, Stone River	[65]
A Difficult Portage	[67]
Indian Rafts Loaded with Venison	[69]
A. R. C. Selwyn, C.M.G., F.R.S.	[74]
Scotch-Cree Half-Breed	[79]
Telzoa River	[82]
Rapids, Telzoa River	[83]
Herd of Reindeer	[85]
Ice on the Shore of Markham Lake	[91]
Tobaunt Lake	[94]
French-Cree Half-Breed	[101]
Rapids on the Lower Telzoa	[103]
Musk Oxen	[104]
Eskimo “Topick,” Telzoa River	[106]
Eskimo Hunters	[121]
Group of Eskimos	[122]
Icelandic Settler	[125]
An Eskimo. Eskimo Woman	[126]
Half-Breed Hunter with Wooden Snow-Goggles	[134]
Section Through Igloe	[136]
Eskimo Kyack	[141]
Eskimo Oomiack	[142]
Dog-Whip, Walrus Tusks and Bows and Arrows	[146]
Harpoons, Lances and Spears	[154]
Eskimo Games and Toys	[163]
Half-Breed Boy	[180]
Blackfoot Boy	[188]
Encounter With Polar Bears	[196]
The Last of Our Provisions	[199]
French Salteaux Girl	[209]
Rev. Joseph Lofthouse and Family	[212]
Ruins of Fort Prince of Wales	[216]
Ice-Block Grounded at Low Tide	[218]
N.-W. M. P. “Off Duty”	[228]
Half-Breed Dog-Driver	[229]
Hudson’s Bay Company’s Store, York Factory	[238]
Red-Deer Cow-Boy	[239]
Dog-Train and Carryall	[240]
Cree Hunter’s Prize	[250]

Route of the Tyrrell Expedition of 1893 through Northern Canada