The Organism as a Whole, from a Physicochemical Viewpoint

by Jacques Loeb

INDEX

Abraxas, [203], [238], [241]
Acquired characters, inheritance of, [337] ff.
Actinia equina, [361]
Adaptation, [12], [318] ff.;
to life in caves, [319] ff.;
fresh and salt water, [327] ff.;
poisons, [332] ff.;
temperature, [334] ff.;
caused by hormones, [342]
Addison, W. H. F., [188]
Agglutination, of corpuscles by sera, [67] ff.;
of sperm, [78], [82] ff.
Allolobophora terrestris, [46]
Alpheus, [176]
Alytes obstetricans, [337], [338]
Amanita phalloides, [63]
Amblystoma, [157], [368]
Amelung, [184]
Amphipyra, [283]
Analogies between living and dead matter, [14] ff.
Anaphylaxis reaction, [61] ff.
Ancel, [158], [225] ff.
Antagonistic salt action. See Balanced salt solutions.
Antennularia antennina, [194], [196]
Apes, blood relationship to man, [54], [56] ff.
Apolant, [45]
Arbacia, [75] ff., [96], [99], [101], [111], [114], [150], [190] ff., [293] ff., [298], [299], [364]
Arenicola, [277]
Armstrong, E. F., [26], [28], [354]
Arrhenius, S., [33] ff., [88], [290], [296]
Arrhenoidy, [218], [225]
Artificial parthenogenesis, [95] ff.;
in sea urchins, [95] ff.;
new method of, [98], [99];
by blood, [101] ff.;
by sperm extract, [103];
by acids, [105];
by mechanical agitation, [107];
in starfish, [110];
rôle of hypertonic solution, [112], [115], [116];
and oxidation, [116], [117], [118];
and permeability, [119] ff.;
in frogs, [124];
and determination of sex, [125]
Artificial production of life, [38]–[39]
Assimilation of CO₂ without chlorophyll, [17] ff.
Asterias, [49], [81], [110], [363];
ochracea, [73] ff.;
capitata, [74]
Asterina, [75], [81], [110]
Astrospheres, [115] ff., [192]
Auer, J., [315]
Autolysis, [351] ff.
Avena, [263]
B. coli communis, [36];
typhosus, [36];
fluorescens, [334]
Bacteria, growth of, [15] ff., [29], [71] ff.;
specificity in, [41] ff.
“Bacterio-purpurin,” 41
Balanced salt solutions, [307]–[317];
theory of, [317];
and adaptation, [331] ff.
Balanus, [259]
Baltzer, F., [215] ff.
Bancroft, F. W., [70], [125], [127], [264], [269] ff.
Bang, [63]
Bardeen, C. R., [174] ff.
Barnacle, larvæ of, [313] ff.
Bataillon, [124]
Bateson, W., [230], [240] ff., [338], [348]
Batrachia, [338]
Baur, E., [48], [246]
Bayliss, [63]
Becquerel, P., [36] ff.
Beggiatoa, [19]
Beijerinck, M., [20]
Berkeley, Lord, [111]
Bernard, Claude, [2] ff., [26], [159], [350], [354], [355], [358]
Berthelot, [290]
Bertrand, G., [248] ff.
Beutner, R., [140]
Bichat, [2], [349]
Bickford, E. E., [169]
Blaauw, H. A., [263]
Blackman, F. F., [302]
Blastomeres, [141] ff.
Blind animals, [319] ff.
Blood, transfusion of, [53] ff.
Blood relationship, established by transfusion, [53], [54] ff.;
precipitin reaction, [55] ff.;
anaphylaxis reaction, [61] ff.;
hemoglobin crystals, [64] ff.
Blood serum, precipitin reaction of, [54] ff.;
effect of, on unfertilized eggs, [101] ff., [124]
Blowfly, heliotropism of larvæ of, [265] ff.
Bohn, G., [253], [264], [269]
Bombinator igneus, [46]
Bonellia, [215]
Bonnet, [154], [161]
Bordet, [54] ff., [60]
Bouin, [158], [225] ff.
Boveri, Th., [8], [126], [128] ff., [134], [138] ff., [150] ff., [186] ff., [209] ff., [246]
Brachystola, [199]
Bradley, H. C., [27], [64], [353], [354]
Brandt, [366]
Braus, H., [147]
Bridges, C. B., [208], [229], [231] ff.
Brown, A. P., [64] ff.
Bruchmann, H., [93]
Bryophyllum calycinum, [153], [160] ff., [177]
Buchner, [24]
Budgett, [358]
Buller, [93]
Bunsen-Roscoe, law of, [11], [256] ff., [261], [263], [264]
Burrows, [31]
Campanularia, [178], [181]
Cannon, W. B., [285]
Carcinus mænas, [217]
Cardamine pratensis, [90]
Carrel, [31]
Cassia bicapsularis, [37]
Castle, W. E., [89] ff., [335]
Caullery, M., [158], [180], [217]
Cave animals, [319] ff.
Cell division, [15], [29], [129] ff.;
suppression of, [113] ff.
Cells, nutritive media of, [15] ff;
immortality of, [30] ff.;
migrating, [44];
mesenchyme, [51] ff., [130] ff., [147], [155] ff.
Cerianthus membranaceus, [171] ff., [188], [361]
Chætopterus, [78] ff.
Chamberlain, M. M., [293], [297]
Chapman, H. G., [60]
Chemotropism of spermatozoa, [92] ff.
Chevreul, [289]
Child, C. M., [7], [170], [177], [358]
Chlamydomonas, [277]
Chodat, R., [248]
Chologaster, [320]
Christen, [288]
Chromosomes, rôle of, in sex determination, [198] ff.;
theory of Mendelian heredity, [233]
Chun, [142]
Ciona intestinalis, [89] ff., [212]
Cladocera, [159]
Clausen, H., [302]
Clavellina, [181]
Cohen, E., [292]
Cohn, [41] ff.
Compton, [90]
Conklin, E. G., [129], [134], [143], [145] ff.
Constancy of species, [40]–[43]
Copernicus, [346]
Corpus luteum, action of, [157]–[158]
Correlation, [154], [167]
Correns, C., [90] ff., [214]
Cramer, [289]
Crampton, H. E., [143], [225]
Criodrilus lacuum, [219]–[220]
Crossing over of chromosomes, [241] ff.
Crystals, differences between living organisms and, [14] ff.
Ctenolabrus, [355], [357], [359]
Ctenophores, [142]
Cuénot, L., [12], [324]
Cullen, G. E., [24], [291]
Cuma rathkii, [318]
Cyanophyceæ, [287]
Cytisus biflorus, [37]
Cytoplasm of eggs as future embryo, [8], [9], [70], [126], [151] ff.
Dakin, [352]
Dallinger, [334]
Daphnia, [210], [262], [279], [280], [282], [306], [312]
Darbishire, A. D., [347]
Darwin, [90], [297], [346] ff.
Darwinian theory, [5] ff.
Davenport, C. B., [244], [335]
Death, [349] ff.;
natural, cause of, [364], [369]
Decidua formation induced by corpus luteum, [157]–[158]
Delage, Y., [107], [110], [111], [123], [126], [186]
de la Rive, [24]
de Meyer, J., [127]
Dendrostoma, [101]
Dentalium, [144]
Design, [4], [5]
Determination of sex, in bees, [208] ff.;
in phylloxerans, [210];
in Bonellia, [215]
Development of egg, [127] ff.
de Vries, H., [6], [42], [154], [161], [347], [369]
Dewitz, [93]
Dieudonné, C., [334], [337]
“Directive force,” 2
Disharmonies, [7]
Divisibility of living matter, limits of, [148]–[151]
Dominance, [230]
Doncaster, L., [203]
Dorfmeister, [303]
Driesch, H., [4] ff., [128], [133], [136], [138] ff., [147], [150], [169] ff., [180] ff., [184] ff.
Drosophila ampelophila, [204] ff., [237], [243], [322], [347], [366]
Duclaux, E., [288], [289]
v. Dungern, [80]
Duration of life, [360] ff.
Durham, [249]
Dutrochet, [154]
Dzierzon, [208]
Ectoderm formation, [130] ff.
Egg, as the future embryo, [8], [9], [70], [126], [151];
artificial parthenogenesis of, [95] ff.;
organisms from, [128] ff.;
determining unity of organism, [151]–[152];
chromosomes in, [198] ff.
Egg structure, [129] ff.;
influence of centrifugal force on, [135];
and regulation, [139], [140], [141];
and fluidity of protoplasm, [141]
Ehrlich, [45], [322], [332] ff., [341];
side-chain theory of, [88], [188]
Eigenmann, [320], [323] ff.
Electromotive forces, origin in living organs, [140]
Engelmann, [357]
Engler, [24]
Entelechy, [4], [170], [182]
Environment, influence of, [286] ff.;
temperature, [288] ff., [344] ff.;
salinity, [306];
adaptation to, [319]
Enzyme action, [23] ff., [297], [302]
Ernst, A., [21]
Eternity of life, [34] ff., [360]
Eudendrium, [260], [261], [269], [277], [278], [326]
Eudorina, [277]
Euglena, [264], [269], [272], [277]
Euler, H., [21]
Evolution, [346] ff.;
and mutation, [348]
Ewald, W. F., [261] ff., [269], [280], [301]
Farmer, J. B., [347]
Fermi, [350], [354]
Fertilization, heterogeneous, [48] ff., [51], [73] ff.;
specificity in, [71] ff.;
and oxidation, [117] ff.;
and permeability, [119] ff.
“Fertilizin,” 84, [87] ff., [93]
Fischel, [187]
Fischer, [303] ff.
Fish, [55]
Fitness of environment, [317]
Fitzgerald, J. G., [63]
Flow of substances and regeneration in Bryophyllum, [161] ff.
Fluctuating variations, [6], [297] ff., [346] ff.
Folin, [22]
Food, influence on polymorphism in wasps, [222] ff.
Food castration, [224];
influence on sexual cycle in rotifers, [224];
on metamorphosis in tadpoles, [155]
Ford, [63]
Forssmann, [63]
Frédéricq, [351]
Free-martin, cause of sterility, [218]–[219]
Friedenthal, H., [53] ff., [60]
Frisch, K., [278], [279]
Fröschel, P., [263]
Fuchs, H. M., [90]
Fucus, [123]
Fundulus heteroclitus, [51], [116], [147], [300], [301], [302], [307] ff., [321] ff., [328] ff., [335], [337], [357] ff.
Galileo, [346]
Galvanotropism, [11], [270] ff., [319]
Gay, F. P., [62] ff.
Generation, spontaneous, [14] ff., [34]
Genes, [4] ff., [152], [319]
Genus and species, chemical basis of, [40] ff.
Geppert, [358]
Germination in seeds, [35] ff.
Giard, [180], [216] ff.
Godlewski, E., [48], [75], [78], [120], [126], [169]
Godlewski, E., Sr., [18]
Goebel, K., [154], [161]
Goldfarb, A. J., [326]
Goldschmidt, R., [220] ff.
Goodale, H. D., [218]
Gortner, R., [249]
Graber, V., [256], [276]
Grafting, heteroplastic, in animals, [46];
in plants, [47]
Gravitation, influence on organ formation in Antennularia, [194] ff.;
on the egg of the frog, [141]
Gray, J., [122]
Gregory, [243]
Groom, T. T., [280]
Growth, termination of, [184];
influence of cell size, [187]
Gudernatsch, J. F., [155], [255], [342]
Guyer, [124]
Gynandromorphism, [209]
Haeckel, [346]

Half-embryos and whole embryos, [141], [142]
Hammond, J. H., Jr., [269]
Harden, [16]
Hardesty, [358]
Harmonious character of organism, [5], [6], [318] ff., [341] ff.
Harrison, [31]
Hartley, [111]
Healing of wound, [187]
Hektoen, [66]
Heliotropism, [11] ff., [257] ff., [318];
heredity of, [250] ff.;
change of, [279], [280] ff.;
and adaptation, [318]
Helmholtz, [34]
Hemoglobins, crystallographic measurements of, [64] ff.
Henderson, L., [317]
Henking, [198] ff.
Herbst, C., [97], [147], [193], [306], [310]
Heredity, of genus and species, [40] ff., [70], [151], [152];
Mendelian, [70], [151] ff., [229] ff., [348];
of sex, [198];
sex-linked, [203] ff., [238] ff.;
and evolution, [348]
Herlant, M., [78] ff., [115] ff.
Hermaphroditism, [89] ff., [212] ff., [216], [219] ff.
See also [Inhibition] and [Regeneration].
Hertwig, O., [97], [123], [292]
Hertwig, R., [95], [97]
Hess, C., [278]
Heterogeneous hybrids, purely maternal, [49], [50]
Heterogeneous transplantation, Murphy’s experiments on, [44] ff.;
limitation of, [46]
Heteromorphosis, [155], [193]–[196]
Hill, C., [25]
Hippiscus, [199]
Holmes, S. J., [269]
Hoppe-Seyler, [351]
Hormones, [145], [155], [181], [219];
and Mendelian heredity, [245] ff., [348];
and adaptation, [342].
See also [Organ-forming substances].
Huxley, [346]
Hybridization, heterogeneous, in sea urchins, [48] ff., [73] ff.;
in fishes, [51];
in plants (Mendel’s), [230] ff.
Hydrolytic enzymes, action of, [24];
reversible action of, [24] ff.
Hypertonic solution, [99], [111] ff.
Imitation of cell structures by colloids, [39]
Immortality, of cancer cells, [30];
of somatic cells, [30] ff.;
of life in general, [34] ff.
Inheritance, of colour-blindness, [203], [204], [205];
of eye pigment in Drosophila, [204] ff.;
of pigments, [248] ff.;
of acquired characters, [337] ff.
Inhibition of regeneration in Bryophyllum, [162] ff.
Inhibition of sexual characters of opposite sex, in pheasants, [218];
lack of in hermaphrodites, [219];
in Bonellia, [226]
Instincts, [10] ff., [253] ff.;
sexual, [198] ff.
Intersexualism, [221]
Intestine, formation of, [130] ff.
Isoagglutinins, [66] ff., [92]
Isolation of blastomeres, [136] ff.
Jacoby, [352]
Janda, V., [219] ff.
Jansky, [67]
Janssens, [242]
Jennings, H. S., [264] ff.
Jensen, [45]
Joest, [46]
Johannsen, W., [42], [333]
Jones, [352]
Jost, [90]
Kammerer, P., [325], [337] ff.
Kanitz, A., [290], [292], [296]
Kastle, J. H., [26] ff.
Kellogg, V. L., [279]
Kelvin, [34]
King, W. O. R., [50], [247]
Klug, [351]
v. Knaffl, E., [106]
Knowlton, E. P., [292]
Kofoid, C. A., [143]
v. Körösy, [300]
Korschelt, [361]
Krakatau, [21]
Kraus, [54] ff.
Krogh, [292]
Kryž, F., [335]
Kupelwieser, H., [75]
Lack of oxygen, influence on disintegration of tissue, [355] ff.
Ladoff, S., [224]
Lamarck, [6]
Laminaria, [165]
Landois, L., [53]
Landsteiner, [66]
Lanice, [143] ff.
Lankester, E. R., [41]
Leathes, J. B., [63]
Leucæna leucocephala, [37]
Levene, [351], [352]
Lewis, [183], [344], [364]
Light, influence on organ formation, in cave animals, [319] ff.;
in Proteus, [325];
in Eudendrium, [326].
See also [Heliotropism].
Lillie, F. R., [80], [82] ff., [87] ff., [93], [134], [191], [218], [292]
Lillie, R. S., [101], [107], [110], [120] ff.
Lipase, synthetic action of, [26]
Living and dead matter, specific differences between, [14] ff.
Lloyd, D. J., [111]
Localization of Mendelian characters in individual chromosomes, [243], [244]
Loeb, Leo, [30] ff., [45], [157], [170], [187] ff., [342]
Loevenhart, A. S., [26] ff.
Lumbricus rubellus, [46]
Lychnis dioica, [217]
Lycopodium, [93]
Lygæus, [201]
Lymantria dispar, [220]
Lymnæus, [142]
Lymphocytes, rôle of, [45] ff.
Lyon, E. P., [134] ff.
Macfadyen, A., [36]
Maeterlinck, [255]
Magnus, W., [60]
Maltase, synthetic action of, [25]
Marchal, P., [222] ff., [254]
Margelis, [192]
Mass of chromatin and of cytoplasm, [186]
Mast, [269], [277]
Mathews, A. P., [107], [363]
Matthaei, G. L. C., [302]
Maxwell, S. S., [270], [274], [277]
McClendon, J. F., [122], [322]
McClung, C. E., [68], [198] ff., [237]
Megusar, [340]
Meignon, [217]
Meisenheimer, [225]
Meltzer, S.J., [315]
Membrane formation, [86] ff.;
artificial, [98] ff.
Mendel, G., [23], [229] ff.
Mendelian characters, and evolution, [70], [348];
and internal secretions, [243], [348];
and enzymes, [247], [248], [249]
Mendelian, factors of heredity, [4] ff., [68], [151] ff.;
mutation, [66];
dominant, [90];
segregation, [229] ff.
See also [Non-Mendelian inheritance].
Mendelian heredity, mechanism of, [229] ff.;
and chromosomes, [233] ff.;
and hormones, [245] ff., [348];
and enzymes, [247] ff.
Menidia, [51], [321], [323]
Merogony, [120], [126], [186]
Merrifield, [303]
Mesenchyme formation, [130] ff.
Metamorphosis of tadpoles induced by thyroid, [155], [156]
Metchnikoff, [361] ff., [367] ff.
Michaelis, L., [62], [317]
Micrococcus prodigiosus, [334]
Micromeres, [132] ff.
Minot, [362]
Moenkhaus, W. J., [51], [344]
Molisch, [20]
Montgomery, [199], [234]
Moore, A. R., [50], [247] ff., [280]
Morgan, T. H., [46], [68], [89] ff., [95], [116], [126], [134], [141] ff., [173], [175], [184], [204] ff., [229] ff., [241] ff., [244], [347]
Morse, M., [156], [353]
Morton, J. J., [44]
Moss, W. L., [67]
Muller, H. J., [229], [231] ff.
Murphy, J. B., [44] ff.
Mutation, [6], [42], [243]; and evolution, [347], [348]
Myers, [55]
Nathanson, [19]
Natural death, [361] ff.
Neilson, [110]
Newman, [344]
Newton’s Law, [253]
Nitrifying bacteria, [16] ff.
Non-Mendelian inheritance, genus and species characters, [70], [151], [251];
rate of segmentation, [246];
first development, [247]
Northrop, [366]
Nostocaceæ, [21]
Nussbaum, M., [149]
Nuttall, G. H. F., [56] ff.
Ocneria dispar, [225]
Œnotherus, [369]
Onslow, H., [249]
Organ-forming substances or hormones in regeneration, [154] ff.;
causing metamorphosis in tadpoles, [155]–[157];
decidua formation, [158];
development of milk glands, [158];
Sachs’s theory of, [159]
Organisms from eggs, [128] ff.
Origin of life, [14] ff., [33] ff.
Osborne, [23]
Osterhout, W. J. V., [312]
Ostwald, Wo., [29], [305], [312]
Oudemans, [225]
Overton, [123]
Palæmon, [193]
Palæmonetas, [193];
geotropism of, [270]
Palinurus, [193]
Pandorina, [277]
Parker, G. H., [264], [269]
Parthenogenesis, artificial, [95] ff.;
“spontaneous,” [107]
Pasteur, [14] ff., [24], [33], [38]
Patten, B., [264] ff
Pauli, W., [289]
Pavy, [350]
Payne, F., [322]
Pearl, R., [203], [244]
Penicillium, [289]
Pennaria, [192]
Pepsin, synthetic action of, [28], [62], [63]
Pfeffer, [92] ff.
Phagocytosis, [367]
Planaria, [173] ff., [177]
Planorbis, [142]
Plants, heteroplastic grafting in, [47] ff.;
regeneration in, [160] ff.
Polygordius, [280]
Polymorphism, [222]
Porthesia, [256], [280] ff.
Preadaptation, [12], [324]
Precipitin reaction, [54] ff.
Preformation of organism in egg, [128] ff., [142]–[145]
Presence and absence theory, [230] ff.
Primula, [243]
Proteins, specific reactions of, [54] ff.;
and species specificity, [68];
and evolution, [70], [348]
Protenor, [200] ff., [208]
Proteus, [325] ff.
Przibram, H., [176]
Pure lines, [333], [334]
Pycnopodia spuria, [74]
Pyrrhocoris, [198]
Radiation pressure, rôle in transmission of spores through interstellar space, [34] ff.
Rana, esculenta, [46];
palustris, [46];
virescens, [46]
Rate of segmentation, a non-Mendelian hereditary character, [246]
Rau, [366]
Reaction, tropistic, [11] ff., [92] ff., [147], [178], [187], [255] ff.;
precipitin, [54] ff.;
anaphylaxis, [61] ff.
Regeneration, [9] ff., [153] ff.;
in plants, [160] ff.;
in Bryophyllum, [161]–[167];
in animals, [167] ff.;
in Tubularia, [167]–[170];
in Cerianthus, [171] ff.;
in Planarians, [173]–[176];
in Alpheus, [176];
and autolysis, [178]–[181];
of lens, [182], [183];
external influences on, [192] ff.;
of gonads in hermaphrodites, [219]
Regulation, [139], [140], [141];
in regeneration, see Regeneration.
Reichert, E. T., [64] ff.
Reseda, [90]
Resistance of spores, [36];
seeds, [36] ff.
Reversibility of development, in Campanularia, [178] ff.;
in Ascidians, [180];
in egg, [189] ff.;
in Antennularia, [194]
Rhabdonema nigrovenosum, [213]
Richet, C., [61]
Richter, [34]
Ringer solution, [99]
Robertson, T. B., [28] ff., [62] ff., [104], [311]
Roentgen rays, [45]
Roscoe, see [Bunsen]
Rotifers, determination of sexual cycle by food, [224]
Roux, W., [141] ff.
Saccharomyces, [36];
cerevisiæ, [60]
Sacculina, [216] ff.
Sachs, [88]
v. Sachs, J., [145], [154] ff., [159], [161], [184]
Salamandra maculosa, [339]
Salkowski, [352]
Salts required for life, [306] ff.
Sansum, W. D., [64]
Schizophyceæ, [21]
Schleip, W., [213]
Schoenbein, [358]
Schottelius, [334], [337]
Schroeder, [14], [33]
Schultze, O., [141]
Schütze, [55]
Schwann, [33]
Schwarzschild, [34]
Secretions, internal, [145], [155], [157]
Self-digestion, [350] ff.
Self-sterility, [89] ff.
Senescence, [367]
Sequoia, [31], [368]
Setchell, W. A., [165], [287]
Sex, of parthenogenetic frogs, [125];
of twins, [211]
Sex chromosome, [199] ff.
Sex determination, cytological basis of, [198] ff.;
physiological basis of, [214] ff.
Sexual characters, [198] ff.
Shibata, [93]
Shull, A. F., [214], [224]
Sicyonia, [193]
Side-chain theory, [88], [188]

Smith, Geoffrey, [159], [217]
Smith, Graham, [58]
Spain, K. C., [188]
Spallanzani, [33]
Species, chemical basis of, [40] ff.;
specificity of, [41] ff.;
incompatibility of, not closely related, [44] ff.
Species specificity, determined by proteins, [63], [68], [348];
apparently not by nucleins, [69]
Specificity, of grafted tissues, [47];
of spermatozoa, [48];
of blood sera, [53] ff.;
in fertilization, [71] ff.;
of activation of sperm by eggs, [80] ff.
Spelerpes, [320]
Spermatozoa, fertilization of eggs by, [72] ff.;
activation by eggs of, [80] ff.;
agglutination of, [82] ff.;
cluster formation of, [83];
chemotropism of, [92] ff.;
cultivating of, [126] ff.;
chromosomes of, [198] ff.
Spirographis, [260]
Spondylomorum, [277]
Spontaneous generation, [33], [38]
Spooner, G. B., [134]
Standfuss, [303]
Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, [36]
Steffenhagen, K., [55]
Steinach, E., [225] ff., [254], [343]
Stereotropism, [178], [187], [283]
Stevens, Miss, [68], [199]
Stimulus, [196]
Stockard, [322], [340]
Strassburger, [260]
Streaming as means of egg differentiation, [145], [146]
Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, [50], [52], [75], [81] ff., [103], [247]
Strongylocentrotus lividus, [129]
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, [52], [73] ff., [81] ff., [94], [98] ff., [103], [108], [109], [111] ff., [137], [191], [246] ff., [293] ff., [364];
larvæ of, [49] ff.
Sturtevant, A. H., [229] ff.
Styela, [146]
Sulphur bacteria, [19] ff.
Supergenes, [5], [9], [136], [319]
Sutton, W. S., [68], [233] ff.
Synthesis of living matter, by micro-organisms, [15] ff.;
by enzymes, [24] ff.
Synthetic action of enzymes, [23] ff., [38]
Tænia, [212]
Talbot, [262]
Tammann, [291]
Tanaka, [243]
Taylor, A. E., [27], [69] ff.
Tchistowitch, [54] ff.
Teleost fish, crosses of, [6] ff., [345]
Temperature, effect on heliotropism, [280];
upper limit for organisms, [287] ff.;
effect on life, [288] ff.;
on butterflies, [303] ff.;
adaptation to, [334] ff.
Temperature coefficient, [290] ff., [305];
for enzyme, [291];
for development, [292] ff.;
for oxidations, [295];
and fluctuating variation, [296] ff.;
for heart-beat, [300] ff.;
for duration of life, [366]
Thatcher, Miss, [181]
Thyroid inducing metamorphosis in tadpoles, [155], [156]
Tichomiroff, [95]
Tissue culture of spermatozoa, [127]
Tissues, transplantation of, [30] ff., [44] ff.;
cultivation of, [31] ff.;
specificity of, [44] ff.
Torrey, H. B., [264], [269]
Tower, [348]
Transfusion of blood, [53]
Transplantation, of tissues, [30] ff., [44] ff.;
of cancers, [45];
of anlagen, [148];
of eye of salamander, [157];
of testes, [226];
of ovaries, [227]
Traube, [28]
Treub, [21]
Trial and error, [268], [270]
Trifolium arvense, [37]
Tropisms, [11] ff., [92] ff., [147], [178], [187], [253] ff.;
and instincts, [253];
theory of, [257] ff.
Tropisms, in embryonic development, [147];
of cave animals, [324]
Trypanosomes, [332] ff.
Trypsin, synthetic action of, [27]
Tuber brumale, [60]
Tubularia crocea, [171]
Tubularia mesembryanthemum, [167], [169], [192]
Twins, origin of, [136] ff.;
sex of, [211]
Tyndall, [33]
Typhlogobius, [320]
Typhlomolge, [320]
Typhlotriton, [320], [323]
Tyrosinase, [249], [250]
Tyrosine, [249], [250]
v. Uexküll, J., [4] ff., [128], [139]
Uhlenhuth, E., [157], [183], [187]
Uhlenhuth, P., [55], [58], [66], [322]
Underhill, F. P., [23]
Vanessa, prorsa, [303];
levana, [303]
Vaney, [217]
Van Slyke, D. D., [22], [24], [291]
van’t Hoff, [24] ff., [290], [292], [296]
Variation, [6], [297] ff., [346]–[348]
Vitzou, [159]
Volvox, [280]
Walcott, [42], [61]
Warburg, O., [117] ff.
Warming, [41]
Wasps, polymorphism in, [222]–[224];
sex determination, [255] ff.
Wassermann, [55]
Wasteneys, H., [29], [82], [87], [112], [113], [117], [191], [277], [293], [295], [335], [364]
Weiggert, [188]
Weismann, [7], [30], [303]
Wells, H. G., [62], [69]
Welsh, D. A., [60]
Werner, F., [340]
Wheeler, W. M., [43]
White, J., [36]
Whitney, D. D., [224]
Wilson, E. B., [68], [143], [199] ff.
Winkler, [47]
Winogradsky, S., [16] ff., [42]
Wolf, G., [182], [187]
Yeast cells, cultivation of, [15] ff.
Young, [16], [358]

---

A Selection from the Catalogue of
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
Complete Catalogues sent on application

---